CHM 260 LABORATORY REPORT

EXPERIMENT NO. : 1
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : THE VISIBLE SPECTRA OF SOFT DRINK
(F&N FLASHY FRUITADE)
PREPARED BY : AZRILL BIN MOHAMAD NOR
STUDENT NUMBER : 2009950075
EXPERIMENT DATE : 6 JUNE 2011
SUBMISSION DATE : 14 JUNE 2011
LECRURER NAME : PN FARIDAH HANUM HJ BADRUN






Title : The Visible Spectra of Soft Drinks
Objective :
1. To determine the origin of the colour of the soft drink sample from its
absorption spectrum.
2. To determine the wavelength at maximum absorbance (
max
) for a soft drink
sample.
3. To determine the unknown concentration of a soft drink from the calibration
curve.

Introduction :
Spectroscopy is a broad area of science dealing with the absorption, emission,
or scattering of electromagnetic radiation by molecules, ion, atoms, or nuclei.
Some example of electromagnetic spectrum include as infrared (IR), ultraviolet
(UV) and X-ray radiation.Spectronic 20 was the device used in the experiment
which used visible light spectra as it medium.

Using the Spectronic 20, a range of 360nm to 600nm wavelength was set to
determine the hightest absorbance. From the data, we can find the
max
of the
sample of soft drink (F&N Flashy Fruitade) by plotting the graph absorbance
versus wavelenght.The
max
that obtained is set to the Spectronic 20 to find all
the absorbance of the series of standard and unknown solution. Lastly, the
concentration of the unknown sample can be determined by plotting Beer Law
Plot.

Instruments : Spectronic 20
Apparatus : Beaker, pipette, glass rod, volumetric flask 50 ml, droppers
Chemical : Soft drink (F&N Flashy Fruitade)
Procedure :
A. Preparation of Standard Solutions of Soft Drink (known concentrations).
1. The soft drink was poured into the beaker and stirred to remove
carbonation.
2. 5.00 mL of the soft drink was pipetted into a 50.0 mL volumetric flask and
diluted to the mark with distilled water. Volumetric flask was stopped and
shook to make a solution homogenous. The solution was then stored in a
small beaker and labelled.
3. Step 2 were repeated using a 10 ml, 15 ml, 20ml, and 25 ml of soft drink.


B. Preparation Of Unknown Soft Drink Sample.
1. Some soft drink was poured into the beaker and was stirred to remove
carbonation.
2. An unknown volume of soft drink was pipetted into into a 50.0 mL
volumetric flask and diluted to the mark with distilled water. Volumetric
flask was stopped and shook to make a solution homogenous. The
solution was then stored in a small beaker and labelled.
3. The unknown sample was put into a cuvette until it is about full.

C. Quantitative Analysis Of The Soft Drink Solution.
1. The Spectronic 20 wavelength was set to wavelength maximum (
max
).
2. 0 and 100% T was set as above.
3. The absorbance of each 5 standard soft drink was measured and recorded.
4. The absorbance of the unknown soft drink was measured and recorded










Results :
From the graph obtained the
max
is 420 nm
Wavelength, (nm)
Absorbance (A)
600
0.089
580
0.059
560
0.031
540
0.018
520
0.010
500
0.019
480
0.076
460
0.157
440
0.214
420
0.236
400
0.214
380
0.154
360
0.097
Table 1.2: The wavelengh and absorbance of soft drink






Solution Concentration (% v/v) Absorbance (A)
1 10 0.063
2 20 0.140
3 30 0.218
4 40 0.315
5 50 0.395
Unknown ? 0.247
Table 1.3: Table of soft drink concentration (volume %) and absorbance
Based on the graph absorbance versus concentration, the concentration of the
unknown sample is










Questions :
1. Based on Beers Law, when the concentration of an analyte increases, how will
the following be affected (increases, decreases, no change)?
a. Absorbance
Increase
b. Transmittance
Decrease

2. Why is it important to first obtain the absorption spectrum of the soft drink
before making a calibration curve?
We want to find the
max
of the soft drinks sample to get accurate reading.

3. What is the purpose of using the blank solution?
To set the wavelengh to 0 nm

4. What colour(s) is/are being absorbed in your soft drinks.
Violet

Discussion :
Spectronic 20 is a single beam instrument and always used for qualitative and
quantitative analysis for 380-780 nm visible region. A series of standard and
unknown solutions had been prepared from soft drinks. For this experiment,
F&N Flashy Fruitade was used. A range of 360nm to 600nm wavelength was
set to use for the Spectronic 20. When plotting the graph of absorbance vs
wavelength the A
max
occurs at 420nm which indicate the
max
. Using the
max
,
the series of standard and unknown solution were then use to determining the
concentration of unknown solution by plotting all the data using Beers Law
Plot.

Conclusion :
The
max
and absorbance value of soda pop sample (F&N Flashy Fruitade)
were measured by using Spectronic 20. The
max
of soft drink sample is 420
nm and the concentration of unknown solution is % (v/v).

Reference :
1. Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
(2004). Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry. 8th Edition.