[Andy Ortiz]

[09/21/14]
[9971-0071]

Elementary Analog Filter Design Report

Introduction
The goal of this design is to design a bandpass filter with a center frequency
specified by the last 4 digits of my UFID. It had to have a 100 Hz passband and a 1000 Hz
stopband. This module required very precise calculations and demonstrated the importance of
stages in filter design.

Design
My design had a center frequency of 1071 Hz since my 4 digits were less than 1000Hz.
Below is the schematic from LTSPICE and simulation.
I used the LT1632 in my actual implementation since it had a BWP of 45 Mhz. In this
simulation, you can see that my passband is rightly 110 Hz and my center frequency is right at
1070 Hz. However when I put it on my board, the frequency was a bit off so this was the actual
implementation I used.
These modified values shifted my center frequency to the left by just a bit so that I was
only off by 2-3%. In the lab, to measure these values I adjusted the frequency of the input
waveform until I found what the center frequency was. Then, I fine scaled it to cover the entire
screen. The o-scope has 20 notches from the 0 maker to the top. So to find the roll-on and roll-off
-3db frequencies, I reduced the input frequency to the circuit until the peak sat at 20*.707 which
was roughly 14. I measured the input frequency there and then I increased the input frequency
until it attenuated again at the 14 mark and measured that frequency. Subtracting these two
values I ended up getting 112 Hz of passband. Which Jacob said was acceptable.

In the next part of the module, I hooked up the output of the filter to an LM386 audio
amplifier using the below configuration.

Once I had this part wired, I increased and decreased the input frequency and heard that
the piezo speaker went off at a frequency of roughly 1000Hz and attenuated at the roll-on and
roll-off frequencies. This demonstrated that my bandpass filter was successfully filtering out the
unwanted frequency range.

Last, I had to demonstrate the functioning of the harmonics. At the 1000Hz, 333Hz, and
200Hz harmonics my filter would produce a waveform with an amplitude equal to the fourier
coefficient for that frequency.



Bill of Materials
A 250 pack of assorted resistors that included these values is $8.51.
The LT1632 is $.73 per part.
A pack of assorted (1pf-100nf) of 1000pcs is $8.90

I know we dont need so many for this module, but thats enough resistors and caps to
last for a long time.


Conclusion
Initially, my design did not meet the constraints because I was trying to only do one
stage. Once I added the 2nd stage, my bandwidth reduced to a desirable frequency range. One of
the problems I had during the design was getting the speaker to work. After a while of
debugging, I realized that switching to a new clean breadboard fixed my noise problems. After
completing this module, I learned a lot about elementary filter design and can design filters that
meet my needs.