Statically Indeterminate Beams: Let Solve The Following Statically Indeterminate Beam (EI Constant)

Gh.
Asachi Technical University of Iai Structural Statics Statically Determinate Structures

Department of Structural Mechanics Senior Lecturer Cezar Aanici, Dr. Eng.

- 1 -
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS
Let solve the following statically indeterminate beam (EI = constant):
The equilibrium equation system for the chosen primary
system PS is (N0 2 unknowns M, M):
0 0
0 0
' M ' M "
" M ' M "

= + + =
= + + =

The main terms of the equations are:
1 1 2 10
1 1
2 3 3 3
l
m' m' l
dx l
EI EI EI EI
= = = =
1 1 2 10
1 1
2 3 3 3
l
m" m" l
" dx l
EI EI EI EI
= = = =

It is obvious that if EI =constant
" =
1 1 1 10
1 1
2 3 6 6
l l
m' m" m" m'
' " dx dx
EI EI
l
l
EI EI EI
= = = = =
= = =

The free terms of the equation system are:
( )
( )
( )
1 3
2 07 78 1 78
6
4
2 07 78 2 03 102 07 102 03 78
6
3 301
2 03 102
6
p
l
M m'
' dx .
EI EI
. . . .
.
EI

= = + +
+ + + + +
+ =

( )
( )
( )
1 3
2 07 102 1102
6
4
2 03 78 2 07 102 03 102 07 78
6
3 329
2 03 78
6
p
l
M m"
" dx .
EI EI
. . . .
.
EI

= = + +
+ + + + +
+ =
M' 'M'
'
M' M"
"
40 kN 20 kN
40 kN 20 kN
'=0 "=0
1
'
0.7 0.3
m'
r
e
a
l

l
o
a
d

c
a
s
e
1
1
0.7 0.3
m'
v
i
r
t
u
a
l

l
o
a
d

c
a
s
e
"
0.7 0.3
m" m"
M"=1
M"=1
1
SR SV
1
M'
M'=1
' "
40 kN 20 kN
102 78
Mp
SR
P.S.
4 m 3 m 3 m
EI=const.
V'=26 V"=34
Gh. Asachi Technical University of Iai Structural Statics Statically Determinate Structures

- 2 -
The free terms could also be solved using
the loading factors m and m,
respectively, as follows:
, and
6 6
l l
' m' " m"
EI EI
= =
where
M M
6R' 6R"
, and m' m"
l l
= =
and R
M
and R
M
are the reactive forces
given by the bending moment diagram
considered as a load for the primary
system.
6 6 1 1 1
78 3 7 3 78 4 5
10 10 2 3
1 1 1 2
24 4 3 4 102 3 3 1806
2 3 2 3
M
R'
m'
l
.

= = + + +

+ + + =

6 6 1 1 2
78 3 3 78 4 5
10 10 2 3
1 2 1 1
24 4 3 4 102 3 7 3 1974
2 3 2 3
M
R"
m"
l
.
= = + +

+ + + + =

Hence:
10 301 10 329
1806 , and 1974
6 6
' . " .
EI EI EI EI
= = = = - the same values.
Solving the equation system, the bending moments are as follows:
2 2
5460 , and 7140
" ' " ' " '
M ' . kNm M " . kNm
' " ' "

= = = =

.
102 78
R'M R"M
40 kN
20 kN
V'=24.32 kN V"=35.68 kN
M'=54.6 kNm M"=71.4 kNm
+
-
54.6 71.4
18.36
35.64
24.32
35.68
4.32
Qf
Mf

- 3 -
Let solve the following statically indeterminate beam with step variable stiffness:
The equilibrium equation system for the chosen
primary system PS is (N0 2 unknowns M, M):
0 0
0 0
' M ' M "
" M ' M "

= + + =
= + + =

Because the beam is geometrically and
mechanically symmetric the main terms of the
equations are equal, " = , Hence:
(
( )
0
2 2
0
0 0
1 3
2 11 2 07 07 2 1 07
4 6
1 4
2 07 2 03 2 07 03
6
1 1 2 45099
03 3 03
4 2 3 3
l l
m' m' m" m"
" dx dx
EI EI
. . .
EI
. . . .
EI
.
. .
EI EI
= = = =
= + + +
+ + + +
+ =

( )
( )
( )
0
2 2
0
0 0
1 3
2 07 03 1 03
4 6
1 4
2 07 03 2 03 07 07 03
6
1 3 11267
2 07 03 03 1
4 6
l l
m' m" m" m'
dx dx
EI EI
. . .
EI
. . . . . .
EI
.
. . .
EI EI
= = =
= + +
+ + + + +
+ + =

The free terms of the equation system are:
( )
(
) ( )
0
0
0 0
1 3
2 07 78 1 78
4 6
1 4
2 07 78 2 03 102 07 102
6
1 3 20785
03 78 2 03 102
4 6
p
l
M m'
' dx .
EI EI
. . .
EI
.
. .
EI EI

= = + +
+ + + +
+ + =

M' 'M'
M' M"
40 kN 20 kN
40 kN 20 kN
'=0 "=0
1
'
0.7 0.3
m'
1
1
0.7 0.3
m'
"
0.7 0.3
m" m"
M"=1
M"=1
1
SR SV
1
M'
M'=1
' "
40 kN 20 kN
102 78
Mp
SR
P.S.
4 m 3 m 3 m
V'=26 V"=34
EI0
4EI0 4EI0
' "
r
e
a
l

l
o
a
d

c
a
s
e
v
i
r
t
u
a
l

l
o
a
d

c
a
s
e

- 4 -
( ) (
) ( )
0 0
0 0
1 3 1 4
2 07 102 1 102 2 03 78 2 07 102
4 6 6
1 3 21965
03 102 07 78 2 03 78
4 6
p
l
M m"
" dx . . .
EI EI EI
.
. . .
EI EI

= = + + + +
+ + + =

The free terms could also be solved using the
loading factors m and m, respectively, as
follows:
, and
6 6
l l
' m' " m"
EI EI
= =
where
M M
6R' 6R"
, and m' m"
l l
= =
and R
M
and R
M
are the reactive forces given
by the reduced bending moment diagram
(proportionally with the bending stiffness)
considered as a load for the primary system.
6 1 1 1
195 3 7 3 78 4 5
10 10 2 3
1 1 1 2
24 4 3 4 255 3 3 20785
2 3 2 3
M
R' .
. .

= + + +

+ + + =

6 1 1 2
195 3 3 78 4 5
10 10 2 3
1 2 1 1
24 4 3 4 255 3 7 3 21965
2 3 2 3
M
R" .
. .
= + +

+ + + + =

Solving the equation system, the bending
moments are as follows:
2
6561 ,
" ' "
M ' . kNm
' "

= =

2
9695 .
' " '
M ' . kNm
' "

= =

' "
40 kN 20 kN
102 78
Mp
SR
102
78
V'=26 V"=34
R'M R"M
40 kN
20 kN
V'=22.87 kN V"=37.13 kN
M'=65.61 kNm M"=96.95 kNm
+
-
65.61 96.95
2.99
14.45
22.87
37.13
2.87
Qf
Mf
19.5
25.5

- 5 -
Let solve the following statically indeterminate beam
with linear voussoirs at the ends:
The equilibrium equation system for the chosen primary
system PS is (N0 2 unknowns M, M):
0 0
0 0
' M ' M "
" M ' M "

= + + =
= + + =

Because the beam is geometrically and
mechanically symmetric the main terms of the
equation system are equal, " = :
0 0 0
=
3 3 6
l l l
c' , " c" , c
EI EI EI
= =
where c=c, and c are voussoir influence coefficients
which depend on the voussoir type (linear, parabolic,
symmetrically disposed or not etc.) and length,
stiffness ratio between the moment of inertia in the
current span and the moment of inertia at the ends of the
beam, respectively, are given in specific tables, and the
values in this case are:
0
0
3
03 025
10 4
span
v
v
max
I
l I
. , n .
l I I
= = = = = =
and
0644 0832 c' c" . , c . = = = .
For the free terms, the following relationships are
used:
0 0

6 6
l l
' m' k' , " m" k",
EI EI
= =
where mk and mk depend on the load
characteristics (concentrated or distributed forces
etc.) and by the voussoirs type (linear, parabolic,
symmetrically disposed or not etc.) and its
mechanical properties as mentioned above and are
given in tables. For this particular case, two distinct
sets of values must be extracted because the beam
is loaded with two concentrated forces F
1
= 20
kN, and F
2
= 40 kN. Consequently, considering
valid the load superposition hypothesis, these
influences could be added as follows:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
1 1 1 2
1 2
1 2
2 1 2 2
+
+
F F
F F
F F
F F
m' k' m' k' m' k' v Fl v F l
m" k" m" k" m" k" v Fl v F l
= = +
= = +

the coefficients v
i
Fi

being obtained by corresponding linear interpolation, and the final values are:
M' M"
40 kN 20 kN
40 kN 20 kN
'=0 "=0
1
'
0.7 0.3
m' =
1
m'
"
0.7 0.3
m" =m"
M"=1
1
SR = SV
1
M'=1
' "
40 kN 20 kN
102 78
Mp
SR
P.S.
4 m 3 m 3 m
V'=26 V"=34
40 kN
20 kN
V'=23.5 kN V"=36.5 kN
M'=62.08 kNm M"=87.08 kNm
+
-
62.08 87.08
8.42
22.42
23.5
36.5
3.5
Qf
Mf
EI0
4EI0
4EI0
' "
SR = SV

- 6 -
1 2
1 1
1 2
2 2
0292 0235
0235 0292
F F
F F
v . , v .
v . , v .
= =
= =

Hence,
0292 20 10 0235 40 10 15240
0235 20 10 0292 40 10 16380
m' k' . . .
m" k" . . .
= + =
= + =

and the free terms are:
0 0 0
0 0 0
254
15240
6 6
21965
16380
6 6
l l
' m' k' . ,
EI EI EI
l l .
" m" k" .
EI EI EI
= = =
= = =

Replacing all these values in the equation system, the ends bending moments are:
( )
( )
0
0
2 0
6 0

0
2 0
6
l
M ' c' M " c m' k'
EI M ' M "
M ' M " l
M ' c' M " c m" k"
EI

+ + =
+ + =

+ + =

+ + =

from which:
2 2
2 2
2 2 0644 1524 0832 1638
6208 kNm ,
4 4 0644 0644 0832
2 2 0644 1638 0832 1524
8708 kNm
4 4 0644 0644 0832
c" m' k' cm" k" . . . .
M ' .
c' c" c . . .
c' m" k" cm' k' . . . .
M " .
c' c" c . . .

= = =

= = =


- 7 -
Let solve the following statically indeterminate beams subjected to the shown support settlements.
a) Fully fixed beam subjected to an imposed unit rotation of a beam end
The equilibrium equation system for the chosen primary system PS is (N0 2 unknowns M, M):
1 1
0 1
k k ,settle
k
k k ,settle
k
' M ' M " ' R
" M ' M " " R

= + = +
= + = +

The main terms of the equation system are:
=
3 3 6
l l l
, " ,
EI EI EI
= =
Consequently, the equation system becomes:
1
1 1 1 0 1
3 6
1
1 0 0 0 0
6 3
k k ,settle
k
k k ,settle
k
l l
M ' M " ' R
EI EI l
l l
M ' M " " R
EI EI l

+ = + = + =
+ = + = + =

and bending moments are
4 2
and
ij ji
EI EI
M ' k M ' k
l l
= = = =
also known as rotation stiffness and transmitted rotation stiffness, respectively of a fully fixed beam
with a constant bending stiffness along the whole length.
'=1
"=0
l
EI=const.
'
M'=1
"
M"=1
'
M' M"
"
P.S.
i j

- 8 -
b) Fully fixed beam subjected to an imposed unit vertical displacement of a beam end
"=0
l
EI=const.
'
M'=1
"
M"=1
'
M' M"
"
P.S.
"=0
"=1
1/l 1/l
1/l 1/l
i j

The equilibrium equation system for the chosen primary system PS is (N0 2 unknowns M, M):
0 1
0 1
k k ,settle
k
k k ,settle
k
' M ' M " ' R
" M ' M " " R

= + = +
= + = +

The main terms of the equation system are:
=
3 3 6
l l l
, " ,
EI EI EI
= =
Consequently, the equation system becomes:
1 1
1 0 0 1
3 6
1 1
1 0 0 1
6 3
k k ,settle
k
k k ,settle
k
l l
M ' M " ' R
EI EI l l
l l
M ' M " " R
EI EI l l

+ = + = =
+ = + = + =

and bending moments are
2 2
6 6
and
ij ij
EI EI
M ' k M ' k
l l

= = = =
also known as translation stiffness of a fully fixed beam with a constant bending stiffness
along the whole length.

- 9 -
'=1
l
EI=const.
'
M'=1
'
M'
"
P.S.
i j
c) Fixed-hinged beam subjected to an imposed unit rotation of a beam end
The elastic equilibrium equation for the chosen
primary system PS is (N0 one unknown M):
1 1
k k ,settle
k
' M ' ' R = = +

Knowing that
3
l
EI
= ,
the equilibrium equation becomes:
1
1 11 0 1
3
k k ,settle
k
l
M ' ' R
EI l
= + = + =

and bending moment is:
3
ij
EI
M ' k
l
= =

also known as rotation stiffness of a fixed-hinged beam with a constant bending stiffness along the
whole length.

d) Fixed-hinged beam subjected to an imposed unit vertical displacement of a hinged end

The elastic equilibrium equation for the same
chosen primary system PS is (N0 one
unknown M):
1 1
1 1 0 1
k k ,settle
k
M ' ' R
l l
= + = =

replacing
3
l
EI
= , and solving for the
unknown bending moment M, the translation
stiffness is:

2
1 3

3
ij
l EI
M ' M ' k
EI l l
= = =
l
EI=const.
'
M'=1
'
M'
"
P.S.
"=0
"=1
1/l 1/l
i j

Statically Indeterminate Beams: Let Solve The Following Statically Indeterminate Beam (EI Constant)

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Statically Indeterminate Beams: Let Solve The Following Statically Indeterminate Beam (EI Constant)

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Gh.

Asachi Technical University of Iai Structural Statics Statically Determinate Structures

Potrebbero piacerti anche