15 p.

178 Hackers Test 07

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1. Reading
In recent decades, global demand for seafood has increased significantly, and commercial
fishing is no longer sufficient to meet this higher demand. One proposed solution was to use
aquatic farming as a means to supplement fishing. However, this method has proven to have
serious problems.
Issue: aquatic farming

Thesis: serious prob.

One issue is that if too many fish are living in a limited space, by-products such as bacteria
will develop. This is because organic matter from fish feed and waste attracts bacteria and
provides ideal conditions for bacterial growth.
1: too many fish bacteria develop

1: organic matter

In turn, the bacteria cause health problems for fish and can lead to deaths.
1: too many fish bacteria develop

1: organic matter uncertain about competence
health prob. death

Another problem is the interbreeding between escaped farmed fish and wild fish. This is
because farmers have to use antibiotics to protect fish populations against harmful bacteria,
and this leads to a reduced resistance to disease.
2: interbreeding w/ wild fish

2: farmed fish weaker






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Interbreeding means the genetically weakened farmed fish pass on their genes to wild
populations, harming the adaptive fitness of the species in the wild and resulting in lower
survival rates.
2: interbreeding w/ wild fish

2: farmed fish weaker
weaker genes pass on to wild fish

A third problem is that the fish farming degrades the environment. , For example, in shrimp
farming, the salt content of the water steadily increases over time due to continual
evaporation. The high salinity of the water makes it impossible for farmers to reuse the water.
It must then be replaced with new water, and so much water is wasted in the process.
3: degrade envior.

3: high salinity X reuse water

Furthermore, as the salty water continually seeps into the soil, the soil becomes so salty that it
makes agriculture impossible in the surrounding land.
3: degrade envior.

3: high salinity X reuse water
X agriculture

2. Listening
Now were going to discuss some recent methods that are changing the fish farming
business. In particular, were going to focus on solutions to problems that have been
associated with fish farming.
Issue: fish farming

Thesis: Thesis: solutions






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Well, lets start with the problem of bacterial growth.. we can use bottom-dwelling fish to
control bacteria levels in the sediment below fish farms. A recent study proved that this
method is effective.
1: bottom-dwelling fish

What scientists did was.well, they released a type of bottom-dwelling fish into the water
and waited. After, um two months, these fish had _________________ much of the
_______________ matter.. and that helped control the growth of bacteria.
1: bottom-dwelling fish

1: consume organic matter

Ok, then.. lets move on to the interbreeding issue. Frankly speaking, it is very easy to
prevent farmed fish from escaping, and uh, consequently, easy to prevent interbreeding.
2: prevent escapes prevent interbreeding

Farmers can easily make their farms 100 percent secure by _____________
_______________ the fish enclosure. Regular preventive maintenance will ensure that fish
are unable to escape.
2: prevent escapes prevent interbreeding

2: regularly check fish enclosure
preventive maintenance

And lastly, we also have solutions to environmental concerns over shrimp farming. At
shrimp farms, water can be __________ and ____________ by filtering and chemically
removing mineral salts from the water. This means less water is used and there is no need
to dispose of polluted waste water.
3: can solve envior. concerns shrimp farming

3: treat & recycle water





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And another thing: ______________ trees can be planted to protect the surrounding land
from becoming salty. You see, mangroves absorb salt through their roots, store it in their
tissues, and secrete it from their leavesand uh, this process ________ _______ from the
soil.
3: can solve envior. concerns shrimp farming

3: treat & recycle water
plant mangroves remove salt

3.
, implement
, consume
, eliminate
~ perform

plant
/ degradation

4. Summary
The reading passage argues that
________________________________________
________________________________________
On the other hand, the lecturer brings up several methods that address the
problems mentioned in the reading passage.

1 First, the speaker argues that bacteria level in the water can be
controlled by using a type of ________________ ___________. These
fish improve water quality by ___________ ____________ _______.
1 This effectively solves the problem of ______________
________________ discussed in the reading passage.

2 Second, according to the lecturer, interbreeding between escaped





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farmed fish and wild fish can be ________ ___________.
Farmers can prevent the escape of fish by ___________ ____________
and performing preventive maintenance on the fish enclosures. 2 This
practice can eliminate the problem of ________________ that is mentioned in the reading
passage.

3 The final point made by the lecturer is that there are solutions to
environmental problems related to shrimp farming.
Water can be ____________ and ___________. In addition,
_______________ trees can be planted to help __________ ________ from the
surrounding soil.
3 These measures can prevent the __________________
__________________ mentioned in the reading passage.