Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
4:59PM
Unfiled Notes Page 1
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.
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3. A coin is tossed 3 times and the outcomes are recorded. How many possible
outcomes are there?
4. Find the coefficient of x
5
in (x + 3)
8
5. Evaluate
.
6. Evaluate
7. Find the component statements of All rational numbers are real and all real
numbers are complex.
8. Write the negation of the statement: Chennai is the capital of Tamil Nadu.
9. Write the contrapositive and converse of the statement: If x is a prime
number, then x is odd
10. There are four men and six women on the city council. If one council
member is selected for a committee at random, how likely is it that it is a
woman?
SECTION B
11. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, C = {5, 6, 7, 8 }, Prove that
( ) ( ) ( )
12. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}. Let R be the relation on A defined by {(a, b): a ,b
A, b is exactly divisible by a}.
(i) Write R in roster form
(ii) Find the domain of R
(iii) Find the range of R.
13. Find the domain and range of ()
Find
, and x is in
second quadrant.
15. Express the expression in the form of a + ib :
()()
()()
.
OR
Find the modulus and argument of the complex number
16. Find the number of arrangements of the letters of the word
INDEPENDENCE. In how many of these arrangements,
(i) do the words start with P
(ii) do all the vowels always occur together
(iii) do the vowels never occur together
(iv) do the words begin with I and end in P?
17. Find a if the coefficients of
and
in the expansion of ( )
are
equal.
18. Find the sum of the sequence 7, 77, 777, 7777, ... to n terms.
19. Find the coordinates of the foci, the vertices, the length of major axis, the
minor axis, the eccentricity and the length of the latusrectum of the ellipse
.
20. The vertices of PQR are P (2, 1), Q (2, 3) and R (4, 5). Find equation of
the altitude through the vertex R.
OR
Find the equation of the line parallel to y-axis and drawn through the
point of intersection of the lines x 7y + 5 = 0 and 3x + y = 0.
21. Find the derivative of ()
.
OR
Find the derivative of Sin x
22. Two students Anil and Ashima appeared in an examination. The probability
that Anil will qualify the examination is 0.05 and that Ashima will qualify
the examination is 0.10. The probability that both will qualify the
examination is 0.02. Find the probability that
(a) Both Anil and Ashima will not qualify the examination.
(b) At least one of them will not qualify the examination and
(c) Only one of them will qualify the examination.
SECTION C
23. Show that the following four conditions are equivalent : ()
() () ()
OR
In a survey of 60 people, it was found that 25 people read newspaper H,
26 read newspaper T, 26 read newspaper I, 9 read both H and I, 11 read
both H and T,8 read both T and I, 3 read all three newspapers. Draw a
venn diagram describing above sets and Find:
(i) The number of people who read at least one of the newspapers.
(ii) The number of people who read exactly one newspaper.
(iii) Who read H but neither T nor I.
(iv) Who read T and H but not I.
24. Find the general and particular solutions of Sin x + Sin 3x + Sin 5x = 0.
25. Prove by using mathematical induction rule :
()()
()
26. Solve the system of inequalities graphically 2x + y 4, x + y 3, 2x 3y 6,
and x 0, y 0
27. The coefficients of the (r 1)
th
, r
th
and (r + 1)
th
terms in the expansion of (x + 1)
n
,
are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 5. Find n and r.
OR
Find the sum to n terms of the series
) (
)
28. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from the point (1, 3) to the
line 3x 4y 16 = 0.
29. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation for the data given below.
Class 0 30 30-60 60-90 90-120 120-150 150-180 180-210
Frequency 2 3 5 10 3 5 2
**********************************************************************************
Wa)e motion2 +rans)ersal and lon"itudinal wa)es2 5is%lacement relation for a %ro"ressi)e wa)e2
&eflection of wa)es %rinci%le of su%er%osition of wa)es standin" wa)es in strin"s and or"an
%i%es fundamental mode and harmonics 'eats2 5o%%ler effect2
Prac"icals
7o"e: 05ery s"u$en" +ill per,or% 10 experi%en"s &8 ,ro% each sec"ion' an$ 3 ac"i5i"ies &6 ,ro%
each section9 durin" the academic year2
+wo demonstration e0%eriments must :e %erformed :y the teacher with %artici%ation of students2
+he students will maintain a record of these demonstration e0%eriments2 $chools are ad)ised to
follow the "uidelines for e)aluation in %racticals for <lass ,II2
05alua"ion Sche%e ,or Prac"ical 0xa%ina"ions
l -ne e0%eriment from any one section C marks
l +wo acti)ities 8one from each section9 8DED9 C marks
l Practical record 8e0%eriments & acti)ities9 # marks
l &ecord of demonstration e0%eriment & Vi)a :ased on these e0%eriments 3 marks
l Vi)a on e0%eriments & acti)ities * marks
+otal 30 marks
S0CTIO7 9
Experiments
12 Use of Vernier <alli%ers
8i9 to measure diameter of a small s%hericalFcylindrical :ody2
8ii9 to measure dimensions of a "i)en re"ular :ody of known mass and hence find its density2
8iii9 to measure internal diameter and de%th of a "i)en :eakerFcalorimeter and hence find its )olume2
G2 Use of screw "au"e
8i9 to measure diameter of a "i)en wire and 8ii9 to measure thickness of a "i)en sheet2
32 +o determine radius of cur)ature of a "i)en s%herical surface :y a s%herometer2
D2 +o find the wei"ht of a "i)en :ody usin" %arallelo"ram law of )ectors2
*2 Usin" a sim%le %endulum %lot L/+ and L/+G "ra%hs2 +o find the 8a9 effecti)e len"th of second=s
%endulum usin" a%%ro%riate "ra%h 8:9 acceleration due to "ra)ity2
#2 +o study the relationshi% :etween force of limitin" friction and normal reaction and to find co/
efficient of friction :etween a :lock and a horiAontal surface2
Activities
12 +o make a %a%er scale of "i)en least count e2"2 02Gcm 02*cm2
G2 +o determine mass of a "i)en :ody usin" a metre scale :y %rinci%le of moments2
32 +o %lot a "ra%h for a "i)en set of data with %ro%er choice of scales and error :ars2
D2 +o measure the force of limitin" friction for rollin" of a roller on a horiAontal %lane2
*2 +o study the )ariation in ran"e of a ;et of water with an"le of %ro;ection2
#2 +o study the conser)ation of ener"y of a :all rollin" down on inclined %lane 8usin" a
dou:le inclined %lane92
S0CTIO7 2
Experiments
12 +o determine @oun"=s modulus of elasticity of the material of a "i)en wire2
G2 +o find the force constant of a helical s%rin" :y %lottin" "ra%h :etween load and e0tension2
32 +o study the )ariation in )olume with %ressure for a sam%le of air at constant tem%erature :y %lottin"
"ra%hs :etween P and V and :etween P and IFV2
D2 +o determine the surface tension of water :y ca%illary rise method2
*2 +o determine the coefficient of )iscosity of a "i)en )iscous li6uid :y measurin" terminal )elocity of
a "i)en s%herical :ody2
#2 +o study the relationshi% :etween the tem%erature of a hot :ody and time :y %lottin" a coolin" cur)e2
.2 8i9 +o study the relation :etween fre6uency and len"th of a "i)en wire under constant tension usin"
sonometer2
8ii9 +o study the relation :etween the len"th of a "i)en wire and tension for constant fre6uency usin"
sonometer2
C2 +o find the s%eed of sound in air at room tem%erature usin" a resonance tu:e :y tworesonance
%ositions2
H2 +o determine s%ecific heat ca%acity of a "i)en solid li6uid :y method of mi0tures2
9c"i5i"ies
12 +o o:ser)e chan"e of state and %lot a coolin" cur)e for molten wa02
G2 +o o:ser)e and e0%lain the effect of heatin" on a :i/metallic stri%2
32 +o note the chan"e in le)el of li6uid in a container on heatin" and inter%ret the o:ser)ations2
D2 +o study the effect of deter"ent on surface tension :y o:ser)in" ca%illary rise2
*2 +o study the factors affectin" the rate of loss of heat of a li6uid2
#2 +o study the effect of load on de%ression of a suita:ly clam%ed metre scale loaded
8i9 at its end 8ii9 in the middle2
"ested manstration e0%eriments2
S#440ST0: *IST O; :0MO7ST19TIO7 0XP01IM07TS
C*9SS XI
12 +o demonstrate that a centri%etal force is necessary for mo)in" a :ody with a uniform s%eed
alon" a circle and that the ma"nitude of this force increases with increase in an"ular s%eed2
G2 +o demonstrate inter/con)ersion of %otential and kinetic ener"y
32 +o demonstrate conser)ation of linear momentum2
D2 +o demonstrate conser)ation of an"ular momentum2
*2 +o demonstrate the effect of an"le of launch on ran"e of a %ro;ectile2
#2 +o demonstrate that the moment of inertia of a rod chan"es with the chan"e of %osition of a %air
of e6ual wei"hts attached to the rod2
.2 +o study )ariation of )olume of a "as with its %ressure at constant tem%erature usin" a doctorsI
syrin"e2
C2 +o demonstrate 'ernoulliIs theorem with sim%le illustrations
H2 +o demonstrate that heat ca%acities of e6ual masses of different materials are different2
102 +o demonstrate free oscillations of different )i:ratin" systems2
112 +o demonstrate resonance with a set of cou%led %endulums2
1G2 +o demonstrate lon"itudinal and trans)erse wa)es2
132 +o demonstrate the %henomenon of :eats due to su%er%osition of wa)es %roduced :y two sources
SAMPLE PAPER
CLASS XI
CHEMISTRY
Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70
General Instructions:
(3) All questions are compulsory.
(4) Marks of each question are indicated against it.
(5) Question nos. 1 to are !ery short ans"er questions and carry 1 mark each.
(#) Question nos. $ to 1 are short ans"er questions and carry % marks each.
(&) Question nos. 1$ to %& also short ans"er questions and carry 3 marks each.
() Question nos. % to 3' are long ans"er question and carry 5 marks each.
($) (se log ta)les if necessary* use of calculators is not allo"ed.
Q1 +o" are '.5' mol ,a
%
-.
3
and '.5' M ,a
%
-.
3
different/
Q% +o" many su)shells are present in M shell/
Q3 0hich property of element is used to classify them in long form of periodic ta)le/
Q4 0rite resonance structure of .1one or sulphurdio2ide.
Q5 0rite con3ugate )ase for "ater and ,+
4
4 species.
Q# 0hat do you understand )y +ydrogen economy/
Q& 5ind out o2idation num)er of chromium in 6
%
-r
%
.
&
molecule
Q 7ndicate sigma and pie )onds in -+
%
8-8-+
%
. 1 9 8 Marks
Q$ -alculate num)er of photons "ith a "a!elength of 3'''pm that pro!ides 1 :oule of
energy. % Marks
Q1' ;2plain "hy )ond angle in ,+
3
is more than in +
%
. molecule though )oth ha!e sp3
hy)ridi1ation. % Marks
Q11 At constant temperature if the pressure of a fi2ed mass of gas is dou)led "hat happens
to its !olume / 0hich la" go!erns this )eha!ior of gases/ % Marks
Q1% +o" many grams of o2ygen is required for complete com)ustion of %$g of )utane as per
the equation -
4
+
1'
4 4.5.
%
8%-.
%
45+
%
. % Marks
Q13 -alculate )ond order of o2ygen molecule. <ist all the information pro!ided )y the )ond
a)out this molecule. % Marks
Q14 -alculate the total pressure in a mi2ture of 1# g of o2ygen and 4g of +ydrogen confined
in a !essel of 1dm=
3
at %& degree celsius. (Molar mass of o2ygen 3% +ydrogen % >8
'.'3)ar dm
3
6=1mol=1) % Marks
Q15 ?alance follo"ing equation in acidic medium sho"ing all steps*
?r
%
4 +
%
.
%
= ?r.
%
4 +
%
. % Marks
Q1#+o" are silicones prepared/ 0rite necessary reaction. 0rite t"o uses of silicones.
% marks
Q 1& 0hat is demineralised "ater/ +o" is it o)tained/ % Marks
Q1 0hat is the reason of diagonal relationship of elements/ 0rite t"o properties of any t"o
diagonally related elements.
Or
@i!e reasons
(1) "hy alkali metals "hen dissol!ed in <iquid ammonia gi!e )lue solution/
(%)?eryllium and Magnesium do not impart colour to the flame "hile other mem)ers do.
Q1$ (1) Atate +eisen)erg s (ncertainty principle.
(%) 0rite electronic configuration of -u metal (B8%$) and -r
34
ion.
(3)0hich or)ital is represented )y n84 and l83/ 3 Marks
Q%' ;2plain "hy
(1) +alogens act as good o2idi1ing reagent.
(%);lectron gain enthalpy of inert gases is 1ero.
(3)7oni1ation enthalpy of Mg is higher than that of ,a. 3 Marks
Q%1 (1) 0hat do you mean )y ?ond ;nthalpy/
(%) -alculate )ond enthalpy of -l===-l )ond from follo"ing data.
-+
4
(g) 4 -l
%
(g)==-+
3
-l(g) 4+-l (g) C+=8 ==1'$.3k: mol=1
?ond enthalpy of -D+ ?ond 8 413k:* -D-l ?ond 83%# k: and +D-l ?ond 8431k: mol =1
3 Marks
Q%% (1) 0hat are e2tensi!e properties/
(%) 0rite @i))s free energy equation gi!ing meaning of each term used.
(3) (nder "hat condition C (8 C+ / 3 Marks
(5) -.
%
is a gas "hile Ai.
%
is a solid at room temperature.
Or
(1) 0hat are fullerenes/=
(%) 0hy is )oric acid mono)asic/
(3)0hat is inert pair effect/
(4)0hy is E)-l
%
is a good o2idi1ing reagent/
(5)0rite the formula of inorganic )en1ene.
Q3' (1) Atate Marko!nicoffHs rule. (sing this "rite the reaction of propene "ith +-l.
(%) -arry out follo"ing con!ersions
(1) ;thyl alcohol to ethane.
(%) Aodium acetanilide to )en1ene.
(3) ?en1ene to nitro)en1ene. %43 Marks
Or
(1')0rite t"o reactions to sho" acidic nature of ethyne
(11)-omplete the follo"ing reactions=
o1oneKBnK+
%
.
(1%)-+
3
D-+8-+
%=============
aquous 6Mn.
4
(13)-+
3
D-+8-+
%
======================
(14)-+8-+ 4 ?r
%
"ater============
Marking S!eme
SESSIO" E"#I"$ EXAMI"ATIO"
CLASS XI
CHEMISTRY
%& -orrect meaning L 41K%
%' M"o one s and one p L 41K%
%3 Atomic ,um)er
%( -orrect structure 1 mark
%) -orrect ans"er L 41K%
109
9. BIOLOGY (Code No. 044)
The present syllabus reinforces the ideas introduced till the secondary classes. It provides the
students with new concepts along with an extended exposure to contemporary areas of the subject.
The syllabus also aims at emphasizing on the underlying principles that are common to both animals
and plants as well as highlighting the relationship of biology with other areas of knowledge. The format
of the syllabus allows a simple, clear, sequential flow of concepts without any jarring jumps. The
syllabus also stresses on making connections better among biological concepts. It relates the study of
biology to real life through the use of techonology. It links the discoveries and innovations in biology to
everyday life, such as environment, industry, health and agriculture. The updated syllabus also focuses
on reducing the curriculum load while ensuring that ample opportunities and scope for learning and
appreciating basic concepts of the subject continue to be available within its framework.
The prescribed syllabus is expected to
promote understanding of basic principles of Biology
encourage learning of emerging knowledge and its relevance to individual and society
promote rational/specific attitude to issues related to population, environment and
development
enhance awareness about environmental issues and problems and the appropriate solutions
create awareness amongst the learners about variations amongst the living, and developing
respect for the diversity and to appreciate that the most complex biological phenomena
are also built on essentially simple processes.
It is expected that the students would get an exposure to various branches of Biology in the
syllabus in a more contextual and friendly manner as they study its various units.
COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS XI (Theory)
One Paper Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70 Marks
Unit Title Marks
1. Diversity of Living Organisms 07
2. Structural Organisation in plants and animals 12
3. Cell: Structure and Function 15
4. Plant Physiology 18
5. Human Physiology 18
Total 70
110
Unit I: Diversity of Living Organism (25 Periods)
What is living? Biodiversity;Need for classification; Three domain of life; Taxonomy &
Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature; Tools
for study of Taxonomy-Museums, Zoos, Herbaria, Botanical gardens.
Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and
Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids.
Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes,
Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (three to five salient and distinguising
features and at least two examples of each category); Angiosperms - classification up to
class, characteristic features and examples.
Salient features and classification of animals-non chordate up to phyla level and chordate
up to classes level (three to five salient features and atleast two examples).
Unit II: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants (25 Periods)
Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of
flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence-cymose and racemose, flower, fruit and
seed (To be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus).
Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different system (digestive,
circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (a brief account
only)
Unit III: Cell Structure and Function (40 Periods)
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell;
Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles - structure
and function; Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes,
vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella,
centrioles (ultra structure and function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleous.
Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins,
carbodydrates, lipid, nucleic acids, Enzymes-types, properties, enzymes action.
Cell division : Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.
Unit IV: Plant Physiology (45 Periods)
Transport in plants; Movement of water, gases and nutrients; Cell to cell transport-Diffusion,
facilitated diffusion, active transport; Plant-water relations-Imbibition, water potential,
osmosis, plasmolysis; Long distance transport of water-Absorption, apoplast, symplast,
transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; Transpiration-Opening and closing of stomata;
Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients-Transport of food, phloem transport, Mass
flow hypothesis; Diffusion of gases (brief mention).
Mineral nutrition: Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role; Deficiency
symptoms; Mineral toxicity; elementary idea of Hydroponics as a method to study mineral
nutrition; Nitrogen metabolism-Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.
111
Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Where does
photosynthesis take place, How many pigments are involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary
idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non cyclic
photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways;
factors affecting photosynthesis.
Respiration: Exchange of gases; Cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic),
TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations-Number of ATP
molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratroy quotient.
Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of plant growth and plant growth
rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence
of developmental process in a plant cell; Growth regulators-auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin,
ethylene, ABA; Seed dormancy; Vernalisation: Photoperiodism.
Unit V: Human Physiology (45 Periods)
Digestion and absorption: Alimentary canal and digestive glands, Role of digestive enzymes
and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins,
carbohydrates and fats; Calorific value of proteins, carbohydrates and fat (for box item
not to be evaluated); Egeston; Nutritional and digestive disorders-PEM, indigestion,
constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea.
Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system
in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange of gases,
transport of gases and regulation of respiration, Respiratory volume. Disorders related to
respiration-Asthma, Emphysema, Occupatonal respiratory disorders.
Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood;
Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-Structure of human
heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; Double circulation;
Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension, Coronary
artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.
Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion - Ammonotelism, ureotelism,
uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure and fuction; Urine formation,
Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, A trial Natriuretic Factor,
ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders-Uraemia, Renal
failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney.
Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular; Skeletal
muscle-contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions (To
be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular
and skeletal system - Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis,
Osteoporosis, Gout.
Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans-central
nervous system & peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation
and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sensory perception; Sense organs;
Elementary structure and function of eye and ear.
112
Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine
system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads;
Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of hormones as messengers and
regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common disorders e.g.
Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exphthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addision's disease).
Imp: Diseases releated to all the human physiology systems to be taught in brief.
Practicals
60 Periods
A. List of Experiments
1. Study and describe three locally available common flowering plants from each of the
following families (Solanaceae, Fabacceae and Liliaceae) including dissection and display
of floral whorls and anther and ovary to show number of chambers. Types of root (Tap and
Adventitious); Stem (Herbaceous and woody); Leaf (arrangement, shape, venation, simple
and compound).
2. Preparation and study of T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems (primary).
3. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.
4. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (e.g. Rhoeo leaves)
5. Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surface of leaves.
6. Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower surface of leaves.
7. Test for the presence of sugar, starch, proteins and fats. To detect them in suitable plant
and animal materials.
8. Separation of plant pigments through paper chromatography.
9. To study the rate of respiration in flower buds/leaf tissue and germinating seeds.
10. To test the presence of urea in urine.
11. To detect the presence of sugar in urine/blood sample.
12. To detect the presence of albumin in urine.
13. To detect the presence of bile salts in urine.
B. Study/observation of the following (spotting)
1. Study parts of a compound microscope.
2. Study of the specimens and identification with reasons-Bacteria, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra,
Rhizopus, mushroom, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern, pine, one monocotyledonous plant and
one dicotyledonous plant and one lichen.
3. Study of specimens and identification with reasons-Amoeba, Hydra, Liverfluke, Ascaris,
leech, earthworm, prawn, silkworm, honeybee, snail, starfish, shark, rohu, frog, lizard,
113
pigeon and rabbit.
4. Study of tissues and diversity in shapes and sizes of plant and animal cells (e.g. palisade
cells, guard cells, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, squamous
epithelium, muscle fibers and mammalian blood smear) through temporary/permanent slides.
5. Study of mitosis in onion root tips cells and animals cells (grasshopper) from permanent
slides.
6. Study of different modifications in root, stem and leaves.
7. Study and identification of different types of inflorescence.
8. Study of imbibition in seeds/raisins.
9. Observation and comments of the experimental set up for showing:
a. Anaerobic respiration
b. Phototropism
c. Apical bud removal
d. Suction due to transpiration
10. Study of human skeleton and different types of joints.
11. Study of external morphology of cockroach through models.
CLASS XII
(THEORY)
(180 Periods)
1. Reproduction
Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for
continuation of species; Modes of reproduction-A sexual and sexual reproduction; Modes-
Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in
plants.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plant: Flower structure; Development of male and female
gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreedings devices; Pollen-
Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events-Development of endosperm
and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes-apomixis,
parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.
Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of
testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle;
Fertilisation embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and
placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary
idea).
153
14. COMPUTER SCIENCE (Code 083)
Learning Objectives:
1. To develop logic for Problem Solving
2. To understand the concept of Object Oriented Methodology
3. To implement Object Oriented Programming using C++
4. To understand the concept of working with Relational Database
5. To understand the basic concept of Computing Logic
6. To understand the basic concepts of Communication and Networking technologies
7. To understand Open Source Software
Competencies:
The student will develop the following proficiency:
1. Identifying Computer Components / Subsystems / Peripherals
2. Problem Solving using Object Oriented Programming
3. Database Handling
UNIT 1: COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
Evolution of computers; Basics of computer and its operation: Functional Components and their inter-
connections, concept of Booting.
Software Concepts:
Types of Software - System Software, Utility Software and Application Software;
System Software: Operating System, Compiler, Interpreter and Assembler;
Operating System: Need for operating system, Functions of Operating System (Processor Management,
Memory Management, File Management and Device Management), Types of operating system -
Class XI (Theory)
Duration: 3 hours Total Marks: 70
Unit No. Unit Name Periods Marks
Th Pr Tot Th Pr Total
1. COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS 10 5 15 10 2 12
2. INTRODUCTION TO C++ 10 10 20 10 2 12
3. PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY 20 20 40 14 8 22
4. PROGRAMMING IN C++ 60 35 95 36 18 44
110 70 180 70 30 100
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Interactive (GUI based), Real Time and Distributed; Commonly used operating systems: UNIX, LINUX,
Windows, Solaris, BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions); Mobile OS - Android, Symbian.
Illustration and practice of the following tasks using any one of the above Operating Systems:
Opening/Closing Windows
Creating/Moving/Deleting Files/Folders
Renaming Files/Folders
Switching between Tasks
Utility Software: Anti Virus, File Management tools, Compression tools and Disk Management tools
(Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter, Backup)
Application software: Office Tools - Word Processor, Presentation Tool, Spreadsheet Package,
Database Management System; Domain specific tools - School Management System, Inventory
Management System, Payroll System, Financial Accounting, Hotel Management, Reservation System
and Weather Forecasting System
Number System: Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal and conversion between two different number
systems
Internal Storage encoding of Characters: ASCII, ISCII (Indian scripts Standard Code for
Information Interchange), and UNICODE (for multilingual computing)
Microprocessor: Basic concepts, Clock speed (MHz, GHz), 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit processors;
Types - CISC, RISC
Memory Concepts:
Units: Byte, Kilo Byte, Mega Byte, Giga Byte, Tera Byte, Peta Byte
Primary Memory: Cache, RAM, ROM
Secondary Memory: Fixed and Removable Storage - Hard Disk Drive, CD/DVD Drive, Pen Drive,
Blue Ray Disk
Input Output Ports/Connections: Serial, Parallel and Universal Serial Bus, PS-2 port, Infrared
port, Bluetooth, Firewire.
Note : Exploring inside computer system in the computer lab class.
UNIT 2: INTRODUCTION TO C++
Getting Started :
C++ character set, C++ Tokens (Identifiers, Keywords, Constants, Operators), Structure of a C++
Program (include files, main function), Header files - iostream.h, iomanip.h, cout, cin; Use of I/O
operators (<< and >>), Use of endland setw (), Cascading of I/O operators, Error Messages; Use of
editor, basic commands of editor, compilation, linking and execution.
Data Types, Variables and Constants:
Concept of Data types; Built-in Data types: char, int, float and double; Constants: Integer Constants,
Character constants - \n, \t, \b), Floating Point Constants, String Constants; Access modifier: const;
Variables of built-in data types, Declaration/Initialisation of variables, Assignment statement; Type
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modifier: signed, unsigned, long
Operator and Expressions :
Operators: Arithmetic operators (-,+,*,/,%), Unary operator (-), Increment (++) and Decrement (--)
Operators, Relation operator (>,>=,<,<=,= =,!=), Logical operators (!, &&,||), Conditional operator:
<condition>? <if true>:<else>; Precedence of Operators; Automatic type conversion in expressions,
Type casting; C++ shorthands (+=, -=, *=, /=, %=)
UNIT 3: PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY
General Concepts; Modular approach; Clarity and Simplicity of Expressions, Use of proper Names
for identifiers, Comments, Indentation; Documentation and Program Maintenance; Running and
Debugging programs, Syntax Errors, Run-Time Errors, Logical Errors
Problem Solving Methodologies: Understanding of the problem, Identifying minimum number of
inputs required for output, Writing code to optimizing execution time and memory storage, step by step
solution for the problem, breaking down solution into simple steps, Identification of arithmetic and
logical operations required for solution, Control Structure: Conditional control and looping (finite and
infinite)
UNIT 4: PROGRAMMING IN C++
Flow of control:
Conditional statements: if-else, Nested if, switch..case..default, Nested switch..case, break statement
(to be used in switch..case only); Loops: while, do - while , for and Nested loops
Inbuilt Functions
Header file Categorization Header Function
File
Standard input/output functions stdio.h gets (), puts ()
Character Functions ctype.h isalnum (), isalpha (),
isdigit (), islower (),
isupper (), tolower (),
toupper ()
String Functions string.h strcpy (), strcat (),
strlen (), strcmp (),
strcmpi (), strrev (),
strlen (), strupr (),
strlwr ()
Mathematical Functions math.h fabs (), pow (), sgrt (),
sin (), cos (), abs ()
Other Functions stdlib.h randomize (), random (),
itoa (), atoi ()
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User Defined Functions:
Defining a function; function prototype, Invoking/calling a function, passing arguments to function,
specifying argument data types, default argument, constant argument, call by value, call by reference,
returning values from a function, calling functions with arrays, scope rules of functions and variables
local and global variables.
Relating the Parameters and return type concepts in built-in functions.
Structured Data Type:
Arrays: Introductory to Array and its advantages.
One Dimensional Array : Declaration/initialisation of One-dimensional array, Inputting array elements,
Accessing array elements, Manipulation of Array elements (sum of elements, product of elements,
average of elements, linear search, finding maximum/minimum value)
Declaration/Initialization of a String, string manipulations (counting vowels/ consonants/digits/special
characters, case conversion, reversing a string, reversing each word of a string)
Two-dimensional Array
Declaration/initialisation of a two-dimensional array, inputting array elements Accessing array elements,
Manipulation of Array elements (sum of row element, column elements, diagonal elements, finding
maximum/minimum values)
User-defined Data Types:
User defined data type
Structure
Defining a Structure (Keyword Structure), Declaring structure variables, Accessing structure elements,
Passing structure to Functions as value and reference argument/parameter, Function returning structure,
Array of structures, passing an array of structure as an argument/ a parameter to a function
Defining a symbole name using typedef keyword and defining a macro using #define directive.
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Class XI (Practical)
Duration: 3 hours Total Marks: 30
1. Programming in C++ 10
One programming problem in C++ to be developed and tested in Computer during the
examination. Marks are allotted on the basis of following:
Logic : 5 Marks
Documentation/Indentation : 2 Marks
Output presentation : 3 Marks
2 Project Work 8
Problems related to String, Number and Array manipulation
General Guidelines: Initial Requirement, developing an interface for user (it is advised to use text
based interface screen), developing logic for playing the game and developing logic for scoring
points
1. Memory Game: A number guessing game with application of 2 dimensional arrays
containing randomly generated numbers in pairs hidden inside boxes.
2. Cross 'N Knots Game: A regular tic-tac-toe game
3. Hollywood/Hangman: A word Guessing game
4. Cows 'N Bulls: A word/number Guessing game
or
Similar projects may be undertaken in other domains
(As mentioned in general guidelines for project, given at the end of the curriculum in a group of
2-4 students)
3 Practical File 05
(a) Record of the configuration of computer system used by the student in the computer lab
(by exploring inside computer system in the first 2 lab classes).
(b) Must have minimum 15 programs from the topics covered in class XI course.
5 Programs on Control structures
4 Programs on Array manipulations
4 Programs on String Manipulations
2 Programs on structure manipulations
4 Viva Voce 05
Viva will be asked from the syllabus covered in class XI and the project developed by the
student(s).
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Sample Paper Class I
Subject Computer Science
Time: 3Hours
Maximum Marks: 70
Note. (i) All questions are compulsory.
1 a) What are the different functions of operating system? 2
b) How the information can be used as a data explain ? 2
c)What do you mean by unary operators 2
d) What are the different parts of CPU? Explain every part in brief. 2
e) Define System Software and what are its two main types? Give examples.2
f) What is Booting? 1
g) Which of the following are hardware and software? 1
(i) Capacitor (ii) Internet Explorer (iii) Hard disk (iv) UNIX
2. Explain the following term: (Give answer any six) 6
i) Variable
ii) Token
iii) Array
iv) Debugging
v) Comment
vi) Keyword
3 a) What is the difference b/w while & do while loop? 2
b) What are data types? What are all predefined data types in c++? 2
c) What will be the size of following constants? 1
\v,\v,
d) Write the corresponding C++ expressions for the following mathematical expressions:
1
i) (a
2
+b
2
) (ii) (a+b)/(p+q)
2
e) Evaluate the following, where p, q are integers and r, f are floating point numbers.
The value of p=8, q=4 and r=2.5
(i) f = p * q + p/q
(ii) r = p+q + p % q 2
4 a) What is the output of the following? 2
i) # include<iostream.h>
void main ( )
{
int i=0;
cout<<i++<< <<i++<< <<i++<<endl;
cout<<++i<< <<++i<< <<++i<<endl
}
ii) # include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
a=3;
a=a+1;
if (a>5)
cout<<a;
else
cout<<(a+5);
Sample Papers for Computer Science for Class 11
Sample Paper for Computer Science for Class 11
113
} 2
iii) What will be the output of the following program segment? 3
If input is as: (a) g (b) b (c) e (d) p
cin >>ch;
switch (ch)
{ case g: cout<<Good;
case b: cout<<Bad;
break;
case e: cout<< excellent ;
break;
default: cout<< wrong choice;
}
iv) Determine the output:
2
for(i=20;i<=100;i+=10)
{
j=i/2;
cout<<j<<;
}
v) What output will be the following code fragment produce?
void main( )
{
int val, res, n=1000;
cin>>val;
res = n+val >1750 ? 400:200;
cout<<res;
}
(i) if val=2000 (ii) if val=1000 (iii) if val=500 3
5 a) Find the error from the following code segment and rewrite the corrected code underlining the correction
made. 2
# include(iostream.h)
void main ( )
int X,Y;
cin>>>X;
for(Y=0,Y<10, Y++)
if X= =Y
cout<<Y+X;
else
cout>>Y; }
b) Convert the following code segment into switch case construct. 3
int ch;
cin>>ch;
If(ch = = 1)
{ cout<< Laptop;
}
else If(ch = = 2)
{
cout<<Desktop ;
} else if(ch= = 3)
114
{
cout<<Notebook;
} else
{
cout<<Invalid Choice;
}
}
}
c) Convert the following code segment into do-while loop. 3
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{ int i;
for(i=1;i<=20;++i)
cout<<\n<<i;
}
d) Given the following code fragment
int ch=5;
cout << ++ch<< \n<<ch<<\n;
i) What output does the above code fragment produce?
ii) What is the effect of replacing ++ ch with ch+1? 2
6 a) Which header files are required for the following?
(i) frexp()( (ii) sqrt( ) (iii) rand( ) (iv) isupper() 2
b) Evaluate: 4
i) (12)
10
= ( X)
2
ii) (347)
8
= (X)
10
iii) (896)
16
= (X)
8
iv) (100)
10
= (X)
2
7 a) Write a C++ program to check a year for leap year or not. 2
b) Write a C++ program to check a number for Armstrong or not. 4
c) Write a C++ program to calculate the factorial of any given number 4
d) Write a C++ program to print the Fibonacci series 4
e) Write a C++ program to print table a given number. 2
115
Answer key
Q.No.1
a. Major OS functions are listed below
1. Process Management 2. Storage Management 3. Information
Management (Student has to describe all in brief)
b. The processed information can be used as a data again to produce a next level information.
For example- totoal no. of students school wise can give the information that how students
are there in one region again this information as a data ca be used to calculate that how
many students are studying in KVS
c. unary operators are the operators, having one operand and two operators. There are two
types of unary operators-
i. unary increment ( Ex. a++(post increment))/++a(pre increment))
ii. Unary decrement (a(post decrement)/--a(pre decrement))
d. ALU(Arithmetic logic unit), CU(control unit), MU(memory unit)
e. System software are the software that govern the operation of computer system and
make the hardware run. These software can be classified into two categories.
Operating System & Language Processor
f. Booting is a process through which operating system makes the computer system ready to
perform users task
g. Hardware- I&III, Software- II&IV
Q.No.2
i. variable is a name given to the memory location, whose value can be changed during run time.
ii. The smallest individual unit in a program is known as a token
iii. Array is a combination of similar data values. It is used to store more than one value under same
name
iv. debugging is a way to correct the errors in the program during compilation
v. comments are non executable statements, used to give the information about the code for future
use.
vi. Keywords are the reserved words, programed by the programmer to perform the specific task. The
keyword can not be taken as a name of variable.
Q.No.3
a. While loop is entry control loop i.e. while loop first will test the condition and if condition is
true then only the body of the loop will be executed. While do-while loop is exit control loop
and even the condition is not true at least one time the body of the loop will be executed.
b. data types are means to identify the types of data and associated operation of handling it. The
fundamental data types are- char, int , float , double and void .
c. one byte
d. i. sqrt(a*a+b*b) & ii. ((a+b)/((p+q)*(p+q))
e. students do yourself
Q.No.4
a. i. 0 1 2
4 5 6 , ii. 9 , iii. For g- good & bad/ for b bad / for e excellent / for p wrong choice
iv. 10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50 v. 400, 400, 200
Q.No.5
a. Errors if x==y (correct- if(x==y)) & cout>>y(correct cout<<y)
b.
int ch; cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
Case 1 : cout<< Laptop; break;
Case 2: cout<<Desktop ; break;
Case 3: cout<<Notebook;break;
Default : cout<<Invalid Choice;
116
}
c. #include<iostream.h>
void main()
{ int i;
i=1
do
{ cout<<\n<<i;
++i
}while (i<=20);
}
d. In both condition output will be 6 5
Q.No.6
a. math.h , math.h , stdlib.h , ctype.h
b. 1100, (232) , (4226), (1100100)
Q.No.7
a.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int year;
cout<<"Enter Year(ex:1900):";
cin>>year;
if(year%100==0)
{
if(year%400==0)
cout<<"\nLeap Year";
}
else
if(year%4==0)
cout<<"\nLeap Year";
else
cout<<"\nNot a Leap Year";
getch();
}
b.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int Number,Temp,b=0;
cout<<endl<<"Enter any number to check";
cin>>Number;
Temp=Number;
int P;
while(Temp>0)
{
P=Temp%10;
b=b P*P*P;
Temp=Temp/10;
}
117
if(b==Number)
{
Cout<<endl<<"Armstrong no";
}
else
{
cout<<"Not an armstrong no";
}
getch();
}
c.
#include <iostream.h>
int factorial(int);
void main(void) {
int number;
cout << "Please enter a positive integer: ";
cin >> number;
if (number < 1)
cout << "That is not a positive integer.\n";
else
cout << number << " factorial is: " << factorial(number) << endl;
}
int factorial(int number) {
if(number <= 1) return 1;
else
return number * factorial(number - 1);
}
d.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
unsigned long first,second,third,n;
int i;
first=0;
second=1;
cout<<"how many elements(>5)? \n";
cin>>n;
cout<<"fibonacci series\n";
cout<<first<<" "<<second;
for(i=2;i<n;i++)
{
third=first+second;
cout<<" "<<third;
first=second;
Second=third;
}
return 0;
getch();}
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e.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int r,m,i,n;
cout<<"Enter the number to generate its table";
cin>>n;
cout<<"Enter the number(table upto)";
cin>>m;
i=1;
while(i<=m)
{
r=n*i;
cout<<N<<"*"<<I<<"="<<R<<endl;
}
}