Ferrite devices

Phase shifter, Isolator, Circulator

Faraday rotation
Prof. D. Kannadassan,
School of Electronics Engineering
ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall 2012_13 1
Magnetic Materials: Physics
In solid, we know, electron spins are responsible for magnetic field. This
field will be negligible when all the electron has spin pair.
But in Magnetic material many of the electrons are un-paired (more right
hand spin than left hand spins, or vice versa).
The will get a small magnetic moment, since they all are oriented to ward
a random directions.
By applying the small magnetic field, all adjacent spins are aligned and
form a magnetic pole.
From planks theory, the spin angular momentum
Average Magnetic moment:
ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall
2012_13
2
Materials are magnetically classified by their net (volume average) magnetic moments
When we apply an external magnetic bias field (from a permanent magnet, for example),
a torque will be exerted on the magnetic dipole:



This torque is equal to angular momentum:
ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall
2012_13
3
As Law of motion: the motion of magnetic dipole -
To solve, take the second derivative
(Larmor or Precession frequency)
Also called angular rate of rotation
One solution:
( m
z
is constant)
Projection of momentum is in xy plane,
forms a circular trace.
ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall
2012_13
4
For N magnetic dipole system bulk magnetic material
For N number of unbalanced electron:
over all magnetic momentum or magnetization:
then, equation of motion becomes:
5
Interaction of RF Signals with Ferrites
Consider an RF wave propagating through a very large region of ferrimagnetic
material with a D.C. bias field
The RF field is
The DC field is:
The total field is:
This field produces total material magnetization:
ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall
2012_13
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The equation of motion becomes
For the time harmonic (e
jt
) RF fields we obtain
ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall
2012_13
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We can write this in matrix (tensor) form:
We now calculate the magnetic flux density in the ferromagnetic material, due to
RF field and the d.c. bias field:
ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall
2012_13
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Faraday Rotation; Theory
Plane Waves in an Infinite Ferrite Medium
Positive circularly polarized wave is traveling along the direction of ferrites
z axis:



Negative circularly polarized wave is traveling along the direction of
ferrites z axis:



In other words, the applied fields polarization is subject to rotate from the
original direction, this phenomena is called Faraday rotation
A linearly polarized wave will get both components, by result:

ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall
2012_13
9
Phase shifter
Based on the Faraday Rotation, phase shift were been
proposed in Microwave circuits. Those component are
called Gyrator
The Two port network has following modules:
90 degree Twist
Ferrite component with 90 degree phase shift


90 degree
180 degree