Christine Tomlinson, MD, director of the National Candida Society, in the UK believes in the antibacterial roerties of coconut oil, and advises candida sufferers !those "ith a yeast over#ro"th$ to include it in their diet. Mary Ne"ort, MD, director of the neonatolo#y unit at Srin# %ill &e#ional %osital in Florida, is a firm believer in the o"er of coconut for the treatment of neurolo#ical disorders, such as 'l(heimer)s and *ar+inson)s. She should, her husband suffered "ith 'l(heimer)s for five years before she discovered coconut oil. ,ith the aid of coconut oil he)s ma+in# a remar+able comebac+. -thers claim that it can hel "ith diabetes, cancer, +idney and liver function, vitamin and mineral absortion, di#estive roblems, immune function, and "ei#ht loss. From all the #lo"in# reorts coconut oil aears to be a suer food "ith a multitude of nutritional and medicinal uses.
.n recent years coconut oil has shot to suerstardom in the "orld of health foods. Celebrities are usin# it, nutritionists are recommendin# it, and atients are e/tollin# its many virtues. 0et, desite the #ro"in# oularity, some eole are s+etical. %o" could one thin# have so many health benefits1 .t sounds too #ood to be true. .n addition, many doctors, dieticians, and other health care rofessionals have been reluctant to accet coconut oil as a health food. Coconut oil contains a hi#h ercenta#e of saturated fat. Saturated fats have been condemned for so many years, that they find it hard to chan#e their oinions even "hen faced "ith evidence to the contrary.
The ob2ection they state is al"ays the same3 there is not enou#h evidence to rove that coconut oil is harmless or that it has any health benefits. 4.f it has any health benefits,5 they bello", 4sho" me the evidence65 They demand eer7revie"ed studies ublished in resected medical 2ournals. By cryin# 4sho" me the evidence5 they are imlyin# that there is little evidence and that there are no such studies available.
.n recent years doctors and editors of health 2ournals are fre8uently bein# as+ed about coconut oil. Most don)t +no" anythin# about it and consider it 2ust another assin# fad. Their ans"ers reflect this vie".
' letter sent to the editors of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association as+s3 4.s there science to suort claims for coconut oil15 The editor)s rely be#ins by inferrin# that all the so7called health claims come from "ebsites sellin# coconut oil and then states, 4'ccordin# to these sources, the health benefits of coconut oil hel to revent or miti#ate a "ide ran#e of medical conditions. %o"ever9there is insufficient evidence to suort the claims.5 :
' similar 8uestion "as osed to bestsellin# author 'ndre" ,eil, MD. 4,e don)t have any evidence su##estin# that coconut oil is better for you than other saturated fats,5 he states on his "ebsite. 4The benefits of coconut oil in the diet, if any, are li+ely to be minimal, and until "e havemore and better evidence about coconut oil;s effect9. do not recommend usin# it. <
&eaders of Dr. =ohn McDou#all)s ne"sletter as+ed him the same 8uestion. 4Coconut oil is the ne"est miracle food romoted on the .nternet and at health food stores for re2uvenation and cure of >"hatever ails you,)5 resonds Dr. McDou#all. 4'dvocates of coconut oil claim this sensational food has anti7microbial, anti7heart disease, anti7 cancer, and anti7obesity benefits. Furthermore, this fat is sold as a cure for lo" thyroid function !hyothyroidism$. This is a hu#e turnaround for a substance that has traditionally been thou#ht of as an artery7clo##in# saturated fat. Testimonials provide most of the evidence for the miraculous effects these oils have on eole, rather than well thought out and carefully designed experiments ?italics mine@. Thus, most of these claims are based on a little truth overblo"n into a sales itch for sellers of coconut oil.5 A
The ans"ers are all the sameB the health claims are attributed to eole sellin# coconut oil and that there is little or no evidence to bac+ u their claims. -bviously, these doctors did not bother to ta+e the time to research the 8uestion but simly #ave their uneducated, biased oinions. That)s the roblem "ith those "ho refuse to ac+no"led#e ne" advances in science and medicine. They don)t ta+e the time to find out and belittle those "ho have. Celebrity doctor Mehmet -(, MD, "rote an article a coule of years a#o lambastin# coconut oil in the same vein as those above. %o"ever, recently Dr. -( reversed his stance and ac+no"led#ed that coconut oil is a healthy food and admitted that he himself no" ta+es it every day. %e even included several se#ments of his TC sho" to the benefits of coconut oil. !0ou can vie" them at htt3DD""".doctoro(.comDvideosDcoconut7oil7suer7o"ers7t7:$ .f these other doctors "ere oen minded enou#h and had ta+en the time to do 2ust a little investi#ation, li+e Dr. -(, they "ould have seen the over"helmin# evidence and become believers too. Show me the evidence. That)s the universal battle cry of the critics. .s there sufficient evidence to 2ustify the safety and value of coconut oil1 There is actually lenty of evidence, if you +no" "here to loo+. -n the .nternet there is a "ebsite sonsored by U.S. National .nstitutes of %ealth called *ubMed !""".ubmed.#ov$. This is a research tool that inde/es nearly E,FFF medical and biolo#ical 2ournals ublished around the "ord. .f you +ey in the "ord 4coconut oil5 you #et a listin# of all the studies in the database that involve coconut oil. Currently there are :,A:G studies listed. -ver thirteen hundred studies, that)s a lot of evidence6 Ne" studies are continually bein# added. ,e can say to the critics are these enou#h studies1 They "ould robably say 4no, "e "ant more studies.5 -K, "ell you can find additional studies by loo+in# u similar search terms li+e 4vir#in coconut oil,5 4medium chain fatty acids,5 4medium chain tri#lycerides,5 4lauric acid,5 4caric acid,5 4carylic acid,5 and so forth. ,hen you have done that, you "ill #et a listin# of over :H,FFF studies6 %o")s that for evidence6 This "ould blo" their minds. Some of these studies, ho"ever, "ill be listed t"ice. So if "e ta+e into account some dulication, that still leaves about :F,FFF studies on coconut oil. Ten thousand studies should be enou#h to convince any s+etic, esecially "hen you consider that the FD' #rants aroval to ne" dru#s if only two ositive studies are ublished. The arthritis dru# Cio//, had only four ublished studies before it "as aroved. ,hen ne" dru#s are aroved for distribution to the ublic, "hy don;t doctors stand u and scream for more evidence1 ,hen Cio//, Baycol, and Darvon "ere aroved "hy didn;t the medical community rise u in rotest as+in# for more evidence for their efficiency and safety1 They should have, since each of these dru#s "ere later ta+en off the mar+et because they "ere crilin# and +illin# eole. ,hen the 'l(heimer)s dru#, 'ricet, "as aroved by the FD' in :IIE there "ere less than :F studies available, not all of them ositive. The effects of the dru# have been less than imressive. ' fe" of the studies su##ested that some atients may benefit from ta+in# the dru#, "hile others failed to sho" any benefit. .n #eneral, less than half of those ta+in# the dru# demonstrate any benefit. ,hen imrovement does occur, it lasts only a fe" months and is not #reat enou#h to have any "orth"hile effect on the atient)s symtoms or day7to7day functionin#. The results have been #enerally disaointin#, nevertheless, the dru# "as aroved and is currently the most "ildly used treatment for 'l(heimer)s. ,hat rice does the atient ay for the ossibility of a fe" months of minor imrovement1 The rice can be measured in terms of the adverse reactions from ta+in# the dru#, "hich may include any number of the follo"in#3 diarrhea, di((iness, muscle crams, nausea, fati#ue, insomnia, vomitin#, "ei#ht loss, sei(ures, and death. .s it "orth it1 ,hile the benefits are only e/ected to last a fe" months, atients often continue the dru# for years. ,here are the voices callin# for more studies on 'ricet1 ,here are the voices challen#in# its safety1 .s it because it is a chemical created in a laboratory that #ives it accetance amon# the medical community, "hile coconut oil bein# a roduct of nature is loo+ed uon "ith susicion1 Death and Inur! Caused "! Dru#s$ %S Coconut Oil &'S( Deaths)*ear +rom ,rescri-tion Dru#s$$ . /012000
Deaths)*ear +rom Coconut Oil . 0
Serious Inuries)*ear +rom ,rescri-tion Dru#s$$ . 3 million
Serious Inuries)*ear +rom Coconut Oil . 0
JThese fi#ures are for rescrition dru#s only. They do not include over7the counter or street dru#s. -ver7the7counter dru#s also cause many deaths. Kvery year, more than :G,FFF eole die in North 'merica from ordinary asirin and iburofen !'dvil, Motrin$.
JJThese dru#s have all been throu#h the eer revie" rocess and have been evaluated and aroved by the FD'. The number of studies that have involved coconut oil is far #reater than the vast ma2ority of rescrition dru#s currently on the mar+et. Coconut oil has a lon# history of safe and effective use. .t is ridiculous for eole to cry out for more studies on the safety and effectiveness of coconut oil yet say nothin# about investi#atin# the safety and effectiveness of ne" dru#s, "hich have the otential to do #reat harm as evidenced in the data above. Source3htt3DDcommon#round.caD<F:<DF:Drescrition7dru#7deathsD Coconut oil has caused no deaths or harm of any tye. .t)s been used safely for thousands of years. There is no ris+ in usin# it. Thousands of studies have roven its theraeutic "orth and tens of thousands satisfied users can attest to its health romotin# roerties. Coconut oil has roven to be far more effective at treatin# 'l(heimer)s than 'ricet. L 0et, critics still call for more studies on coconut oil. 'dmittedly, not all of the :F,FFF studies involvin# coconut oil are of e8ual value, some rovide little or no useful information. %o"ever, the same is true for dru# studies as "ell, not all of them are useful either. Nevertheless, there are amle studies on coconut oil to clearly demonstrate its many nutritional and medicinal roerties. Met)s ta+e a brief loo+ at the evidence behind the modern medical uses for coconut oil. The basic chemistry of coconut oil "as fi#ured out bac+ in the :I<Fs and :IAFs. Bac+ then it "as discovered that coconut oil "as distinctly different from other fats and oils. Coconut oil "as found to be comosed redominately of a uni8ue family of fats called medium chain fatty acids. .n coconut oil these fatty acids are in the form of medium chain tri#lycerides !MCTs$. .n the :IAFs and :ILFs, it "as discovered that "hen coconut oil "as added into the diet it imroved the absortion of various nutrients. For e/amle, ,.D. Salmon and =.N. Noodman at the 'labama *olytechnic .nstitute !no" 'uburn University$ studied the effects of vitamin B7: deficiency in animals #iven different tyes of fats. Citamin B7: deficiency leads to a fatal disease called beriberi. The fats and oils evaluated included olive oil, butter, beef fat, linseed oil !fla/seed$, cottonseed oil, and other oils. ,hen rats "ere #iven a vitamin B deficient diet, coconut oil "as by far the most efficient in reventin# the disease and e/tendin# lifesan. .n fact, those receivin# coconut oil actually #ained "ei#ht, indicatin# continued #ro"th even thou#h the diet "as nutritionally oor. G None of the tested oils, includin# coconut oil, contains vitamin B7:. %o"ever, coconut oil ma+es "hat little of the vitamin that is in the diet more biolo#ically available, thus reventin# the deficiency disease.
' number of studies over the years have found similar effects. Coconut oil imroves the absortion of not only the B vitamins but also vitamins ', D, K, K, beta7carotene, CoO:F, and other fat soluble nutrients, minerals such as calcium, ma#nesium, and some amino acidsPthe buildin# bloc+ for rotein. E !*lease note that for readability only a very fe" references "ill be included in this article. .f all available references "ere listed, this article "ould s"ell to "ell over AF a#es in len#th.$
The fact that coconut oil imroved absortion of a "ide variety of nutrients led researchers to investi#ate its use in treatin# malnutrition and malabsortion syndrome in children and infants. Kventually it "as included in hosital feedin# formulas for the sic+ and in infant formulas, esecially for remature and lo" birth "ei#ht babies. ,hen comared to other dietary fats, coconut oil roduced faster #ro"th, "ei#ht #ain, and imroved nutritional status. H Coconut oil became a standard in#redient in all commercial infant formulas and still is today. Coconut oil or MCTs are also still used in hosital .C and feedin# formulas to treat sic+ atients of all a#es. 'ddin# the oil reduces the atients) recovery time and imroves nutritional status. Q
.n the :IGFs researchers be#an investi#atin# the nutritional and medicinal uses for MCTs. %arvard researcher Ci#en K. Babayan, *hD is credited "ith develoin# the rocess of distillin# coconut oil do"n into ure MCT oil. %e called the urified oil fractionated coconut oil or MCT oil. I ' #reat deal of research follo"ed and it "as soon evident that MCTs ossessed uni8ue biolo#ical roerties "ith a number of imortant nutritional and medical alications.
.t "as soon discovered that MCTs di#est differently than other fats. ,hen s"allo"ed, most fats travel do"n the esoha#us !throat$, throu#h the stomach, and into the small intestine "here they are bro+en do"n by di#estive en(ymes and bile into individual fatty acids !lon# chain fatty acids$. These fatty acids are then absorbed into the intestinal "all "here they are reac+a#ed into bundles of fat, cholesterol, and rotein called lioroteins. These lioroteins ass into the bloodstream. 's they circulate in the bloodstream they release little articles of fat and cholesterol that are utili(ed by the cells or stored as body fat.
The rocess is comletely different "ith MCTs. ,hen MCTs are consumed, they di#est very raidly and be#in brea+in# do"n immediately. ,hen they ass from the stomach into the small intestine, they are already comletely searated into individual fatty acids !medium chain fatty acids$ and, therefore, do not need ancreatic di#estive en(ymes or bile for di#estion, thus relievin# stress on the di#estive system. Since they are already in the form of fatty acids "hen they enter the small intestine they are immediately absorbed into the ortal vein and sent directly to the liver. .n the liver they are metaboli(ed into ener#y. :F
The difference in the "ay MCTs are di#ested is very imortant because it rovides a means to treat a number of medical conditions. K/tensive research and clinical "or+ in the :IEFs and :IHFs led to the use of MCTs for the treatment of a variety of malabsortion syndromes
Because of the uni8ue "ay in "hich MCTs are di#ested and metaboli(ed they roduce an increase in ener#y and boost metabolism. For this reason, MCTs are used by athletes to imrove erformance. MCTs or coconut oil are commonly found in commercially roduced ener#y bars and sorts drin+s mar+eted to eole "ith active lifestyles.
This metabolic boostin# effect diminishes fat deosition. This led researchers in the :IQFs to be#in investi#atin# the use of MCTs as a means for "ei#ht mana#ement. :Q &esearchers from McNill University in Ouebec, Canada and else"here is no" recommendin# the use of MCTs as a means to treat obesity. :I
.n the :IEFs =on =. Kabara, *hD, a rofessor of harmacolo#y at Michi#an State University, discovered that MCTs ossess otent antimicrobial roerties. .n his search for a safe means to rotect foods from fun#al and bacterial contamination he found that MCTs fit the bill. -ver the years he and other researchers found that MCTs can +ill a "ide variety of disease7causin# bacteria, fun#i, viruses, and arasites. <F MCTs "ere not only useful in reservin# foods, but could be used toically and internally as antimicrobial a#ents to revent and fi#ht off infectious disease. Many common disease7causin# microbes as "ell as otentially deadly ones li+e %.C and dru#7resistant bacteria are vulnerable to MCTs. <:7<< This asect of MCTs is e/tensively researched. There are literally hundreds of studies on this toic and even entire boo+s describin# the antimicrobial effects of MCTs.
Because coconut oil is comosed redominately MCTs, it ossesses the same antimicrobial o"er, as evidenced in many clinical and laboratory studies. <A
.n the :IHFs it "as discovered that "hile the liver burns some MCTs immediately to roduce ener#y, others are converted into +etones. Ketones are a suer otent form of ener#y that are used secifically by the brain, but can be used by all the tissues in the body e/cet the liver.
Ketones not only rovide a hi#h 8uality source of ener#y for the brain but tri##er the activation of secial roteins that function in brain cell maintenance, reair, and #ro"th, thus rovidin# a theraeutic effect on the brain. Since the :IHFs MCTs have been used in +eto#enic diets to treat eilesy. Today modified +eto#enic diets, usin# MCTs, are the standard dietary treatment for dru#7resistant eilesy. <L
Besides eilesy, +etones have been successfully used to treat a number of other neurolo#ical disorders such as 'l(heimer)s disease, *ar+inson)s disease, %untin#ton)s disease, 'MS, stro+e, narcolesy, brain trauma, and brain cancer. The consumtion of coconut oil can increase blood +etone levels to theraeutic levels that can successfully treat all of these conditions. Many atients "ith 'l(heimer)s and other forms of dementia are currently bein# treated "ith coconut oil and are achievin# far better results than the medications currently aroved for these conditions. Studies sho" that MCTs can effectively miti#ate the effects of 'l(heimer)s and a dietary sulement desi#ned for this urose "as aroved by the Food and Dru# 'dministration !FD'$ in <FFI for the treatment of 'l(heimer)s.
Coconut oil is +no"n to aid those "ith diabetes by balancin# blood su#ar levels. MCTs imrove insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, thus reversin# the underlyin# cause of diabetes. <G
Coconut oil has very otent anti7cancer roerties. ,hen cancer is chemically induced in lab animals the addition of coconut oil into their diets can comletely ne#ate the carcino#enic effects of the chemicals. <E
Coconut oil can revent and even reverse liver disease caused by a variety of to/ic a#ents such as alcohol, bacteria, dru#s, and chemicals. <H .t does the same for other or#ans in the body such as the intestines, colon, +idneys, and ancreas. <Q7AF
Kven heart health is imroved "ith the use of coconut oil. ,hile much criticism has been cast on coconut oil because of its saturated fat content, the evidence suorts its heart friendly nature. MCTs are readily used by the heart as fuel. .n fact, it uses MCTs in reference to #lucose or olyunsaturated fatty acids as a source of ener#y. Ketones, as "ell, "hich are roduced from MCTs act as a suerfuel for the heart, increasin# o/y#en delivery by AI ercent and heart function by <Q ercent. .n fact, researchers at University FranRois &abelais in France are no" recommendin# the use of MCTs for the treatment of heart diseases.
They have sho"n that the diseased heart is ener#y deficient and by imrovin# o/y#en and fuel delivery, heart function and survival is dramatically imroved. A: The fact that that coconut oil is not harmful to the heart and may even be theraeutic is substantiated by numerous studies on coconut eatin# oulations "here heart disease rates are amon# the lo"est in the "orld. A< Many other de#enerative diseases are also much lo"er in these oulations such as cancer, diabetes, colitis, liver disease, #allbladder disease, and dementia. Could it be due to the coconut in their diets1
Coconut oil has the otential to aid in the rotection and treatment of a number of health roblems due to its documented antimicrobial, antio/idant, anti7inflammatory, antiulcero#enic, antimuta#enic, anal#esic, and antiyretic activities. AA7AL Scientists and harmaceutical comanies have reco#ni(ed the imortance of MCTs and have filed numerous atents for their theraeutic use in the treatment of 'l(heimer)s disease, cancer, dental caries, eriodontal disease, s+in diseases, and various bacterial, viral, and fun#al infections. 'arently the researchers at these comanies feel there is amle scientific evidence to invest their time and money in rocurin# the le#al ri#hts to use them theraeutically.
The health benefits of MCTs are so "ell documented that the critics cannot ar#ue a#ainst their nutritional and medicinal value or safety. %o"ever, some "ill ar#ue that many of the studies "ere done usin# fractionated coconut oil or MCT oil, not coconut oil, and therefore, are not reresentative of the effects of coconut oil. This ar#ument is 2ust a smo+escreen to 2ustify the demand for 4more evidence.5
Since coconut oil is redominately a medium chain tri#lyceride oil !EAS$, 4the biolo#ical effects of coconut oil are a conse8uence of the resence of these acids,5 says %ans Kaunit(, MD, rofessor of atholo#y at Columbia University Medical School and lon# time MCT researcher. AG Because coconut oil is comosed redominately of MCTs, it influence on the body is characteri(ed by theses fatty acids.
,hile critics may 8uestion if coconut oil has the same theraeutic effects as MCT oil, they "ill ac+no"led#e that soybean oil is characteri(ed by linoleic acid because it contains G: ercent of this olyunsaturated fatty acid, or that olive oil is a monounsaturated oil because it is HH ercent oleic acid !a monounsaturated fatty acid$, or that fish oil !salmon oil in this case$ is characteri(ed by ome#a7As because it contains AQ ercent ome#a7A fatty acids, yet it also contains saturated fat !<< ercent$ and cholesterol !LQG m#D:FF#$. Mi+e"ise, soybean oil and olive oil also contain saturated fats, so they are not ure either, but their character is defined by their redominate fatty acids and their saturated fat content is i#nored as inconse8uential. Conclusion3 coconut oil is an MCT oil and its effects on the body are characteri(ed by these fatty acids. This has been observed time and time a#ain in studies and in clinical settin#s.
Some of the nutritional and theraeutic benefits of coconut oil come from the saturated fats in the oil, such as its resistance to o/idation, lon# shelf life, and suerior coo+in# roerties. Some come from MCTs such as the antimicrobial effects and its uni8ue mode of di#estion and nutrient delivery. %o"ever, most of its medicinal benefits undoubtedly come from the +etones roduced from the MCTs. The rotective effects on the heart, brain, +idneys, colon, ancreas, and other or#ans, its metabolic boostin# and ener#i(in# effects, and its anti7cancer, anti7diabetes, anti7'l(heimer)s and other effects come rincially from +etones.
.f you do a search on *ubMed for +etones, as they relate to MCTs and diet, you "ill find about <G,FFF studies. Combinin# these studies "ith the :F,FFF on coconut oil and MCTs, "e have a total of over AG,FFF studies describin# the effects of coconut oil on health. .s that enou#h evidence1 There is far more evidence demonstratin# the safety and efficiency of coconut oil than there are for most FD' aroved dru#s.
-f course, additional studies are "elcomed and encoura#ed, but to state that there is little or no evidence demonstratin# the safety and value of coconut oil is simly not true. Coconut oil has been used successfully in traditional medicine for thousands of years, and in "estern medicine for at least EF years "ith no adverse effects. .t)s been #ranted N&'S !i.e. #enerally reco#ni(ed as safe$ status by the FD'. &e#ardless of the number of studies available, the real test for the value of coconut oil is ho" it affects eole)s lives. Coconut oil is helin# thousands of eole "ith various health roblems. %ere is a tyical e/amle. 4. "as once dia#nosed "ith luus, lichen lanus !lost all <F nails$, 'DD, deression, C-*D, aller#ies, atherosclerosis "ith chest ain, metabolic syndrome, raidly ro#ressin# to full blo"n diabetes, hi#h C&*, hi#h cholesterol, hi#h tri#lycerides, chronic fati#ue, and fibromyal#ia,5 says *e##y M. 4. "as livin# on inhalers, antibiotics, rednisone, antideressants, sleein# ills, aller#y meds and more9. be#an to try alternative thin#s. . am sooooo than+ful to say, . have been usin# or#anic coconut oil for several years9My thyroid meds continue to be decreased, and . no lon#er have to ta+e any aller#y meds besides shots. .)m afraid to 8uit them. My breathin# roblems are totally #one. . have healthy nails, no fibromyal#ia, metabolic syndrome, or diabetes.5 0ou can access similar stories here. ,hile testimonies li+e this may not rovide 4scientific5 roof, tens of thousands of eole can attest that coconut oil has chan#ed their lives for the better. Medications may #ive #ood results in laboratory settin#s, yet in real life rove disastrous !i.e. Cio//$. Coconut oil has roven its "orth in real life. ,henever someone says, 4Sho" me the evidence,5 #ive him a coy of this article and say 4here is the evidence chec+ it out if you "ant to learn the truth.5 .f they demand more evidence, refer them to boo+s such as Coconut Cures or Stop Alzheimers !ow. Kvery health claim made in re#ard to coconut is bac+ed u by ublished research and historical facts. Kach boo+ includes hundreds of references to medical studies. 0ou can also send them to """.coconutresearchcenter.or# and have them loo+ under the headin# 4Medical Studies5 to access a <G a#e listin# of some of the :F,FFF studies on coconut oil. 4e+erences :. Cunnin#ham, K. .s there science to suort claims for coconut oil1 J Am Diet Assoc <FF:B:::3HQE. <. htt3DD""".dr"eil.comDdr"DuDidDO''A:ELHI A. McDou#all, =. The ne"est food7cure3 coconut oil for health and vitality. The McDougall !ewsletter<FFEBG3G. L. Ne"ort, M. Case study3 dietary intervention usin# coconut oil to roduce mild +etosis in a GQ year old '*-KLT male "ith early onset 'l(heimer)s disease. <G th .nternational Conference of 'l(heimer)s Disease .nternational !'D.$, March :F7:A, <F:F, Nreece. G. Salmon, ,.D. and Noodman, =.N. 'lleviation of vitamin B deficiency in the rat by certain natural fats and synthetic esters. Journal of !utrition :IAEB:A3LHH7GFF. E. Tantibhedhyan#+ul, *. and %ashim, S.'. Medium7chain tri#lyceride feedin# in remature infants3 effects on calcium and ma#nesium absortion. "ediatrics :IQHBE:3GAH7GLG. H. Caidya, U.C., et al. Ce#etable oils fortified feeds in the nutrition of very lo" birth"ei#ht babies. #ndian "ediatr :II<B<I3:G:I7:G<H. Q. ,an#, U, et al. Knteral nutrition imroves clinical outcome and shortens hosital stay after cancer sur#ery. J #nvest Surg <F:FB<A3AFI7A:A. I. Kaunit(. %., et al. Nutritional roerties of the tri#lycerides of medium chain7len#th. J Am $il Chem Soc :IGQBAG3:F7:A. :F. Kiyasu, =.0., et al. The ortal transort of absorbed fatty acids. J %iol Chem :IG<B:II3L:G7L:I. ::. Bur+e, C. and Dan+s, D.M. Medium7chain tri#lyceride diet3 its use in treatment of liver disease. Brit Med = :IEEB<3:FGF7:FG:. :<. Kuo, *.T. and %uan#, N.N. The effect of medium chain tri#lyceride uon fat absortion and lasma liid and deot fat of children "ith cystic fibrosis of the ancreas. = Clin .nvest :IEGBLL3:I<L7:IAA. :A. Cancio, M. and Menende(7Corrrada, &. 'bsortion of medium chain tri#lycerides in troical srue. *roc Soc K/ Biol !N0$ :IELB::H3:Q<7:QG. :L. .sselbacher, K.=., et al. Con#enital beta7liorotein deficiency3 an hereditary disorder involvin# a defect in the absortion and transort of liids. Medicine !Baltimore$ :IELBLA3ALH7AE:. :G. %olt, *.&. Dietary treatment of rotein loss in intestinal lymhan#iectasia. *ediatrics :IELBAL3E<I7 EAG. :E. Nreenber#er, N.=., et al. Use of medium chain tri#lycerides in malabsortion. 'nn .nternal Med :IEHBEE3H<H7HAL. :H. Vurier, &.B., et al. 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