!

Virtual Particles in Electromagnetism

Marcus Reid
What roles do virtual particles and broken symmetries play in
common electrical systems?
A journey to an emission free energy age by extracting
limitless energy from the quantum vacuum.
Welcome to the next industrial revolution!
"
Marcus Albert Reid was born in 1968 in Cape Town, South
Africa, moving to Munich, Germany in 1978.
A self-taught inventor and researcher, Marcus has been
working since 1998 in the feld of Asymmetric Electric Systems.
He has originated several new ideas relating to energy
conversion and propulsion. Reid has also participated in
developing a schematic, theoretical approach that relates to the
foundations of electromagnetism. His goal is to create an emission
free energy conversion technology that uses the energy within
space-time as an external source of energy.
#
Published in 2014 by
Te Research Laboratory for Vacuum Energy
Germany
Text Marcus Reid 2014
Illustrations Matt Tweed 2014
Executive Producer Charles Louis Strieber
Marcus Reid has asserted his right to be identifed as the author of this work in
accordance with the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.
ISBN 978-3-00-047216-9
All rights reserved. For permission to reproduce any part of this
book in any form whatsoever, please contact the publisher.
www.vakuumenergie.de
Produced in co-operation with
Te Sustainable Media Cooperative Consortium Ltd.
www.sustainablemedia.coop
$
Foreword 1
Introduction 3
1 - Virtual Photons in Electromagnetism 6
2 - Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Systems 24
3 - Classes of self-symmetrizing systems, SS1 and SS2 49
4 - Asymmetrical Electromagnetic Systems 63
5 - Non Self-Symmetrising Resonance Between Two SS2 Systems 73
6 - Experimental Examples 76
7 - Defning Forces and Energies in the Phenomenon of Time 95
8 - What is Vacuum Energy? 108
9 - Implications 111
Appendix 1 - Measurement Data from the Reid-Cell 114
Appendix 2 - Experimental Approaches to Asymmetric Electromagnetic Systems 123
Acknowledgements 136
Bibliography 138
References 139
Contents
$$
Te blue planet
It does not belong to us; we only borrow it for a while.

Mankinds energy needs drain resources and pollute the environment.
Tis cannot go on forever. We have to move to an emission free source
of energy. Te energy within seemingly empty space-time is unlimited
and 100% environmentally friendly. To gain an understanding of how
to get access to this form of energy we need a paradigm shif. Tis has
been done in the past and its happening again now.
!
Today the scientifc community has the opinion that there is no free lunch. Tis
terminology is used in relation to the law of conservation of energy, which states that
energy can neither be created out of nothing, nor can it be lost. Te problem with this
view is that the energy that exists in the universe must have come into being from nothing
during the big bang, since nothing existed before that time. Tis can only mean that it
is possible, that Something is created from Nothing, or that there is no such thing as a
Nothing domain in the sense of being not anything at all.
For example in quantum theories the nothingness of seemingly empty space-time is not
considered to be an energy and identity free domain. According to these theories, space-
time is flled with an unlimited and never-ending form of energy (in the form of virtual
particles) that exists in every conceivable point in space.
A practical concept that has developed from this view is that material objects themselves
are made up from this space-time energy, and are directly connected with it. As the energy
density of seemingly empty space-time is practically infnite, the notion came about that visible
particles, e.g., atoms, exist as an energetic pressure diference of infnite energy densities.
If this idea is applied to an empty car battery, then there is an infnitely large
electromagnetic feld at the negative and positive pole. If, however, one measures the
voltage, then the display on the measuring device will show 0 V. Tis is due to the infnitely
high electrical felds at the negative and at the positive pole exactly cancelling each other
out. If the battery is now charged and, subsequently, a voltage of 12 V is measured, then an
energy diference of 12 V has been created. Tis describes an energetic pressure diference
within the infnite energy density of space-time. Hence the electric voltage is a measure
of the degree of an energetic pressure diference (broken symmetry) within the uniformly
distributed infnite energy density of space-time.
Quantum theories show that it makes sense to assume that all forces and energies
presuppose such an energy diference (asymmetrisation) of space-time. Tis means that
all energy we deal with is derived from seemingly empty space-time in the frst place.
Subsequently, all systems that we know of are energetically open systems that exchange
energy between the material aspect of e.g., an electric system and space-time.
At the same time, however, it is clear that the observable energy components are
conserved. Terefore, it looks as though all known electromagnetic systems are in relation
to the energetic exchange with space-time closed systems. Tis can only mean that although
these systems are in reality energetically open, they just behave like closed systems.
Te Research Laboratory for Vacuum Energy (RLV) has participated in developing
a new model based upon an idea which comes from quantum electrodynamics theory
(QED), where the so called virtual particle transfers, and creates the electromagnetic
Foreword
"
Foreword
interaction. Tis new model explains why electromagnetic systems behave like closed
systems, meaning that it defnes the mechanism which leads to the conservation of energy.
Leading on from this a new theoretical and practical concept was developed showing
how an electromagnetic system can be built that also behaves like an energetically open
system in relation to the energy contained within space-time. Te result is an energy
conversion system that extracts energy from space-time and converts it into a useful
form of energy.
Terefore, these new Asymmetric Electromagnetic Energy Conversion Systems are
already showing that a kind of Free Lunch does exist.
Now, just imagine that such a technology were to be introduced into the market.
We would have unlimited access to a form of emission free energy at low cost,
everywhere and at any time.
Many everyday goods could be manufactured signifcantly more cheaply.
Even the basis for greed per se could be removed at least partially.
Impossible you say? Well, the belief that there is no (Quantum) Free Lunch will
probably not persist in the 21st Century.
#
Whenever a new electrical system is built, Maxwells equations are used in order to
manage the fow of electromagnetic energy. However, these equations, which were frst
presented in their original versions to the public back in the 1860s, are no longer up to date
because they do not harmonise with modern scientifc fndings. Modern theories e.g., the
QED theory, show that the electromagnetic feld exists as a broken symmetry of space-
time, and that the virtual photon transfers and creates the electromagnetic interaction.
Tese experimentally proven facts are simply not considered in the Maxwellian approach.
Virtual photons generate all electromagnetic forces and energies. As virtual photons
simply pop into existence from seemingly empty space-time, one may conclude that
space-time itself is the primary energy-carrying medium. Tis approach has far reaching
consequences regarding the entire energy conversion process in electromagnetic systems
(as well as chemical and mechanical systems), and leads to a new understanding about
where the energy that we deal with on a daily basis comes from in the frst place.
Te challenge with this view is to shif the point of perspective from the material aspect
of the electromagnetic system into space-time. Te entire space-time surrounding us is
not empty, but is flled by an invisible form of energy. And at those places where a volume
of space-time is occupied by a mass, this invisible energy obtains a visible, or in other
words a mass-like, characteristic.
Empty space-time can be seen like something that is flled with transparent water that
is invisible to the eye. A mass existing within this space-time can be compared with an
iceberg foating in this invisible sea of water where all that we can see is the iceberg. Both
the iceberg and the water are made up of H2O, and the only diference between the non-
observable liquid water and the observable solid iceberg is the difering state. Tis is similar
to the transparent energy within space-time and the visible mass. Space-time energy exists
everywhere, and where there is a mass, this space-time energy manifests or freezes into a
visible (observable) form. Terefore mass is a quality of space-time energy.
Applying this view to a common electrical circuit opens up the possibility of viewing
the entire energy conversion process from the space-time point of view. Consequently,
all electromagnetic systems are energetically open systems, with respect to the energy
within space-time. However, they behave like closed systems and if one follows todays
established theory of how electromagnetic systems function (Maxwells Equations), then
one must also view them as systems, which are energetically closed, with respect to the
energy within space-time.
It is the aim of this book to turn the tables and present a model that is based on a
diferent point of view, i.e., with space-time as the primary energy-carrying domain and
the starting point of our perspective.
Introduction
%
The frst principles of things will never be adequately known. Science is an
open-ended endeavour that can never be closed. We do science without knowing
the frst principles. It does in fact not start from frst principles, nor from the
end principles, but from the middle. We not only change theories, but also the
concepts and entities themselves, and what questions to ask. The foundations
of science must be continuously examined and modifed; it will always be full
of mysteries and surprises.
(A.O. Barut, Debating the Final Teory, Foundations of Physics, 24(11), Nov. 1994, p. 1571)
Picture 1. A gigantic, bizarre fantasy castle with a lot of curious
extensions and in front of it a very small, stylish wooden hut which is
bursting withpride. On the door to the wooden hut there is the fower
of life and on the foundations on which the hut is standing are the
words: Time energy as source of observable energy. On the castles
foundation are the words E=mc2
He is standing next to the small hut with a magnifying glass and he
looks at the hut and says: -Hm, fascinating, totally new construction..
Introduction
Picture 1. A gigantic, bizarre fantasy castle with a lot of curious
extensions and in front of it a very small, stylish wooden hut which is
bursting withpride. On the door to the wooden hut there is the fower
of life and on the foundations on which the hut is standing are the
words: Time energy as source of observable energy. On the castles
foundation are the words E=mc2
He is standing next to the small hut with a magnifying glass and he
looks at the hut and says: -Hm, fascinating, totally new construction..
Time energy
as source of
observable energy
E=mc
2
Hmm, fascinating,
a totally new
construction..
!
"
#
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Introduction
Established physical theories are like a gigantic castle built by numerous scientists who have
accomplished truly masterful achievements. Tis castle, like any other building, has been built
upon a foundation.
Due to the complexity of physics the RLV did not want to attach another theory to this castle,
and therefore decided to build something completely new. At present this may be just a little hut
to start with, but at least it is standing on its own foundation.
Te RLV is aiming for a fundamentally new approach that explains the energy conversion
process in an electromagnetic system from the virtual particle (space-time) point of view. As
soon as this is understood, it becomes clear that an additional class of electromagnetic systems
exists. I will also show that it is possible to utilise space-time as a source of energy in such a way,
that there is a higher real (observable) energy output from the system than was previously input
in an observable form. Te missing energy comes from the virtual particles that originate from
space-time. Independent tests prove that these experiments are a reality.
In this book a schematic model is presented that shows the energy conversion process in
common electromagnetic systems from the virtual particle and broken symmetry point of
view. Additionally, it describes both, a theoretical and practical approach to the extraction
of an excess amount of observable energy from space-time. In this respect new terms and
concepts have been developed.
Note: in this book terminology is used which may already have a certain meaning in physics. For
linguistic reasons some of these terms have been used to express other meanings, which will become
clear from the context.
Enjoy the read.
Marcus Reid
Munich, 2014
'
Maxwells Teory on Electromagnetism
In 1864, when James Clerk Maxwell presented his equations to the Royal Society in
London, he assumed that there had to be an electrical ether that exists everywhere in
space. Tis ether would be the carrier for electromagnetic waves and energy.
Whatever diffculties we may have in forming a consistent idea of the
constitution of the aether [sic], there can be no doubt that the interplanetary
and interstellar spaces are not empty, but are occupied by a material substance
or body, which is certainly the largest, and probably the most uniform body of
which we have any knowledge.
Maxwell, James Clerk (1878), Ether, Encyclopdia Britannica Ninth Edition 8: 568 - 572
en.wikisource)
Maxwell spoke of a material substance. His statement about a material ether has lead
to a peculiar situation. If the ether had material characteristics, this would have important
consequences e.g., with respect to the energy conversion process in electromagnetic systems.
Let us imagine a simple, ideal electric motor. In this motor the electromagnet is placed
on the outside of the casing and the permanent magnet is connected to the rotating axis. As
soon as electrical energy is supplied into the electromagnet it is converted into a magnetic
feld. Tis magnetic feld subsequently exerts a force on the permanent magnet, and the axis
begins to turn.
Picture 2. Motor, E-magnet, permanent magnet on axis with direct
transfer
Tis is exactly the way I know it, this makes sense
Chapter 1 - Virtual Photons in Electromagnetism
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This
is exactly the
way I know it, this
makes sense
(
Maxwells Teory on Electromagnetism
We shall now look at what happens in the air gap between the electro- and the
permanent magnet with reference to Maxwell. Maxwell applied the notion of a material
ether, so the electrical input energy is assumed to be directly converted into a mechanical
form of energy.
Here is a comparison. If the ether is meant to have a material characteristic, one could
also insert a piece of material, e.g., a chunk of rubber into the air gap. Te rubber would
then convert the electrical energy directly into a mechanical form of energy. When
examining the behaviour of an electrical motor, this idea of a material ether seems to be
consistent with reality. What goes in at the front comes out at the back. Furthermore, the
energy is conserved since in an ideal system the mechanical energy exactly matches the
amount of electromagnetic energy that has been put into the system. Hence, this seems to
confrm the idea that the electrical energy put into the system is directly converted into a
mechanical form of energy.
Picture 3. Motor as in Picture 1 with rubber in between e-magnet and
permanent magnet
Of course, this also complies with the conservation of energy which says
that energy is only converted from one form to another and is neither
lost nor does it simply originate from nothing. Tis is very clear and
100% proven!
Really? Do you truly believe this is the case?
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Really? Do you
truly believe this is
the case?
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Of course,
this also complies with the
conservation of energy which says that
energy is only converted from one form to
another and is neither lost nor does it simply
originate from nothing. This is very clear
and 100! proven!
)
However, there is a problem with this approach. Tere is neither a piece of rubber nor
any other material object between the electro- and permanent magnet. Tis situation has
motivated a number of physicists to fnd out whether such a thing as a material ether
really exists. In 1887, for example, Michelson and Morley tried to fnd a material ether by
conducting the famous Michelson and Morley experiment however without success *.
Picture 4. Interferometer with no light interference. Te interferometer
is located on the globe and is on the side which is currently turning in
the direction of the sun rotation. Men with twirled mustaches, dressed
in the fashion of the time and with pipes between their lips.
- Interesting, right?
- Yes it is amazing. But if there is no material ether what else could
there be in empty space-time?
Einsteins Special and General Teory of Relativity
Just a few years later when Einstein published his Special Teory of Relativity in 1905
and this theory did not require the presence of an ether, some physicists got the impression
that one could do completely without it. Initially, Einstein assumed that space was totally
empty. Soon afer this, space became space-time, and the time fow of objects that moved
Maxwells Teory on Electromagnetism
Interesting,
right?
Yes it is amazing. But if
there is no material ether
what else could there be
in empty space-time?
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* On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether, American Journal of Science 34: 333345
*
Einsteins Special and General Teory of Relativity
through this space-time in a fast way was altered. Te greater the speed and/or acceleration
the slower the time fow in the moving object. Te slowing down of the time fow was said
to be a characteristic of the space-time curvature, which impacts on the material object.
Picture 5. A planet with space-time curving and two clocks. Te clock
on earth is slightly slower than the clock in space.
- Wow, this Einstein, an incredibly brilliant idea but somehow also
quite abstract. But how can space-time be bent when it is absolutely
empty? Something would have to be there, right?
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However, a completely ether free world brought diverse problems with it, because in
fact there is an interaction between the material object and space-time. A few years afer
publishing the Special Teory of Relativity, Einstein introduced the General Teory of
Relativity, which had a requirement for metric ether.
Space-time does not claim existence on its own, but only as a structural
quality of the feld.
(Prof. Albert Einstein, Nobel prize in Physics 1921, 5. May 1920)
Wow,
this Einstein, an
incredibly brilliant idea but
somehow also quite abstract. How can
space-time be bent when its absolutely
empty? Something would have to
be there, right?
!+
We may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed
with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an aether [sic]. According
to the general theory of relativity, space without an aether is unthinkable; for in
such a space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility
for the existence for standards of space and time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor
any space and time wise distances in a physical sense. But this aether may not
be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable media, as
consisting of particles which may be tracked through time. The idea of motion may
not be applied to it
(Prof. Albert Einstein, Nobel prize in Physics 1921, 5. May 1920)
Quantum Teory
In fact a world without an ether does not make much sense, as e.g., information and
electromagnetic energy move through space-time and interact with it. Tis implies that
there must be a medium that carries these waves and energy through space-time. As
scientists tried to get a better understanding of what this carrier medium may consist of
they decided to divide the feld in space into units; in other words the feld in space-time
was quantized. Te quantum feld theories emerged from this idea.
Picture 6. Spacetime with structure and virtual photons.
- To divide space-time into units is a good idea. One can also imagine
how these units interact with material objects.
- I agree.
I agree.
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Einsteins Special and General Teory of Relativity
To
divide space-time into
units is a good idea. One can
also imagine how these units
interact with material
objects.
!!
Quantum Teory
According to quantum feld theories space-time is not empty but completely flled with
so called virtual particles, which just emerge into existence from nothing and shortly
thereafer disappear back into nothing. Te concept behind the quantum feld theories is
that all forces and energies are created from the interaction between virtual and observable
particles. Even matter itself receives its mass through an interaction with virtual particles
(e.g. through the Higgs Boson).
The meaning of quantum fuctuations is that even empty space-time is flled
with virtual particle pairs. These virtual particle pairs emerge from space-time,
then the two charges move a little bit from each other and then again come
together. After that they annihilate each other. One partner of the virtual particle
pair has positive energy the other partner has negative energy.
(Prof. Stephen Hawking, Te Universe in a Nutshell)
Picture 7. Virtual particles in space-time with a positive and negative
charge.
- Look, polar virtual particles are just emerging form nothing?
Does this also mean that all forces and real energies are created by an
energy which is created from nothing? Tat is really mad. How can one
reconcile this with the conservation of energy?
- Just wait for it.
Just wait
for it.
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Look,
polar virtual particles
are just emerging from nothing?
Does this also mean that all forces and
real energies are created by an energy
which is created from nothing? That is
really mad. How can one reconcile
this with the conservation of
energy?
!"
Virtual Energy, another Quality of Energy
Remarkably, virtual particles possess a special form of energy. Tis energy has a quality,
which exists only in a virtual form. Virtual means that this energy does not really (in
an observable sense) exist unless a virtual particle is created directly at or within a real
particle, e.g., an electron. In this case the virtual energy, as I call it, is transferred from the
virtual particle to the electron. Te electron can then be accelerated and thereby the virtual
energy converts into an observable form of energy (Joule) *.
Picture 8. Virtual particles on an electron
- So only when the virtual particle makes contact with a real particle,
a force is created on the electron and when it is accelerated, real energy is
created from Nothing.
- Correct, and when the virtual particle emerges in empty space-
time in a certain distance to a mass, this form of virtual energy simply
dissolves into nothing as if nothing had happened. So in an observable
sense there is no energy in empty space-time.
- Ok, so now there are two kinds of energy, A virtual form of energy
and an observable form of energy.
- Yes, thats exactly how I see it.
Virtual Energy, another Quality of Energy
Yes, thats exactly how
I see it.
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So
only when
the virtual particle
makes contact with
a real particle, a force is
created on the electron
and when it is accelerated,
real energy is created
from Nothing.
Correct,
and when the virtual
particle emerges in empty
space-time in a certain distance to a
mass, this form of virtual energy simply
dissolves into nothing as if nothing had
happened. So in an observable sense
there is no energy in empty
space-time.
Ok, so
now there are two kinds of
energy, A virtual form of energy and
an observable form of energy.
!#
Te Quantum Vacuum is the Modern Day Ether
Te Quantum Vacuum is the Modern Day Ether
In relation to the quantum feld theories the medium carrying the energy in space-
time was given a new name, the quantum vacuum. Te quantum vacuum (or simply the
vacuum) is the modern day ether that does not have material characteristics. In this book, for
simplicity, I will use the terms quantum vacuum and space-time interchangeably. Using
these terms I do not only refer to Einsteins space-time but simply to what the words space
and time generally mean. With reference to Einsteins space-time one could say that it is a
component belonging to the quantum vacuum. One can visualize the quantum vacuum as a
multi-dimensional domain in which the less dimensional Einsteinian space-time is included.
Picture 9. Te multi layered quantum vacuum with diferent virtual
particles labelled electromagnetism, strong interaction... Etc.
- Tis is really marvellous. In empty space resp. in the quantum vacuum
everything you can imagine already exists but only in a virtual form and
therefore you cannot see it.
- Correct! To our eyes a quantum vacuum is empty but in reality its all
happening in there.
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This is really
marvellous. In empty
space respective to
the quantum vacuum
everything you can
imagine already exists
but only in a virtual
form so therefore you
cannot see it.
Correct! To our eyes a quantum
vacuum is empty but in reality its
all happening in there.
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One can imagine the vacuum as an energy reservoir - virtual particles are
those that emerge from the vacuum and momentarily borrow some of its energy.
Their existence is feeting and they disappear again into the vacuum taking the
borrowed energy with them. Maybe this energy returns to its source or maybe it
is transferred to particles at a different place.... Hence virtual particles function
as transmitters which infuence the interaction of more durable, stable particles.
(Prof. Lisa Randall, Harvard University, -Warped Passages. Unraveling the Mysteries of the
Universes Hidden Dimensions- Nov. 2006)
Virtual Photons carry and cause the Electromagnetic Force
Te quantum electrodynamics theory (QED) was developed in the middle of the
20th century and it describes for the frst time the physical mechanism of how the
electromagnetic and weak interaction works. In QED the virtual particle transfers and
creates the electromagnetic interaction.
Picture 10. Virtual particle transfers force to the electron, noting that the
virtual particle emerged from nothing.
- Really?! It has been proven that the entire electromagnetic energy
surrounding us comes from nothing? And I was looking forward to a
relaxed book!
- Well, I am sorry but this was only the warm up round.
Virtual Photons carry and cause the Electromagnetic Force
B 9%7,*3. 837,%&.5 ,73+$)%,$ 3+: &753,5$ ,"5 5.5&,7()30+5,%& %+,573,%(+;
Well, Im sorry but this is
only the warm up round...
Really?!
Its been proven
that all the electromagnetic
energy surrounding us comes
from nothing? And I was
looking forward to a
relaxed book!
!&
Te Electromagnetic Field is made up of Virtual Particles
The quantum electrodynamics theory attributes the electromagnetic
interaction to the exchange with a particle, which is the photon. This process
works in such a way, that an electron produces a photon, which then travels
to another electron and thereafter disappears again into the vacuum. During
this process the photon produces an electromagnetic force The exchanged
photon which has caused the classic electromagnetic force is in reality a
virtual photon.
(Prof. Lisa Randall, Harvard University, -Warped Passages. Unraveling the Mysteries of the
Universes Hidden Dimensions- Nov. 2006)
As with all theories the QED theory is a theory thought up by people. Terefore a
theory never really describes how the world truly is but rather how we see it. Because of
this fact it is important that experiments are carried out in order to confrm that theories
are as good as possible. And since the QED theory has been well approved it is thought to
be one of the best theories in physics.
Te Electromagnetic Field is made up of Virtual Particles
At frst we only observe a single electron in an area of empty space-time. Tis electron
is surrounded by an uncountable number of virtual particles that continuously emerge
from space-time, and shortly aferwards vanish again. Now the electron does something
to these virtual particles. Te virtual particles are polar, meaning they possess a positively
and negatively charged side. In my view these polar virtual particles, which come into
being directly at an electron, are rotated and aligned by the electromagnetic charge of
the electron. Te positive side of the virtual particle gets turned in the direction of the
negatively charged electron, and consequently the negative side of the virtual particle is
rotated away from the electron. Hence, when we measure an electron to see if it exists
we never, in fact, measure the electron itself, but merely the negatively charged sides of
the virtual particles that surround the electron. Hence, all mass is surrounded by virtual
energy or, in other words, it is somehow isolated by it.
When a material object is examined with conventional methods we measure for
example its mass or its electromagnetic feld. Te electromagnetic feld of an electron can
be conceived as an alignment process of locally appearing virtual particles progressing at
the speed of light. During this alignment process there is hardly any change to the position
of a single virtual particle. All that moves is the alignment process itself, and not the virtual
particles. Te positioning of a virtual particle can be imagined to be attached to a frame.
Tis frame can be seen as a matrix from where the virtual particles emerge. A certain
!'
length and volume of a virtual particle alignment process in space-time can be considered
as a classical photon. And to visualize such a real photon as a donut like alignment process,
which is made up of many virtual particles has turned out to be helpful.
Picture 11. An Electron surrounded by many virtual particles positioning
these virtual particles
- So, you cannot actually see the material itself but rather the virtual
particles around it?
- Indeed, the real particles are, in a way, shielded by the virtual
particles
The connection between the feld and its source charge has always been and
still is the most diffcult problem in classical and quantum electrodynamics.
(D.K. Sen., Fields and/or Particles, Academic Press, London and New York, 1968, p.viii)
So, you cannot actually
see the object itself
but rather the virtual
particles around it?
Indeed, the real particles
are, in a way, shielded by
the virtual particles
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!(
Picture 12, fower..
- So, when I look at a fower I dont actually see the material of which
the fower consists of but only the energy of the quantum vacuum, which
surrounds the fowers atoms.
- Tats exactly it!
As soon as a virtual particle comes into being at an electron it is rotated and aligned.
Te negative side of the frst virtual particle will rotate the next virtual particle in a way
that the positive side of the second virtual particle rotates to the negative side of the frst
virtual particle and so on. Tis orientation process moves through space-time and as soon
as a few virtual particles are aligned, the frst virtual particle at the electron has disappeared
again. Tis on-going virtual particle alignment process represents the steady radiation of
the electromagnetic feld. Once the electromagnetic feld has moved away from the source
charge (e.g., an electron) it exists independently from that charge as a function of space-
time. And when looking at this on-going process the number of aligned virtual particles
decreases with the distance squared. Tis is also the reason why the electromagnetic force
decreases with distance squared.
Thats exactly it!
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Te Electromagnetic Field is made up of Virtual Particles
So, when
I look at a ower I dont
actually see the material of which the
ower consists of but only the energy of the
quantum vacuum, which surrounds the
owers atoms
!)
Picture 13. Virtual particles, two electrons, transfer force onto the
electron
- Ok, so this is how the electric potential fow moves through space-
time. Tis view makes sense because one can now imagine easily why
the strength of the electromagnetic interaction decreases with distance
and why it moves through space-time at a certain speed the speed of
light.
- Correct. Te virtual particles only seem to be turned and aligned
with a certain speed.
Ok, so this is how the electric potential ow
moves through space-time. This view makes sense
because one can easily imagine why the strength
of the electromagnetic interaction decreases with
distance and why it moves through space-time at
a particular speed...the speed of light.
Correct. This seems to be
how fast the virtual particles
can be turned and aligned.
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Te Electromagnetic Field is made up of Virtual Particles
!*
In empty space-time, where there are no source charges and felds, quantum
fuctuations (virtual particles) emerge in a completely chaotic and evenly distributed
way. I call this steady on-going process virtual entropy. Chaotically distributed, means
that the orientation of the virtual particles charges point in a random direction. If you
now place an electron into this empty space-time, it will start to align some of the virtual
particles (order out of chaos). So one can view the electromagnetic feld as a steady virtual
negentropisation process of space-time, proceeding at the speed of light, which decreases
with the distance squared.
Picture 14, electron, virtual particles, em. interaction decreases with
distance squared.
- I see, close to the electron much more virtual particles are aligned
than in some distance to it.
- Yes, and due to the point like radiation the em. interaction
decreases with distance squared.
I see, close to the electron
many more virtual
particles are aligned than
at some distance to it.
Yes, and due to the point-
like radiation, the e.m.
interaction decreases
with distance squared.
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Te Electromagnetic Field is made up of Virtual Particles
"+
If a second electron is positioned near the frst electron, the aligned virtual particles,
emerging directly in and at the second electron, will exert a force. With this picture we
return to the question of why the QED theory is considered one of the best confrmed
theories in physics.
Picture 15. Two electrons, virtual particles, uneven distribution of the
virtual particles in and at the electron...force.
- I like this a lot. Te electromagnetic force is created by more virtual
particles pointing into one direction than virtual particles pointing
anywhere.
- Yes, indeed, that is why I see the cause for the creation of this force
in a phenomenon, which could be described as an energetic pressure
diference within space-time.
I like this a lot. The electromagnetic
force is created by more virtual particles
pointing into one direction than virtual
particles pointing randomly.
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Te Proof of the Teory
Te Proof of the Teory
Tere is a special property in relation to the electromagnetic feld, which is radiated
from source charges. Te electromagnetic feld does not only decrease with distance
squared but there is an additional decrease. Te quantum vacuum itself swallows a little bit
of the electromagnetic felds virtual energy. Te mathematical description of this decrease
compared to what is measured in experiments is the same for many decimal places, and
Yes,
indeed, that is why I see
the cause for the creation of this
force in a phenomenon, which could
be described as an energetic pressure
difference within space-time.
"!
Te Proof of the Teory
it is known to be one of the most precise confrmations of a theory. Hence, it seems that
the hypothesis that the electromagnetic interaction is transferred and created by virtual
photons matches reality pretty well.
Picture 16. Virtual Particles and Rotation
- Very interesting. Sometimes an alignment process gets stuck and
that is why the electromagnetic felds energy gets literaily lost to space-
time.
- What impresses me is the precise confrmation of this feld energy
loss through the experiment. Tere really seems to be something to
these virtual pharticles.
Very interesting. Sometimes an
alignment process gets stuck and thats
why the electromagnetic elds energy
literally gets lost to space-time.
What impresses me is the precise
conrmation of this eld energy
loss through the experiment. There
really seems to be something to
these virtual particles.
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Not only the photon, but all bosons which are able to transfer an interaction
do interact on their way to their destination with the vacuum. Pairs of virtual
particles - the particle and its anti particle - are created and absorbed spontaneously
from the vacuum. This process infuences the net force of the interaction. Virtual
particles have an infuence on the boson and change the force of interaction.
Calculations show that the force of the weak interaction and the interaction of
the electromagnetic force, decline with distance.
(Prof. Phys. Lisa Randall, Harvard University, -Warped Passages. Unravelling the Mysteries
of the Universes Hidden Dimensions- Nov. 2006)
""
Is Energy really conserved?
Tis leads to an interesting thought. For an ideal electric motor i.e., when taking into
account all losses through friction, heat and so on, the coefcient of performance (COP)
is not exactly at 100%. Why is that? Te magnetic feld, which is located in the air-gap
between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet, loses a little bit of its energy
when moving through space-time. Tis decrease of energy has to be added to the regular
decrease occurring due to the distance squared so a little bit of the energy is literally lost
to space-time. Te consequence of this is signifcant as it means, that the conservation of
energy does not apply to any known electromagnetic, chemical or mechanical system.
Even if the diference from the 100% mark is only very small and not of relevance in our
daily life, it is an important issue in terms of our understanding of where the energy that
surrounds us actually comes from.
Picture 17. Motor with decreasing energy in air gap
- Wow, this is amazing. And I thought that energy was always
conserved 100% in an ideal system.
- Yes, one can look at it in one way or another. Basic physics`
rules are not absolute. Tese rules have to be constantly renewed to the
evolving state of our consciousness. However, when taking into account
the virtual energy within the quantum vacuum, then there is no issue
with the frst law of thermodynamics since we are dealing with an
energetically open system. Although one has to approach the subject of
energy from a diferent point of perspective.
Is Energy really conserved?
Amazing! I thought that
energy was always conserved
100! in an ideal system.
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Yes, one can look at it in one way or another.
Basic physics rules are not absolute, they have
to be constantly renewed to the evolving state of our
consciousness. However, when taking into account the
virtual energy within the quantum vacuum, there is
no issue with the rst law of thermodynamics since we
are dealing with an energetically open system.
Here one has to approach the subject of energy
from a different point of view.
"#
Is Energy really conserved?
The fun only begins once you know the rules. Currently we are still busy
reading the instructions manual of the universe
(Prof. Richard Feynman)
Maxwells equations, which are still in use today, do not take into account modern
fndings from QED, nor do they consider the fact that there is no material ether. Having
this in mind one may ask whether the Maxwellian equations still describe the energy
conversion process in common electrical systems correctly? When using the hypothesis of
a non-material ether - as suggested by QED a new possibility arises of how to describe
the energy conversion process in an electromagnetic system.
Picture 18. Dusty book by Maxwell
- Indeed, lets do something new. Maxwells stuf from the 1860s is
really not up to date anymore. If an electric engineer today builts a new
nuclear power plant he uses the Maxwellian equations. Why not use the
most advanced theory (QED) on electromagnetism when it comes to
common electric systems? A new approach is more than overdue.
- Right, back then they did not even know about the electron.
Electrical energy was just a kind of electrical fuid. And they were using
a material ether.. Its time for a change.
- Yes we can!

Picture 18. Dusty book by Maxwell
- Indeed, lets do something new. Maxwells stuf from the 1860s is
really not up to date anymore. If an electric engineer today builts a new
nuclear power plant he uses the Maxwellian equations. Why not use the
most advanced theory (QED) on electromagnetism when it comes to
common electric systems? A new approach is more than overdue.
- Right, back then they did not even know about the electron.
Electrical energy was just a kind of electrical fuid. And they were using
a material ether.. Its time for a change.
- Yes we can!

Lets do something new. Maxwells
stuff from the 1860S is really dated.
If an electrical engineer today builds
a new nuclear power plant he uses the
Maxwellian equations. Why not use the
most advanced theory (QED) when it
comes to common electric systems? A
fresh approach is overdue.
Right, back then they didnt
even know about the electron.
Electromagnetic energy was just a
kind of electrical uid. And they
where using a material ether.. Its
time for a change.
Indeed it is!
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