1

PRELIMINAR REPORT N3
Edward Fabian Garzon Triana, Luis Alejandro Rodriguez
University At La Salle
I. OBJETIVES
Make the respective design a voltage regulator, consider-
ing the voltage to be obtained.
Calculate the components that are part of the circuit.
Simulate and verify experimentally.
II. INTRODUCTION
For this implement a voltage regulator circuit is designed
to check the operation of a zener diode voltage regulator.
This circuit is designed so that the diode operates in the
breakdown region, and the circuit being approximated to an
ideal voltage source. As is known zener diode works only in
the reverse zone, in a particular case works in the area of the
breakpoint of the inverse characteristic. The output voltage
remains theoretically constant voltage even when the input
source decay on a fairly wide range. [1]
III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A voltage regulator or voltage regulator is an electronic
device designed to maintain a level of tension constante.
Electronic voltage regulators are found in devices such as
power supplies for computers, where they stabilize the DC
voltages used by the processor and other elements. Alternators
in cars and power plants, voltage regulators control the output
of the plant. In a system of electric power distribution, voltage
regulators can be installed in a substation or along with
distribution lines so that all consumers receive a constant
voltage regardless of how much power there is in the line.[2]
Figure 1.
The principal characteristics to consider in regulators are:
The line regulation
The load regulation
The reference voltage
The current adjustment
Minimum output current
The maximum output current
Dropout voltage
Input-Output Voltage Differential
IV. MEASURING EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
Breadboard
1N4742(x2)
1N4007(x2)
Ceramic resistor 22 ohm of 5W
Dual Source
Oscilloscope
2N3055
Resistor 33 ohm.
V. METODOLOGY
For the development of the main practice as to make the
design of voltage regulator, as they must have some design
parameters for the circuit to work properly.
Taking all the results of the calculation with the values of
the components installed in the breadboard, ad then if you
want to carry a printed circuit board for better presentation or
make the circuit a bit more secure or reliable it becomes, but
that is not the goal of the practice.
Circuit having mounted Protoboard proceeds to check
whether the circuit is in operation erect this means that the
desired voltage regulating circuit which dissipates no excessive
temperature.
VI. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
After being mounted circuit was veried that the zener diode
was working properly and was returning the desired voltage
about 12V, as seen in the attached video le, the error of the
output was very low, as to curly could observe that the load
resistor capacitor discharged very fast so a very high ripple was
observed and it does not t to be used as a source regulated
even though its output voltage to be exactly 12.3 volts.
VII. CALCULATIONS
i
e
=?
For 5W we use the next ecuation
5W
12V
= 0, 416A
For the resistence
R
L
=
12V
0, 416A
= 28, 84ohmios
By criterion B should be greater than 200 but in this case
a maximum gain of 18 is used.
I
L
= I
e
=
12V
22Ohm
= 0, 5454A
Therefore we can say that must be met
2
I
e
= I
b
+I
c
P
L
= 12V 0, 5454A = 6, 5454W
12 + 0, 7 0, 7 +V
D
= 0
V
D
= 12V
Assuming that according to the datasheet of B = 18 we can
identify
I
b
=
I
e
B + 1
=
0, 5454A
28
= 20mA
I
c
+I
e
= I
b
= 0, 53A
By law Kirchhoff voltages
18V +V
R
+ 12V + 0, 7 = 0
V
R
= 5, 3V
If node
I
R
= 0, 12A+ 0, 02A = 0, 14
R =
5, 3V
0, 14A
= 33Ohm
Thus we determine the resistance valid for the system to
function
P
R
= V
R
I
R
= 0, 7W
This resistance only consume 0,7W
VIII. SIMULATIONS
To corroborate that observed in the laboratory were correct
to the approximate, we use the simulator to verify by Proteus
installation and oscilospio actual data in the gure 2.
Figure 2.
TR1
TRAN-2P3S
TR1(P1) D1
1N4007
D2
1N4007
TR1(S1)
TR1(S3)
C1
100n
Q1
2N3055
D3
1N4742A
R1
22
R1(1)
R2
33
D4
1N4007
C1(1)
A
B
C
D
Image simulation in proteus
The simulation was conducted with the same setup previ-
ously performed at the laboratory, then using the oscilloscope
in Figure 3 could observe that the output data corresponding
to the lab.
Figure 3.
Oscilloscope Output in Proteus
In the graph the blue line corresponds to the rectication and
regulation of transformer gave out 10.5-0-10.5, on the green
line can see the output of the zener diode where the maximum
voltage was 12.5V
IX. MOUNTING AND OSCILLOSCOPE
In Figure 4 we can see the assembly carried out in the
laboratory of power electronics.
Figure 4.
Mounting done in breadboard
It holds the mounting specications engineer, green alligator
and white are the inputs 9 Volt, yellow alligator is the ground
source, in Figure 5 the connection of the oscilloscope is
observed.
3
Figure 5.
Tests on the oscilloscope
Finally the graphic seen on the oscilloscope show a clear
correspondence with the data from the calculations.
Figure 6.
Image observed on the oscilloscope
In gure 6, at the top can be found and rectied regulated
before passing through the zener diode at the bottom of the
output signal is complete system.
X. CONCLUSIONS
Starting from the observed results and the analysis is able
to identify the following conclusions:
Regulatory systems use diodes as these devices can
rectify the wave to be used for DC.
Capacitors are components that can be used to correct the
rectier ripple that occurs in the wave rectication.
Among higher the value of the capacitor will lower the
output ripple.
The value of the load does not affect the output of the
rectier.
Curly from our source had problems mainly because the
selected capacitor value was very low so you will not
be charged not allowed so as not to let loose shape DC
output.
REFERENCES
[1] http://sica.udea.edu.co/~lab-gicm/Curso%20de%20Electronica/2009__diodo_Zener.pdf
[2] http://electronicabasica/Regulador_de_tensi%C3%B3n.pdf
[3] http://paginas.sica.uson.mx/horacio.munguia/aula_virtual/Cursos/Instrumentacion%20II/Documentos/Regulacion%20voltaje.pdf
[4] https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/68050162/TRANSFORMADOR%20PROTEUS..jpg