www. s k s pr o.

com
I C
lnternet and
omputng ore
ertcaton
computer undamentas
key appcatons
vng onne
computer hardware & software
word processing & spreadsheets
e-mail & internet
earn about:
3
Blank
www. s k s pr o. com
Achi eve I C
3
lnternet and omputng ore ertcaton
4
Special Thanks
Randy Person Certiport Inc.
David Saedi Certiport Inc.
To place orders for this book please visit our website www.skillspro.com for your local reseller.
IC3 is a Certiport Inc. trademark.
Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft Explorer
are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other products and company names
mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain names,
email addresses, logos, people, places or events is intended or should be inferred.
Published by SkillsPro
www.skillspro.com
Copyright by SkillsPro Digital Media Limited
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
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5
TABlE Ol ONTENTS
++( Purchasng Decsons
11401 - Identify when large systems should be used . . . . . . . . . 34
11402 - Identify how to select the right type of computer. . . . . 35
11403 - Identify how to decide between a desktop or laptop . . 36
11404 - Identify hardware considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
11405 - Identify software considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
11406 - Identify integration considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
11407 - Identify how price is impacted by hardware and software. . 40
11408 - Warranties, support agreements, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
.o omputer Sotware
++ Sotware Bascs
12101 - Identify how data is input into a computer . . . . . . . . . . 42
12102 - Identify how data is transformed from analog to digital . 43
12103 - Identify how users interact with software. . . . . . . . . . . 44
12104 - Identify how software applies rules to process data . . . 45
12105 - Identify how software outputs the result of data processing . 46
12106 - Identify problems in software code (bugs) . . . . . . . . . . 47
+ Types o Sotware
12201 - Operating systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
12202 - Word processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
12203 - Spreadsheet programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
12204 - Presentation programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
12205 - Database programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
12206 - Graphics programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
12207 - Multimedia programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
12108 - Electronic mail programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
12109 - Web browsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
12110 - Utility programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
12111 - Specialized personal software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
12112 - Custom mini- or mainframe software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
12113 - Identify software "suites" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
12114 - Problems arising from using the wrong software . . . . . 61
+.o omputer Hardware
+++ ldentyng omputers
11101 - Identify different types of computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
11102 - Identify different types of microcomputers . . . . . . . . . . 13
11103 - Identify the role of the central processing unit . . . . . . . 14
11104 - Identify how the speed of the microprocessor is measured. 15
11105 - Identify the role of different types of memory . . . . . . . 16
11106 - Identify the flow of information between storage devices . . 17
11107 - Identify the flow of information within a computer. . . . . . 18
11108 - Identify how information is transferred. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11109 - Identify how large systems work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
11110 - Identify how computers integrate into larger systems . . 21
11111 - Identify how computers share resources . . . . . . . . . . . 22
++ Hardware omponents
11201 - Identify external components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
11202 - Identify internal components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
11203 - Identify input devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11204 - Identify output devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
11205 - Identify storage devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
11206 - Identify ports used to connect devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
11207 - Identify and be able to solve common problems. . . . . . 29
++ Perormance
11301 - Microprocessor speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
11302 - How RAM affects performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
11303 - How storage devices affect performance . . . . . . . . . . . 32
11304 - Other factors that affect performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
NODUl E
1
COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS
6
TABlE Ol ONTENTS
.o Usng an Operatng System
++ Operatng Systems
13101 - Identify the purpose of an operating system. . . . . . . . . 62
13102 - Identify character-based operating systems (DOS) . . . . 63
13103 - Identify graphical-user-interface operating systems . . . . 64
13104 - Identify different versions of Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
13105 - Identify non-Windows operating systems . . . . . . . . . . . 66
13106 - Capabilities and limitations of the operating system . . . 67
+ Desktop Bascs
13201 - Identify elements of the Windows desktop. . . . . . . . . . 68
13202 - Manipulate windows (maximize, minimize, close) . . . . . 69
13203 - Shut down and restart the computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
13204 - Use the Windows Start menu and Taskbar . . . . . . . . . . 71
13205 - Add a shortcut to the Start menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
13206 - Switch between open windows/programs . . . . . . . . . . 73
13207 - Use Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
13208 - Create, delete, move and modify desktop folders. . . . . 75
13209 - Create, delete, move and modify desktop icons . . . . . . 76
13210 - Start the Windows Explorer/File Manager . . . . . . . . . . 77
13211 - Identify the directory/folder structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
13212 - Change directory and file views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
13213 - Create, move, copy and delete a directory/folder. . . . . 80
13214 - Select one or more files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
13215 - Move, copy, delete and rename a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
13216 - Display and identify file properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
13217 - Find files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
13218 - Format a floppy disk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
13219 - Precautions when manipulating files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
13220 - Solve common file problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
+ System Settngs
13301 - Display control panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
13302 - Identify different control panel functions. . . . . . . . . . . . 89
13303 - Change date/time settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
13304 - Change display settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
13305 - Identify precautions when changing system settings . . . 92
13306 - Solve problems associated with changing system settings. 93
13307 - Install software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
13308 - Identify installed applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
13309 - Start installed applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
+.o ommon Program lunctons
++ Start, Ext and Hep
21101 - Start a Windows application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21102 - Exit a Windows application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21103 - Identify and prioritize help resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21104 - Access online help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21105 - Use help search functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21106 - Access Internet-based help functionality . . . . . . . . . . . 144
+ Appcaton Bascs
21201 - Identify on-screen elements in Windows applications . 144
21202 - Display or hide toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21203 - Switch between open documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21204 - Change views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21205 - Change magnification level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21206 - Create new files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21207 - Create new files based on pre-existing templates . . . . 144
21208 - Open files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21209 - Save files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21210 - Save files in different locations, names, file formats . . . 144
21211 - Identify and solve common problems relating to files . 144
NODUl E
2
KEY APPLICATIONS
7
TABlE Ol ONTENTS
+ Edtng and lormattng
21301 - Navigate around open files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21302 - Select information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21303 - Clear selected information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21304 - Cut selected information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21305 - Copy selected information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21306 - Paste cut or copied information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21307 - Use the Undo, Redo and Repeat commands. . . . . . . . 144
21308 - Find information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21309 - Replace information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21310 - Check spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21311 - Change fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21312 - Bold, underline, italicize text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21313 - Change text color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21314 - Apply text effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21315 - Change text orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
+( Prntng
21401 - Set margins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21402 - Change paper size and orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21403 - Preview a file before printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21404 - Print files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21405 - Use common printing options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
21406 - Solve common problems associated with printing. . . . 144
.o vord Processng lunctons
+ lormattng
22101 - Change line spacing and paragraph spacing . . . . . . . . . 144
22102 - Indent text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22103 - Create bulleted and numbered lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22104 - Insert symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22105 - Use, modify and delete tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22106 - Insert a page break or section break. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22107 - Insert, modify and format page numbers . . . . . . . . . . 144
22108 - Create, modify and format headers and footers . . . . . 144
22109 - Apply borders and shading to text paragraphs . . . . . . 144
22110 - Create and apply styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22111 - Apply AutoFormats (themes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22112 - Use the Format Painter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22113 - Use AutoText . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Tabes and Graphcs
22201 - Create a table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22202 - Select rows and columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22203 - Insert rows and columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22204 - Delete rows and columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22205 - Split cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22206 - Merge cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22207 - Change column width and row height . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22208 - Split tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22209 - Format tables with borders and shading . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22210 - Automatically format tables with Table AutoFormat . . 144
22211 - Insert pictures into a document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22212 - Modify pictures in a document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22213 - Add drawn objects into a document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
22214 - Manipulate drawn objects in a document . . . . . . . . . . 144
.o Spreadsheet lunctons
+ Nodyng vorksheets
23101 - Insert data into cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23102 - Modify data in cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23103 - Fill cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23104 - Insert and delete cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23105 - Insert and delete rows and columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23106 - Insert and delete worksheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23107 - Adjust column width and row height . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23108 - Adjust column width using AutoFit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23109 - Hide and unhide rows and columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
lormuas and lunctons
23201 - Sort worksheet data based on one criteria . . . . . . . . . 144
23202 - Sort worksheet data based on multiple criteria. . . . . . 144
23203 - Insert arithmetic formulas into worksheet cells. . . . . . 144
23204 - Identify frequently used worksheet functions . . . . . . . 144
23205 - Insert formulas that include worksheet functions into cells . 144
23206 - Modify formulas and functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23207 - Use AutoSum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23208 - Identify common errors in formulas and functions . . . 144
23209 - Draw logical conclusions based on worksheet data. . . 144
23210 - Absolute vs. relative cell addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
lormattng vorksheets
23301 - Change number formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23302 - Specify cell borders and shading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23303 - Specify cell alignment (wrapping, rotation, etc.) . . . . . 144
23304 - Create and apply styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23305 - Apply table AutoFormats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23306 - Use the Format Painter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23307 - Insert a page break. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23308 - Create headers and footers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23309 - Set a print area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23310 - Specify scaling for printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23311 - Set gridlines to print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23312 - Specify repeating rows and columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
8
TABlE Ol ONTENTS
( Pctures and harts
23401 - Insert and modify pictures in a worksheet. . . . . . . . . . . 144
23402 - Insert and manipulate drawn objects into a worksheet . 144
23403 - Create a chart based on worksheet data . . . . . . . . . . 144
23404 - Change chart type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23405 - Modify chart elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
23406 - Recognize if a graph accurately represents worksheet data . 144
+.o Networks and the lnternet
++ Network lundamentas
31101 - Identify terminology relating to networks and the Internet . 244
31102 - Identify how networks work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
31103 - Identify the role of servers and clients in a network . . 244
31104 - Identify how clients can connect to a network . . . . . . 244
31105 - Identify benefits of networked computing. . . . . . . . . . 244
31106 - Identify the risks of networked computing . . . . . . . . . 244
+ Networks and the lnternet
31201 - Identify ways the telephone system is used. . . . . . . . . 244
31202 - Identify that the Internet is a network of smaller networks . 244
31203 - Identify that computers get onto the Internet via networks . 244
31204 - Identify how computers connect to the Internet. . . . . 244
31205 - Identify Intranets and Extranets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
.o Eectronc Na
+ How Ema vorks
32101 - Identify how electronic mail works on a network . . . . 244
32102 - Identify how electronic mail works on the Internet. . . 244
32103 - Identify components of an e-mail message . . . . . . . . . 244
32104 - Identify the components of an electronic mail address . 244
32105 - Identify when to use different e-mail options . . . . . . . 244
32106 - Identify attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Usng Ema
32201 - Create an e-mail message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32202 - Fill out an e-mail message form correctly . . . . . . . . . . 244
32203 - Attach a file to an e-mail message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32204 - Delete an attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32205 - Send mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32206 - View mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32207 - Search for mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32208 - Sort mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32209 - Move and copy mail to different folders . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32210 - Select mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32211 - Save mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32212 - Delete mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32213 - Reply to a mail message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32214 - Reply to all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32215 - Forward a mail message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32216 - Use an address book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
32217 - Select mail options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Approprate use o Ema
32301 - Identify the elements of a professional e-mail message . 244
32302 - Identify when to include the original message in a reply . 244
32303 - Identify issues regarding unsolicited e-mail . . . . . . . . . 244
32304 - Identify the appropriate use of informal elements . . . . 244
32305 - Problems associated with the widespread use of e-mail . 244
NODUl E
3
LIVING ONLINE
9
TABlE Ol ONTENTS
Gl OS S ARY
Glossary A-Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
.o Usng the lnternet
+ lnormaton Sources
33101 - Identify mailing lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33102 - Identify bulletin boards/newsgroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33103 - Identify differences between mailing lists and newsgroups . 244
33104 - Identify different elements of a Web site. . . . . . . . . . . 244
33105 - Identify different types of Web sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33106 - Identify online databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Usng a veb Browser
33201 - Identify the make-up of a Web address. . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33202 - Specify a URL in a Web browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33203 - Go to a Web page by using links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33204 - Go to or specify a home page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33205 - Find specific information on a Web site. . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33206 - Add a Web site to your list of Favorites/Bookmarks . . 244
33207 - Manage personal lists of favorite Web sites/Bookmarks. 244
33208 - Save the content of a Web site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33209 - Copy elements of a Web site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33210 - Print a Web page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Searchng the lnternet
33301 - Identify how online search engines and indexes work . 244
33302 - Identify the difference between different search engines. 244
33303 - Search using specified keywords. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33304 - Identify effective key words to use in a search . . . . . . 244
33305 - Search using Boolean search strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
33306 - Identify effective Boolean search strategies . . . . . . . . . 244
33307 - Identify how to evaluate the quality of information found. 244
(.o The lmpact o omputng
and the lnternet on Socety
(+ omputers n Everyday le
34101 - Identify how computers have changed the workplace. 244
34102 - Identify the way computers are used in education . . . 244
34103 - Identify how computers are used in the home. . . . . . 244
34104 - Identify the role of computers in everyday activities . . 244
34105 - Identify the benefits of computers and the Internet . . 244
( Rsks o Usng omputers
34201 - Protecting computer hardware from theft or damage. 244
34202 - Protecting hardware from power irregularity or outages . 244
34203 - Maintaining a safe working environment . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34204 - Proper ergonomics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34205 - Securing your data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34206 - Saving work in progress frequently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34207 - Data backup procedures and strategies . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34208 - Proper use of passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34209 - Identify when information can be considered personal 244
34210 - Protecting against software threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34211 - Protecting against unauthorized computer use . . . . . . 244
( Saety and lega lssues
34301 - Restricting Internet access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34302 - Careful use of passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34303 - Careful use of credit card numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34304 - Copyright rules for online information . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34305 - Protecting your privacy online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
34306 - Legal and ethical issues for online information. . . . . . . 244
10
11
lNTRODUTlON
This book is designed to complement the SkillsPro Internet and Computing Core
Certification (IC3) training course or may be used as a stand alone text book.
Once you have completed your training, it is a valuable source of reference.
Providing you with questions and exercises which apply to everyday tasks. This
gives you the ability to apply what you have learned to practical day-to-day
activities, giving you a greater understanding of how to apply the many different
functions and concepts available to you.
The course is divided into 3 Modules
Module 1 - Computing Fundamentals
Domain 01 - Computer Hardware
Domain 02 - Computer Software
Domain 03 - Using an Operating System
Module 2 - Key Applications
Domain 01 - Common Program Functions
Domain 02 - Word Processing Functions
Domain 03 - Spreadsheet Functions
Module 3 - Living Online
Domain 01 - Network and the Internet
Domain 02 - Electronic Mail
Domain 03 - Using the Internet
Domain 04 - The Impact of Computing and the Internet on Society
Computing Fundamentals
Module 1 explains how each of the different elements that make your computer
system work and how they intereact with each other. It will also give you a
practical breakdown as to how to use your system effectively and how to care for
it so that you gain maximum performance in completing your day to day tasks.
Key Applications
Module 2 looks at the different software programs available to users. The most
common functions required by todays users are Word Processing and
Spreadsheet Functions. Here we take a look in detail at the numerous functions
available to us in a Word Processing software package and also a Spreadsheet
software package.
Living Online
Module 3 gives us an insight into Computer Networks and the impact the internet
has had on the world. It explains in detail how it was discovered, how it works and
how we can use it in our everyday life. You will also learn how to use email and
how computing and the Internet impact our everyday lives.
IC3 has been developed by experts in 19 countries and is an internationally
recognized certificate in computer literacy. The above topics have been taken
from a study of skills required by disciplines such as Government Organization,
Computer Industry Associations, Training Providers, Workforce Services,
Corporations and Academia.
Upon completion of the above, you are then required to take an examination in
each of the modules. When all three examinations have been successfully
completed you will be awarded The Internet and Computing Core Certificate
acknowledging your completion of this course. Your basic computing knowledge
and skills as a confident end user have also given you a stepping stone to more
advanced computer certification, such as CompTIAs A+.
At the back of the book there are a number of exercises based on the type of
questions you will be required to answer in your final examination. These
questions also reflect scenarios where your newly acquired skills can be applied to
every day life. It is good preparation for your examination to follow these
exercises using the rest of the book as a source of reference when you need
some help and guidance.
We hope you enjoy it, best of luck !!
12
13
NODUl E
1
omputer Hardware - +.o
omputer Sotware - .o
Usng an Operatng System - .o
Doman o+ omputer Hardware
In this domain we will take a look at the different types of computers available and how they work. We will
then explain what the different components needed for a personal computer are and how they work
together to make your computer function. Memory has a large part to play in the use of computers. We
will guide you through how your computer uses memory, the different types and how they are best used.
Doman o omputer Sotware
In this domain we will take a look at the knowledge and skills required to identify how software works,
software categories such as operating systems, applications and utilities, popular products in each category,
and which application is best used for a specific purpose.
Doman o Usng an Operatng System
In this domain we will take a look at the most frequently used functions of an operating system. In
particular the elements which provide us with the ability to install and run software, control the workspace
(desktop), perform file management and change system settings (display, date and time settings, etc.). For
purposes of this domain, the operating system covered is Windows, the most popular PC operating system,
with consideration of some elements of DOS as they impact an understanding of Windows.
14
DONAl N
1
Nodue One Doman o+ omputer Hardware
Objectve +.+ - ldenty derent types o computers, how computers
work (process normaton) and how ndvdua computers t nto
arger systems
1.1.1 Identify different types of computers (mainframe, minicomputer, microcomputers, laptop
computers)
1.1.2 Identify different types of microcomputers (PC, Macintosh, workstation)
1.1.3 Identify the role of the central processing unit
1.1.4 Identify how the speed of the microprocessor is measured
1.1.5 Identify the role of different types of memory (RAM, ROM, hard or floppy disk storage)
1.1.6 Identify the flow of information between storage devices (such as floppy or hard disks) to the microprocessor and RAM
1.1.7 Identify how the flow of information within a computer works in relation to everyday computer operations including
(1) starting or "booting" the computer, (2) starting a computer application, (3) creating documents (such as a word-
processing file) and (4) saving and closing files
1.1.8 Identify how information is transferred from one computer to another
1.1.9 Identify how large systems work (centralized data processing and storage)
1.1.10 Identify how computers integrate into larger systems (terminals or microcomputers connected to mini or mainframe
systems, networks or the Internet)
1.1.11 Identify how computers share resources
Objectve +. - ldenty the uncton o computer hardware components and common
probems assocated wth ndvdua components
1.2.1 Identify external components (monitor, mouse, keyboard, etc.)
1.2.2 Identify internal components (microprocessor, video card, etc.)
1.2.3 Identify input devices (keyboard, mouse, joystick, microphone, etc.)
1.2.4 Identify storage devices (hard disk, CD ROM, floppy)
1.2.5 Identify output devices (monitor, printer, speakers, etc.)
1.2.6 Identify ports used to connect input and output devices to a computer
1.2.7 Identify and be able to solve common problems associated with computer components
Objectve +. - ldenty ssues reatng to computer perormance and how t s aected by
derent components o the computer
1.3.1 Identify microprocessor speed and how it affects performance
1.3.2 Identify how the amount of RAM in a computer affects performance
1.3.3 Identify how storage devices affect performance
1.3.4 Identify other factors that affect performance (video capacity, network or modem connection speed, etc.)
Objectve +.( - ldenty the actors that go nto a decson on how to purchase a computer or
seect a computer or work or schoo.
1.4.1 Identify when large systems (such as mini or mainframe computers) are more appropriate for a particular job than a
microcomputer
1.4.2 Identify how to select the right type of computer (PC, Macintosh, workstation) based on the purpose for which the
computer will be used
1.4.3 Identify how to decide between a desktop or laptop/notebook computer
1.4.4 Identify hardware considerations (processor speed, hard disk size, monitor type, etc.)
1.4.5 Identify software considerations (operating system, pre-packaged applications and utilities, etc.)
1.4.6 Identify integration considerations (network connection or modem, how the computer will
interact with larger systems such as networks and the Internet)
1.4.7 Identify how price is impacted by different hardware, software and integration factors
1.4.8 Warranties, support agreements and other considerations for buying a computer
lDENTllY THE ROlE Ol DlllERENT TYPES Ol NENORY
15
11105
CD-ROMs are now becoming just as popular as Floppy Disks for storing information.
Sometimes you can improve the performance of your computer by increasing the RAM. You can increase the RAM
in your computer by purchasing additional RAM chips and having them installed on the motherboard.
2: ROM, Read-Only Memory, contains data that
can be read, but not overwritten. ROM contains
the programmed data that allows your
computer to run basic system functions, such as
start up. The data in ROM is not lost when the
computer power is turned off. A small
long-life battery inside the computer
sustains the ROM.
3: The Hard Disk is the main storage device. It
may usually be accessed via
Drive C. Programs and data
files are stored on the Hard
Disk. It has a high storage
capacity, usually several billion
bytes, on average 20 billion bytes, or
20 gigabytes.
1: RAM, Random Access Memory, is the
computers primary working memory. RAM is
volatile; data stored in RAM only remains there
for as long as the computer is running. When
the computer is powered off, the data is erased,
unless it has been saved on to the Hard Disk. A
typical computer may come with 64 million
bytes of RAM in the form of separate microchip
units that plug into slots in the computer's
motherboard. These slots are connected to the
processor.
4: A Floppy Disk is a thin, plastic, flexible disk,
3.5 inches in diameter, which is protected by a
hard plastic case. Floppy Disks may be used for
backing-up information stored on the hard
drive, or for copying or moving information
from one computer to another.
Floppy Disks typically have a
storage capacity of 1.44 million
bytes, or 1.44 megabytes.
The Floppy Drive, Drive A, is
usually located at the front of the
computer.
There are many different types of memory in a
computer we are going to take a look at how to identify
the role of different types of memory. These include:
RAM - ROM - Hard Disk storage - Floppy Disk storage
lDENTllY PROBlENS lN SOlTvARE ODE (BUGS)
16
12106
In this task, you will identify problems in software code,
commonly referred to as bugs, and how they are identified
and fixed as part of the software development process.
2: Minor bugs, for example a cursor that does
not behave as expected, can be inconvenient or
annoying, but not damaging to information.
Major bugs can cause a program to hang, which
means that it stops responding to commands.
When this happens, the program may have to
restart, losing whatever work that has not been
saved.
3: Because of the possible risk to essential data,
commercial application programs are tested and
debugged as completely as possible before
release.
Minor bugs found after the program has been
made available are corrected when the next
version of the software is released.
Serious bugs can sometimes be fixed with
special software, called patches, which
circumvent the problem or otherwise lessen its
effects.
1: In computer software, a bug is an error in
coding or logic that causes a program to
malfunction or to produce incorrect results.
The seriousness of a bug can vary greatly. Bugs
may generally be classified as major or minor. In
either case, the programmer must find and
correct the error by the process known as
debugging.
UTlllTY PROGRANS
17
12210
Introduction: In this task, you will learn about utility
programs and identify different categories of utility
software such as compression programs, virus detectors,
and disk-maintenance programs.
2: Compression software is
used to reduce the size of
data files in order to save
space or transmission time.
Compression programs use a coded
formula or algorithm to compress and
decompress data.
When e-mailing large files, compressing the files
prior to sending may speed up transmission.
WinZip and 123Zip are popular file-
compression programs.
1: Utility software is software specifically developed to
solve problems related to computer system
management.
There are many different categories of utility software.
These include compression, virus detection, and disk-
maintenance programs.
4: Disk-maintenance programs are used to free
up hard disk space, check the hard disk for
problems, and make computer programs run
faster.
Disk-maintenance programs incorporate:
- Disk de-fragmentation programs.
- Disk clean-up programs.
- Hard Disk error-checking programs.
6: Disk clean-up programs
free up space on your hard
drive, by searching the hard
drive and listing temporary and
unnecessary files that you can
safely delete.
7: Error-checking
programs, such as
ScanDisk, check your hard
disk for logical and physical
errors. If damaged files are found, a
repair process is initiated. However,
the repair process can only repair
certain types of errors, so remember
to keep a back-up of your work!
5: Disk de-fragmentation programs rearrange
files and unused space on your hard disk so that
programs run faster and
more efficiently.
8: Utility software can usually be scheduled to
run automatically at regular intervals. If a
scheduling facility is available on your utility
software, it is advisable to make use
of it. This will help ensure that
your computer always
performs at its best.
3: Virus-detection software is used to detect the
existence of a virus on a computer. Such software can
recognize the characteristics of a virus and check the
computer's files for those characteristics.
Because new viruses are continually being developed,
virus-detection software must be
updated regularly.
Popular virus-detection programs
include Norton Anti-Virus, Dr.
Solomon, and McAfee.
18
19
NODUl E
2
ommon Program lunctons - +.o
vord Processng lunctons - .o
Spreadsheet lunctons - .o
Doman o+ ommon Program lunctons
In this domain we will look at the knowledge and skills required to perform functions common to all Microsoft
Windows applications with an emphasis on the common functionality between the two Microsoft Office
applications, Microsoft Word and Excel. Elements include the ability to start and exit either the Word or
Excel application, modify the display of toolbars and other on-screen elements, use online help, and perform
file management, editing, formatting and printing functions common to Word, Excel and most Windows
applications.
Doman o vord Processng lunctons
In the previous Domain we looked at functions used in common programs, in this domain we will take a look
at the knowledge and skills required to perform functions specific to creating documents with a word
processor. Elements include paragraph formatting (including line spacing, indenting and creating bulleted or
numbered lists), document formatting (including headers and footers), applying styles and other automatic
formatting options, creating tables, applying borders and shading to text and tables, and inserting graphics
into documents.
Doman .o Spreadsheet lunctons
As in word processing, we are going to take a look at the knowledge and skills required to analyze information
in an electronic worksheet and to format information using functions specific to spreadsheet formatting.
Elements include the ability to use formulas and functions, sort data, modify the structure of an electronic
worksheet, and edit and format data in worksheet cells. Elements also include the ability to display
information graphically using charts, and to analyze worksheet data as it appears in tables or graphs.
20
DONAl N
1
Nodue Two Doman o+ ommon Program lunctons
Objectve +.+ - Be abe to start and ext a vndows appcaton and utze sources o onne hep
1.1.1 Start a Windows application
1.1.2 Exit a Windows application
1.1.3 Identify and prioritize help resources (online, documentation, help desk, etc.)
1.1.4 Access online help
1.1.5 Use help search functionality
1.1.6 Access Internet-based help functionality
Objectve +. - ldenty common on-screen eements o vndows appcatons, change
appcaton settngs and manage es wthn an appcaton
1.2.1 Identify on-screen elements common to Windows applications (pull-down menus, toolbars, scroll bars, title bar, status
bar, application window, document windows, mouse pointer, etc.)
1.2.2 Display or hide toolbars
1.2.3 Switch between open documents
1.2.4 Change views
1.2.5 Change magnification level
1.2.6 Create new files
1.2.7 Create new files based on pre-existing templates
1.2.8 Open files
1.2.9 Save files
1.2.10 Save files in different locations, names, file formats
1.2.11 Identify and solve common problems relating to working with files (identify why files cannot be opened, resolve file
incompatibility issues, etc.)
Objectve +. - Perorm common edtng and ormattng unctons
1.3.1 Navigate around open files with scroll bars, keyboard shortcuts, or the Go To command
1.3.2 Select information
1.3.3 Clear selected information
1.3.4 Cut selected information
1.3.5 Copy selected information
1.3.6 Paste cut or copied information
1.3.7 Use the Undo, Redo and Repeat commands
1.3.8 Find information
1.3.9 Replace information
1.3.10 Check spelling
1.3.11 Change fonts
1.3.12 Change text color
1.3.13 Apply text effects (superscript, subscript, etc.)
1.3.14 Change text orientation (left, right, center, justify)
Objectve +.( - Perorm common prntng unctons
1.4.1 Set margins
1.4.2 Change paper size and orientation
1.4.3 Preview a file before printing
1.4.4 Print files
1.4.5 Use common printing options (number of pages, number of copies, printer, etc.)
1.4.6 Identify and solve common problems associated with printing
HANGE NAGNlllATlON lEVEl
100% display size will represent what your printout will look like.
You can also alter the size of your screen by using the zoom button on the standard toolbar.
In this task you will learn how to use the page view magnification
tool/zoom tool. A magnification can be achieved between 10% &
400% to reduce or enlarge the display of the active document.
Changing the zoom does not affect printing, as the worksheet will
print the text size that has been set.
Using the zoom option in the View Menu we are going to display
the screen at 200%.
3: Select a number between 25% & 200%.
In this case
- Select 200%.
- Click OK.
4: Although the text in Cash Flow now
appears magnified on screen, it will still
print out at its original size.
1: Click View.
2: Click Zoom.
5: Similarly, if you reduced the screen
display to 25% the printout would still
reflect the original size of the text.
To Close the Workbook
- Click File.
- Click Close.
3
21
21205
5
1
2
REATE A HART BASED ON vORKSHEET DATA
22
You can also find the chart wizard on the menu bar in Insert, Chart.
Keep charts simple to make them easy to read and effective at communicating the relevant data.
2: Chart Type:
Select the type of
chart you want.
In this case
- Click Column
Chart
- Click Next.
3: Chart
Source Data:
here you can
see
confirmation of
the range that
you selected for
the chart
=Sheet1$A$2:
$F$6
- Click Next.
5: Chart Location: here you specify if you
want the chart on the same sheet as the data,
or on a separate sheet.
When you have specified the location
- Click Finish.
1: Click the Chart Wizard on the toolbar
and follow the instructions to step through
the process of choosing the Chart Type
and the various Chart Options.
4: Chart Options: here you can change the
options for the chart. There are six tabs. By
clicking on each tab, you get the options for that
tab.
In this case
- Click on the Titles tab.
- Type Chart 1 in the Chart Title field and click
Next.
5
4
3
2
1
In this task you will learn how to produce different types of Charts
from spreadsheet figures to analyze data: -
- Column Charts - Bar Charts - Pie Charts - Line Charts.
A Column Chart shows changes over a period of time or comparisons
among items. A Bar Chart illustrates comparisons between different items. A Pie
Chart shows the proportional size of items that make up a data series to the sum
of the items. It always shows only one data series and is useful when you want to
emphasize a significant element. A Line Chart, often referred to as a trend graph,
shows trends in data at equal intervals.
We are going to create a Column Chart using a Microsoft Excel Worksheet. Firstly select the data in the
worksheet that you want to use. In this chart we are going to select A2:F6. Follow the instructions below:
23403
HANGE HART TYPE
23
If you have to alter fonts hold down the CTRL key and select each title and then make changes to the text.
This will change all of your text at once.
Sometimes, when you have created a chart, you may want to change the
type of chart.
We are going to change a column chart to a bar chart. Follow the instructions below:
4: When you have changed the type, you may
need to alter the fonts or legend if the
information becomes distorted.
1: To change the Column Chart to a Bar Chart
- Click on the Chart to select it.
- Click Chart on the menu bar.
2: Click Chart Type.
3: Click Bar Chart.
- Click Finish.
3
23404
1
2
24
25
NODUl E
3
Networks and the lnternet - +.o
Eectronc Na - .o
Usng the lnternet - .o
Doman o+ Networks and the lnternet
In this domain we are going to take a look at the knowledge and skills required to identify common
terminology associated with computer networks and the Internet, components and benefits of networked
computers, the difference between different types of networks (LAN and WAN), and how computer
networks fit into other communications networks (like the telephone network).
Doman o Eectronc Na
In this domain we are going to take a look at the skills required to identify how electronic mail works and
how to construct an e-mail address. Microsoft Outlook is an electronic mail software package which we are
going to learn how to use and also how to communicate effectively through electronic mail. In other words
the netiquette of electronic mailing.
Doman o Usng the lnternet
In this domain we are going to take a look at the knowledge and skills required to identify information and
resources that are available on the Internet and use a Web browsing application. We are going to give you
the ability to identify and know the difference between online resources (mailing lists, bulletin
boards/newsgroups, Web pages, online databases, search engines, indexes, and commercial Web sites) and
how to determine the quality of information found online. We will also tell you how to use one of the many
Web browsing application such as Microsoft Internet Explorer to browse the Internet.
26
DONAl N
1
Nodue Three Doman o+ Networks and the lnternet
Objectve +.+ - Network lundamentas
31101 Identify terminology relating to networks and the Internet
31102 Identify how networks work
31103 Identify the role of servers and clients in a network
31104 Identify how clients can connect to a network
31105 Identify benefits of networked computing
31106 Identify the risks of networked computing
Objectve +. - Networks and the lnternet
31201 Identify ways the telephone system is used
31202 Identify that the Internet is a network of smaller networks
31203 Identify that computers get onto the Internet via networks
31204 Identify how computers connect to the Internet
27
31202
2: The Internet is often referred to
as a network of networks. The term
universally refers to an
interconnection of government,
education, and business computer
networks that is accessible to
everyone, all over the world.
3: Internets are created by connecting Local Area
Networks through special computers on each
network. These computers are known as gateways.
These gateways connect through various
communication methods, such as the telephone
lines, optical fibers, and radio links. More networks
can be added by linking to new gateways.
1: The Internet is an interconnection of
computer networks that allows connected
computers to communicate directly with
each other.
lDENTllY THAT THE lNTERNET lS A
NETvORK Ol SNAllER NETvORKS
In this task, you will identify that the Internet is a
super network of smaller computer networks.
We are going to explain what the internet is, who uses
it and how it distributes its information to users.
lDENTllY HOv ElETRONl NAll vORKS ON A NETvORK
28
32102
2: When you send an e-mail message, your
computer routes it to an SMTP server. The
server looks at the e-mail address and forwards
it to the recipient's mail server. Once the
message arrives at the destination mail server, it
is stored until the recipient opens it.
1: To send e-mail over the Internet, you need a
connection to the Internet and access to a mail
server that forwards your mail to its destination.
The standard protocol (set of rules) used for
sending e-mail over the Internet is called SMTP,
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It works in
conjunction with POP, Post Office Protocol,
which controls the recipients end of the
transfer.
Always check if your mail has actually been sent. If it hasnt the SMTP server will send you an error message.
Double check your e-mail addresses to ensure they are correct before you send them to the destination mail
server.
In this task, you will identify how electronic mail
works on the Internet.
We are going to take a look at the different
stages an e-mail message goes through to reach its
destination and the tools you need to send one.
SEARH USlNG SPElllED KEYvORDS
29
33303
1: Internet Explorer is open at www.google.com.
In the search box:
- Type Mozart
- Press return on your keyboard and wait for
the results.
The results bring up a number of different links
to related sites.
Click on the 1st link to read the web page.
The more specific your search is the easier it will be to find the informaiton you need.
In this task you will learn how to use a key word in
a search.
We are going to use the search engine www.google.com
to search for a hotel to stay in on our next trip to
New York. Follow the instructions below:
Opera & Mozart
Absoute e Reerence
In spreadsheet applications an absolute cell reference always
refers to the same cell or group of cells irrespective of any
changes made to the organization of a spreadsheet. For
example, the reference $A$3 always refers to cell column A row
3 no matter what changes are made to the structure of the
spreadsheet. This definition should be contrasted with the
definition for relative cell references.
Acton Bar
The Action Bar appears beneath the row of SmartIcons. It
displays buttons that perform specific actions associated with the
active form or view.
Actve vndow
The Active Window is the area on the Desktop that is currently
being used and which usually contains a file or an application.
Agnment
Text in a document can be aligned evenly to the left or right
margin, or centered between the margins. When text is aligned
evenly to both the left and right margins, such as in newspapers,
it is justified.
AlT
The ALT (or Alternative) key on the keyboard is
used in conjunction with other keys and mouse
actions to perform various commands and functions.
Anaogue
A process of storing information, used by most audiocassettes
and videocassettes. An analogue device uses a physical quantity,
such as length or voltage, to represent the value of a number. By
contrast, digital storage depends on a coding structure of
numeric units.
Annversary
Use the Anniversary option to schedule and keep track of
events, such as birthdays and weddings.
Ant-Vrus Programs
Software that can detect a known virus on a computer disk.
Appcaton
The use to which a data processing system is put within a given
discipline, such as a word processing application, a spreadsheet
application or a database application.
Appcaton Sotware
A group of programs used for the various tasks that you carry
out on the computer, such as writing letters, doing accounts,
drawing pictures, surfing the Internet.
Appcaton vndow
The window that is displayed when all files are closed and the
application is still open.
Appontment
Use the Appointment option on the New Calendar Entry form
to schedule an appointment or meeting in your Calendar.
Archve
A file with a structure that allows storage of several files within it
in such a way that the names of the files can be listed and files
can be independently added and deleted.
Argument
The passing of variable textual, numerical or logical data to a
discrete piece of computer code for processing by the receiving
computer code. Argument is also known as a parameter. For
example, if SQRT is a computer code that calculates the square
root of a number then SQRT(25) would calculate the value 5.
The value 25 is the argument.
Arrange Prevew
Use the Arrange Preview option under the View menu to specify
where you want the preview pane displayed; for example, on the
bottom, right-side or bottom-right corner of the screen.
Attachment
An Attachment is a computer file that you send with
an e-mail.
Attrbutes
An inherent but changeable property of a program such as the
color of a display screen.
Authorzaton
Permission to log on to a computer .
Autoshapes
A group of ready-made shapes that include such
basic shapes as rectangles and circles, plus a variety
of lines, block arrows, flowchart symbols, stars,
banners and callouts.
Backspace
A keyboard operation that erases the character
one place to the left.
Backup
To make a copy of a file to another location in
case of future failure or corruption of the hard disk.
Bandwdth
A piece of the spectrum occupied by some type of signal, such as
television, voice, fax data, etc. Signals require a certain size and
location of bandwidth in order to be transmitted. The higher the
bandwidth, the faster the signal transmission thus allowing for a
more complex signal such as audio or video.
Baud
The speed at which a modem can transmit data. It is measured
in bits per second - bps. The speed of the modem determines
how fast it can send and receive messages, or connect to the
internet.
Bnary Number
A number written using binary notation, which only uses zeros
and ones.
30
GlOSSARY
A - B
B
A
GlOSSARY
C - D
Bt
Binary Digit, either 0 or 1. The smallest unit of storage on a
computer.
Bod
A way of emphasizing text in darker type on a computer
screen or printout.
Bootng
The warm up process when the computer is powered on.
Bps
Bits per second, the speed at which bits are transmitted.
Browser
A software tool used to surf the Internet, such as Microsoft
Internet Explorer.
Busness ard lorm
Use the Business Card Form to enter information regarding a
new contact so that it can be displayed as a document in the
Personal Address Book.
Byte
Comprised of 8 bits, stores one character of information, which
could be a letter, a single number, a space between words,
punctuation marks such as full stop, comma, colon or semi colon,
etc.
abe
A set of wires connecting pieces of computer hardware.
AD
Computer Aided Design, used by designers such as architects
and engineers.
aendar
A Calendar is a feature in an application that allows you to
schedule and track events, such as meetings, anniversaries and
tasks. The Calendar also can be used to track and schedule
events for other members of your organization.
aendar Proe
This defines how you want to use the Calendar and scheduling
features. The Calendar Profile is where you can set options, such
as when people can schedule you for meetings and whether you
want others to be able to view your calendar entries.
BT
Computer Based Training, the learner sits at a computer and
interacts with the instruction program; can be used for virtually
any kind of subject.
D
A compact disc [sometimes spelled disk] (CD) is a small,
portable, round medium made of molded polymer (close in size
to the floppy disk) for electronically recording, storing, and
playing back audio, video, text, and other information in digital
form. Tape cartridges and CDs generally replaced the
phonograph record for playing back music. At home, CDs have
tended to replace the tape cartridge although the latter is still
widely used in cars and portable playback devices.
Initially, CDs were read-only, but newer technology allows users
to record as well. CDs will probably continue to be popular for
music recording and playback. A newer technology, the digital
versatile disc (DVD), stores much more in the same space and is
used for playing back movies.
D-R
(for compact disc, recordable) is a type of write once, read many
(worm) compact disc (CD) format that allows one-time
recording on a disc. Prior to the release of CD-Rs, CDs had
been read-only audio (CD-Digital Audio, to be played in CD
players, and multimedia (CD-ROM), to be played in computers'
CD-ROM drives. Any user with a CD recorder drive can create
their own CDs from their desktop computers.
D-RON
(Compact Disc, read-only-memory) is an adaptation of the CD
that is designed to store computer data in the form of text and
graphics, as well as hi-fi stereo sound. The original data format
standard was defined by Philips and Sony in the 1983 Yellow
Book. Other standards are used in conjunction with it to define
directory and file structures, including ISO 9660, HFS (Hierarchal
File System, for Macintosh computers), and Hybrid HFS-ISO.
Format of the CD-ROM is the same as for audio CDs: a standard
CD is 120 mm (4.75 inches) in diameter and 1.2 mm (0.05
inches) thick and is composed of a polycarbonate plastic
substrate (underlayer - this is the main body of the disc), one or
more thin reflective metal (usually aluminum) layers, and a
lacquer coating.
D-Rv
(for compact disc, rewriteable) is a compact disc (CD) format
that allows repeated recording on a disc. Prior to the release of
the CD-RW, CDs had been read-only audio (CD-Digital Audio),
to be played in CD players, and multimedia (CD-ROM), to be
played in computers' CD-ROM drives. Any user with a CD
Recorder drive can create their own CDs from their desktop
computers. CD-RW drives can write both CD-R and CD-RW
discs and can read any type of CD.
haracter
Any symbol, alphabetic, numeric or punctuation, which can be
entered to a computer.
hp
A small piece of semi-conductive matter, usually based on silicon,
used in the production of electronic components.
pboard
Small application that temporarily stores information,
which has been cut or copied.
ommand
A request to carry out a task.
ommand lne lnterace
When the computer is powered on, instructions are typed on to
the screen following a series of prompts.
ommuncatons lne
A physical channel, such as a wire or a microwave beam, used to
send out data.
ondton
Used with views to sort documents based on specific criteria e.g.
use by author criteria to only include documents that are
created by a specific person.
ontro Key
A special key on a computer keyboard, usually Ctrl, which can be
used in combination with alphabetic keys to enter commands.
31
C
opy
A utility that reads data from a source, leaving the source data
unchanged and writes it to another source.
opyrght
Required for the use of most software programs.
PU
Central Processing Unit, also referred to as the processor or
microprocessor, is a piece of hardware inside the computer case.
It interprets and carries out instructions, performs calculations,
administers the flow of information through the computer
system and provides the processing power.
rash
When the computer system stops working for some reason and
must be restarted. See also hang.
ursor
A symbol on a display screen that indicates the position at which
the next character entered will be displayed. The symbol often
blinks so that it can be easily noticed.
ursor ontro Keys
The keys used to position the cursor on a computer screen, with
arrows indicating the direction of movement.
Data
Information suitable for communication, interpretation or
processing by a computer.
Data artrdges
Tapes that are used for storing information. They are inserted to
a tape drive, which is connected to the computer by a cable. A
Data Cartridge can store up to 4 billion bytes of information.
Data Entry
The entry of data into a computer.
Data Processng
The methodical execution of operations on data,
for example, handling, merging, sorting and computing.
Data Protecton Act
Applies to personal information held on computer, gives rights
to individuals regarding information kept on computers about
them; puts responsibilities on those who keep personal
information on computers.
Database
Compiles lists of information, such as lists of names and
addresses; specific information can easily be extracted from a
database.
Database Appcatons
Organize large amounts of data - for instance a medical or dental
practice maintaining a list of patients and dates of their visits,
details of their addresses, age and other details. Microsoft Access
and Lotus Approach are database applications.
Deaut
A software function or procedure that occurs automatically, such
as a default printer, unless the user requests a different operation
or function.
Deegaton Proe
Use this to define who can access your Calendar and schedule
meetings or appointments for you. You can specify whether
others can read your mail.
Deete Key
Deletes data to the right of the cursor, or blocks
of selected data; also deletes files and folders.
Desktop
A computer display area that corresponds to the type of objects
on a real desktop such as documents, address book, reference
sources, writing tools and project folders.
Da-Up
To connect to a computer by using the telephone.
Dgta
Used to describe information that can be represented by a
collection of bits. Digital signals are made up of separate units,
usually represented by a series of 1s and 0s. Information on a
computer is stored in digital form.
Drectory
A storage place of files and other directories; referred to in
Windows as a folder.
Dscusson Thread Vew
Use this in the Mail database to list messages by discussion.
Messages that were replies to other messages will be listed in
the order that the conversation took place.
Dskette
Also referred to as Floppy disk; a small, flat, floppy magnetic disk
for storing data.
Document
Data recorded; for example, a report sheet or book.
Doman
In Lotus Notes this is defined as the group of servers and users
who use the same public address book. Your domain is
determined by which server your mailbox is on.
DOS
Disk Operating System. A Microsoft program that manages a
computers transfer of data to and from a hard or floppy disk.
Dot-Natrx Prnter
A printer that strikes the paper one line at a time
through a ribbon. It is less expensive and produces
lower quality print than inkjet or laser printers.
Down
A computer is down when it is not functioning. It may be shut
down for maintenance, hardware failure or failure of the
operating system or user program.
Downoad
The transfer of information from a computer system, such as the
Internet, to the users system.
Downtme
The time interval during which equipment is not running.
Drag And Drop
A process which allows a user to specify the input file to an
application by dragging the icon representing the file onto the
applications icon and dropping it there.
Drve
A generic term used to distinguish the equipment that serves as a
player or recorder for a storage medium, such as the Hard Disk
drive, the Floppy drive, etc.
32
GlOSSARY
D - E
D
GlOSSARY
E - F
Drop Down lst
This is a list of choices that become available by clicking a text
box or its adjacent down arrow.
DTP
Desk Top Publishing. Software used to produce publication
quality reports, brochures and other documentation literally
from a desktop. Enables you to lay out text and graphics on the
screen and see what the results will be like when printed.
Desktop Publishing applications include: Quark XPress, Corel
Ventura, Adobe PageMaker and Microsoft Publisher.
Dumb Termna
Does not contain a processor and is typically capable of
displaying only characters and numbers and responding to simple
control codes.
DVD
(digital versatile disc) is an optical disc technology that is
expected to rapidly replace the CD-ROM disc (as well as the
audio compact disc) over the next few years. The digital versatile
disc (DVD) holds 4.7 gigabyte of information on one of its two
sides, or enough for a 133-minute movie. With two layers on
each of its two sides, it will hold up to 17 gigabytes of video,
audio, or other information. (Compare this to the current CD-
ROM disc of the same physical size, holding 600 megabyte. The
DVD can hold more than 28 times as much information!)
EDl
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) allows for direct transmission
of data between organizations, from one application to another
without human intervention.
Edt
To enter, change or erase data.
Edtor
A program that permits the review and editing of the contents of
a file, such as Windows Notepad.
Eectronc ommerce
The method by which goods and services are bought and sold
electronically on the Internet.
E-Na
Electronic mail. Information exchanged by electronic means,
usually using the telephone lines and a modem.
Ema Address
Defines the location of a persons mailbox on the Internet.
Embedded
An embedded object is an object fixed firmly in a surrounding
mass. In computing terms embedded refers to a piece of
computer code, a graphical image, a URL or some other
computing object that is contained within a larger application.
Examples are web-site addresses being embedded in an Internet
page or a Microsoft PowerPoint slide being embedded in a
Microsoft Word document.
Enabe Aarm Notcatons
Use this option in the Calendar Profile to automatically have
Lotus Notes remind you of an upcoming entry that is scheduled
in your Calendar.
Encryptabe leds
These fields can be coded so that only someone with the proper
decoder can decipher them. Red brackets indicate encryptable
fields.
Enter Key
A special key on a keyboard used to transmit a line or screen of
data from a display screen to a computer. Often
used interchangeably with the Return key.
Erase
To remove data.
Error Nessage
A message that reports the discovery of an error.
Event
Use the Event option on the New Calendar Entry form to
schedule an event, such as a conference in your Calendar. Events
are scheduled for the entire day as opposed to a specific time of
the day.
Execute
To decipher a computer command and carry out the operations
given in the command.
lAO
Frequently Asked Questions. A collection of frequently asked
questions on a given subject, often on a web site .
lavortes Portoo
This is set-up by default and includes the Mail, Address Book,
Calendar, To do and Journal databases.
lax
A system for the electrical transmission of printed material and is
usually sent by telephone cables. Faxes can be sent either from a
fax machine, or from a computer, using a modem and the
telephone line.
led
The smallest data component in a record; a specified area used
for a particular category of data; for example, columns used to
represent a particular item of data.
le
A collection of any form of data, text, numbers or graphics that is
stored on a computer.
le lormat
The category of file, such as word processing, spreadsheet; the
format is represented as a three-letter extension at the end of
the filename, e.g. .doc, .txt
le Server
A computer that stores software, administrative tools and other
data on a network. It sends this information to other computers
on the network when users enter their user ID and password.
33
E
F
loppy Dsk
A diskette is a random access, removable data storage medium
that can be used with personal computers. The term usually
refers to the magnetic medium housed in a rigid plastic cartridge
measuring 3.5 inches square and about 2 millimeters thick. Also
called a "3.5-inch diskette," it can store up to 1.44 megabytes
(MB) of data. Although many personal computers today
come with a 3.5-inch diskette drive pre-installed,
some notebook computers and centrally-
administered desktop computers omit them.
Some older computers provide drives for magnetic
diskettes that are 5.25 inches square, about 1
millimeter thick, and capable of holding 1.2
megabytes of data. These were sometimes called "floppy disks"
or "floppies" because their housings are flexible. In recent years,
5.25-inch diskettes have been largely replaced by 3.5-inch
diskettes, which are physically more rugged. Many people also
call the newer hard-cased diskette a "floppy."
loder
Where files are stored on the computer. Also
referred to as a Directory.
lont
A set of uniform size, shape or style of printer characters,
including alphabetic and numeric characters and other signs and
symbols.
looter
Text that appears at the bottom of every page or slide.
lorm
A template used to create a document by allowing the user to
insert information into predefined fields.
lorm leed
The feature that automatically advances paper to the top of the
next page when printing.
lormat
The distinct arrangement of information that is recorded on a
computer, displayed on a visual display unit or printed on a page.
Used as a verb, it means to prepare a disk so that it is ready to
store data.
lreeware
Software that is freely available, with no license fee.
lTP
File Transfer Protocol. A program that allows for file transfers
over the Internet.
luncton Keys
The function keys are usually located across the top of the
keyboard, starting from F1 to F12. They give instructions to the
computer, whereas other keys produce letters, numbers,
punctuation, etc.
GB
Gigabyte, approximately one billion bytes.
Gll
(Pronounced jiff or giff - hard g) Graphic Interchange Format: a
graphics file format used by, for example, the World Wide Web.
Graphc
A computer-generated picture.
Graphcs ard
Located inside the computer case, generates the text and images
to the screen. The monitor is connected to the graphics card by
a cable.
Group Type
Use this to specify what type of mailing list you are creating e.g.
can be for mail only, access control list only, deny access list only
or a combination of the three.
Group vorkng
Several people share information, applications, files and
equipment such as printers and scanners, at one time.
GUl
(Pronounced goo-ee) Graphical User Interface - what appears on
the screen when you switch on a PC with a Windows Operating
System or an Apple Macintosh computer.
Hacker
Term used to refer to an individual who is able to break into a
computer system either by entering the organization physically
and accessing one of the PC workstations or else by dialing in via
a modem.
Hang
When a computer does not respond to keyboard commands.
Hard opy
A printed copy of text, numbers or graphics from a computer.
Hard Dsk
The main storage device, is located inside the
computer case, has a high capacity of storage space,
usually several billion bytes.
Hardware
The electronic components and devices that make up the
computer, which includes the boards inside the computer case
and devices connected to the computer such as the keyboard,
mouse and printer.
Header
The text that appears at the top of every page or slide.
Hep
Users in need of assistance can use the Help menu in Windows
applications. Help can also be obtained by clicking the ? in
Windows application dialog boxes.
Hotspots
Lotus Notes Hotspots are single-click shortcuts that can be used
to display pop up text, perform an action or act as a hyperlink.
HTNl
Hypertext Markup Language. A standard of codes used to create
Web pages.
34
GlOSSARY
G - I
G
H
GlOSSARY
J - L
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Protocol used for network file
transfers on the World Wide Web.
Hypernk
A button or highlighted text that links to related text or graphics.
Hypermeda
Media, such as text, graphics, video and audio that contains
hyperlinks, usually on the Internet.
Hypertext
The basis of the World Wide Web, whereby a user can select
text or graphics within the document to connect to further
information.
lcons
Pictures on the screen or toolbar that represent various
commands, files or folders.
lnbox
The mailbox that holds incoming e-mails.
lnbox loder
Receptacle for incoming e-mail.
lndent
Moves a paragraph to a specific point from the margin.
lnormaton Socety
Refers to the availability of information on a worldwide basis, due
to increased computerization and improvements in
telecommunications.
lnormaton Superhghway
The availability and use of information and communication by
means of computers and computer networks.
lnormaton Technoogy
All forms of technology used to create, store, exchange and use
information in its various forms, such as text, voice and images;
includes both computer technology and
telecommunications.
lnkjet Prnter
Produces text and images by spraying ink
from cartridge at very close range to the
paper as it rolls by.
lnput
As a verb, to enter information, instructions, text, numbers etc
to a computer.
lnput Devce
Used for inputting information, such as the keyboard, mouse and
microphone.
lnserton Pont
Place where text or graphic will appear in the document.
lntegent Termna
Has its own memory and processor; this means that it can
perform certain functions independent of the mainframe
processor.
lnternet
An interconnection of computer networks, which enables
connected machines to communicate directly with each other.
lnvtaton
This option in the New Calendar Entry Dialog box is used to
send an invitation to another person or group of people to
request their attendance at a meeting.
lR
Internet Relay Chat. An on-line group discussion or internet chat
line.
lSDN
Integrated Services Digital Network, provides hardware and
software for high-speed connection to the Internet. An ISDN
line can transfer information at four times the speed of a
modem.
lSO
International Standards Organization. International standard
making group, which sets standards for matters such as software
development and terminology.
lSP
Internet Service Provider. An organization that provides access to
the Internet. You need an account with an ISP to connect to the
Internet.
Joystck
An input device used mostly for playing computer games.
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group. A graphics file
format used often for displaying photographs.
Justy
To align text in a document with even margins on the right and
left, such as in newspaper columns.
KB
Kilobyte 1,024 bytes, often used to refer to 1,000 bytes; the
equivalent of about half page of single spaced typewritten text.
Keyboard
The main input device for data.
35
I
J
K
lAN
Local Area Network, connects PCs together in one building.
laptop
Sometimes referred to as a notebook computer,
is a small, lightweight, portable PC.
laser Prnter
Uses a laser beam reflected from a mirror to
attract ink, which is called toner, to the paper as a sheet rolls
over a drum inside it.
legend
In presentation graphics, a legend consists of words and
sometimes graphics that explain the symbols used in the
presentation.
letterhead
Lotus Notes comes with a variety of graphical designs called
letterheads, that can be applied to mail messages. When one is
selected it will appear at the top of every e-mail message until it
is changed.
lght Pen
An input device that uses a light-sensitive detector to select
objects on a screen. A light pen is similar to a mouse except that
with a light pen you select objects by directly pointing to them
with the pointer of the pen.
lnk
The connections between data in different documents or
different applications. For example, in spreadsheet programs,
linking refers to the ability of one worksheet to take data for
particular cells from another worksheet. This means that two or
more files are linked by common cells.
lst Box
Box that contains a list of available choices, such as files or field
names.
logn Or logon
The opening series of keystrokes used to connect to a computer
system.
logo
To leave a network system.
lotus Notes Domno Server
This is a computer that stores information that other computers
on the network, that have the Lotus Notes application, can
access.
36
GlOSSARY
M - N
Nacro
A series of commands and instructions that you group together
as a single command to accomplish a task automatically.
Nagnetc Dsk
A flat circular plate with a magnetic surface layer used for
storage of data.
Nagnetc Tape
A tape with a magnetic surface layer on which data can be
stored.
Na Nerge
Produces form letters, mailing labels, envelopes and other types
of merged document by merging a main document (such as a
letter) with a data source (usually a list of names and addresses).
Na Ony
Use this option in the Group Type field to specify that the Mailing
List you are creating is going to be used for mail purposes only.
Nabox
A file of e-mail messages.
Nang lsts
A Mailing List is a group of mail recipients. Instead of addressing
the same message to several individuals, you can add those
individuals to a group and then address the message to the
group.
Nanrame
A very large computer used in industry for commercial
applications. Several users connected, via terminals, share the
mainframe. Each user would have a monitor, keyboard and
mouse, and the information is stored on the mainframe.
Naxmze
Enlarges a window to fill entire desktop.
NB
Megabytes. 1,048,576 bytes, often used to refer to one million
bytes (1,000,000) bytes. Would be the equivalent of the space
taken up on disk by a small novel.
Nemory
A device for temporary storage of data while a task is being
carried out. Memory is measured in megabytes (MB) or RAM
(random-assess memory).
Nenu
A list of options from which a command can be made. The list is
displayed with a code opposite some options, usually Ctrl+,
indicating the keyboard shortcut and a graphic before some
command, representing the toolbar shortcut.
Nenu Bar
The bar at the top of the window, which displays the available
menus.
Nessage
A unit of information transmitted by an e-mail system. It consists
of headers containing who the message is from, to, the subject
and a body that contains the information.
M
L
GlOSSARY
O - P
Nhz
Megahertz, millions of cycles per second, measures the speed of
the CPU.
Ncrocomputer
A small computer that contains a microprocessor as its central
processor.
Ncroprocessor
Main computer chip that provides speed and capabilities of the
computer. Also called CPU.
Nncomputer
Smaller than a mainframe and is used in small and medium-size
businesses for general business applications and in large
organizations for department-level operations.
Nnmze
Reduces a window to a button on the taskbar.
Nobe Notes
You can access the Lotus Notes server when you are connected
directly through a LAN or you can remotely access the server
though the use of a modem and a phone line.
Nodem
A peripheral device to enable computers to communicate with
each other across telephone lines. Modems are the usual means
of connecting to the Internet, or sending electronic mail and
faxes. A modem converts the digital signals of the sending
computer to analogue signals that can be transmitted through
telephone lines.
Nontor
Output device similar in appearance to a TV screen; displays text
and images on the screen. Monitors come in various sizes; the
size is measured diagonally, across the screen.
Notherboard
A motherboard is the physical layout in a
computer case that contains the computers
basic circuitry and components.
Nouse
An input device for pointing at and selecting items on
the screen.
Nutmeda
A combination of various elements in one file, such as text,
graphics, animation, video and sound.
Nutuser
The potential of some computer systems to provide access to
many users at the same time, such as on a network.
Navgaton Keys
Keyboard keys that allow you to move around within a
document e.g. page up and arrow keys.
Network
Several computers connected by cables. A special network
operating system, such as Novell or Windows NT is used.
New aendar Entry lorm
Use this to schedule an appointment, meeting, event, reminder
or anniversary in your Calendar.
Not or Pubc Vewng
Use this option to ensure that the selected Calendar entry will
not be displayed to others even though you have specified in the
Calendar Profile that others can view your Calendar.
Object Stores
Lotus Notes databases are often called Object Stores because
they can store just about any type of electronic information.
O-lne
Not connected to the Internet. You can save money on
telephone expenses by preparing messages off-line using email
software and sending all messages together.
OlE
Object Linking and Embedding: enables the creation of objects
from one application and link or embed them into a second
application. Embedded objects retain their original format and
links to the application that created them, which allows easy
amendment without the need to exit the second application.
On-lne
Connected to a computer network, such as the Internet.
Operatng System
Controls the overall activity of the computer; enables the
hardware to communicate with the software. Operating systems
include Windows, Apple Macintosh, MS-DOS and Unix.
Orentaton
Portrait Orientation prints the document so that the short edge
of the paper is the top of the page. Landscape Orientation prints
the document so that the long edge of the paper is the top of the
page.
Output
Information retrieved from a computer, displayed by a computer
or produced by a program running on a computer
Output Devce
Outputs information, such as the monitor, printer and speakers.
Password
A string of characters that a program, computer operator or user
must supply to meet security requirements before gaining access
to a computer and/or computer files.
37
N
O
P
Paste
This is a command that inserts data from the
Clipboard into a document.
Path
A path is a line of text that shows the exact location of a file
including any folders and sub folders.
P
Personal computer used by one person; can be
connected to a network.
Perormance
The speed at which the computer carries out
everyday tasks, such as opening files, saving information, inserting
graphics and performing calculations.
Perpheras
Pieces of hardware connected to the computer, such as the
mouse, printer, scanner, speakers and microphone.
Persona Address Book
Use this to store information about contacts that are specific to
you.
Phone Nessage lorm
Use to send a phone message to someone.
Patorm
Hardware environment that supports the administration of a
computer system.
Potter
Produces high-quality output by moving ink pens over the
surface of the paper. Plotters are commonly used by engineers,
architects and designers for computer-aided design.
Port
That portion of a computer through
which a peripheral device is connected.
Presentaton Sotware
Used to create sequences of words and pictures to support a
speech or public presentation. Presentation software usually
enables you to include images and sometimes audio and video.
Prmary Key
A unique identifier in a database, for example, product codes or
account numbers.
Prnter
An output device that puts text or images on paper; the output is
often referred to as hard copy.
Prntout
The printed output of a computer.
Procedure
A discrete piece of computer code that performs a computing
task within a program.
Program
A series of coded instructions to control the operation of a
computer or other machine.
Programmer
A person who designs, writes and tests computer programs.
Programmng language
An artificial language in which the syntax and semantics are
strictly defined. Programming languages include Basic, Pascal,
Cobol and Fortran.
Protoco
An agreement governing the procedures used to exchange
information over a computer network.
PSDN
Public Switched Data Network refers to the worlds collection of
telephone networks. The PSDN furnishes much of the Internets
long-distance infrastructure.
Pubc Address Book
In Lotus Notes this is used as a central directory database of
everyone in the organization and also is an important tool for
Lotus Notes administrators.
Pubc Doman
Software that is not protected by copyright.
Ouery
The interrogation of a database for information; a request
submitted to a database in a form required by the database for
the extraction of information from data stored in the database.
Oueue
A series of computer data or programs awaiting processing.
Out
To exit an application.
RAN
Random Access Memory: the computer's primary working
memory in which programs and data are
temporarily stored when the computer is on and
executing a program. Switching the computer off
erases all contents of RAM.
Random Access
Each component can be accessed with the same
ease and speed as any other.
Record
A collection of related data or words treated as a unit in a
database. For example on a customer database, each
customer's name, address and telephone number might be
a complete record.
Recyce Bn
Deleted files are moved to the Recycle Bin.
Reatve e Reerence
In spreadsheet applications a relative cell reference refers to a
cell or group of cells that is an offset from another cell in the
spreadsheet. This definition should be contrasted with the
definition for absolute cell references.
Remnder
38
GlOSSARY
Q - S
Q
R
GlOSSARY
S - T
This option is on the New Calendar Entry form to schedule a
Reminder for you. It looks identical to the Appointment option
except that a Reminder requires a specific time and an
Appointment has a time range.
Restore
This returns a window to its default size after it has been either
minimised or maximized.
Return Key
The key on a keyboard that, when struck,
places the cursor at the left margin one line
below its previous horizontal position. Can
also be used to complete a command.
Return Recept
This is used in the Delivery Options dialog box to have the
server send you a message that indicates that the person you
sent the mail message to has opened it.
Rght ck Nenu
This is a context-sensitive menu for an object, usually a short cut
menu.
RON
Read Only Memory contains data that can only be read, not
written to; contains the programming that allows the computer
to start up. The data in ROM is not lost when the computer
power is turned off. A small long-life battery inside the
computer sustains the ROM.
RPN
Revolutions Per Minute, measures the speed of the Hard Drive;
refers to the speed at which the discs in the hard drive spin.
RSl
Repetitive Strain Injury, caused by repetitive hand and arm
movements, such as constant use of the keyboards.
RTl
Rich Text Format: a text file format allowing the exchange of text
files between different word processors and operating systems
without the loss of document structure.
Satete ommuncaton
An arrangement in which the data is sent from one computer to
another through a satellite. Satellite communications are an
option for areas where other connections, such as telephone
lines, are not available.
Scanner
Captures images from photographs, posters,
magazines and other sources to a computer
screen. These can then be saved to the
computers hard disk. Scanners usually
come with software that lets you resize and
modify an image.
Screen
The surface of the monitor on which information is displayed.
Screen Saver
A screen saver is a piece of text, a pattern or a picture that
moves around the screen when no user activity has been sensed
for a certain period of time.
Scro
To move all or part of the display image vertically or horizontally
to view data. Scrolling can be performed with a mouse in the
horizontal /vertical bars on each window or by using the arrow
keys on the keyboard.
Scro Bar
Located at the right and across the bottom of a window, with an
arrow at each end. Using the scroll bar allows you to move easily
through the screen.
Search Engne
Computer software in which a user can make a request for
information. A list of sources that may contain the required
information is compiled and displayed by the software. The
listed sources can then be accessed by a user to obtain the
required information.
Seecton Bar
An unmarked area in the left margin of a document that allows
for easy data selection.
Server
A computer that shares its resources, such as printers and files,
with other computers on a network.
Shareware
Software that is free for a limited period of time.
[Sht] Key
This is used with other keys and mouse actions to capitalize
letters and perform other commands and functions.
Shortcut
A path that provides a quick way of opening a file, folder or
application.
Shortcut Nenu
A list of context-sensitive options.
Ste lcense
A license needed to transfer software across a network.
Smart ard
A plastic card, about the size of a credit card, with an embedded
microchip that can be loaded with data.
Smartlcons
Icons located beneath the menu bar. These are shortcuts for
functions that can also be performed with the menu bar.
Sot opy
The version of a file held on computer disk; contrasted with a
copy printed out on paper which is known as a hard copy.
Sotware
A collection of programs and procedures for making the
computer perform specific tasks, such as writing reports, keeping
accounts or drawing images.
Sort
To arrange a random set of data items into an alphabetic and/or
numeric order.
Speakers
Output sound effects, such as voice,
music or special effects, from the
computer. A sound card inside the
computer case generates these sounds.
39
S
Speca Na lorms
Lotus Notes provides Special Mail forms such as the Phone
Message form. These forms have predefined fields that make
sending messages quick and easy.
Speech Syntheszers
Produce audio output of human speech from the computer.
Speech synthesis is generally used to enhance computer games.
Spreadsheet
A Software application that enables mathematical calculations and
the creation of charts and graphs based on text and numbers.
Status Bar
The bar at the bottom of the window that displays information
about a command or toolbar button, an operation in progress or
the location of the insertion point. To see a ScreenTip for an item
on the status bar, rest the mouse pointer over the item for a
moment. Double-click the name of a key or mode to turn it on
or off.
Status Box
An informational panel on one side of the Taskbar that provides
information about the system.
Styes
A style is a set of formatting characteristics that can be applied to
text to quickly change the appearance of a document. A style
applies a whole group of formats in one simple task.
Symbos
Special characters that are not found on the keyboard.
Syntax
Refers to the spelling and grammar of a programming language.
Computers are inflexible machines that understand what you
type only if you type it in the exact form that the computer
expects. The expected form is called the syntax.
Tab
The Tab key is used to move across a document, from left to
right, at 1.27cm intervals. In Word, Tabs are used to create
parallel columns, vertically aligning text within a document.
Tabs
The titles of the cards found in some Dialog boxes. Clicking one
brings it to the front.
Task Button
Icon on Taskbar that represents open windows.
Taskbar
A panel that appears on the Desktop, which contains all available
windows, the Start button and Status button.
Tasks
Are separate from meetings, appointments and events because
they are things that you need to accomplish and are displayed in
the To Do view. By default, tasks are not displayed in the
Calendar.
Teecommuncaton
Communicating with others through computers using
communication software and modems.
Teecomputng
The use of computers for telecommunication; computer
networking.
Teex
A communications system consisting of teletypewriters
connected to the telephone network. The telex
machine has been replaced in business by the fax
and email.
Tempate
A pre-determined lay-out of a document.
Terabyte
1,099,551,627,776 bytes, often used to mean one trillion bytes
(1,000,000,000,000).
Termna
Consists of a monitor, keyboard and may include a mouse, which
allows access for a user to a central computer such as a
mainframe or minicomputer.
Text
Data in textual form; computer data containing letters and
numbers and other characters used in formatting text.
Text Box
An area in a Dialog box used for entering text.
Text Edtor
A basic system or program allowing the user to enter and edit
text; does not contain the range of facilities provided by a word
processor.
Tte Bar
The bar across the top of the window that gives the name of the
application and the name of the file or folder that is open.
Too
Shortcut button that provides quick access to a command.
Toobar
A horizontal row or vertical column of selectable image buttons
that provide a shortcut to certain commands, such as saving or
printing a file.
Touchpad
An alternative to the mouse. When you press on a Touchpad,
the cursor moves to the corresponding position on the screen.
Trackba
Used instead of a mouse on many notebook and
laptop computers. It is located in front of the
keyboard.
Transer
To copy or move information from one computer to another.
Trash loder
Deleted messages are placed in the Trash Folder before they are
permanently deleted.
Tree
A way of arranging information with general categories at the
top, subcategories below and narrower subcategories on a
further level below. An example of a tree is the creation folders
and subfolders in Windows.
40
GlOSSARY
V - W
T
GlOSSARY
X - Z
Type-ahead leature
This enables the Lotus Notes application to search the address
books for the desired name based on initials or a few characters
of a name.
Unx
An operating system used on many Internet host systems.
Upoad
To transfer information from a users system to a remote system,
such as placing web pages on the Internet.
UPS
Uninterrupted Power Supply, protects against unexpected
interruptions in power supply. UPS units are essentially
sophisticated batteries, consisting of a combination of hardware
and software.
URl
Uniform Resource Locator. A method of accessing a web site or
web page on the Internet.
User l.D.
A User I.D. is created during installation of Lotus Notes onto
your computer. This file contains the necessary information to
enable you to access the Notes Server, such as your user name
and password.
VDU
Visual Display Unit, the main output device on the computer,
also referred to as the monitor.
Vew Narker oumn
This is the left most column in the view pane. It displays system
information e.g. when you delete a message a small trash can
icon appears in the View Marker Column next to the message.
Vews
A View lists the documents in the database based on a category
or condition. Views are usually designed by the administrator or
set-up by default.
Vrus
A program that can destroy or damage files.
vAN
Wide Area Network, connects local area networks from
different locations to each other, usually by telephone cables.
vBT
Web Based Training, training at home or at work using the
Internet; available on a wide variety of subjects.
vndow
A rectangular area on a computer screen in which part of an
image, file or folder is displayed.
vndows
A trademark of the Microsoft Corporation for a software
product that provides a graphical user interface.
vndow Border
This is the outside frame of a window used to resize the
window.
vzards
This guides you through a difficult task using step by step Dialog
boxes.
vord Processng
Used for text based documents; letters, reports, agendas, etc.
Text can be typed and formatted in various styles to improve the
appearance of the document.
vord-vrap
A feature that enables a word that will not fit on a line to be
moved in its entirety to the next line.
vorkspace Pages
Each of the 6 file folder tabs that you see when you start Lotus
Notes represents a workspace page. Workspace pages are used
to organize your databases and portfolios.
vord vde veb
A collection of documents stored on computers around the
world; can be accessed by connecting to the Internet; organized
to allow you to move easily from one resource to another, using
links. Most web sites are stored on the World Wide Web; hence
www is included in most web site addresses.
vORN
1) (for write once, read many) is a data storage technology that
allows information to be written to a disk a single time and
prevents the drive from erasing the data. The disks are
intentionally not rewritable, because they are especially intended
to store data that the user does not want to erase accidentally.
Because of this feature, WORM devices have long been used for
the archival purposes of organizations such as government
agencies or large enterprises. A type of optical media, WORM
devices were developed in the late 1970s and have been adapted
to a number of different media. The disks have varied in size
from 5.25 to 14 inches wide, in varying formats ranging from
140MB to more than 3 GB per side of the (usually) double-sided
medium. Data is written to a WORM disk with a low-powered
laser that makes permanent marks on the surface.
41
U
V
W
42
GlOSSARY
V - W
2) A worm is a self-replicating virus that does not alter files but
resides in active memory and duplicates itself. Worms use parts
of an operating system that are automatic and usually invisible to
the user. It is common for worms to be noticed only when their
uncontrolled replication consumes system resources, slowing or
halting other tasks.
vrte
To record and save data on to a disk or screen.
XNl
eXtensible Markup Language. This allows the definition,
transmission, validation and interpretation of data between
applications and organizations.
Zp Dsk
Resembles a floppy disk in appearance but is thicker
and can store 100 million bytes of data - the
equivalent of about 7 floppy discs. It is inserted to a
zip drive, which is a peripheral that can be attached
to the computer.
Zoom
A toolbar button where the user can enter a magnification
between 10 and 400 percent to reduce or
enlarge the display of the active document
on screen.
Z
X
GlOSSARY
X - Z
43