Lilaine E.

Canobis
M.A.Ed. Elem. Mathematics

1. Smart Art
When Rounding Numbers, identify the place of the number to be rounded off and consider the
number right:








5,6,7,8,9
Rounded Up Numbers
0,1,2,3,4
Rounded Down
Numbers


Round Up- add 1 to the number
to be rounded off.
Ex.: 345 -Round to the nearest tens becomes 350
because 5 in the ones place is round up.
Round Down- retain the number to be
rounded off.
Ex.: 162- Round to the nearest tens becomes 160
because 2 in the ones place is round down.
Lilaine E. Canobis
M.A.Ed. Elem. Mathematics

2. Equation
A. Linear Algebra
Distance Problems

Example: Two cars 1 450 kilometers apart are traveling toward each other. One car travels at a rate of
60 kph and the other at 85 kph. If they started at the same time, after how many hours will the cars meet?
Solution: (


) (


) (


)

B. Number Theory
Diophantine Equation: is an equation whose solution is confined only to the set of integers, i.e. we
seek only for the integral solutions of the variables of the given equation. Furthermore, in applications, we
confine the values of x and y to positive integers.

Lilaine E. Canobis
M.A.Ed. Elem. Mathematics



C. Algebra
Zero and Negative Integer Exponents
To find the value of a number whose exponent is either zero or negative-integer, we shall use the laws
of exponents. Let us consider the second law. If

Note that

. When

. Since

=1 and

D. Trigonometry
There are 6 trigonometric functions of

3. Geometric Figures with labels




A

C

B
Triangle ABC



G

D

F

E
Trapezoid DEFG
Lilaine E. Canobis
M.A.Ed. Elem. Mathematics






The Different Kinds of Angles
Acute Angle Right Angle
Obtuse Angle
Reflex Angle
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