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3Bio5
CHAPTER 6: INTEGUMENT
aquatic urodele
stratified epithelium of the epidermis (multilayered)
columnar cells/germinal cells constantly undergo mitosis to
THE EPIDERMIS
-
Epidermal Glands
FISHES
-
function
multicellular glands are nut abundant in fishes
slimy mucus is secreted in quantity in response to stressful
external stimuli (i.e. hagfishes = slime eels)
AQUATIC AMPHIBIANS
-
Photophores
- multi-cellular glands of deep sea teleosts
- light emitting organs
- for concealment, sex recognition, lure, warning
Keratin
- protects against desiccation
- keratin is a feature of terrestrial crniates, not fishes and
aquatic amphibians
Epidermis of TETRAPODS
-
stratified epitheliem
Epidermal Glands
1. Saccular alveoli
- complex expansions of the simple glands of dipnoans
and
amphibians
2. Tubular uncommon in the skin of nonmammals
- abundant in mammals
- ubiquitous (found everywhere) in digestive tract from
fishes to
human beings
discarded
Mucous
-
Glands
mucus-secreting epidermal glands
disappeared among terrestrial tetrapods except in mammals
confined to sites where lubrication of a surface is essential
synthesis of mucus other than in limited quantities would
dehydrate a craniate, lacking access to drinking water or to
moisture that could be absorbed through skin
Granular Glands
- present in toads (terrestrial amphibians) & in reptiles
- absent in birds and mammals
- secrete toxic alkaloids
- source of many pheromones (substances that when
released into the environment affect the behavior or
-
hair follicles
ceruminous glands secrete serum in outer ear canal
meibomian glands assist in moistening the conjunctiva of
mammals
open to surface as pores
thermoregulatory
panglions; sirenians and cetaceans marine mammals;
sweat glands
Scent Glands
- sebaceous and sudoriferous glands produce a variety of
scents w/c may be pheromones
- not all pheromones are products of pheromones
Mammary Glands
- compound alveolar glands that develop in both sexes from
-
milk lines
produce secretion that includes lipids
axillary, thoracic, abdominal and inguinal nipples
cistern in which milk accumulates after having been let
Stratum Corneum
-
thermoregulation
early specialization scales, claws, and horny protuberances
were followed by hair and feathers
Epidermal Scales
- are repetitious thickenings of the stratum corneum found
-
only in amniotes
in squamates lizards and snakes is disposed in
scales
scutes are large, thin, quadratiral or polygonal scales used
for locomotion (i.e. snakes locomotion; turtles on plastron
& carapace)
Birds: develop where there are no feathers: facial, legs and
feet area
Armadillo: have hair and scales interspersed over the entire
body
Rats & Beavers: confined to legs and tail
Panglions: appear to be agglutinated hair and are of recent
origin
Lizards & Snakes: have 2 distinct layer of stratum corneum
inner layer: in the process of being depositied
outer layer: will be shed at the next molt
ungulates
all have same basic structure
2 curved parts:
ungis horny dorsal plate
subungis softer ventral plate
Feathers
superior umbilicus
Development of Feather
-
Origin of Feathers
-
Hair
-
Morphology of Hair
-
root is the part within the follicle where hair is cornifying and
dying but has not separated from the follicular wall
Development of a Hair
-
Origin of Hair
-
true horns
Hair Horns
-
deer family
THE DERMIS
-
size,