499347059chemistry Question Bank (2013-14)

Question Bank Based on Board Papers
Prepared By Mrs. S.Srivastava

(The Solid States) 4 marks
SAMPLE PAPE! " (#L$)
Q%) Equal no. of cation & anion missing in the diagram is given.
(i) What are these types of vacancy defects called?
(ii) How is the density of crystal afected y these defects?
(iii) !ame one ionic compound which can show this type of defect in
crystalline state.
(iv) How is the stoichiometry of compound afected?
"#$) %nalysis shows that &.'. has E.(.&
$.)*
'
#.$$
+alculate , &
-.
& &
/.
ions
in
the crystal
"#$) 0n an ionic compound !
1
form cuic close type pac2ing while the cation
&
.

ions occupy one third of the tetrahedral voids. 3educe the formula of
compound & the +.!. of &
.
ions.
SAMPLE PAPE! & (#L$)
"4) % compound contains - types of atoms 5 & 6 . 0t crystalli7es in a cuic
lattice
with atom 5 at the corner & 6 at ody centres. What is the simplest
possile
formula of compound.
"#)) %n element 5 with an at.mass *$ g8mol has density *.-/ g8cm
/
0f the
edge
length of cuic unit cell is 9$$pm.0dentify the type of cuic unit cell.
+alculate the radius of an atom of this element.
SAMPLE PAPE! ' (#L$)
"#) !ame the type of point defect that occurs in a crystal of :n;.
"9) How many octahedral voids are there in one mole of a compound having
cuic close pac2ed ;tructure?
")) %n element crystalli7es in <++ structure.0f the edge length of the cell is
#.9*) = #$
1#$
m. & density is #)./ g8cm
/
. +alculate the at. &ass of this
element.
%lso calculate the radius of an atom of this element.
&(() $
"#)What is the +.!. of each type of ions in a roc2 salt type crystal structure?
"#)) what is a semiconductor? 3escrie the two main types of
semiconductors
& e=plain mechanism for their conduction.
"#) What is the total no. of atoms per unit cell in a (++ structure?
"#) What type of sustance e=hiits antiferromagnetism?
"#)) >easons? (i) (ren2el defects are not found in al2ali metal halides.
(ii);chott2y defects lower the density of related solids.
(iii) 0mpurity doped ;i is a semiconductor.
"#)) E=plain (i) (erromagnetism (ii)@aramagnetism (iii) (errimagnetism.
&(() A*
"#)) %g crystalli7es in (++ lattice. Ahe edge length of its unit cell is 9.$BB =
#$
1C

cm. & its density is #$.4 g8cm
/
+alculate the at. &ass of %g.
&(() +
Q") ,hat type o- ali.nment in /rystals make them -erroma.neti/
"#)) >easons? (i) (ren2el defects are not found in al2ali metal halides.
(ii);chott2y defects lower the density of related solids.
(iii) 0mpurity doped ;i is a semiconductor.
"#)) E=plain (i) (1centre (ii)@aramagnetism (iii) (ren2el defect
&(() $ 0#MPTT
"#) !ame an element with which ;i should e doped to give n1 type
semiconductor.
"#)) E=plain (i) (1centre (ii) ;chott2y defect (iii) (erromagnetism
&(() A* 0#MPTT
"#) What are (1 centres?
"#))>eason? (i) (e
/
'
9
is ferromagnetic at room temperature ut ecomes
paramagnetic at C4$D.
(ii) :n' on heating ecomes yellow.
(iii) (ren2el defect does not change the density of %g+l
crystals
"#)) With the help of suitale diagramE on the asis of <and theoryEe=plain
the
diference etween (a)% conductor & an insulator () % conductor &
semiconductor.
"C) Why is glass considered a supercooled liquid
"9) What is the two dimensional coordination no. of a sphere in square close
pac2ing?
&((% A*
"#) How do metallic & ionic sustance difer in conducting electricity?
"-$) %g crystalli7es with (++ unit cells. Each side of the unit cell has a length
of
9$) pm what is the radius of an atom of %g?
"#) Which point defect of its crystals decreases the density of a solid?
"#)) (e has a <++ unit cell with a cell edge of -C*.*4 pm. Ahe density of (e
is
B.CB g8cm
/
. +alculate %vogadroFs no. (at. &ass (eG4* g8mol)
&((% $
"#) Which point defect in crystal does not alter the density of the relevant
solid?
"#) Which point defect in crystal alter the density of solid?
"#) Which point defect in crystal increases the density of solid?
&((% +
"#) What is the no. of atoms in a <++ unit cell of a crystal
&((% $ 0#MPTT
"#/) How are the following properties of crystals afected y ;chott2y &
(ren2el
defects?(i) density (ii) electrical conductivity
"#/) (a) 0n reference to crystal structureE e=plain the meaning of +.!.()
What is
the no. of atoms in a unit cell of (++ & <++ structure
"#9) +u crystalli7es into a (++ lattice with edge length /.*# = #$
1C
cm.
+alculate
the density of +u? (+u G */.4 g8mol)
2010 AI
"#) What type of interaction hold the molecules together in a polar molecular
solid?
"#) ) Ahe density of +u metal is C.)4 g 8 cm/ 0f the radius of +u atom e
#-B.Cpm
0s the unit cell simple cuic E <++ or (++?
( +u G */.49 g 8mol E !
%
G *.$- = #$
-/
mol
1#
)
"#) What type of semiconductor is otained when ;i is doped with %s?
"#)) %g crystalli7es in (++ cuic unit cell. Each side of the unit cell has a
length
of 9$) pm. What is the radius of %g atom.
"#)Write distinguishing feature of metallic solids.
"#)) %g crystalli7es in (++ cuic unit cell. 0f the edge length of unit cell is
9.$B = #$
1C
cm. and density #$.4 g8cm/. +alculate the atomic mass of
%g
(!
%
G *.$- = #$
-/
mol
1#
)
2010 D
"#)Write distinguishing feature of metallic solids from an ionic solid.
"#))0n one unit cell of +a(
-
there are 9+a
-.
and C (
1
ions.+a
-.
are arranged in
(++ lattice.Ahe (
1
ions Hll all tetrahedral holes in the (++ lattice of +a
-.
ionsEAhe edge of the unit cell is 4.9* = #$
1C
cm in lengthEthe density of
solid
is /.#C g8cm
/
.+alculate %vogadroFs no. (&.&. of +a(
-
GBC.$C g8mol)
"#) Which point defect in crystal of solid does not change the density of solid
"#) Which point defect in crystal of solid decreases the density of solid
2010 F
"#) What is the no. of atoms in a unit cell of a simple cuic crystal?
"#)) (e has a <++ unit cell with a cell edge of -C*.*4 pm. Ahe density of (e
is
B.CB g8cm
/
. +alculate %vogadroFs no. (at. &ass (eG4* g8mol)
NEW SAMPLE PAPER I
"#) Why Ii+l acquires pin2 colour when heated in Ii vapours.
"#B) ;odium crystalli7es in <++ unit cell. +alculate the appro=imate no. of
unit
cells in ).- g of sodium (!a G -/)
"#C) What is a semiconductor? 3escrie the two main types of
semiconductors.
NEW SAMPLE PAPER II
"#$) D( has ++@ structure. +alculate the radius of unit cell if the side of the
cue or edge length is 9$$ pm.How many (1 ions and octahedral
voids are
there in this unit cell.
"##) Jive reasons?
(a) Why is (ren2el defect found in %g+l?
(b) What is the diference etween @ doped and Ja doped semiconductors.
NEW SAMPLE PAPER III
")) %u )at.mass #)B u E atE radiusG $.#99 nm) crystalli7es in a (++ unit cell.
3etermine the density of %u.(!
%
G *.$-- = #$
-/
mol
1#
)
"#$) +lassify each as eing either p1type or n1type semiconductor. Jive
reason.
(a);i doped with 0n
() ;i doped with @
2011 AI
")) E=plain how you can determine the at.mass of an un2nown metal if you
2now
its massE density and the dimensions of unit cell of its crystal.
"#$) +alculate the pac2ing eKciency of a metal crystal for a simple cuic
lattice.
"))3eHne the following terms in relation to crystalline solids
(a)Lnit cell () co1ordination no.
Jive one e=ample in each case.
2011 D
"#) +rystalline solids are anisotropic in nature. What does this statement
mean?
"#)) %g crystalli7es in (++ unit cell. Each side of this unit cell has a length of
9$$pm. +alculate the radius of %g atom.
"#) Which stoichiometric defect in crystal increases density of solid?
"#)) Ahe density of lead is ##./4 g8cm/ and the metal crystalli7es with (++
unit
cell. Estimate the radius of lead atom. (@ G -$B g8mol)
2011 F
"#) What is meant y an intrinsic semi conductors?
"#)) %l crystalli7es in ++@. >adius of atom in metal is #-4 pm.
(a)What is the length of side of unit cell?
()How many unit cells are there in #cm/ of %l
"#) How many atoms are there in one unit cell of <++ crystal?
"#)) %g crystalli7es in (++ unit cell. Each side of this unit cell has a length of
9$) pm. +alculate the radius of %g atom.
2010 D COMPTT
"#/) How are the following properties of crystals afected y ;chott2y and
(ren2el defects (i) density (ii) Electrical conductivity.
"#/) (a) 0n reference to crystal structure E e=plain the meaning of
coordination
numer.
( ) What is the numer of atoms in a unit cell of
(i) a (++ structure (ii) a <++ structure
"#9) +opper crystalli7es into an (++ lattice with edge length /.*# = #$
1C
cm.
+alculate the density of copper (+uG */.4 g8mol E!% G *.$-- = #$
-/
8mol)
2010 AI COMPTT
"#) Jive an e=ample of an ionic compound which shows (ren2el defect.
"#)) +opper crystalli7es into an (++ lattice and has a density of C.)/$g8cm/
at
-)/ D . +alculate the radius of copper atom.
(+uG */.4 g8mol E !% G *.$-- = #$
-/
8mol)
2012 AI
"#) how may the conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor e increased?
"#)) copper crystalli7es with (++ unit cell. if the radius of +u atom is
#-B.C pmE calculate the density of +u metal. (at.mass of +u G */.44 u
and !
%
G *.$- = #$
-/
8mol)
"#))iron has <++ unit cell with cell dimension of -C*.*4 pm. 3ensity of iron
is
B.CB g8cm/.use this information to calculate %vogadroFs numer.
(at.mass of (e G 4*.$u)
"#) which stoichiometric defect increases the density of a solid?
"#) what are n1type semiconductors?
2012 D
"#) What is meant y doping?
"#)) Aungsten crystalli7es in ody centred cuic unit cell.0f the edge of the
unit
cell is /#*.4 pm.What is the radius of tungsten atom?
"#)) 0ron has a ody centred cuic unit cell with a cell dimension of -C*.*4
pm
Ahe density of iron is B.CB9 g8cm/ Lse this information to +alculate
%vogadroFs numer.(at. &ass of (e G 44.C94 u)
"#)Write a point of diferences etween a metallic solid and an ionic solid
other
than metallic luster.
2012F
"#)What is meant y the term Mforidden 7oneF in reference to and theory of
solids?
"#)) 0ron has a ody centred cuic unit cell with a cell dimension of -C*.*4
pm
Ahe density of iron is B.CB9 g8cm/ Lse this information to +alculate
%vogadroFs numer.(at. &ass of (e G 44.C94 u)
"#)) ;ilver crystalli7es in (++ unit cell.0f the radius of silver atom is #94 pmE
what is the length of each side of unit cell?
"#)Write a point of diferences etween a metallic solid and an ionic solid
other
than metallic luster.
"#) 3eHne paramagnetism with an e=ample.
2013 AI
")) account for the following?
(i) schott2y defects lower the density related solids.
(ii) +onductivity of silicon increases on doping it with phosphorus
"#$) aluminium crystalli7es in a fcc structure .atomic radius of the metal is
#-4
pm. What is the length of the side of the unit cell of the metal?
")) (a) why does presence of e=cess of lithium ma2es Ii+l crystals pin2?
( ) a solid with cuic crystal is made of two elements @ and ". atoms of "
are at the corners of the cue and @ at the ody centre . what is the formula
of the compound.
"#/) (a) what change occurswhen %g+l is doped with +d+l-?
( ) what type of semiconductor is produced when silicn is doped with
oron
Solid state
FORMULAE :
I0&0A0!J >%30L; >%A0' r.8 r1
('> +s+l ;A>L+AL>E r. (+%A0'! >%300) G$.B/- (+.!.C)
r1 (%!0'! >%300)
('> !a+l ;A>L+AL>E r. (+%A0'! >%300) G$.9#91$.B/- (+.!.*)
r1 (%!0'! >%300)
('> :n; ;A>L+AL>E r. (+%A0'! >%300) G$.--4 N $.9#9 (+.!.9)
r1 (%!0'! >%300)
FORMULA OF ACOMPOUND:
!'. '( '+A%HE3>%I O'03G!
!'. '( AEA>%HE3>%I O'03 G -!
RELATIONSHIP ETWEEN RADIUS OF THE SPHERE AND UNIT CELL
ED!E LEN!TH
;0&@IE a G-r (.+.+. a G 9 8 P- r <.+.+. a G 9
8P/ r
DENSIT" OF THE UNIT CELL
d G 7 & 8 a
/
!
%
G no. of atoms per unit cell = molar mass
(cell edge length)
/
= %vogadroFs !o.
I#$% Poi&ts to 'e &oted:
%; 3E!;0A6 '( EIE&E!A 0; J0OE! 0! g8cm
/
E AHE E3JE IE!JAH 0; A' <E
+H%!JE3 0! cm.
0( O%ILE '( a 0; J0OE! 0! pm AHE! 0A ;H'LI3 <E &LIA0@I0E3 <6#$
1/$
('> !a+l ;A>L+AL>E +EII IE!JAH G - 5 30;A%!+E <EAWEE! !a
.
%!3 +l
1
0'!
0! ;'&E !L&E>0+%I;
d G wt. '( EIE&E!A 5 !'. '( %A'&; @E> L!0A +EII
(+EII E3JEIE!JAH)
/
5 !'. '( %A'&; @>E;E!A 0! EIE&E!A
& 0; %A. &%;; 0! +%;E '( EIE&E!A; %!3 &'I%> &%;; 0! +%;E '( 0'!0+
&'IE+LIE I0DE !a+l
(ALUE OF )
;0&@IE +L<E G # <.+.+. G - (.+.+. G 9
+s+l G # E !a+l G 9 E:n; G 9
*+estio& a&,
-Sol+tio&s. / #a0,s
"##) 3iagram of >.'. given. (i)!ame the process occurring in the aove
plant.
(ii) Ao which container does the net Qow of solvent ta2e place?
(iii) !ame one ;@& which can e used in this plant.
(i) Jive the practical use of the plant.
"#)) Heptane & 'ctane form an ideal solution at /B/ D. Ahe O.@. of the pure
liquid at this temperature is #$4.- D@a & 9*.C D@a resp. if the solution
contains -4g of heptanes & -C.4 g of octane. +alculate
(i) O.@. e=erted y heptanes (ii) O.@. e=erted y solution
(iii)mole fraction of octane in theO.@.
"*) What is vanFt Hof factor for a compound which undergoes
tetrameri7ation in
an organic compound ?
"))Ethylene glycol (&.&. G *- g8mol) is an antifree7e. +alculate (.@. of
solution
containing #-.9 g of sustance in #$$ g of water. Would it e advisale
to
2eep the sustance in the car radiator during summer
(2
f
for water G #.C* DDg8mol E D
for waterG $.4#- DDg8mol)

"#C) >eason? (a) %t higher altitude people sufer from a disease called
ano=ia. 0n
this disease they ecome wea2 & canFt thin2 clearly.
() When Hg0
-
is added to D0 E the (.@. is raised?
"-C) (a) 3erive relationship etween relative lowering of O.@. & mole fraction
of
the volatile liquid
()(i) <en7oic acid completely dimerises in en7ene. What will e the O.@.
of a solution containing *# g of en7oic acid per 4$$ g en7ene when
the O.@. of pure en7ene at the temp. of e=periment is **.* Aorr.
(ii) What would have een the O.@. in the asence of dimeri7ation.
(iii) 3erive a relationship etween mole fraction & O.@. of a component of
an ideal solution in the liquid phase & vapour phase.
"-C) (a) Which aqueous solution has higher concentration #& or # molal
solution
of the same mole? Jive reason.
(b) $.4 g D+l was dissolved in #$$ g water & the solution originally at -$
$+
E
fro7e at 1$.-9
$+
+alculate , ioni7ation of salt (DfG #.C* DDg 8mol)
&(() $
"##) ;tate HenryFs law correlating the pressure of a gas & its soluility in a
solvent & mention two applications for the law.
"-$) +alculate the temp. at which a solution containing 49 g of glucose
(+
*
H
#-
'
*
) in -4$ g of water will free7e (D
f
for water G#.C* DDg8mol)
")) ;tate >aoultFs law for solution of volatile liquids ta2ing suitale
e=amples. E=plain the meaning of positive & negative deviations from
>aoultFlaw.
")) 3eHne the term '.@. 3escrie how the mol.mass of a sustance can e
determined y a method ased on measurement of '.@.
&(() A*
"-$) % solution containing C g. of sustance in #$$ g of diethyl ether oils at
/*.C*
$+
whereas pure ether oils at /4.*
$+
3etermine the mol.mass of
solute.( D for ether G -.$- DDg8mol)
"-$) +alculate the temperature at which a solution containing 49 g of
glucose
(+
*
H
#-
'
*
) in -4$ g of water will free7e.(D
f
for water G #.C* DDg8mol)
&(() +
"/) (a) ;tate how the O.@E of a solvent is afected when a non volatile is
dissolved
in it .
( )% 4, solution ( y mass ) of cane sugar in water has a (.@. -B#D
+alculate the (.@. of 4, (y mass) solution of glucose in water.
((.@. of water is -B/.#4DE&.&.of sugar G /9-g8mol & &.&. of glucose
G #C$ g8mol)
"9) (a) 0f density of water of a la2e is #.-4 g8mol & # 2g of la2e water
contains
)-g of !a
.
ions. +alculate the molarity of !a
.
ions in this la2e
water.
()+alculate the mass of a non volatile solute ( mol mass 9$ g8mol)
which
should e dissolved in ##9 g of octane to reduce its O.@. to C$ ,
(&.&. of octane G ##9 g 8mol )
&(() $ 0#MPTT
"-C) (a) Ahe depression of (.@. of water oserved for the same molar conc
n
of
acetic acidE trichloroacetic acid & triQouroacetic acid increases in
the
order as stated aove .E=plain .
( )+alculate the depression in (.@. of water when -$ g of
+H
/
+H
-
+H(+l) +''H is added to 4$$ g of water.
(Da G#.9 =#$
1/
E DfG #.C*DDg 8mol)
"-C) (a) ;tate HenryFs law & mention its two important applications.
(b) HenryFs law constant for +'
-
dissolving in water is #.*B = #$
C
@a at
-)C D. +alculate the quantity of +'
-
in #I of soda water when
pac2ed under -.4 atm +'
-
pressure at -)C D.
&(() A* 0#MPTT
")) What is meant y negative deviation from >aoultFs law? 3raw diagram to
illustrate the relationship etween O.@. & mole fraction of components in
a
solution to represent negative deviation.
"-$) Ahe .p. elevation of $./g of acetic acid in #$$g en7ene is $.$*//D.
+alculate the molar mass of acetic acid from this data.What conclusion
can
you draw aout the molecular state of the solute in solution?
(D
for en7ene G -.4/DDg8mol)

"#C) 3istinguish etween the terms molality & molarity.Lnder what
conditions
are the molarity & molality of a solution nearly the same?
"-*) Ahe (.@. of a solution containing $.- g of acetic acid in -$ g of en7ene
is
lowered y $.94
$
+alculate (i) the mol.mass of acetic acid from this
data.
(ii) vanFt Hof factor
(Df en7ene G 4.#- D Dg8mol) What conclusion can you draw from the
value of
vanFt Hof factor otained.
"#/) What are non ideal solutions? Jive one e=ample.E=plain as to why non
ideal
solution deviate from >aoultFs law.
"-#) +alculate the amount of D+l which must e added to #$$ g of water so
that
water free7es at N-
$+
%ssume that D+l undergoes complete
dissociation.
(Df G #.C*DDg8mol E DG/)E+lG/4.4)
&((% A*
"-C) (a) 3eHne (i) mole fraction (ii) vanFt Hof factor
()#$$mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to ma2e #$ ml of a
solution.0f this solution has an '.@. of #/./ mm Hg at -4
$+
What is the
molar mass of protein? (>G $.$C-# Iatm8mol8D & B*$ mm HgG#atm)
"-C) (a) What is meant y (i) +olligative property (ii) molality of solution
()What concentration of !
-
should e present in a glass of water at
room temp.?%ssume temp. of -4
$+
E a total pressure of # atm & mole
fraction of !
-
in air of $.BC
(D
H
for !
-
G C.9- = #$ NB &8mmHg)
&((% $
"#/) 3iferentiate etween molality & molarity of solution.What is the efect
of
change in temp. of a solution on its molality or molarity?
"#)) +alculate (.@. depression e=pected for $.$B## m aq.solution of !a
-
;'
9
.
0f
this solution actually free7es at N$./-
$+
What would e the value of
vanFt
Hof factor (Df for water G #.C*DDg8mol)
&((% +
"-) What is reverse osmosis?
&((% $ 0#MPTT
"4) 3eHne the term 'smotic @ressure.
"*) ;tate the main advantage of molality over molarity as the unit of
+oncentration
"-B) +alculate the amount of !a+l which must e added to # 2g of water is
depressed y /D. ( Df G #.C*DDg8molE !aG-/E+lG/4.4)
"4) ;tate >aoultFs law for solution of volatile liquid.
"*) 3eHne ideal solution
"#)) % solution of urea in water has a .p. /B/.#-CD +alculate the (.@. of the
same solution. (Df G #.C*Dm
1#
E DG$.4-Dm
1#
)
"-/) $.# mole of acetic acid was dissolved in # 2g of en7ene. 3epression in
(.@.
of en7ene was determined to e $.-4*D. What is the state of
solution?
(Df for en7ene G 4.#-D8m)
2010 AI
")) 3eHne the term osmosis and osmotic pressure.What is the advantage of
using '.@. as compared to other colligative properties for the
determination
of molar masses of solute in solution.
"-$) What mass of !a+l ( &.&. G 4C.4 g8mol) must e dissolved in *4 g of
water
to lower the (.@. y B.4
$+
? Ahe (.@. depression constant D
f
for water is
#.C* D2g8mol. %ssume that vanFt Hof factor for !a+l is #.CB.
"-$) What mass of ethylene glycol (&.& G *- g8mol) must e added to 4.4
2g of
water to lower the (.@. of water from $ $ + to N #$
$+
?
(D
f
for water G #.C* D2g8mol)
"-$) #4 g of an un2nown molecular sustance was dissolved in 94$ g of
water .
Ahe resulting solution free7es at N $./9
$+
What is the molar mass of
sustance?
(D
f
for water G #.C* D2g8mol)
"-) 3iferentiate etween molarity and molality of a solution.
2010 D
"))!on ideal solution e=hiits either .ve or Nve deviation from >aoultFs
law.What
are these deviations and why they are caused?E=plain with one e=ample
of
each.
"-$) % solution prepared y dissolving #.-4 g of oil of winter green in )) g
en7ene has a .p. of C$./#
$+
.3etermine the molar mass of this
compound.
( .p. of pure en7ene G C$.#$
$+
. and D for en7ene G -.4/
$+
2g8mol.)
"-$) % solution of glycerol(&.&. G )- g8mol) in water was prepared y
dissolving
some glycerol in 4$$ g of water.Ahis solution has a .p. of #$$.9-
$+
What
mass of glycerol was dissolved to ma2e the solution.
(D for water G $.4#- D2g8mol)
2010 F
%ll questions repeated
NEW SAMPLE PAPER I
"-C) (a)&enthol is a crystalline sustance with peppermint taste. % *.-,
solution'f menthol in cyclohe=ane free7es at1#.)4$ +. 3etermine the
formula mass of menthol.Ahe (.@. and molal depression constant of
cyclohe=ane are *.4
$+
and -$.- D m
1#
respectivelyE
() ;tate HenryFlaw and mention its two important applications.
( c ) Which of the following has higher .p. and why?
$.#& !a+l or $.#& glucose
"-C)(a) 3eHne a7eotropes and e=plain rieQy minimum oiling a7eotrope y
ta2ing suitale e=ample.
( ) Ahe O.@. of pure liquids % and < are 94$ mm and B$$ mm of Hg
respectively at /4$ D.+alculate the composition of liquid mi=ture
if
total O.@E is *$$ mmHg.%lso Hnd th composition of the mi=ture in
vapour phase.
NEW SAMPLE PAPER II
"#/) ;tate >aoultFs law for a solution containing volatile liquids.E=plain with
suitale e=ample the concept of ma=. oiling a7eotrope.
"-9)'n dissolving #).4 g of +H-(+''H in 4$$ g of water a depression of #
$+
in
(.@. of water is oserved. +alculate the vanFt Hof factor and
dissociation
constant of Qouro acetic acidE Jiven Df G #.C*D2g8mol
"#) % and < liquids on mi=ing produce a warm solution. Which type of
deviation
from >aoultFs law is there?
"##) 3etermine the molarity of an antifree7e solution containing -4$ g water
mi=ed with --- g ethylene glycol. Ahe density of the solution is #.$B
g8ml
"#-)%n aqueous solution containing urea was found to have.p. more than
the
normal .p. of water(/#/.#/D)When the same solution was cooled it
was
found that its (.@E is les than the normal .p. of water(-B/.#/D)
E=plain these oservations
2011 AI
"##);tate the following.
(a)>aoultFs law in its general formin reference to solutions
()HenryFs law aout partial pressure of a gas in a mi=ture
"#)) % solution prepared y dissolving C.)4 mg of a gene fragment in /4 ml
of
Water has an '.@. of $.//4 Aorr at -4 $ O %ssuming that the gene
fragment
is a non electrolyteEcalculate its molar mass.
"#))What mass of !a+l must e dissolved in *4 g of water to lower the (.@. of
water yB.4 $+?AheDf for water is#.C* $+8m. %ssume vanFt Hof factor
for
!a+l is#.CB(&.&. of !a+l is #.CB(&.&. of !a+lG4C.4 g)
"-)What is reverse osmosis?
"/)3iferentiate etween molarity and molality values for solution.What is
the
efect of change in temperature on molarity and molality values?
2011 D
"-C) (a) 3iferentiate etween molarity and molality for a solution. How does
a
change in temperature inQuence their values.
( ) +alculate (.@. of aq. solution containing #$.4 g of &g<r- in -$$g of
water (&& of &g<r- G #C9g) (Df for water G #.C* D2g8mol)
"-C) (a) 3eHne osmosis and osmotic pressure. 0s the '.@.of a solution a
colligative property? E=plain.
( )+alculate the .p. of a solution prepared y adding #4 g of !a+l to
-4$ g
of water.(Df for water G $.4#- D2g8mol E &.&. of !a+l G 4C.99g)
"-C) (a) repeated
( ) What would e the &.&. of a compound if *.-# g of it dissolved in
-9 g of
chloroform a solution that has a .p. of *C.$9
$+
. Ahe .p. of pure
chloroform is *#.B
$+
. ( D for chloroform G /.*/
$+
8m)
2011 F
"-) ;tate HenryFs law aout partial pressure of a gas in a mi=ture.
")) 3iferentiate etween molarity and molality for a solution. E=plain how
molarity value of a solution can e converted into its molality.
"#$) % $.4*# m solution of an un2nown electrolyte depresses the (.@. of
water
y -.)/
$+
. What is vanFt Hof factor for this electrolyte. (Df G #.C*
$+
82g8mol)
2010 D COMPTT
"4) 3eHne the term 'smotic @ressure.
"*) ;tate the main advantage of molality over molarity as the unit of
concentration.
"-B) +alculate the amount of !a+l which must e added to one 2g of water
so
that the (.@. of water is depressed y /D.
(Df G #.C* D2g 8molE!a G-/E +lG/4.4)
"9) ;tate >aoultFs law for a solution of volatile liquids
"#)) % solution of urea in water has a .p. of /B/.#-CD.+alculate the (.@. of
the
;ame solution.(Df for water G #.C*D8m E D G $.4- D8m)
"#) 3eHne an ideal solution.
"-/) $.# mole of acetic acid was dissolved in # 2g of en7ene. 3epression in
(.@. of en7ene was determined to e $.-4* D . What conclusion can
you
draw aout the state of the solute in solution (Df for en7ene G 4.#-
D8m)
2010 AI COMPTT
"-) 3eHne the termE mole fraction.
")) ;tate HenryFs law and mention its two important applications.
"#$) +alculate the mass of ascoric acid (+*HC'*) to e dissolved in B4 g of
acetic acid to lower its melting point y #.4
$+

(Df for acetic acid G /.) D2g 8mol)
"#B) (ind the .p. of a solution containing $.4-$ g of glucose (+*H#-'*)
dissolved in C$.- g of water.(D for water G$.4- D8m)
"#C)3eHne the term &olarity of a solution. ;tate one disadvantage in using
the
molarity as the unit of concentration.
"#/) (ind the f.p. of a solution containing $.4-$ g of glucose (+*H#-'*)
dissolved in C$.- g of water.(Df for water G #.C* D8m)
2012 AI
"-C) (a) deHne the following terms?
(i) &ole fraction
(ii) 0deal solution
() #4 g of an un2nown molecular material is dissolved in 94$ g of
water.
the resulting solution free7es at 1$./9
$
+. what is the molar mass of
the material?(Df for water G #.C* D2g 8mol)
"-C) (a) e=plain the following?
(i) HenryFs law aout dissolution of gases in a liquid
(ii) <oiling point elevation constant for a solvent
()a solution of glycerol (+/HC'
/
) in water was prepared y dissolving some
glycerol in 4$$ g of water. this solution has .p.of #$$.9-
$
+.what mass
of
glycerol was dissolved to ma2e this solution?
(D for water G $.4#- D 2g 8mol. )
2012D
"))% # molal aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid is heated to its .p. Ahe
solution has the .p. of #$$.#C $+.3etermine the vanFt Hof factor for
trichloroacetic acid.(D for water G $.4#-D2g8mol)
"-$) +alculate the amount of D+l which must e added to #2g of water so
that
the f.p. is depressed y -D.(Df for water G #.C*D2g8mol)
"-$) a solution of glycerol (+/HC'
/
) in water was prepared y dissolving
some
glycerol in 4$$ g of water. this solution has .p.of #$$.9-
$
+.what mass
of
glycerol was dissolved to ma2e this solution?
(D for water G $.4#- D 2g 8mol. )
"-$) #4 g of an un2nown molecular material is dissolved in 94$ g of water.
the resulting solution free7es at 1$./9
$
+. what is the molar mass of
the material?(Df for water G #.C* D2g 8mol)
2012 F
")) (a) 3eHne the following terms?
(i) OanFt Hof factor
(ii) &ole fraction
(iii) Eullioscopic constant
();tate >aoultFs law
")) the density of water of a la2e is#.-4 g8ml and #2g of this water contains
)- g
of !a
.
ions.What is the molarity of !a
.
ions in the water of the la2e?
(at.mass of !a G -/ u )
"-$) %t -4
$+
the saturated O.@. of water is /.#*4 2@a (-/.B4 mm Hg). (ind the
saturated vapour pressure of a 4, aqueous solution of urea
(caramide) at
the same temperature. ( molar mass of urea G *$.$4 g8mol)
"-$) +alculate the (.@. depression e=pected for $.$B## m aqueous solution of
sodium sulphate. 0f the solution actually free7es at 1$./-$
$+
Ewhat is the
actual value of vanFt Hof factor at this temperature?
(Df for water G#.C*D2g8mol)
2013 AI
"-C) (a) state >aoultFs law for a solution containing volatile components.
How does >aoultFs law ecome a special case of HenryFs law?
( ) #.$$ g of a non electrolyte solute dissolved in 4$ g of en7ene
lowered the free7ing point of en7ene y $.9$ D. (ind the molar mass
of the solute. (Df for en7ene G 4.#- D2g mol 1#)
"-C) (a) deHne the following trms?
(i) 0deal solution
(ii) %7eotrope
(iii) 'smotic pressure
( ) a solution of glucose (+*H#-'*) in water is laeled as #$ , y
weight. What would e the molality of the solution?
(molar mass of glucose G #C$ g mol 1#)
SOLUTION:
FORMULAE
1T' 2 3'% 4 %1000
M %4A
1T5 2 35% 4 %1000
M %4A

1 % ( 2 4 % R T
M
FOR IONIC SOLUTE:
1T' 2 i 3' 6 #

1T5 2 i 35 6 #
1 2 i C R T
THE (ALUE OF i MA" E CONSIDERED 1007 IF IONI8ATION IS
NOT !I(EN
NOTE: DON9T CHAN!E THE UNIT OF 1T' OR 1T5 FROM
0
C
TO 3
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
IF THE (ALUE OF R IS !I(EN 0%0:3 L'a0 ;#ol%3 < 1
SHOULD E IN 'a0
(OLUME OF SOLUTION WOULD E IN LITRES%
WEI!HT OF SOLUTE SHOULD E IN =#%
TEMP% SHOULD E IN 3EL(IN
37 SOLUTION MEANS 4 2 3= > (ol% is 100 #l%
RAOULT9S LAW:
FOR (OLATILE COMPONENT:
P1 2 P
0
1 6?1

P2 2 P
0
2 6 ?2
TOTAL (%P% OF SOLUTION P 2 P1 @ P2
FOR NON (OLATILE COMPONENT:
FOR DILUTE SOLUTION
E?PRESSION OF CONCENTRATION:
MOLE FRACTION ?A 2 &A;&A @&
MolalitA -#. 2 4 6 1000 -&o% o5 #oles $0ese&t i& 1,=
solBe&t.
M 64A
Mola0itA -M. 2 2 4 6 1000 --&o% o5 #oles $0ese&t i&
1L sol+tio&.
M 6(ol -#l.
RELATION SHIP ETWEEN MOLARIT" AND MOLALIT"
# 2 MCCCCCCCCCCCC
dDM;100
HENR"9S LAW:
P 2 3
H
6 ?
(AN9T HOFF FACTOR:
i 2 NORMAL M%M%; ANORMAL M%M%
2 OSER(ED ;CALCULATED
i E 1 -ASSO. i F 1 -DISSO. i 2 1 -NO ASSO OR DISSO.
FOR COMPLETE DISSOCIATION i 5o0 3Cl 2 2 <5o0 CH3COOH
2 G <5o0 32SOH 23
DE!REE OF DISSOCIATION
2 2 i D 1 ; & D1
DE!REE OF ASSOCIATION
2 2 i D 1 ; 1;& D1
*+estio& a&,
-EleIt0oIJe#ist0A. / #a0,s
Q12) Write the chemical equations for the steps involved in rusting of iron.
Jive
one method to prevent rusting of iron
Q20) (or the galvanic cell
&g(s) . -%g
.
($.$$$#& &g
-.
($.#&) . -%g(s)
E
$
&g
-.
8&g G 1-./*OE E
$
%g
.
8%g G $.C#O
+alculate EcellEE
$
cell. Write cell representation.Will the reaction e
spontaneous?
"-))(a)+alculate the eq. +onst. for the reaction :n . +d
-.
:n
-.
. +d
E
$
+d
-.
8+d G 1$.9$/OE E
$
:n
-.
8:n G 1$.B*/O
() When a current of $.B4% is passed through a +u;'
9
solution for -4
min.
$./*) g of +u is deposited at the cathode. +alculate at. mass of +u
(c ) Aarnished %g contains %g
-
; +an this tarnish e removed y placing
tarnished %g ware in an %l pan containing an electrolytic solution
such
as !a+l.Ahe E
$
for half reactions are %g
-
;
%g
-
; . -e -%g . ;
-1
is N$.#BO
%l
/.
./e %l is 1#.**O
"-)) (a) +alculate RJ
$
for the following reaction at -4
$+

%u . +a
-.
($.#&)

%u
/.
(#&) . +a
E
$
%u
/.
8%u G .#.4OE E
$
+d
-.
8+d G 1$.9$/O
@redict whether the reaction will e spontaneous or not at -4
$+
Which
of the
aove two half cells will act as an '.%. & which one will e a >.%.
()Ahe conductivity of $.$$#& acetic acid is 9 = #$
N4
;8cm +alculate the
dissociation const. of acetic acid if limiting molar conductivity for acetic
acid
is /)$.4 ;cm
-
8mol
"#$) &olar conductivity vs square root of conc. is given
(a)What can you say aout the nature of the two electrolytes % & <
()How do you account for the increases in molar conductivity for
strong electrolyte % & wea2 electrolyte < on dilution.
"#)) (a) % current of #.4 % was passed through an electrolytic cell containing
%g!'/ soln. With an inert electrodes. Ahe weight of %g deposited
was
#.4 g How long did the current Qow?
()Write the reactions ta2ing place at the anode & cathode in the
aove cell.
(c)Jive reactions ta2ing place at the two electrodes if these are
made up of %g.
&(() $
"-C) +onductivity of $.$$-9#& acetic acid solution is B.C)*=#$
N4
; cm
1#

+alculate its molar conductivity in this soln. 0f limiting molar
conductivity
for acetic acid e /)$.4;cm
-
mol
1#
What would e the its dissociation
const?
"-C) Ahree electrolytic cells %E<E+ containing soln. of :n;'
9
E%g!'
/
E+u;'
9
resp.
are connected in series % steady current of #.4 % was passed through
them
until #.94 g of %g was deposited at the cathode of cell < How long did
the
current Qow? What mass of +u & what mass of :n were
deposited in the concerned cell?(%g G #$CE :n G *4.9 E+u G*/.4)
"-) What is primary cell? Jive one e=ample
"#$) Ahe conductivity of a $.-& soln. of D+l at -)C D is $.$-9C ;cm
1#
.
+alculate
its molar conductivity.
"##) (ormulate the galvanic cell in which the following reaction tale place
:n . -%g
.
:n
-.
. -%g
(i) Which one of its electrodes is negatively charged?
(ii) Ahe reaction ta2ing place at each of its electrode
(iii) Ahe carriers of current within & out side this cell.
"-) E=press the relation etween conductivity & molar conductivity of a soln.
"#$) Ahe resistance of cond. +ell containing $.$$# & D+l soln. at -)C D is
#4$$
ohm What is the cell const. if the conductivity of $.$$# & soln. at -)C
D is
$.#9* = #$
N/
; cm
1#
&(() A*
"#$) 3epict the Jalvanic cell for the reaction
:n . -%g
.
:n
-.
. -%g
What are the carriers of current inside and outside the cell.;tate the
reactions at each electrode.
200: F
>epeated "uestions.
&(() $ 0#MPTT
"*) 0llustrate with the help of diagram how the molar conductivities of a
(i) strong electrolyte (ii) wea2 electrolyte
vary with dilution of soln. Jive reason for this variation
"-$) +alculate E
$
cell for the following.
-+r . /+d
-.
-+r
/.
. /+d +alculate RJ
$
& eq. +onst. D of the aove
reaction
at -4
$+
(E
$
+d
-.
8+d G 1$.9$OE E
$
+r
/.
8+r G 1$.B9O)
&(() A* 0#MPTT
"-C) (a) E=plain why electrolysis of an aq. ;oln. of !a+l gives H
-
at cathode
& +l
-

at anode. (E
$
!a
.
8!a G 1-.B#OE E
$
H
-
'8H
-
G 1$.C/OE E
$
+l
-
8-+l1 G
.#./*O
E
$
-H
.
8#8-'
-
8H
-
' G .#.-/O)
()Ahe resistance of cond. +ell containing $.$4 & soln of an
electrolyte 5 at 9$
$+
is #$$ ohm Ahe same cell is Hlled with $.$#&
soln. of electrolyte. 6 has a resistance of 4$ ohm Ahe cond. of $.$4
& soln of electrolyte 5 is #.$ = #$
N9
;cm
1#
+alculate
(i)cell const. (ii) conductivity of $.$# & 6 soln.(iii) molar conductivity
of
$.$#& 6 soln.
"-C) (a) ;tate Dohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. How can the
degree of dissociation
of acetic acid in a soln. to e calculated from its molar conductivity
data.
()(i) (ormulate the galvanic cell -+r . /(e
-.
-+r
/.
. /(e
(ii)+alculate E
$
cell.
(iii)+alculate Ecell at -4
$+
if S+r
/.
T G $.#& E S(e
-.
T G $.$# &
(E
$
+r
/.
8+r G 1$.B9O E E
$
(e
-.
8(e G 1$.99O)
&((% A*
")) What type of cell is a lead storage attery? Write the anode & cathode
reaction & the overall reactions occurring in the use of a lead storage
attery.
"))Awo half cell reactions of an electrochemical cells are given elow.
&n'
9
1
. CH
.
. 4 e &n
-.
. 9H
-
' E
$
G .#.4#O
;n
-.
;n
9.
. -e E
$
G

.$.#4O
+onstruct the redo= equation from the two half cell reactions & predict if
this
reaction favours formation of reactants or product shown in the
equation.
"-#) % +u1%g cell is set up. Ahe +u
-.
concentration in it is $.#& Ahe %g
.

concentration is not 2nown. Ahe cell potential measured $.9--O
3etermine
concentration of %g
.
in the cell.
Jiven? (E
$
%g
.
8%g G $.C$OEE
$
+u
-.
8+u G .$.C$O)
"-#) % voltaic cell is set up at -4
$+
with the following half cells
%l8%l
/.
($.$$#&) & !i8!i
-.
($.4&)
Write the equation for the cell reaction that occurs when the cell
generates
an electric current & determine the cell potential.
(E
$
!i
-.
8!i G 1$.-4OE E
$
%l
/.
8%l+r G 1#.**O)
&((% $
"-C) (a) 3eHne molar conductivity of a sustance & descrie how far wea2 &
strong electrolyteEmolar cond. +hanges with conc. of solute . How is
such
change. E=plain.
() % voltaic cell is set up at -4
$+
%g
.
($.$$#&)8%g & +u
-.
($.#&)8+u
What would e the voltage of this cell? (E
$
cell. . $.9*O)
"-C)(a) ;tate the relationship amongst cell const. of a cellEresistance of the
soln.
in the cell & cond. 'f soln. How is molar cond. 'f a solute related to
cond.
'f its soln.
() +alculate D for the reaction (e. +d
-.
(e
-.
. +d
(E
$
(e
-.
8(e G 1$.99OE E
$
+d
-.
8+d G 1$.9$O)
"-C) (a) 3eHne molar conductivity.How is it related to cond. 'f the related
soln.
()'ne half cell in voltaiccell is constructedfrom a silver wire dipped
in %g!'
/
soln. of un2nown conc.0ts other half cell consists of a
:nelectrode dipping in #.$ & soln. of :n(!'
/
)
-
.% voltage of #.9CO is
measured for this cell. +alculate S%g
.
T
(E
$
:n-
.
8:n G 1$.B*OE E
$
%g
.
8%g G $.C$O)
"-C)(a) +orrosion is essentially an electrochemical phenomenon. E=plain the
reactions occurring during the corrosion of iron 2ept in an open
atmosphere.
() +alculate D for the reaction (e. +d
-.
(e
-.
. +d
(E
$
(e
-.
8(e G 1$.99OE E
$
+d
-.
8+d G 1$.9$O)
&((% +
>epeated "uestions
&((% $ 0#MPTT
"-C ) (a) E=plain why electrolysis of an aq. ;oln. of !a+l gives H
-
at cathode
&
+l
-
at anode. (E
$
!a
.
8!a G 1-.B#OE E
$
H
-
'8H
-
G 1$.C/OE E
$
+l
-
8-+l1 G
.#./*O
E
$
-H
.
8#8-'
-
8H
-
' G .#.-/O)
()Ahe resistance of cond. +ell containing $.$$# & D+l soln. at -)C D
is
#4$$ ohm What is the cell const. if the conductivity of $.$$# &
soln. at -)C D is $.#9* = #$
N/
; cm
1#
"-C) (a)+alculate emf for the given cell at 4 $+ +r8+r
/.
($.#&)88(e
-.
($.$#&)8(e
(E
$
(e
-.
8(e G 1$.99OE E
$
+r
/.
8+r G 1$.B9O)
()+alculate the strength of current required to deposit #.- g &g from
molten &g+l- in # hour. S#( G)*4$$+8mol at.mass &g G-9T
2010 AI
"-) What is meant y Iimiting molar conductivity?
"##) Jiven that E
$
of metals are D.8D G 1-.)/OE%g.8%g G $.C$OE
+u-.8+u G $./9OE&g-.8&g G 1-./BOE+r/.8+r G 1$.B9OE(e-.8(e G
1$.99O.
%rrange these metals in increasing order of their reducing power.
"##) Awo half reactions of an electrochemical cells are given elow
&n'91 . CH. . 4e &n-. . 9 H-' E
$
G .#.4#O
;n-. ;n9. . -e E
$
G .$.#4O
+ostruct the redo= reaction equation from the two half reactions and
calculate the cell potentials and predict if the reaction is reactant or
product favoured?
"#$) E=press the relation among cell constantE the resistance of the solution
in
the cell and conductivity of solution.How is the conductivity of solution
related to its molar conductivity?
2010 D
"-C)(a);tate Dohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.Write an
e=pression for the molar conductivity of acetic acid at inHnite dilution
according to Dohlrausch law.
()+alculate limiting molar conductivity for acetic acid. Jiven that limiting
molar
conductivity of H+lE!a+lE+H/+''!a are 9-*E#-*E)# ;cm- mol1#
respectively.
"-C)(a) Write the anode and cathode reactions and overall reactions
occurring
in a lead storage attery.
( )% +u1%g cell is set up S+u-.TG$.#& S%g.T is not 2nown. Ahe cell potential
when measured was $.9--O.3etermine the concentration of %g. ions in
the
cell.(Jiven E
$
%g.8%g G $.C$OE E
$
+u-.8+u G $./9O)
2010 F
")) Write the anode and cathode reactions occurring in a commonly used Hg
N
cell. How is the overall reaction represented?
"-$)'ne Half cell in a voltaic cell is constructed from %g wire dipped in
%g!'/
solution of un2nown concentration .Ahe other half cell consists of :n
electrode in $.#& solution of :n(!'/)-.% voltage of #.9CO is measured for
this
cell.+alculate concentration of %g!'/ solution.
(Jiven E
$
%g.8%g G $.C$OE E
$
:n-.8:n G 1 $.B*/O)
"-$) % voltaic cell is set up at -4
$
+ with the following half cells %l/.
($.$$#&) and
!i-. ($.4&) Write equation and determine Ecell.
(Jiven E
$
%l/.8%l G 1#.** OE E
$
!i-.8!i G 1 $.-4O)
NEW SAMPLE PAPER I
"-) Write the product otained at anode on electrolysis of conc. H-;'9 using
@t
electrode.
")) (i) (or a wea2 electrolyte molar conductance in dilute solution increases
sharply as the concentration in solution is decreased . Jive reason.
(ii) Write overall cell reaction for lead storage attery when the attery
is eing charged.
"#))(a)+alculate the charge in +ouloms required for o=idation of - moles of
water to o=ygen.(# ( G )*4$$ +8mol)
( ) :n8Hg o=ide cell is used in hearing aids and electric
watches.Ahe following reactions occur
:n(s) :n-. . - e E
$
:n-.8:n G 1 $.B*O)
Hg-'.H-' . -e -Hg . -'H
1
E
$
Hg.8Hg G 1 $./99O)
+alculate (i) standard potential of the cell
(ii ) standard JiFs energy
NEW SAMPLE PAPER II
"#-) 3escrie the construction of a H- N'- fuel cell and the reactions ta2ing
place in it.
"#-) 3eHne the terms given elow.
(a)+onductivity () molar conductivity
Wh at are their units?
"#)) Jive reasons?
(a)Why does an al2aline medium inhiit the rusting of iron?
() Why does a dry cell ecome dead after a long time even if it has not
een
used?
( c ) Why is :n etter than ;n in protecting iron from corrosion?

"-C) (a) Awo electrolytic cells containing %g!'/ solution and dil. H+l solution
were connected in series % steady current of -.4 % was passed
through
them till #.$BC g of %g was deposited. S%g G #$B.C g8molE #( G )*4$$
+T
(i) How much electricity was consumed?
(ii) What was the weight of '- gas lierated?
()Jive reasons?
(i) >usting of iron pipe can e prevented y Uoining it with a piece
of &g
(ii) +onductivity of an electrolyte solution decreases with the
decrease in concentration.
"-C)(a) What is a fuel cell? What is the main advantage?
( ) What are the reactions occurring at the cathode and anode of a
Iachlanche cell?
(c) 0n a utton cell widely used for watches and other devices the
following reactions ta2es place
:n(s).Hg-'.H-' -Hg . -'H
1
. :n-.

Jive the cell representation and determine the value of Dc for the
aove reactions using the following data. :n(s) :n-. . - e
E
$
:n-.8:n G 1 $.B*O)
Hg-'.H-' . -e -Hg . -'H
1
(

E
$
Hg.8Hg G 1 $./99O)
:n-. . - e :n(s) ( E
$
:n-.8:n G 1 $.B*O)
2011 AI
"-C) (a) What type of cell is a lead storage attery? Write the anode &
cathode
reaction & the overall reactions occurring in the use of a lead storage
attery.
( ) +alculate the potential for half cell containing $.#& D-+r-'B (aq) E $.-&
+r/.(aq)and #.$ = #$ 19 & H..Ahe half cell reaction is
+r-'B -1 (aq) . #9 H.(aq) . * e - +r/.(aq) . B H-'(l)
%nd the standard electrode potential is given as E
$
G #.//O
"-C) (a) How many moles ofHg will e produced y electroly7ing #&
Hg(!'/)-
solution with a current of - % for / hours? SHg(!'/)- G -$$.* g8molT
$
+ with the following half cells %l/. ($.$$#&)
and
!i-. ($.4&) Write equation and determine Ecell.
(Jiven E
$
%l/.8%l G 1#.** OE E
$
!i-.8!i G 1 $.-4O)
2011 D
"-) E=press the relation etween conductivity and molar conductivity of a
solution held in a cellF
")) Ahe chemistry of corrosion of iron is an electrochemical phenomenon.
E=plain the reactions occurring in the corrosion of iron in the
atmosphere.
"#$) 3etermine the value of Dc and R J
$
for !i . -%g
.
!i
-.
. -%g
(E$ cell G #.$4O)
2011 F
"##) 3etermine the value of Dc and R J
$
for !i . -%g
.
!i
-.
. -%g
(E$ cell G #.$4O)
$+
%l
/.
($.$$# &) and !i
-.
($.4 &) Write the cell reaction and determine
the
cell potential. (E
$
!i
-.
8!i G $.-4CO E E
$
%l
/.
8%l G 1#.** O)
2010 D COMPTT
"-C)(a) E=plain why electrolysis of aq. solution of !a+l gives H- at cathode
and
+l- at anode.Write overall reaction.
( E
$
!a
.
8!a G 1 -.B# OEE
$
H
-
'8H
-
G 1 $.C/ OE E
$
+l
-
8+l
1
G . #./*OE
E
$
H
.
8H
-
8H
-
' G . #.-/O)
( ) Ahe resistance of a conductivity cell containing $.$$# & D+l solution at
-)CD
is #4$$ V +alculate the cell constant if conductivity of $.$$#& D+l
solution at
-)C D is $.#9* = #$
1/
;8cm.
"-C) (a) +alculate the emf for the given cell at -4
$+
.
+r8+r
/.
($.#&)88(e
-.
($.$#&)8(e
(E
$
+r
/.
8+r G 1$.B9O E E
$
(e
-.
8(e G 1$.99 O)
( ) +alculate the strength of the current required to deposit #.- g of &g from
molten &g+l
-
in # hour.( #( G )*4$$ + 8 mol E &g G -9)
2010 AI COMPTT
"##) Ahe molar conductivity of a #.4 & solution of an electrolyte is found to
e
#/C.) ; cm
-
8mol +alculate the conductivity of solution.
"-$)What is nic2el1cadmium cell? ;tate its one merit and one demerit over
lead
storage cell. Write the overall reaction that occurs during discharging
of
this cell.
"-$);tate and e=plain Dohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. How
can the degree of dissociation of acetic acid e calculated from its
molar
conductance data.
2012 AI
")) e=press the relation among cell constantE resistance of the solution in the
cell and conductivity of the solution. How is molar conductivity of a
solution
related to its conductivity?
")) the molar conductivity of a #.4 & solution of an electrolyte is found to e
#/C.) ;cm- 8mol. +alculate the conductivity of this solution.
"-$) the electrical resistance of a column of $.$4 & !a'H solution of
diameter
# cm length 4$ cm is 4.44 = #$
/
ohm. +alculate its resistivityE
conductivity
and molar conductivity.
$+
%l
/.
($.$$# &) and !i
-.
($.4 &) Write the cell reaction and determine
the
cell potential. (E
$
!i
-.
8!i G1 $.-4CO E E
$
%l
/.
8%l G 1#.** O)
2012D
"-C)(a) What type of attery is the lead storage attery ?Write the anode
and
cathode reaction and the overall reaction occurring in a lead storage
attery when current is drawn from it.
()0n the utton cellE widely used in watchesE the following reaction
ta2es
place.
:n .%g
-
' . H
-
' :n
-.
. -%g . -'H
1
3etermine E
$
and RJ
$
for the reaction
(E
$
%g
.
8%g G .$.C$O E E
$
:n
-.
8:n G 1$.B* O)
"-C)(a) 3eHne molar conductivity of a solution and e=plain how molar
conductivity changes with change in concentration of a solution for
a
wea2 and a strong electrolyte.
()Ahe resistance of a conductivity cell containing$.$$#& D+l solution
at
-)C D is #4$$V.What is the cell constant if the conductivity of
$.$$#& D+l
;olution at -)C D is $.#9* = #$
1/
;cm
1#
?
2012F
"-C) (a) What type of attery is the lead storage attery ?Write the anode
and
cathode reaction and the overall reaction occurring in a lead storage
attery when current is drawn from it.
$+
with the Half cells
%g
.
($.$$#&)8%g and +u
-.
($.#&)8+u
What should e its cell potential?(E
$
cell G $.9*O)
"-C) (a) 3eHne molar conductivity of a solution and e=plain how molar
conductivity changes with change in concentration of a solution for
a
wea2 and a strong electrolyte.
()% strip of nic2el metal is placed in a # molar solution of !i(!'/)-
and a strip of silver metal is placed in a # molar solution of
%g!'/.%nelectrochemical cell is created when the two solutions are
connected y a salt ridge and the two strips are connected y wires
to volt meter.
(i) Write the alanced equation for the overall reaction occurring in
the cell and calculate the cell potential.
(ii)+alculate the cell potentialEE at -4
$+
for the cellE if the initial
concentration of !i(!'/)- is $.# molar and the initial concentration of
%g!'/ is # molar.
(E
$
%g
.
8%g G .$.C$O E E
$
!i
-.
8!i G 1 $.-4O)
2013 AI
"##) the standard electrode potential (E$) for 3aniell cell is .#.# O. +alculate
the
RJ
$
for the reaction
:n(s) . +u -. :n-. . +u(s)
( #( G )*4$$ + mol1#)
"-* ) +alculate emf of the following cell at -4 $+
%g(s) 8%g .

(#$ 1/&)88 +u -. (#$ 1# &)8+u (s)
(Jiven E $ +ellG . $.9* O and log #$
n
G n

Fo0#+lae
ELECTROCHEMISTR":
NERNST E*UATION FOR HALF CELL:
E G E
$
N -./$/>A log #
n( S&n.T
E G E
$
N $.$4) log #
n( S&n.T

NERNST E*UATION FOR CELL POTENTIAL OR e%#%5% OF THE CELL:
E
$
cell G E
$
cathde 1 E
$
anode
:n 8 :n
-.
88 +u
-.
8 +u
> @ > @
:n :n
-.
. -e

+u
-.
. -e +u
Ecell G E
$
cell N -./$/>A log S:n-.T
-( S+u-.T :n . +u
-.
:n
-.
. +u
&g 8 &g
-.
88 +r
/.
8 +r
> @ > @
&g &g
-.
. -e

+r
/.
. /e +r
Ecell G E
$
cell N -./$/>A log S&g
-.
T
/
*( S+r
/.
T
-
/&g . -+r
/.
/&g
-.
.-+r
@t 8<r
-
8<r1 88 H
.
8 H
-
8 @t - <r
1 <r
-
. -e
@ > > @
-H
.
. -e H
-
Ecell G E
$
cell N -./$/>A log # - <r1 . -H.
<r
-
. H
-

- ( S<r
1
T SH
.
T
-
@t 8 0
-
8 0
1
88 +l
1
8 +l
-
8 @t -0
1

0
-
. -e
@ > @ >
+l
-
. -e -+l
1
Ecell G E
$
cell N -./$/>A log S+l
1
T
-
-0
1
. +l-
0
-
. -+l
1

- ( S0
1
T
-
E*UILIRIUM CONSTANT 3I

Ecell G E
$
cell N -./$/>A log Dc
n(
log Dc G E
$
cell = n(
-./$/>A
RJ
$
G 1 n ( E
$
cell
m G D = #$$$ 8 +
D G +EII +'!;A%!A 8 >E;0;A%!+E
+EII +'!;A%!A JW G +'!3L+A0O0A6 = >E;0;A%!+E
+EII +'!;A%!A G l 8%
3OHLRAUSCH LAW:

3
0

$
%l-(;'9)/ G -
$
%l
/.
. / $ ;'
9

-1

$
+H/+''H G
$
+H/+''!a .
$
H+l 1
$
!a+l

DE!REE OF DISSOCIATION:
G 8
$
D G +
-
8 (# N )
FARADA"9S LAW
EIE+A>0+ +H%>JE >E"L0>E3 0! ( G #( ('> !a
.
E - ( ('> +a
-.
&n'
9

1
&n
-.
!EE3; 4 ( .
" G 0 W t
*+estio& a&,
-CJe#iIal 3i&etiIs. / #a0,s
Q28) (or a chemical reaction variation in the S>T t
(Hrst order graph ln log S>T t )
(i) What is the order of reaction
(ii) What are the units of rate constant 2
(iii) Jive the relationship etween 2 & t X
(iv) What does the slope of the aove line indicate?
(v) 3raw a plot log S>$T8S>T t
"-C) Ahe reaction %.-< -+.3
E=pt. S%T$ S<T$ 0nitial rate
# $./ $./ $.)*
- $.* $./ $./C9
/ $./ $.* $.#)-
9 $.* $.* $.B*C
(i)3erive the order of reaction w.r.t.oth reactants S%T & S<T
(ii)Write the rate law
(iii)Write the e=pression for the rate of reaction in terms of % & <
"#$) +onsider the reaction %@ Ahe change in concentration of % with time
is
shown
(i)@redict the order of reaction
(ii)3erive e=pression for the completion of the reaction
"-9) (a) -!-'4 9!'- . '- is Hrst order reaction with rate constant of
4=#$
19
s
1#
.0f initial concentration of !-'4 is $.-4&. +alculate its
concentration after - min. %lso calculate half life for decomposition of
!-'4
()-% .< /+ Ahe rate of appearance of + at time t is #./=#$
19
mol8I8s
+alculate at this time (i)rate of reaction (ii) rate of disappearance of %
"-) Ahe decomposition reaction of!H/ gas on @t surface has a rate const.
D G -.4=#$19 mol 8I8sWhat is the order of reaction?
"4) What is molecularity of the reaction +l (g) X +l-(g)
"-$)(i) Jraph of logS>oT8S>T t is given for Hrst order reaction
(a) What is the relation etween slope of this line & rate const.
() +alculate the rate const. 'f the aove reaction if the slope is-=#$
19
s
1
#
(ii) 3erive the relation etween half life of a Hrst order reaction & its rate
const.
&(() $
"-) 3eHne the term order of reaction for chemical reaction
"#-) % Hrst order decomposition reaction ta2es 9$ min. for /$,
decomposition
+alculate its t
#8-
value.
"#/) What is meant y the rate const.F2Fof a reaction. 0f the concentration e
e=pressed in mol8I units & time in sec.What would e the units for 2 (i)
for a
7ero order reaction (ii) for a Hrst order reaction
"-C) (a) 3erive the general form of the e=pression for the half life of a Hrst
order
reaction
( ) Ahe decomposition of !H
/
on @t surface is a 7ero order reaction
What are the rates of production of !
-
& H
-
if 2 G -.4=#$
19
mol8I8s
"-C) (a) Iist the factors on which the rate of a chemical reaction depends?
( ) Ahe half life for decay of radioactive +1#9 is 4B/$ years %n
archeological artifact containing wood has only C$, of +1#9
activity is found in living trees. +alculate the age of the artifact.
&(() A*
"9) 3eHne order of a reaction.
")) Iist the factors which inQuence the rate of chemical reaction.
&(() +
"##) % reaction is second order w.r.t. % How is the rate of this reaction
altered if
the concentration of % is (i) douled (ii) reduced to half
"-$) Ahe rate of reaction increases to four times when the temp. is raised
from
/$$D to/-$D +alculate Ea of this reaction (> G C./#9Y8mol8D)
&(() $ 0#MPTT
"#$) 3istinguish etween order & molecularity of a reaction When could
order &
molecularity of a reaction e the same.
"-#) Ahe decomposition of @H
/

9@H
/

@
9
. *H
-
has the rate law r G *.$=#$19 s1# & Ea is /.$4 = #$4
Y8mol
+alculate 2 at /#$ D (> G C./#9Y8mol8D)
"#B) Iist four factors which afect the rate of reaction.
&(() A* 0#MPTT
"##) 3eHne order of reaction.How will you prove that a chemical reaction is
of
Hrst order
"#$) (or a chemical reaction what is the efect of catalyst on the following
(i) activation energy of the reaction
(ii) rate const. of the reaction
"-#) (or the reaction -!-'4 9!'- . '- at -)C D
;r.no. S!-'4T mol8I >ate of disappearance of
!-'4(mol8I8min)
# #.#/ =#$
1-
/9 = #$
14
- $.C9 =#$
1-
-4 = #$
14
/ $.*- =#$
1-
#C = #$
14
3etermine (i) order of reaction
(ii)rate const.
(iii) rate law
&((% A*
"#$) 3eHne (a) elementary step in a reaction
( ) rate of reaction
"#)) % Hrst order reaction has a rate const. of $.$$4# min
1#
0f we egin with
$.#$ & concentration of reactant.What concentration of reactant will
e
left over after / hours
"-$) (or a decomposition reaction the values of rate const. 2 at two diferent
temp. are given elow
D# G -.#4 = #$
1C
I 8mol8s at *4$D
D-G -./) = #$
1B
I8mol8s at B$$D
+alculate Ea for this reaction (> G C./#9Y8mol8D)
"#9) 3eHne activation energy of a reaction and order of reaction
&((% $
")) % reaction is second order w.r.t. % How is the rate of this reaction altered
if
the concentration of % is (i) douled (ii) reduced to half
&((% +
All Questions are repeated
&((% $ 0#MPTT
"9) Why does the rate of a reaction not remain const. throughout the
reaction
@rocess
"#*) E=plain the term order of a reaction.3erive the unit for Hrst order rate
const.
"#B) ;how that for a Hrst order reactionEthe time required for half life period
is
independent f initial concentration.
2010 AI
"-C) (a) E=plain the terms? (i) >ate of reaction (ii) %ctivation energy of a
reaction
() Ahe decomposition of @H
/
proceeds according to the following
equation.
9@H
/
@
9
. *H
-
0t is found that the reaction follows the following
rate
equation >ate G 2 S@H
/
T Ahe half life of @H
/
is /).) s at#-$
$+
(i) How much time is required for /89
th
of @H/ to decompose?
(ii) What fraction of the original sampeof @H
/
remain ehind after one
minute.
"-C) (a) E=plain the terms? (i) 'rder of reaction (ii) molecularity of a reaction
( ) Ahe rate of reaction increases four times when the temperature
changes from /$$D to /-$ D +alculate Ea Eassuming that it does
not change with temperature . ( > G C./#9Y8D8mol)
2010 D
"-) 3eHne order of reaction
"#$) % reaction is of Hrst order in reactant % and second order in reactant
<.How is the rate of this reaction afected when (i) S<T alone is
increased to
three times (ii) S%T as well as S<T are douled.
"##)Ahe rate constant for a reaction of 7ero order is $.$$/mol8I8s.How long
will
it ta2e for the initial concentration of % to fall from $.#& to $.$B4&
"-) 3eHne rate of reaction.
2010 F
"-) 0dentify the order of reaction from the unit for rate constant I8mol8s
"#$) 3eHne (i) elementary reaction
NEW SAMPLE PAPER I
"/) (or the reaction !- . /H- -!H/ 0f RS!H/T8 Rt G 9 = #$ 1C mol8I8s what
is the
value of 1RSH-T8 Rt
"#$);ucrose decomposes in acid solution into glucose and fructose
according
to the Hrst order rate law with t8- G / hrs.+alculate the fraction of
sucrose
which remains after C hrs.
"#$) Ahe rate constant of a reaction at 4$$D and B$$D are $.$- 8s and
$.$B 8s
resp.+alculate value of activation energy for the reaction
(> G C./#9 Y8mol8D)
"##) (or a chemical reaction variation in the S>T t
(Hrst order graph ln S>T t )
(i) What is the order of reaction
(ii) What are the units of rate constant 2
(iii) 0f the initial concentration of reactant is half of the original
concentration how will t8- change?
(iv) 3raw a plot log S>$T8S>T t (s)
NEW SAMPLE PAPER II
"/$) (a) (or the reaction
+#-H--'## . H-' +*H#-'* . +*H#-'*
Write (i) >ate of reaction e=pression
( ii) >ate law equation
( iii) molecularity
( iv) order of reaction
( ) Ahe following data were otained during the Hrst order thermal
decomposition of ;'-+l- at const. volume.
;'-+l- (g) ;'-(g) . +l-(g)
e=periment Aime (s) Aotal press. (atm)
# $ $.4
- #$$ $.*
+alculate the rate of reaction when total press. 0s $.*4 atm.
"/$) (a) 0llustrate graphically the efect of catalyst on activation energy
( ) +atalysts have no efect on equilirium const. why?
( c) Ahe decomposition of % into product has value of D as 9.4 = #$
/
8s at #$
$ +
and activation energy is *$ DY8mol.+alculate the temp. at
which the value of D e #.4 = #$
9
8s
"#/) +onsider the decomposition of H-'- in al2aline medium which is
ctalysed y iodide ions.
-H-'- -H-' . '-
Ahis reaction ta2es place in two steps as given elow
;tep 0 H-'- . 0
1
H-' . 0'
1
;tep 00 H-'- . 0'
1
H-' . 0
1
.'-
(a)Write the rate law e=pression and determine the order of reaction w.r.t.
H-'-
()What is the molecularity of each individual step.
"-$)0n a hydrolysis reaction 4 g ethyl acetate is hydrolysed in presence of dil.
H+l in /$$ min. 0f the reaction is of #
st
order and the initial
concentration of
ethyl acetate -- mol8IE+alculate the rate const. of the reaction.
2011 AI
"#)3eHne order of reaction.
"#-) What do you understand y the rate law and the rate const. of a
reaction?0dentify the order of reaction if the units of its rate const. are
(i) mol8I8s (ii) I8mol8s
"#/)Ahe thermal decomposition of H+''H is Hrst order reaction with a rate
const. of -.9=#$
1/
8s at a certain temp. +alculate how long will it ta2e
for
/89
th
of inititial quantity of H+''H to decompose. (log $.-4 G 1$.*$-#)
"#-)% reaction is of second order with respect to a reactant.How is the rate
of
reaction afected if the concentration of the reactant is reduced to
half?
What is the unit of rate const. for such a reaction?
"#)3eHne activation energy of a reaction.
2011 D
"##)3istinguish etween rate e=pression and rate constant of a reaction.
"-$)-!-'4 9!'- .'-
Ahe Hrst order reaction was allowed to proceed at 9$ $+and the data elow
were collected.
S!-'4T & $.9 $.-C) $.-$) $.#4# $.#$)
Aime (min) $ -$ 9$ *$ C$
(a)+alculate the rate constant. 0nclude units with your answer.
()What will e the concentration of !-'4 after #$$ min.
(c) +alculate the initial rate of reaction.
2011F
"-C) >epeated questions
"-C) >epeated questions
2010 D COMPTT
"9) Why does rate of reaction not remain constant throughout the reaction
@rocess?
"#*)E=plain the term order of reaction 3erive the unit for Hrst order rate
constant.
"#B);how that for the Hrst order reaction the time required for half life period
is
independent of initial concentration.
2010 AI COMPTT
"-C) (a) E=plain diference etween the average rate and instantaneous rate
of
>eaction.
( ) 0n pseudo Hrst order hydrolysis of ester in waterE the following results are
otained.
A in seconds $ /$ *$ )$
SEsterT & $.44 $./# $.#B $.$C4
(i) +alculate the average rate of reaction etween time interval /$ to
*$ seconds
(ii) +alculate the pseudo Hrst order rate constant for the hydrolysis of
ester.
"-C) (a) 3istinguish etween molecularity and order of reaction
( )Ahe activation energy for the reaction - H0 H- . 0- is -$).4 2Y8mol at
4C#D.+alculate the fraction of molecules having energy equal to or
greater
than activation energy (>G C./# Y8mol8D)
&("& A*
"#$) % reaction is of second order with respect to a reactant.how is the rate
afected if the concentration of the reactant is (i) douled (ii) reduced to
half?
"-#) the reaction !- . '- - !' contriutes to air pollution whenever a
fuel is
urnt in air at high temperature. %t #4$$ DE equilirium constant D for
it is
#.$= #$
14
. ;uppose in a case S!-T G $.C$ mol8I and S'-T G $.-$ mol8I
efore any reaction occurs. +alculate the equilirium concentrations
of the reactants and the product after the mi=ture has een heated
to #4$$D.
2012 D
"#$) What do you understand y the Morder of a reactionF ? 0dentify the
reaction
order from each of the following units of reaction rate constant?
(i) I
1#
mol s
1#
(ii) I mol
1#
s
1#
"-#)(or the reaction -!' . +l--!'+l
Ahe following data were collected .%ll the measurements were ta2en at -*/D
E=pt no. 0nitial S!'T(&) 0nitial S+lT- (&) 0nitial rate of
disappearance of
+l- (&8min)
# $.#4 $.#4 $.*$
- $.#4 $./$ #.-$
/ $./$ $.#4 -.9$
9 $.-4 $.-4 ?
(a)Write the e=pression for rate law.
()+alculate the value of rate constant and specify its units.
(c) What is the initial rate of disappearance of +l- in e=pt.9?
2012F
"#$) 3eHne the following terms?
(i) 'rder of reaction
(ii) %ctivation energy of a reaction
"-#) +onsider the reaction -% . < +. 3
(ollowing results were otained in e=periments designed to study the
rate
of reaction .
E=pt. !o. 0nitial concentration (mol8I) 0nitial rate of
formation
S%T S<T S3T (&8min)
# $.# $.# #.4 = #$
1/
- $.- $.- /.$ = #$
1/
/ $.- $.9 *.$ = #$
1/
(a)Write the rate law for the reaction
()+alculate the value of rate constant for the reaction.
(c) Which of the following possile reaction mechanism is consistent with
the rate law found in (a)?
(i) % . < + . E (slow)
% . E 3 (fast)
(ii) < + . E (slow)
% . E ( (fast)
% . ( 3 (fast)
2013 AI
"#-) (a) (or a reaction % . < @ E the rate law is
given yE
> G 2 S%T#8-S<T-
What is the order of this reaction?
( ) % Hrst order reaction is found to have a rate constant 2G4.4 = #$
1#9
s
1#
(ind the half life of the reaction.
"#)) Ahe rate of reaction ecomes four times when the temperature changes
from-)/ D to /#/ D.+alculatethe energy of activation (Ea) of thereaction
assuming that it does not change with temperature.
S> G C./#9 Y D 1#E log9 G $.*$-#T
FORMULAE:
i% Rate EK$0essio&:
ii. rav G 1 RS>T 8 Rt G . R S@T 8 Rt
iii. r ins G 1 dS>T 8 Rt G . d S@T 8 Rt
iv. >%AE G 1 RS>T 8 Rt G . R S@T 8 Rt
v.
0n aqueous solution change in concentration of H-' is not considered.
Bi% Rate la4:
= and y are order of reaction
L. o0de0 o5 0eaItio& tJ0o+=J i&itial 0ate #etJod
r
$
)
0
G 2 S%T
a
S<T
S+T
c

(r
$
)
00
G 2 S%T
a
S<T
S+T
c
0f S< T and S+T 2ept constant value of a can e calculated. ;imilarly value of
and c can e calculated.
vii. 0ntegrated rate equation ?
(or 7ero order reaction ?
U&it o5 , 2 #ol;l;s
Fo0 M0st o0de0 0eaItio& :
Lnit of 2 G 8s
Fo0 &tJ o0de0 0eaItio& :
Lnit of 2 G (mol8I)
#1 n
s
1#
AItiBatio& E&e0=A:
D G % e
NEa8>A
*+estio& a&,
-S+05aIe CJe#ist0A. H #a0,s
"-#) +onsider the adsorption isotherm given & interpret the variation in the
e=tent of adsorption (=8m) when (a) (i) temp.increases at constant
pressure ( ii) pressure increases at constant temp.
()!ame the catalyst& promoter used in HaerFs process for
manufacture
of !H
/.
"#) Why is (e+l
/
preferred over D+l in case of cut leading to leeding?
"-) What are the physical states of dispersed phase & dispersion medium of
froth?
"--) E=plain? (a) (e('H)
/
sol gets coagulated on addition of !a+l solution
( ) +ottrellFs smo2e precipitator is Htted at the mouth of the
chimney
used in factories.
(c ) @hysical adsorption is multi layered while chemisorption is
mono
layered
"##) (a) %dsorption of a gas on the surface of solid is generally accompanied
y
a decrease in entropy. ;till it is a spontaneous process.E=plain.
( ) How does an increase in temp. afect oth physical as well as
chemical adsorption
"#-) % collidal solution of %g0 is prepared y two diferent methods shown
elow
(i) What is the charge of %g0 colloidal particles in the two A.A.(%) & (<)
(ii) Jive reasons for the origin of charge (%)%g!'
/
added to D0
(<) D0 added to %g!'
/
&(() $
"/) What causes <rownian movement in a colloidal solution?
"-#) What are lyophilic & lyophoic sols? Jive one e=ample of each type
which
one of these two types of sols is easily coagulated & why?
"/) Which has a higher enthalpy of adsorptionEphysisorption or
chemisorption?
"--) What is oserved when (i) an electrolye D+l is added to hydrated ferric
o=ide sol.
(ii)an electric current is passed through a colloidal solution
(iii)a eam of strong light is passed through a colloidal solution
&(() A*
"-#) 3iferntiate etween multimolecular & macromolecular colloids? Jive
one
e=ample of each. How are these two types of colloids diferent from
associated colloids.
"/) 3eHne electrophoresis rieQy.
&(() .+
All question repeated
&(() $ 0#MPTT
"-)Why does physisorption decrease withincrease in temp.?
"--) What is oserved when (i) a eam of light is passed through colloidal
;olution (ii)%n elctrolyte !a+l is added to hydrated (e-'/ sol
(iii) %n electric current is passed through a colloidal solution
"B) 0n chemisorption why =8m initially increases& then decreases with rise in
temp.
"-9) (a)What is the diference etween a colloidal solution & an emulsion?
Jive
one e=ample of each
() What are emulsiHers?
&(() A* 0#MPTT
"/) How does adsorption of a gas on a solid surface vary with increase in
@ressure?
"-$) E=plain with e=ample? (a) @epti7ation (ii) gel (iii) dialysis
"##) 3istinguish etween homogeneous & heterogeneous catalysis?What
role
does adsorption play in heterogeneous catalysis?
"#-) 3istinguish etween micelles & colloidal particles. Jive one e=ample
of
each.
&((% A*
"-) What is the coagulation process?
"--)What happens in the following activities & why?
(i) %n electrolyte is added to a hydrate ferric o=ide sol in water
(ii) % eam of light is passed through a colloidal solution
(iii) %n electric current is passed through a colloidal solution
&((% $
"-) 3eHne the term Ayndall efect.
"--)How are the following colloids diferent from each other with respect of
dispersion medium & dispersed phase?Jive one e=ample of each type
(i) an aerosol (ii) a hydrosol (iii) an emulsion
one
&((% +
"-#) Write three special features of chemisorption which are not found in
physisorption.
&((% $ 0#MPTT
"/) !ame two types of adsorption phenomenon
"#C) How are associated colloids diferent frommacro molecular colloids?
Jive
one e=ample of each type.
"#) What is the sign of RH & R; when a gas is adsored y an adsorent?
")) What are emulsions? ;tate one application of emulsiHcation
"#9) What is the diference etween a colloidal solution & emulsion? What is
the
role of emulsiHer in forming emulsion
2010 AI
"#-) 3escrie the following?
(i) Ayndall efect (ii) ;hape selective catalysis
"#/) What is meant y coagulation of a colloidal solution? !ame any method
y
which the coagulation of lyophoic sol can e carried out.
"#/) 3eHne the following terms?
(i) @epti7ation (ii) >eversile sol
2010 D
"/) What is an emulsion?
one
"/) Jive an e=ample of shape selective catalyst.
"-$) How are the following colloids diferent from each other in respect of
their
dispersion medium and dispersion phase?Jive one e=ample of each
(i) aerosol (ii) emulsion (iii) hydrosol
2010 F
"-#);tate what is oserved when (i) an electrolyte !a+l is added to hydrated
ferric o=ide sol (ii) an electric current is passed through a colloidal
solution
( iii )a eam of light is passed through colloidal solution
"-#) Write three features of chemisorptions which is not found in
physisorption.0llustrate your answer with suitale e=ample.
NEW SAMPLE PAPER I
"9) Which of the following is most efective electrolyte in coagulation of
(e-'/.H-'8(e
/.
sol
D+lE%l+l/E&g+l-ED9S(e(+!)*T
"-$)Jive reasons for the following oservations?
(a)@epti7ing agent is added to convert ppt into colloidal solution
()+ottrellFs smo2e precipitator is Htted at the mouth of chimney used in
factories
(c) +olloidal gold is used for intramuscular inUection
NEW SAMPLE PAPER II
"-) !ame the type of potential diference produced etween the H=ed
charged
layer and and difused layer having opposite charges around the
colloidal
particles.
"-*) (a) Heat of adsorption is greater for chemisorption than physisorption
why?
( ) What is colloidion
( c) 3iferentiate etweenpepti7ation and coagulation.
"-)Why is (e+l/ preferred over D+l in case of a cut leading to leeding?
"-B) (a) Jive main diference etween lyophilic and lyophoic colloids.
( ) E=plain (i) s2y appears lue in colour (ii) %freshly formed ppt
of (e('H)/ can e converted to a colloidal sol y sha2ing it with a
small quantity of (e+l/.
-$ 11 AI
"-) What is meant y shape selective catalysis?
"-$) +lassify colloids where the dispersion medium is water.;tate their
characteristics and write an e=ample of each of these classes
"-) What is lyophoic colloid? Jive one e=ample for them.
"-$) E=plain what is oserved when
(i) %n electric current is passed through a sol
(ii) % eam of light is passed through a sol
(iii) %n electrolyte (!a+l) is added to (e('H)/ sol.
-$ 11 D
"/) 3eHne electrophoresis.
"-#) E=plain how the phenomenon of adsorption Hnds application in each of
the
(ollowing
(i) @roduction of vacuum
(ii) Heterogeneous catalysis
(iii) (roth Qoatation process
"-#) 3eHne each of the following
(i) &icelles
(ii) @epti7ation
(iii) 3esorption
-$ 11 F
"#-) >epeated question.
"#/) >epeated question.
-$#$3 +'&@AA
"B) What is the sign of 1H and 1; when gas is adsored y adsorent?
"#C) How are associated colloids diferent from macro molecular colloids?
Jive
e=ample of each type.
")) What are emulsions? ;tate one application of emulsiHcation
"#9) What is the diference etween colloidal solution and emulsion? What is
the
role of emulsiHer in forming emulsion?
-$#$%0 +'&@AA
"/) What is the diference etween adsorption and asorption ?
"-#) E=plain the following terms
(i) Electrophoresis
(ii) +oagulation
(iii) Ayndall efect
"*) 3istinguish etween physisorption and chemisorptions.
"-4) What is an adsorption isotherm? 3escrie (reundlich adsorption
isotherm.
"/) Why is adsorption always e=othermic?
"--) 3iscuss the efect of pressure and temperature on adsorption of gases
on
solids.3escrie the application adsorption in controlling humidity.
2012 AI
"--) e=plain the following terms giving suitale e=ample for each?
(i) %erosol
(ii) Emulsion
(iii) &icelle
"--) write three distinct features of chemisorptions which are not found in
physisorptions.
2012 D
"##) !ame the two groups into which phenomenon of catalysis can e
divided. Jive an e=ample of each group with the chemical equation
involved.
"#-) What is meant y coagulation of a colloidal solution? 3escrie rieQy
any
three methods y which coagulation of lyophoic sols can e carried
out.
"##) 3escrie a conspicuous change oserved when
(a)% solution of !a+l is added to a sol of hydrated ferric o=ide.
()% eam of light is passed through a solution of !a+l and then through a
sol
"#-) E=plain the following terms giving one e=ample of each?
(i) &icelles
(ii) %erosol.
2012 F
"-)Why is the adsorption phenomenon always e=othermic?
"--) 3eHne the following terms giving one suitale e=ample for each?
(i) Electrophoresis
(ii) &icelles
(iii) @epti7ation
"-) What is meant y Mshape selective catalysisF?
"--) 3iferentiate among a homogeneous solutionE a suspension and a
colloidal
solutionE giving a suitale e=ample of each.
"--)@resent a classiHcation of colloids where dispersion medium is
water.;tate
the chatacteristics and one e=ample of each of these classes.
2013 AI
"#) 'f physisorption or chemisorptions E which has a higher enthalpy of
formation?
"-$) What are the characteristics of the following colloids? Jive one e=ample
of each.
(i) &ultimolecular colloids
(ii) Iyophoic sols
(iii) Emulsions
"#)) deHne the following terms giving an e=ample of each?
(i) %ssociated colloids
(ii) Iyophilic sol
(iii) %dsorption
"#) what is especially oserved when a eam of light is passed through
colloidal solution
"#)) deHne the following terms giving an e=ample of each?
(i) &acromolecular sol
(ii) @epti7ation
(iii) Emulsion
*+estio& a&,
-!e&e0al P0i&Ii$les > P0oIesses o5 Isolatio& o5 Ele#e&ts. 3
#a0,s
"--) %ccount for (a) the reduction of metalic o=ide is easier if the metal
formed
is in liquid state at the temp. of reduction.
()the reduction of +r
-
'
/
with %l is thermodynamically feasileEyet it
does not occur at room temp.
(c) @ine oil is used in froth Qoatation method
"#) %n ore of sample Jalena is contaminated with :inc <lende.!ame one
chemical which is used to concentrate galena selectively y froth
Qoatation
method
"##) RJ
f
for &g' & +' at #-B/D & --B/D are given
RJ
f
S&g'T G

1)9#DY8molat #-B/D & RJ
f
S+'TG 1 9/)DY8mol
RJ
f
S&g'T G

1/#9 DY8molat --B/D & RJ
f
S+'TG 1 *-C DY8mol
@redict the temp. at which + can e used as a reducing agent for &g'(s).
"-#) (a) !ame the method used for reHning of (i) !i (ii) :r
() Ahe e=traction of gold y leaching with !a+! involves oth '=idation
&
>eduction. Yustify giving equation
&(() $
"--) ;tate rieQy the principles which serves as asis for the following
operations in metallurgy
(0)(roth Qoatation process
(ii):one reHning
(iii )>eHning y liquation
"-#) E=plain the asic principles
(i) Oapour phase reeHng
(ii) Electrolytic reHning
(iii) :one reHning
&(() A*
"--) What chemical principle is involved in choosing a >.%. for getting the
metal from its o=ide ore? +onsider the metallic o=ideE%l
-
'
/
& (e
-
'
/
&
Yustify the choice of >.%. in each case
&(() +
Q23) Describe the role o (a) Depressant in !roth loatation process"
() silica in the e=traction of +u from copper pyrite ore
( c ) +ryolite in the metallurgy of %l
&(() $ 0#MPTT
"-/) (a) Ahe reaction +r
-
'
/
. -%l %l
-
'
/
. -+r E RJ

G 19-#DY is
thermodynamically feasile as is apparent from the JiFs energy
value .Why does it not ta2e place at room temp.
() Write all the reactions involved in the e=traction of %l from au=ite
ore.
"--) (a)Write the reactions involved in the e=traction of (e from iron o=ide
ore
in the last furnace.
( ) What criterion is followed for the selection of stationary phase in
+hromatography
&(() A* 0#MPTT
"#/) ;tate the asis of reHning of a sustance y chromatographic method.
Lnder what +ircumstances is this method specially useful.
&((% A*
"/)What is meant y the term @yrometallurgy.
Q11)Describe the underl#in$ principle o the ollo%in$ &etal reinin$ &ethods"
(i) 'lectrl#tic reinin$ o &etals
(ii) (apour phase reinin$ o &etals
Q13) 3escrie the role of following?
(i) !a+! in the e=traction of %g from silver ore.
(ii) +ryolite in the metallurgy of %l
&((% $
"/) Why is the froth Qoatation method selected for the concentration of
sulphide
ores.
"#$) ( i) E=plain the role of +' in puriHcation of !i
(ii ) cryolite in the electrolytic reduction of alumina
&((% +
")) !ame two metals which occur in nature as o=ides. Why is it that sulphide
ores are concentrated y froth Qoatation process
&((% $ 0#MPTT
"-*) >easons? (a) %lumina is dissolved in cryolite for electrolysis instead of
eing electrolysed directly ():n' can e reduced to metal y
heating
with caron ut not +r
-
'
/
( c ) E=traction of +u directly from sulphide
ore is
less favourale than that from its o=ide ore through reduction .
2010 AI
"-#) 3escrie the role of following?
(i) !a+! in the e=traction of %g from silver ore. (ii) 0- in the reHning of
Ai.
(iii) +ryolite in the metallurgy of %l
"-#) 3escrie the principle involved in each of the following processes of
metallurgy.
(i) (roth Qoatation process (ii) Electrolytic reHning of metals
(iv) :one reHning of metals.
2010 D
"--) 3escrie how the following changes are rought aout.
(i) @ig iron into steel
(ii) :n' into metallic 7inc
(iii) 0mpure Ai to pure Ai
"--) 3escrie the role of
(i) !a+! in the e=traction of %u from %u ore
(ii) ;i'- in the e=traction of +u from +u matte
(iii) 0- in the reHning of :r
Write equation for the involved reactions
2010 F
"-#) 3escrie the method (i) <au=ite into pure alumina
(ii)0mpure +u into pure +u
NEW SAMPLE PAPER I
"-#) (a) E=traction of gold y leaching with !a+! involves oth o=idation
and
reduction.Yustifying y giving equations for the reactions involved.
( ) Why is the froth Qoatation method selected for the
concentration of sulphide ore?
"-#) outline the principle of the method used for reHning of (a) !i () :r (c)
Ain
"4) Write the overall reaction ta2ing place in the process used for electrolysis
of alumina y HallFs process.
NEW SAMPLE PAPER II
"B) Write a non e=othermic reaction ta2ing place in the last furnace during
e=traction of iron
"#*) What is Qu=?What is the role of Qu= in the metallurgy of (e and +u.
"#9) (a) What is the role of depressant in the froth Qoatation process
( ) 'ut of + and +' which is etter >.%. for (e'
(i) 0n the lower part of last furnace(high temp.)
(ii) 0n the upper part of last furnace (lower temp.)
2011 AI
"/) 3iferentiate etween a mineral and an ore.
"#9) 3escrie the principle controlling each of the following processes
( i) Oapour phase reHning of Ai metal
( ii) (roth Qoatation method of concentration of a sulphide ore
"/) Why is that only sulphide ores are concentrated y (roth Qoatation
process
(i) :one reHning of metals
(ii) Electrolytic reHning of metals
"/) What type of ores can e concentrated y the magnetic separation
method
( i) @reparation of cast iron from pig iron
( ii ) preparation of pure alumina from au=ite ore.
2011 D
"--) >epeated questions
"--) >epeated questions
2011 F
"-#) >epeated questions
"-#) >epeated questions
2010 D COMPTT
"-*)Jive reasons for the following
(i) %lumina is dissolved in cryolite for electrolysis instead of eing
electrolysed directly
(ii) :inc o=ide can e reduced to the metal y heating with caron ut
not +r-'/.
(iii) E=traction of copper directly from sulphide ores is less favourale
tha that from its o=ide ore through reduction.
2010 AI COMPTT
"9) +opper matte is charged into a silica lined convertor in e=traction of
copper.
What is the role of silica lining there.
"#-) How is the chemical reduction diferent from electrolytic reduction?
!ame
a metal each which is otained y
(i) Electrolytic reduction
(ii) +hemical reduction.
"#-) How can you otain pure alumina from au=ite ore? Write the chemical
Equations involved.
2012 AI
"/) how is copper e=tracted from a low grade ore of it?
"##) which methods are usually employed for purifying the following metals?
(i) !ic2el
(ii) Jermanium
&ention the principle ehind each one of them .
"/) what is the role of collectors in (roth (loatation process?
"##) e=plain the role of each of the following?
(i) !a+! in the e=traction of silver
(ii) ;i'- in the e=traction of copper.
2012 D
"-) What is the role of graphite in the electrometallurgy of aluminium?
"#/) 3escrie the principle involved in each of the following processes.
(i) &ond process for reHning of !ic2el.
(ii) +olumn chromatography for puriHcation of rare elements.
"#/) 3escrie the following?
(i) Ahe role of cryolite in electrometallurgy of aluminium
(ii) Ahe role of +' in the reHning of crude nic2el.
"/) Write the reaction involved in the e=traction of silver after the silver ore
has
een leached with !a+!.
"##) !ame one chief ore each of copper and aluminium. !ame the method
used
for the concentration of these two ores.
"/)What is the role of depressant in (roth (loatation process for the
concentration of a sulphide ore?
2013AI
"-) !ame the method used for reHning of copper metal.
"#/) (a) !ame the method used for removing gangue from sulphide ores.
( ) How is wrought iron diferent from steel?
"#C) outline the principles of reHning of metals y the following methods?
(i) :one reHning
(ii) Oapour phase reHning
"#C) name the principal ore of aluminium. E=plain the signiHcance of
leaching in
the e=traction of aluminium
*+estio& a&,
-TJe $DloI, Ele#e&ts. : #a0,s
"-4) %ccount for the following?
(i) %mong the halogens (
-
is the strongest '.%.
(ii) ( e=hiit only N# o=idation state whereas other halogens e=hiit
higher positive o=idation state also
(iii) %cidity of o=o acids of +l is H'+lZH'+l'ZH'+l'
-
ZH'+l'
/
"-))% translucent white wa=y solid % on heating in an inert atmosphere is
converted to its allotrope <. %llotrope % on reaction with very dil D'H
lierates a highly poisonous gas + having rotten Hsh smell. With
e=cess of
+l
-
forms 3 which hydrolyses to compound E 0dentify % to E.
"-)) +onc. H
-
;'
9
is added to following chemicals in a test tue 0dentify the
change oserved & support your answer with equation
(i)cane sugar(ii)!a<r(iii) +u1pieces(iv) ; powder (v) D+l
"/) +omplete hydrolysis of 5e(
*
.Write equation
"C)@redict the shape of +l(
/
on the asis of O;E@> theory
"-/) %ccount for (a) +l
-
water has oth o=idi7ing & leaching properties
()H
/
@'
-
&H
/
@'
/
act as good >.%.while H
/
@'
9
does not
(c)'n o=idation of '
/
gas to D0 soln. violet vapours are
otained.
"-*) Jive reasons? (a) +!
1
ion is 2nown ut +@
1
is not
() !'
-
dimerises to form !
-
'
9
(c) 0+l is more reactive than 0
-
"-*) %n element 5 e=ists as yellow solid in standard state 0t forms a volatile
hydride < which is a foul smelling gas & is e=tensively used in
qualitative
analysis of salts when treated with o=ygen < forms an o=ide + which is
pungent smelling gas. Ahis gas is passed through acidiHed D&n'
9
soln.
decolourises it. + gets o=idi7ed to another o=ide 3 in the presence of
heterogeneous catalyst. 0dentify %E<E+E3 & also give chem.. reaction of
+
with acidiHed D&n'
9
soln. & for conversion of + to 3.
"B) 0n the ring test for identiHcation of !'
/
1
ion what is the formula of the
compound responsile for the rown ring formed at the interface of two
liquids
"#/) (a) What is the covalence of nitrogen in !
-
'
4
() E=plain why oth ! & <i do not form pentahalides while @ does.
"#/) When conc. H
-
;'
9
was added into an un2nown salt present in a Aest
tueE a
rown gas % was evolved. Ahis gas intensiHed when +u turnings were
also
added into this A.A. 'n cooling the gas % changed into a colourless gas
<
(i) 0dentify the gases %& <
(ii) Write the equations for the reactions involved.
"#*) (a) Why does +l
-
water lose its yellow colour on standing
( )What happens when +l
-
water reacts with cold dil soln. of
!a'H. Write equation only
"--) Write down the equations for hydrolysis of 5e(
9
& 5e(
*
.Which of these
two
reactions is a redo= reaction.
&(() $
"9) 0n which one of the two structures !'
-
.
& !'
-
1
E the ond angle has a
higher
value?
"#*) >easons? (i) !H
/
is stronger ase than @H
/
(ii) ; in vapour state e=hiits a paramagnetic ehaviour
"#B) 3raw structures of (i) ;(
9
(ii) 5e(
9
"-/) Write equations (i) +l
-
reacts with hot conc. soln. of !a'H
(ii)orthophosphorous acid is heated
(iii)@t(
*
& 5e are mi=ed together
"-/) +omplete the equation? (i) +a
/
@
-
. H
-
'
(ii) +u
-.
. !H
/
(aq) (e=cess)
(iii) (
-
(g) . H
-
' (l)
(iv)5e(
9
. H
-
'
(v)'
/
. 0
1
. H
-
'
&(() A*
"9) Why is the ond angle in @H
/
molecule lesser than that in !H
/
molecule
"#-) (i) which neutral molecule would e isoelectronic with +l'
1
(ii)'f <i (O) & ;(O) which may e stronger '.%.& why?
"-)) >easons? (i) ; in vapour state e=hiits a paramagnetic ehaviour
(ii) !H
/
has greater aKnity for protons than @H
/
(iii) Ahe Nve value of electron gain enthalpy of ( is less than
that of +l
(iv);(
*
is much less reactive than ;(
9
(v)'f the nole gases only 5e is 2nown to form well estalished
chemical compounds.
"-)) (a) 3escrie the favourale conditions for the manufacture of
(i) !H
/
y HaerFs process
(ii) H
-
;'
9
y +ontact process
( ) 3raw the structures of (i) @+l
4
(ii) ;
C
(iii) +l(
/
"9) Which is a stronger acid in aq. ;oln. of H( or H+l
"#-) >easons(i) @ shows mar2ed tendency for catenation ut ! shows little
tendency for catenation
( ii )Ahe electron gain enthalpy with Nve sign for ' (1#9# DY8mol) is
less
than that for ;(1-$$DY8mol)
"/$) ( a) complete (repeated)
( )3raw structures of (i) H-;-'B(ii) !'/
1
"/$) (a)>easons? (i) @
9
is more reactive than !
-
(ii) %ll onds in @+l
4
are not equal in length.
(iii) ; in vapour state e=hiits a paramagnetic ehaviour
(c) 3raw the structures of (i) <r(
/
(ii) 5e(
-
&(() +
"9)Which is stronger acid in aq.soln. H+l or H0?
"-)) ( a )+omplete ? (repeated)
'
/
. 0
1
. H
-
'
( )3raw the structures of (i) 5e(9 (ii) H-;-'B
( c ) 3raw the structures of (i) H+l'9 (ii)<r(
/
&(() $ 0#MPTT
"/) ! does not form any pentahalide li2e @ why?
"##) >easons?(i) '
-
molecule has formula '
-
while ; has ;
C
(ii) H
-
; is less acidic than H
-
Ae
"-)) (a) %rrange H+l'EH+l'
-
EH+l'
/
EH+l'
9
in order of acidic strength. Jive
reason.
()Write equation for +l
-
water reacts with conc. soln. of !a'H Yustify
that
this is a disproportionation reaction.
(c) Jive one use of +l(
/
"-)) (a) Why do some nole gases form compounds with ( & ' only.
() How are the following compounds prepared fro 5e(
*
(i) 5e'(
9
(ii)5e'
/
(c) 3raw structure of <r(
/
"/) Why is !
-
very unreactive as compared to @
9
"9) When H+l reacts with Hnely powdered iron it forms (e+l
-
& not (e+l
/
why?
"--) (a) How are interhalogen compounds formulated & how are they
prepared?
() which neutral molecule would e isoelectronic with +l'
1
"-/) (a) How does 5e atom forms compounds even though the 5e atom has
a
closed shell electronic conHguration
() 3raw structures of 5e'(
9
(c) +omplete 5e(
9
. H
-
'
&(() A* 0#MPTT
"4) ( e=hiits only N# o=idation state in its compound whereas other
halogens
e=hiit many other o=idation state why?
"-9) (i) 3raw structure of ;'
-
molecule .+omment.
'n the nature of two ;1' onds formed in it %re the two ;1' onds in
this
molecule equal?
( ii ) What happens when white @ is heated with conc. !a'H soln.in an
inert
gas atmosphere.
"#) Why are halogens mostly coloured?
"-$) (i) Why is <iH/ the strongest >.%. among all the hydrides of gr #4
elements.
(ii) H-' is liquid while H-; is a gas why?
(iii) Why is Da-ZZDa# for H-;'9 in water
&((% A*
"9) Why is red @ less reactive than white @
"#-) +omplete (i) 5e(
-
. H
-
' (ii) @H/ . Hg+l-
"-)) (a)3raw structures of (i) H-;-'C(ii) H+l'9
() How would you account for the following ?
(i) !H
/
/
(ii) (- is a stronger '.%. than +l-
(iii); shows greater tendency for catenation than '.
"-)) (a)3raw structures of (i) H-;-'B(ii) H+l'/
(i) 0n the structure of H!'/ the !1' ond (#-#pm) is shorter than !1'H
ond (#9$pm)
(ii) %ll @1+l onds in @+l4 are not equivalent.
(iii) 0+l is more reactive than 0-
"-))(a)3raw structures of (i) H/@'-(ii) <r(/
(i) !o chemical compound of He is 2nown
(ii) <ond dissociation energy of (- is less than that of +l-
(iii) @ shows greater tendency for catenation than !.
"/$) (a)3raw structures of (i) H-;-'B(ii) 5e(9
(i) Ahe Nve value of electron gain enthalpy is less for ( than that for +l
(ii) (- is a stronger '.%. than +l-
(iii)H( has a much higher .p. than H+l
&((% $
"-#)(i)Why is <i(O) stronger '.%. than ;(O)
(ii)+omplete ? @9 . !a'H . H-'
'
/
. 0
1
. H
-
'
(iii)3raw structure of 5e(9 E <r(/
"-/) >easons?
(i) !H
/
/
(ii); shows greater tendency for catenation than '.
(iii)<ond dissociation energy of (- is less than that of +l-
(iv) 0n the structure of H!'/ the !1' ond (#-#pm) is shorter than !1'H
ond (#9$pm)
(v) ;(9 is easily hydrolysed wheras ;(* is not
(vi)5e(- has a linear sructure & not a ent angular structure
"-9) E=plain ?
(i) ( does not e=hiit any .ve o=idation state
(ii) Ahe maUority of 2nown nole gas compounds are those of 5e
(iii) @ is much more reactive than !
&((% +
"-)) (a) +omplete (i) 5e(- . @(4
(ii)+l- . !a'H (hot& conc.)
() E=plain(i) ; in vap. ;tate e=hiit paramagnetism
(ii)./ o=idation state ecomes more & more stale from %s
to <i in
the group
"-)) +omplete (i)@+l4 . H-' (e=cess)
(ii) (- . H-'
>easons? (i) !o chemical compound of He is 2nown
(ii)0n soln of H-;'9 in water Da- is less than Da#
(iii)@ shows greater tendency for catenation than !.
"/$) +omplete (i) ;'- . &n'91 . H-'
(ii) Hg+l-. @H/
E=plain (i) ; shows greater tendency for catenation than '.
(ii) ( is stronger '.%. than +l
(iii)Ahe . 4 o=idation state ecomes less stale down the group in
gr.#4 of
the @eriodic Aale.
"/$) (i) +omplete (a) ? @9 . !a'H . H-'
() +u . H!'/ (dil)
(ii) E=plain (a) H-' is liquid while H-; is a gas
() (e dissolves in H+l to form (e+l- & not (e+l/
(c) He is used in diving equipments
&((% $ 0#MPTT
"#4) Write the formula & structure of nole gas species which are iso
structural
with 0+l91 & <r'/1
"-9)>eason (i) @H/ is wea2er ase than !H/
(ii)'(* copound is not 2nown
(iii)( provides the largest variety of interhalogen compounds
amongst the halogen
"-4) Write equation? (i) +l- . !a'H (hot & conc.)
(ii)5e(* . H-'
(iii) !a'H .;'-(e=cess)
"--) >eason ? (i)0n the solid state @+l4 ehaves as an ionic species
(ii) H-; is more acidic than water
(iii)!- is not particularly reactive
(iv)Halogens are stronger '.%.
(v);(* is less reactive than ;(9
(vi )( forms largest no. of interhalogen compounds amongst
halogens.
"-*) Jive reasons? (i) !- is not particularly reactive
(i) 5- are strong '.%.
(ii) ;(* is less reactive than ;(9.
2010 AI
"/) ( does not e=hiit any . ve o=idation state Why?
"#9) +omplete (i) 0- . H!'/ (conc) (ii) Hg+l- . @H/
"#4) 3raw structures of (i) H9@-'4 (ii) 5e(9
"-4) %ccount for the following?
(i) !+l/ is an endothermic compound while !(/ is an e=othermic one
(ii) 5e(- is a linear molecule without a end.
(iii) Ahe electron gain enthalpy with N ve sign of ( is less than that of +l
still (- is strong '.%. than +l-.
"-)!- is relatively inert as compared to @9 Why?
"#4) +omplete (i) !a'H (cold & dil.) . +l- (ii) 5e(* . H-' (e=cess)
"--) %ccount for the following?

(i) Ahe electron gain enthalpy with N ve sign is less for ' than that of
;.
(ii) @ shows greater tendency for catenation than !
(iii) ( never acts as a central atom in polyatomic interhalogen
compounds.
2010 D
"9)Why does !'- dimerise?
"#- )3raw the structure of white and red phosphorous.Which one of these
two types of phosphorous is more reactive and why?
"-)) ( a )+omplete the following?
#. !a'H (hot and conc.) . +l- -. 5e(* . H-'
( ) How would you account for the following?
( i ) Ahe value of EJE with Nve sign of ; is higher than that of '
( ii ) !(/ is e=othermic ut !+l/ is endothermic.
( iii ) +l(/ molecule has A shaped structure and not a triangular planar
one.
"-)) ( a) +omplete the following?
( i) @9 . ;'+l- (ii) 5e(9 . H-'
( ) E=plain the following giving reason
( i ) Ahe staility of .4 o=idation state decreases down the group in gr. #4
of the
@.A.
( ii ) ;olid @+l4 ehaves as an ionic compound.
( iii ) Halogens are strong o=idi7ing agent.
"9)What is '.!. of @ in H/@'- molecule
"#-) 3raw structure of ( i) <r(/ ( ii ) 5e(9
"9) 3raw structure of '/ molecule.
2010 F
"9) Which is stronger acid in aq. ;olution H+l or H0 and why?
"#-) 3raw structures of (i) <r(/ (ii) 5e'(9
"-)) (a) +omplete (i) Hg+l- .@H/ (ii) ;i'- . H(
( ) E=plain (i) ; in vapour state e=hiit paramagnetic ehavior
(ii) Ahe staility of ./ state increasesdown the gr.in gr. #4 of the @.A.
(iii) 5e(- has a linear shape and not a ent structure
"-) ) (a) +omplete (i) %g+l . !H/ (ii) @9 . !a'H . H-'
( ) E=plain (i)H-; is less acidic thanH-Ae
( ii) (- is stronger '.%. than+l-
( iii ) !ole gases are least reactive elements.
")) 3raw structures of '/ and ;C molecules.
"#-) 3raw structures of 5e(- and H+l'9 molecules.
NEW SAMPLE PAPER I
"*) Which 5e compound is isostructural with 0+l9
1
?
"#-)(i) 3raw structure of phosphinic acid(H/@'-)
( ii) Write a chemical reaction for its use as a reducing agent.
"#/) ( a) ;uggest a quantitative method for estimation of gas which protect
us
from uv rays of the sun
( )!itrogen o=ides emitted from the e=haust system of supersonic Uet
aeroplanes slowly deplete the concentration of '/ layer in the upper
atmosphere.+omment.
"--) Write equation for the following reaction
( a) thermal decomposition of (!H9)-+r-'B
( ) reactionof +l- with cold and hot dil.!a'H
( c) when phosphine is passed through Hg+l- solution
NEW SAMPLE PAPER II
"9) Which of the following compounds has a lone pair of electron at the
central
atom?
H-;-'CEH-;-'BEH-;'/EH-;'9
"#9) Jive chemical reaction in support of the following oservations
( a) H-;'9 has low volatility.
( ) 0
1
can e o=idi7ed y '- in acidic medium
"-C)(a) %n orange solid % on heating gives a colourless gas <.Ahe gas < in
dry
condition is passed over heated +a to give a solid +.Ahe solid +
further
reacts with water to produce a gas 3 which forms a lue coloured
compound E on reaction with +u;'9 solution.0dentify %E<E+E3EE and
give the sequence of reactions involved.
( ) %rrange the following in order of property indicated for each set
( i) H+lEH0EH<rEH( (decreasing thermal staility)
( ii) 5eEHeEDrE>nE!e (decreasing order of EJE)
"-C) (a) Jive reasons?
( i) solid @+l4 is an ionic compound.
(ii ) &ost of the reactions of ( are e=othermic.
( iii) '/ is thermodynamically unstale.
( ) 3raw the structure of the following.
( i) 5e'(9 ( ii) H9@-'B
"#4) +omplete the following?
(a)(!H9)-+r-'B on heat
()01 . '/ .H-'
"#)) 3raw the structures (a) H-;-'C ()5e'/ ( c) H'+l'-
"-*) Jive reasons?
( a) 0nterhalogen compounds are more reactive thn halogens
( ) @+l4 is 2nown ut !+l4 is not 2nown.
( c) %mong all the nole gasesonly 5e is 2nown to form compounds with '
and (
2011 AI
"-#) How would you account for the following?
( i) H-; is more acidic than H-'.
( ii) Ahe !1' ond in !'-
N
is shorter than !1' ond in !'/
1
(iii ) <oth '- and (- staili7e high o=idation states ut the aility of '- to
staili7e the higher o=idation state e=ceeds that of (-
"-)) ( a) 3raw the structures of the following molecules.
(i) (H@'/)/ (ii) <r(/
( ) +omplete the following equations
(i) Hg+l- . @H/
(ii) ;'/ . H-;'9
(iii) 5e(9 . H-'
"-)) ( a) (i) +l- gas is passed through a hot concentrated solution of !a'H
(ii ) ;'- gas is passed through an aqueous solution of a (e /.
salt
( ) %nswer thefollowing?
(i) What is the asicity of H/@'/ and why?
(ii) Why does ( not play the role of central atom in interhalogen
compounds
(iii) Why do nole gases have very low .p.?
"-#) %ccount for the following?
(i) !(/ is an e=othermic compound ut n+l/ is not
(ii) Ahe acidic strength of compounds increasesin the order @H/ Z H-;Z
H+l
(iii) ;(* is 2inetically inert.
2011 D
"9) 3raw the structure of 5e(- molecule
"#-) >epeated question
"#-) >epeated question
"/$) (a) E=plain
(i) !(/ is an e=othermic compound whereas !+l/ is not
(ii) (- is more reactive of all the four common halogens
( ) +omplete
(i) + . conc. H-;'9
(ii) @9 . !a'H . H-'
(iii) +i- . (-(e=cess)
"/$)(a) %ccount for the following?
(i) Ahe acidic strength decreases in the order H+l[H-;[@H/
(ii) Aendency to form pentahalides decreases down the group in group
#4 of the periodic tale
() +omplete the following equations?
(i) @9 . ;'-+l-
(ii) 5e(- . H-'
(iii) 0- . H!'/ (conc.)
"9) draw the structure of 5e(9 molecule.
"9) draw the structure of <r(/ molecule.
2011 F
"#9) how would you account for the following?
(i) Ahe following order of increase in strength of acids?
@H/ZH-;ZH+l
(ii) Ahe o=idi7ing power of o=oacids of chlorine follows the order?
H+l'9 Z H+l'/ ZH+l'- ZH+l'
"--)complete the following chemical equations?
(i) !a'H (hot and conc.). +l-
(ii) 5e(9 . '-(- at #9/ D
(iii) <r- . (- (e=cess)
"-/) (a) &ention the optimum conditions for the industrial manufacture of
ammonia y HaerFs process.
() E=plain the following giving appropriate reasons?
(i)sulphur vapour e=hiits paramagnetic ehavior.
(ii) red phosphorus is less reactive than white phosphorus.
"-/)draw the structures of the following molecules?
(i) !(/
(ii) H-;-'C
(iii) H/@'/
"--) +omplete the following chemical equations?
(i) @9 . ;'-+l-
(ii) (e/. . ;'- . H-'
(iii) 5e(* . H-' (e=cess)
"#9) E=plain giving a reason each for the following situation?
(i) 0n aqueous medium H+l is stronger acid than H(
(ii) White phosphorus is more reactive than red phosphorus.
"--) complete the following chemical equations?
(i) + . H-;'9 (conc.)
(ii) @9 . !a'H .H-'
(iii) +l- . (- (e=cess)
2010 D COMPTT
"#4)write the formulae and the structures of nole gas species which are
isostructural with (i)0+l
9
1
(ii) <r'
/
1
"-9) give reasons for the following?
(i) @H/ is wea2er ase than !H/
(ii) '(* compound is not 2nown
(iii) (luorine provides the largest variety of interhalogen compounds
amongst the halogens.
"-4) Write the alanced equations for the following reactions.
(i) +hlorine is passed through hot concentrated !a'H solution.
(ii) 5e(* is hydrolysed.
(iii) E=cess of ;'- reacts with !a'H solution
"-4) arrange the following in order of the property mentioned?
(i) @H/ E!H/E;H/E%sH/ (increasing asic strength)
(ii) H+lEH<rEH0EH( (increasing acidic strength)
(iii) H+l'9EH+l'E H+l'- (increasing o=idi7ing power)
"#-) draw structure and predict the shape of (i) H/@'/ (ii) 5e'(9
"--) suggest the possile reason for the following oservations?
(i) 0n the solid state E @+l4 ehaves as an ionic species.
(ii) H-; is more acidic than water
(iii) (luorine forms the largest numer of interhalogen compounds
amongst the halogens.
"#B) draw the structure and predict the shape of (i) 5e'/ (ii) <r(/
"-*) give reasons for the following?
(i) !- is not particularly reactive
(ii) Halogens are strong o=idi7ing agents
(iii) ;(* is less reactive than;(9
2010 AI COMPTT:
"4) what is the covalence of nitrogen in !-'4?
"*) why are the two ; N' onds in ;'- molecule of equal strength?
"--) answer the following?
(a) +omplete the equation 5e(* . H-' (e=cess)
()What happens when H/@'/ is heated?
(c) Why is 0+l more reactive than 0-?
"-/) account for the following?
(i) Halogens are coloured
(ii) !itrogen shows wea2er tendency for catenation than phosphorus
(iii) H-; is less acidic than H-Ae
"9) why are pentahalides of metals more covalent than its trihalides?
"-/) account for the following?
(i) Halogensare strong o=idi7ing agents.
(ii) !H/ is clearly asic while @H/ is feely asic.
(iii) '=ygen is involved in hydrogen ondingwhile chlorine is not.
"#) why is <iH/ the strongest reducing agent amongst the hydrides of group
#4
elements?
"-$) account for the following?
(i) Lnli2e other halogens E Quorine forms only one o=oacid EH'(
(ii) !itrogen e=ist as a diatomic molecule whereas phosphorus e=ist as
@9
(iii) the two ; N' onds in ;'- molecule are equal .
2012 AI
"9) which is stronger reducing agent E ;H/ or <iH/E and why?
"#-) e=plain the following facts giving appropriate reason in each case?
(i) !(/ is an e=othermic compound whereas !+l/ is not.
(ii) %ll the onds in ;(9 are not equivalent.
"-)) (a) 3raw the molecular structures of the following compounds?
(i) !-'4
(ii) 5e'(9
() e=plain the following oservations?
(i) sulphur has a greater tendency for catenation than o=ygen.
(ii) 0+l is more reactive than 0-.
(iii) 3espite lower value of its electron gain enthalpy with negative
signE(- is a stronger o=idi7ing agent than +l-.
"-))(a) complete the following oservations?
(i) +u . H!'/ (dilute)
(ii) 5e(9 . '-(-
(i) phosphorus has a greater tendency for catenation than nitrogen.
(ii) o=ygen is a gas ut sulphur is a solid
(iii) Ahe halogens are coloured. Why?
"/$) (a) 3raw the molecular structures of the following compounds?
(i) H/@'-
(ii) +l(/
(i) nitrogen is much less reactive than phosphorus.
(ii) despite having greater polarityEH( oils at a lower temperature than
water.
(iii) sulphur has a greater tendency for catenation than o=ygen in the
same group.
"/$) (a) 3raw the molecular structures of the following compounds?
(i) !-'4
(ii) H+l'9
(i) H-; is more acidic than H-'.
(ii) (luorine does not e=hiit any positive o=idation state.
(iii) Helium forms no real chemical compound.
"9) what is the asicity of H/@'- acid and why?
2012 D
"/) Which one of @+l
9

.
and @+l
9

N
is not li2ely to e=ist and why?
"#9) E=plain the following giving an appropriate reason in each case.
(i) '- and (- oth staili7e higher o=idation states of metals ut '-
e=ceeds (- in doing so.
(ii) ;tructures of 5enon Quorides can not e e=plained y Oalence <ond
approach.
"-)) (a) +omplete the following chemical reaction equations?
(i) @9 . ;'-+l-
(ii) 5e(* . H-'
() @redict the shape and angle()$
$
or more or less) in each of the
following cases?
(i) ;'
/
-1
and the angle '1;1'
(ii) +l(/ and the angle (1+l1(
(iii) 5e(- and the angle (1 5e N(
"-)) (a) +omplete the following chemical equation?
(i) !a'H . +l-
(hot and conc.)
(ii) 5e(9 . '-(-
() 3rawthe structures of the following molecules?
(i) H/@'-
(ii) H-;-'B
(iii) 5e'(9
"/) 'f @H/ and H-; which is more acidic and why?
"/$)(a) 3raw molecular structures of following compounds?
(i) 5e(*
(ii) H-;-'C
() E=plain the following oservations?
(i) Ahe molecules !H/ and !(/ have dipole moments which are of
opposite direction.
(ii) %ll the onds in @+l4 molecules are not equivalent.
(iii) ; in vapour state e=hiits paramagnetism.
"/$) (a) +omplete the following chemical equations?
(i) 5e(9 . ;(4
(ii) +l- . (- (e=cess)
() E=plain each of the following?
(i)!itrogen is much less reactive than phosphorus
(ii) Ahe staility of .4 o=idation state decreases down group #4
(iii) Ahe ond angles ('1!1') are not of the same value in !'
-
1
and !'
-
.
"9) %lthough the H Nonding in H( is much stronger than that in waterEyet
water
has a much higher .p. than H(. Why?
"#-) E=plain the following?
(i) Ahe chemical reactivity ofnitrogen is much less thanthat of
phosphorus.
(ii) ;(* is 2inetically inert.
"#/) 3raw the molecular structures of the following?
(i) H/@'/
(ii) <r(/
"-/) +omplete the following chemical equations?
(i) !H9+l . !a!'-
(ii) @9 . !a'H . H-'
(iii) 5e . (- (at *B/DE#ar)
"9)Which is more acidic and whyEH-' or H-;?
"#/)3raw the molecular structures of the following?
(i) H-;-'C
(ii) 5e(-
"-/)+omplete the following chemical equations?
(i) Hg+l- . @H/
(ii) !a'H . +l-
(hot and conc.)
(iii) 5e(9 . '-(-
"9)Which is stronger acid in aqueous solutionEH( or H+lE and why?
"#-) ;tate a reason for each of the following?
(i) ( never e=hiits any positive o=idation state.
(ii) He does not form any real chemical compound.
"-/) +omplete the following chemical equations?
(i) ;n . -@+l4 (heat)
(ii) (e
/.
. ;'- .H-'
(iii) 5e(- . H-'
2013 AI
"-) !ame two poisonous gases which can e prepared from chlorine gas.
"#9) 3raw the structures of the following molecules?
(i) 5e'(9 (ii) H/@'/
"#4) How are interhalogen compounds formed? What
general compositions can e assigned to them?
"-#) give reasons for the following?
(i) Where > is an al2yl groupE>/@ G ' e=ist ut >/!G' does not
(ii) @+l9 is more covalent than @+l-
(iii) %t room temperature E !- is much less reactive.
"-) which aerosol depletes o7one layer?
"#9) 3raw the structures of the following molecules?
(i) 5e(* (ii) H-;-'B
"-B) give reasons for the following?
(i) '=ygen is a gas ut sulphur is a solid
(ii) '/ acts as a powerful o=idi7ing agent
(iii) <iH/ is the strongest reducing agent amongstall the hydrides of
group #4 elements.
"-) what is the asicity of H/@'/ and why?
"-#) give reasons for the following?
(i) Ahough nitrogen e=hiits .4 o=idation stateE it does not form
pentahalide.
(ii) Electron gain enthalpy with negative sign of Quorine is less than
that of chlorine.
(iii) Ahe two o=ygen1o=ygen ond length in o7one molecule are identical.
*+estio& a&,
-TJe d > 5 N loI, ele#e&ts. / #a0,s
"#9) % mi=ed o=ide of (e & +rE+r
-
'
/
is fused with !a
-
+'
/
in the presence of
air to
form a yellow compound (%)E 'n acidiHcation the compound (%) forms
an
orange coloured compound (<) which is strong '.%. 0dentify ( i ) the
compounds (%) & (<)(ii)Write alanced equation for each step.
"-/) E=plain (a) Aransition metals act as catalyst
() +r group elements have highest m.p. in their respective
series.
(c ) Aransition metals form coloured comple=es
"/$) (a)% lac2ish rown coloured solid % when fused with al2ali metal
hydro=ide in presence of air produces a dar2 green coloured compound <
which on electrolytic o=idation in al2aline medium gives a dar2 purple
compound +.0dentify %E<E+& write the reactions involved.
() What happens when an acidic solution of green compound < is
allowed to stand for sometime?
Jive the equation involved What is this type of reaction called?
"/$) >easons? (a) A.E. have high enthalpy of atomi7ation
() %mong the lanthanoidsE+e(000) is easily o=idi7ed to +e(0O)
(c ) (e
/.
8(e
-.
redo= couple has less .ve electrode potential than
&n
/.
8 &n
-.
couple
(d)+u (0) has d
#$
conHguration while +u (00) has d
)
conHguration Estill
+u (00)
is more stale in aq. solution than +u (0).
(e)Ahe second & third transition series elements have almost similar
atomic radii.
"-)) (a) 'ut of %g
-
;'
9
E+u(
-
E&g(
-
& +u+l. Which compound will e coloured &
why?
() E=plain? (i) +r'
9

-1
is strong '.%.while &n'
9
-1
not.
(ii) :r & Hf have identical si7es
(iii)Ahe lowest o=idation state of &n is asic while the highest is
acidic
(iv)&n (00) shows ma=imum paramagnetic character amongst the
divalent ions of the Hrst transition series.
"-)) (a) 0n the titration of (e;'
9
withD&n'
9
in the acidic mediumEwhy is dil.
H
-
;'
9
used instead of H+l?
( ) >easons? (i) %mong transition metals the highest o=idation state is
e=hiited in o=oanions of a metal
(ii)A.E. form a no. of interstitial compounds.
(iii):n
-.
salts are white while +u
-.
salts are lue
(iv)+e
9.
is used as an '.%. in volumetric analysis
&(() $
"-))>easons? (i) A.E. & many of their compounds act as a good catalyst.
(ii)%ctinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid contraction
(iii)Ahe E
$
value for &n
/.
8 &n
-.
couple is much more .ve than
that for

+r
/.
8 +r
-.
.
(iv);c(-#) does not e=hiit variale o=idation state & yet it is
regarded
as a A.E.
(v) With d9 conHguration E +r
-.
act as a >.%. ut &n
/.
acts as an
'.%.
"-))(a) What may e the possile o=idation state of A.E. with the following d
electronic conHguration in the ground state of their atoms
/d
/
9;
-
E/d
4
9;
-
& /d
*
9;
-
.0ndicate relative staility of o=idation state in
each
case.
() Write the steps involved in the preparation of (i)!a
-
+r'
9
from chromite
ore
(ii) D
-
&n'
9
from pyrolusite ore
&(() A*
"#/) +omplete the equations(i) o=idation of (e
-.
y +r
-
'
B
-1
in acidic medium
(ii) o=idation of ;
-
'
/
-1
y &n'
9
1
in neutral aq. medium
"-/) >eason? (i) Ahe A.E.generally form coloured compounds (ii) With /d9
conHgurationE+r-. act as a >.%.ut &n/. act as an '.%. (at. &ass
+rG-9E
&nG-4) (iii )Ahe actinoids e=hiit a larger no. of o=idation state than
the
corresponding lanthanoids.
&(() +
"#/) +ompare the relative staility of .- o=idation state in aq. ;olution for
the
metals having their atoms the outer conHguration /d
/
9;
-
E/d
4
9;
-
&
/d
*
9;
-
"-/) (a) +omplete (i) +r
-
'
B
-1
. H
.
. (e
-.

(ii)&n'
9
1
. 0
1
. H
.
() How many unpaired electrons are present in &n

-.
ion?How does it
inQuence mag.ehaviourof &n-. ions?
&(() $ 0#MPTT
"#-) >easons(i)Ahere are irregularities in the e.c. of actinoids.
(ii) 0ompounds o- T.E. are o-ten /oloured
"-9) (a) 3escrie the commercial preparation of Dmn'9 from pyrolusite
ore.
( ) Write ionic equation to represent the reaction of acidiHed Dmn'9
solution with o=alic acid.
"#4)>easons? (a) A.E. are well 2nown to form comple= compounds ( )Ahe
second & third memers in Each group of A.E. have very similar at.
>adii
"#-) >easons? Why do d loc2 elements generally e=hiit large no. of
o=idation
states than those e=hiited y the f loc2 elements
&(() A* 0#MPTT
"-)) >easons? (i) Ahe actinoids e=hiit a larger no. of o=idation state as
compared to Ianthanoids in general.
( ii) Ahough a A.E. (;cG-#) does not e=hiit variale o=idation state.
( ) (i) 3escrie how D-+r-'B is prepared from chromate
(ii)Ahe colour of D
-
+r
-
'
B
solution changes with change in pH of
solution
"-)) (a) 'n what ground can you say that;c(-#) is a A.E. ut :n(/$) is not?
( )Lse HundFs rule to derive the e.c. of +e/. ion & calculate its magnetic
moment y using Mspin onlyFformula (+eG4C)
( c )What is lanthanoid contraction & what are its consequences?
&((% A*
Q13) )o&plete the ollo%in$ reactions*
(i) &n'
9
1
. +
-
'
9
-1
. H
.
(ii) +r
-
'
B
-1
. H
.
. (e-.
"-4) How would you account for the following
(i) &any of the AEE. and their compounds can act as good catalyst.
(ii) Ahe metallic radii of the4 d series of A.E. are virtually the same as
those of the corresponding memers of the 9 d series.
(iii) Ahere is greater range of o=idation state among the actinoids than the
lanthanoids.
&((% $
"-)) (a)+omplete the equations?
(i) &n'
9
1
. +
-
'
9
-1
. H
.
(ii) +r
-
'
B
-1
. H
.
. (e-.
( ) E=plain
(i)Ahere is general increase in the density of elements from Ai to
+u
(ii)Ahere occurs much more frequent &1& onding in compounds of
A.E. (/
rd
series)
(iii) Ahe memers in the actinoid series e=hiit a large no. of o=idation
states than the corresponding memers in the lanthanoid series.
(i) +r
-
'
B
-1
. H
.
.H
-
;
(ii)&n'
9
1
. ;
-
'
/
-1
. H
-
'
( ) E=plain? (i)Ahe gradual decrease in si7e in actinoid contraction from
element
to element is greater among the actinoids than that among the
lanthanoids
(ii)Ahe greatest no. of o=idation states are e=hiited y memers in
the middle of a transition series.
(iii) With the same d oritals (d9) +r-. 0s a >.%. ut &n/. ion is an '.%.
"-C)( a) +omplete the equations?
(i) +r
-
'
B
-1
. H
.
. 0
1

(ii)&n'
9
1
. (e
-.
. H
.
( ) E=plain
#.A.E. are 2nown to form many interstitial compounds
-. Ahe enthalpy of atomi7ation of A.E. are quite high.
/. A.E. formcoloured compounds
9. A.E. e=hiit variale o=idation state.
"-C) E=plain ? (i) 0n general the atomic radii of A.E. decrease with at.no. in a
given series.
(ii ) E
$
&
-.
8 & for +u is $./9O 0t is the only metal in / d
series
showing this type of ehaviour.
( iii) E$ value for &n/.8&n-. couple is much more .ve
than for
+r/.8+r-. or (e/.8(e-. couple
"-C) (a ) What is meant y lanthanoid contraction?what is it due to and what
consequences does it have on the chemistry of elements following
lanthanoid in the @.A.
( ) E=plain (i) +u. ion is unstale in aq.solution
(ii)although +o-. ion appears to e stale Eit is
o=idi7ed to
+o/. ion in presence of strong ligand.
(iii)E
$
&n
-.
8 &n value for &n is much more than
e=pected from
the trend for other elements in the series.
&((% +
Q13) +eason*
(i) ,he enthalp# o ato&i-ation o ,.'" are quite hi$h/
(ii) ,here isa $reater hori-ontal si&ilarit# in the propert# o,"'" than that o the &ain $r"
'le&ents"
Q23) '0plain *
(i) With the same d oritals (d9) +r-. 0s a >.%. ut &n/. ion is an '.%.
(ii) +u. ion is unstale in aq.solution
(iii) %mong /d series of A.E. the largest no. of o=idation states are
e=hiited y
&n
"#/) +omplete?
(i)&n'
9
1
. (e
-.
. H
.
(ii)+r
-
'
B
-1
. +
-
'
9
-1
. H
.

&((% $ 0#MPTT
"-))>easons?
( a) (i) +u. ion is unstale in aq.solution
(ii)&n-. ion shows ma=imum paramagnetic character amongst the ivalent
ions
of /d series
(iii);c salts are white.
( ) 3escrie the reactions involved in the preparation of D-+r-'B from
chromite ore
"-))(a) 3escrie the following for Hrst series of A.E. and their trends
(i) at.radii (ii) o=idation states ( iii) 0.E.
( ) !ame an important alloy which contains some of the lanthanoid
metals.&ention its two uses.
2010 AI
(i) +r
-
'
B

-1
. H
-
; . H
.

(ii) +u
-.
. 0
1

( ) %ccount for the following?
(i) Ahe o=idi7ing power of o=oanins are in the order O'
-
.
Z +r
-
'
B

-1
Z
&n'
9
1
(ii) Ahe third ioni7ation enthalpy of &n (-4) is e=ceptionally high.
(iii) +r
-.
is a stronger >.%. than (e
-.
(i) +r
-
'
B

-1
. (e
-.
. H
.

(ii)
( ) E=plain the following?
(i) Ia
/.
(4B) and Iu
/.
(B#) do not show any colour in solution
(ii) %mong the divalent cations in the Hrst series of A.E. E &n e=hiits
the ma=imum paramagnetism.
(iii) +u
.
is not 2nown in aqueous solution.
2010 D
"#/) E=plain
(i) Jenerally there is increase in density of elements from Ai1-- to +u1
-) in the Hrst series of A.E.
(ii) A.E. and their compounds are generally found to e good catalysts in
chemical reaction.
"-/) How would you account for the following
(i) Ahe at. >adii of elements of the 4 d series of A.E. arevirtually the
same as those of the corresponding memers of 9 d series.
(ii) E$ value for &n/.8&n-. couple is much more .ve than for
+r/.8+r-. or (e/.8(e-. couple
(iii) Ahe highest o=idation state of ametal is e=hiited in its o=ide or
Quoride
"#/) E=plain?
(i) Ahe A.E. generally form coloured compounds
(ii) :n is not regarded as a A.E.
2010 F
"#/)3escrie preparation of
(i) D-+r-'B from !a-+r'9
(ii) D&n'9 from D-&n'9
"--)E=plain?
(i) Ahe enthalpy of atomi7ation of transition metals are quite high
(ii) Ahere is close similarity in physical and chemical property of 9d and
4 d series of the A.E. much more than e=pected on the asis of usual
family relationship.
(iii)Ahe memers in the actinoid series e=hiit large no. of o=idation state
than the corresponding memer in the lanthanoid series.
"--) E=plain?
(i) Ahe A.E. have great tendencyfor comple= formation
(ii) Ahere is a gradual decrease in the atomic si7e of A.E. in a series with
increasing at.no.
(iii)Ia and Iu do not show colouration in the solution.(at.no Ia G 4BEIu G
B#)
NEW SAMPLE PAPER I
"-)) (a) (i) Which is stronger >.%.+r-. or (e-. and why?
(ii)E=plain why +u. ion is not stale in aq. soln.
(iii) E=plai why +e9. is a strong '.%.
( ) 3escr the o=idi7ing property of D&n'9 in neutral or faintly al2aline
medium for its reaction with 01 ions and ;-'/-1 ions
"-)) (a) %ccount for the following
(i) '=idising power in the series O'-. Z+r-'B-1Z&n'91
(ii) %ctinoid contraction is greater from element to element than
lanthanoid contraction
(iii) '=oanions of a metal show higher o=idation state.
( ) What is &isch metal?Jive its one use.
NEW SAMPLE PAPER II
"#B)Ahe sum of 0E# and 0E- E0E/ and 0E9 of !i and @t are
0E#.0E- (&Y8mol) 0E/.0E9 (&Y8mol)
!i -.9) C.C$
@t -.** *.B$
<ased on the aove informations answer the following?
(a)Which is the most o=idation state for !i and @t?Why?
()'ut of the twoEname the metal which can easily form compounds in .9
o=idation state and why?
"--)Write chemical equation for the following reactions?
(a)'=idation of !'-1 ion y &n'91 in acidic medium
()%cidiHcation ofD-+r-'B solution
(c) 3isproportionation of &n(O0) in acidic solution
"--)%ccount for the followinh?
(a)Eu(00) is more stale than +e(00)
()A.E. have high enthalpy of atomi7ation
(c) %ctinoids are generally coloured.
"-)) E=plain?
(a)%ctinoids show large numer of o=idation states
()A.E. form large numer of comple=es
(c) +r is typical hard metalwhile He is liquid
(d)&n' is asic while &n-'/ is acidic in nature
(e)%g is transition metal ut :n is not
"-))(a) Jive two consequences of lanthanoid contraction.
()+omplete the following reactions?
(i) &n'
9
1
. ;
-
'
/
-1
. H
-
'
(ii) +r
-
'
B
-1
. H
.
. ;n-.
(c)Which of the following has ma=imum numer of unpaired electrons?
Ai/.EO-.E(e-.E&g-.
(d)<ased on the data arrange (e-.E&n-. and +r-. in the increasing
order of staility of .- o=idation state
E$+r/.8+r-. G 1$.9OEE$&n/.8&n-. G #.4OEE$(e/.8(e-. G $.C$
2011 AI
"9) What is meant y Ianthanoid contraction?
"#4)How would you account for the following?
(i) +r-. is reducing in nature while with the same d orital
conHguration (d9) &n/. is an '.%.
(ii) 0n a transition series of metalsEthe metal which e=hiits the greatest
no. of o=idation state occurs in the middle of the series.
"#*) +omplete the following?
(i) &n'
9
1
. ;
-
'
/
-1
. H
-
'
(ii) +r
-
'
B
-1
. H
.
. (e-.
"#*) ;tate reasons
(i) +u(0) ion is not stale in an aq. solution.
(ii) Lnli2e +r/.E&n-.E(e/. and the susequent other &-. ions of the
/d series of elementsEthe rd and the 4d seriesmetals generally do
not form stale cationic species.
"#4) Jive reasons?
(i) Aransition metals and their compounds are generally found to e
good catalyst
(ii) &etal1&etal onding is more frequent for the 9d and the 4d series of
treansition metals than that of the /d series.
"4)What is meant y lanthanoid contraction?
"#4)E=plain giving reasons?
(i) Aransition metals and their compounds generally e=hiit a
paramagnetic ehavior
(ii) Ahe chemistry of actinoids is not smooth as that of lanthanoids.
"#*)+omplete the following equations
(i)&n'
9
1
. ;
-
'
/
-1
. H
-
'
(ii) +r
-
'
B
-1
. H
.
. (e-.
"#*)>easons?
(i) +u(0) ion is not stale in an aq. solution.
(ii) Lnli2e +r/.E&n-.E(e/. and the susequent other &-. ions of the
/d series of elementsEthe rd and the 4d series metals generally do
not form stale cationic species.
2011D
"#/)assign reason for the following?
(i) +opper(0) ion is not 2nown in aqueous solution
(ii) %ctinoids e=hiit greater range of o=idation states than lanthanoids.
"-/) complete the following chemical equations?
(i) +r
-
'
B

-1
. H
-
; . H
.

(ii) D&n'9 (heated)
(iii) &n'
9
1
. +
-
'
9
-1
. H
.
"#/)assign reason for each of the following?

(i) Aransition metals generally form coloured compounds.
(ii) &n e=hiits the highest o=idation state of .B among the /d series of
transition elements.
2011 F
"-)) (a) complete the following >eactions in aqueous medium?
(i) +r
-
'
B

-1
. H
-
; . H
.

(ii) &n'
9
1
. +
-
'
9
-1
. H
.
( ) how would you account for the following?

(i) &etal1metal onding is more e=tensive in the 9d and 4d series of
transition elements than the /d series.
(ii) &n(000) undergoes disproportionation reaction easily
(iii) +o(00) is easily o=idised in the presence of strong ligands.
"-))(a) complete the following chemical equations?
(i) (e
/.
. 0
1

(ii) +r'9
-1
. H
.

( ) e=plain the following?
(ii) With d9 conHguration +r(00) is reducing whereas &n(000) is o=idi7ing
(iii) Aransition metals in general act as good catalysts
2010D COMPTT
"-))(a) give reasons for the following oservations?
(ii) &n(00) ion shows ma=imum paramagnetic character amonst the
ivalent ions of Hrst transition series.
(iii) ;c(-#) salts are white.
( ) 3escrie the reactions involved in the preparation of D-+r-'B from
chromite ore
"-)) (a) 3escrie the following characteristics of the Hrst series of the
transition metals and their trends in the series (;c to :n)
(i) %tomic radii (ii) o=idation states (iii) ioni7ation enthalpies
(c) !ame the important alloy which contains some of the lanthanoid
metals. &ention its two uses.
2010 AI COMPTT:
"-)) (a) write the electronic conHguration of +e/.ionEand calculate the
magnetic moment on the asis of spin N only formula.(+e G 4C)
() account for the following?
(i) the enthalpy of atomi7ation of the transition metals are high.
(ii) the lowest o=ide of a transition metal is asicE the highest is
amphoteric 8acidic.
(iii) +o(00) is stale in aqueous solution ut in the presence of
comple=ing
agentsEit is easily o=idi7ed
"-))(a) how does the acidiHed potassium permanganate solution react
with (i)iron (00) ions and
(ii) '=alic acid?
Write the ionic equations for the reactions.
( )name the o=ometal anion of the transition metals in which the
metal e=hiits the o=idation state equal to group numer.
(c ) account for the following?
(i) ;c (-#) is regarded asa transition element ut :n(/$) is not.
(ii) E$(&-.8&) value for copper is .ve.
2012 AI
"#/) complete the following chemical reaction equations?
(i) +r-'B
-1
. 0
1
. H
.

(ii) &n'
9

1
. !'
-

1
.H
.

"-/)how would you account for the following?
(i) %mong lanthanoidsE In (000) compounds are predominant.
HoweverEoccasionally in solutions or in solid compoundsE .- and .9
ions are otained.
(ii) Ahe E
$
&-. 8&
for copper is positive ($./9O). copper is the only metal in
the Hrst series of transition elements showing this ehavior.
(iii) Ahe metallic radii of the third (4d) series of transition metals are
nearly the same as those of the corresponding memers of the
second series.
"-/) e=plain the following oservations?
(i) &any of the transition elements are 2nown to form interstitial
compounds.
(ii) Ahere is a general increase in density from Ai (:G--)to
copper(:G-))
(iii) Ahe memers of the actinoid series e=hiit a larger numer of
o=idation states than the corresponding memers of the lanthanoid
series.
"-/) e=plain the following oservations?
(i) With the same d1 orital conHguration (d
9
) E +r
-.
is a reducing agent
while &n
/.
is an o=idi7ing agent.
(ii) %ctinoids e=hiit a much larger numer of o=idation states than the
lanthanoids.
(iii) Ahere is hardly any increase in atomic si7e with increasing atomic
numers in a series of transition metals.
2012 D
"#4) +omplete the following equations?
(i) +r-'B
-1
. 0
1
. H
.

(ii) &n'
9

1
. !'
-

1
.H
.

"--) How would you account for the following?
(i) &any of A.E. are 2nown to form interstitial compounds.
(ii) Ahe metallic radii of the third (4d) series of transition metals are
virtually the same as those of the corresponding group memers of
the second
(9d) series.
(iii) Ianthanoids form primarily ./ ions E while the actinoids usually
have higher o=idation states in their compoundsE.9 or even .*
eing typical.
"-/)How would you account for the following ?
(i) With the same d1 orital conHguration (d9) +r-. is a reducing agent
while &n/. is an o=idi7ing agent.
(ii) Ahe actinoids e=hiit a large no. of o=idation states than the
corresponding memers in the lanthanoid series.
(iii) &ost of the transition metal ions e=hiit characteristic in colours in
aq. solution.
"--)E=plain the following oservations giving an appropriate reason for
each.
(i) Ahe enthalpies of atomi7ation of transition elements are quite high.
(ii) Ahere occur much more frequent metal1metal onding in
compoundsof heavy transition metals.
(iii) &n-. is much more resistant than (e-. towards o=idation.
2012F
"-))(a) +omplete and alance the following chemical equation?
(i) +r-'B
-1
. 0
1
. H
.

(ii) &n'
9

1
. ;'
/

-1
.H
.

(i) Ahe transition elements and their compounds are 2nown to act as
catalyst.
(ii) Ahe higher o=idation states are usually e=hiited y the
memers in the middle of a series of transition elements.
(iii) Ahe metal1metal onding is more frequently found with the second
and third series of transition elements.
"-)) +alculate the numer of unpaired electrons in the following gaseous
state
ions? &n-.E+r/.EO/. and (e-.. Which one of these is the most stale
in
aqueous solution? (at.no. OG-/E+rG-9E&nG-4E(eG-*)
(i)Ahe transition metal ions are usually coloured in aq. solution.
(ii) +u(0) is not stale in an aq.solution.
(iv) Ahe highest o=idation state of a transition metal is e=hiited in its
o=ide or Quoride.
2013 AI
"-)) (a) give reasons for the following?
(i) &n/. is a good o=idi7ing agent.
(ii) E$ &-.8& values are not regular for Hrst row transition metals (/d
series)
(iii) %lthough ( is more electronegative than ' E the highest &n Quoride
is &n(9E whereasthe heist o=ide is &n-'B.
( ) +omplete the following equations?
(i) -+r'9 -1 . - H.
(ii) D&n'9 on heating
"-)) (a) Why do transition elements show variale o=idation states?
(i) !ame the element showing ma=imum numer of o=idation states
among the Hrst series of transition metals from ;c (:G-#) to :n (:
G /$)
(ii) !ame the element which shows only ./ o=idation state.
( ) What is lanthanoid contraction? !ame an important alloy which
contains some of lanthanoid metals.

*+estio& a&,
-Co o0di&atio& Io#$o+&ds . 3 #a0,s
"-) Why dos a tetrahedral comple= of type S&%
-
<
-
T not show geometrical
isomerism?
"#/) % metal ion &
n.
having d
9
valence electronic conHguration comines
with
three didentate ligands to form a comple= compound %ssuming Ro [@
(i) 3raw diagram showing d orital splitting during this comple=
formation
(ii) Write the electronic conHguration of valence electron of metal &
n.
in
in terms of t
-g
& eg.
(iii) What type of hyridi7ation will &
n.
ion have?
(iv) !ame the type of isomerism e=hiited y this comple=.
"-#) (a) Jive 0L@%+ name of S+r+l
-
(H
-
')
9
T+l
() Jive the no. of unpaired electrons in S(e(
*
T
91
& S(e(+!)
*
T
91
(c ) !ame the isomerism.
S+o(!H
/
)
4
<rT;'
9
& S+o(!H
/
)
4
;'
9
T<r
Jive the chemical test to distinguish etween these two compounds.
"-/) Jive the e.c. of the
(a)d oritals of Ai inSAi(H
-
')
*
T
/.
ion in an octahedral crystal Held.
()Why is this comple= coloured? E=plain on the asis of distriution of
electron in the d oritals?
(c) How does he colour change on heating SAi(H
-
')
*
T
/.
ion?
&(() $
"-9) (a) What is a ligand? Jive an e=ample of identate ligand.
() E=plain as to how the two comple=es of !iE S!i(+!)
9
T
-1
& !i(+')
9
have
diferent structures ut do not difer in their magnetic ehaviour.S!i G
-CT
&(() A*
"-9) (a)What is the asis of formation of the electrochemical series?
() 3raw the structures of the geometrical isomers of following
S+o(!H
/
)
/
+l
/
T
& S+o+l
-
(en)
-
T
.
&(() +
"-9) 3escrie the limitations of O.<. theory.
&(() $ 0#MPTT
"9) Write 0L@%+ name ofS+o+l(!'
-
)(!H
/
)
9
T+l
"#/) Lsing O.<. approach E deduce the shape & magnetic character of
S+o(!H
/
)
*
T
/.
ion (+o G-B)
&(() A* 0#MPTT
"4) Write 0L@%+ name ofS+o(!H
/
)
*
T S+r(+!)
*
T
"#) Write 0L@%+ name ofS+u(!H
/
)
9
T S@t+l
9
T
"-9) (a)3raw the structure & write the hyridi7ation of +o in cis1
S+o(!H
/
)
9
+l
-
T
.
(b) Write 0L@%+ name ofS+o(!H
/
)
9
+l('!')T+l
&((% A*
"-/) Jiving e=ample for eachE e=plain the following
(i) +rystal Held splitting
(ii) Iin2age isomerism
(iii) %midentate ligand
"-/) +ompare the following comple=es with respect to structural shapes of
unitsEmagnetic ehaviour
& hyrid oritals involved in units S+o(!H
/
)*T
/.
E S+r(!H
/
)
*
T
/.
E!i(+')
9

(+oG-BE+rG-9E!0G-C)
"-/) E=plain (i) Iow spin octahedral comple=es of !i are not 2nown.
(ii) Ahe\ comple=es are 2nown for transition elements only
(iii)+' is stronger ligand than !H/ for many metals.
"-/) +ompare the following comple=es with respect to structural shapes of
unitsEmagnetic ehaviour & hyrid oritals involved in units (i)
S!i(+!)
9
T
-1

(ii) S!i+l
9
T
-1
(iii) S+o(
*
T
/1
&((% $
"-/) (or the comple= S(e(en)
-
+l
-
T+l 0dentify
a) '=idation no. of (e.
) Hyrid oritals & shape of comple=
c) &agnetic ehaviour of comple=
d) !o. of geometrical isomers
e) Whether there is an optical isomer also
f) !ame of the comple=
"-9) +ompare the following comple=es with respect to structural
shapesEmagnetic ehavior & hyridi7ation (i) S+o(
9
T
-1
(ii)
S+r(H
-
')
-
(+
-
'
9
)T
1

(iii) S(e(+!)
*
T
91
&((% +
"-9) Ahree geometrical isomers are possile for S+o(en)(H
-
')
-
(!H
/
)
-
T
/.
. 3raw
molecular structures of these three isomers & indicate which one of
them
is chiral
"-9) +ompare with respect to molecular shape and magnetic ehavior
(i) S+r(!H/)*T/. (ii)S(e(+!)*T91 (iii) S!i+l9T-1
"-9) E=plain giving e=ample
( i ) Iin2age isomerism (ii) 'uter orital comple= (iii) % identate ligand
&((% $ 0#MPTT
"-9)(a) ;quare planar comple=es of (&5
-
I
-
Aype) with +.!. of 9 e=hiit
geometrical isomerism whereas tetrahedral comple=es with similar
composition do not why?
()3escrie the type of structural shapes Emagnetic ehaviour &
hyridi7ation
of S+o(!H
/
)
9
+l
-
T+l (at.no of +o G-B)
2010 AI
" --) >easons ?
(i) !i does not form low spin octahedral comple=es.
(ii) Ahe\ comple=es are 2nown for the A.E. only.
(iii) +o
-.
is easily o=idi7ed to +o
/.
in the presence of strong ligand.
"-4 ) Write the name E the state of hyridi7ation E shape and the magnetic
ehaviour of the following ?
(i) S+o+l
9
T
-1
E S!i(+!)
9
T
-1
ES+r(H
-
')
-
(+
-
'
9
)
-
T
N
(at. !o. +o G -B E !i G -C E +r G -9)
2010 D
"4)Jive an e=ample of lin2age isomerism.
"#9)!ame the following coordination compounds according to 0L@%+ system
of nomenclature?
(i) S+o(!H/)9(H-')+lT+l-
(ii) S+r+l-(en)-T+l
"4)3escrie the shape and magnetic ehavior of following comple=es?
(i) S+o(!H/)*T/.
(ii) S!i(+!)9T-1
"4)Jive an e=ample of ioni7ation isomerism.
2010 F
"4) What is an amidentate ligand? Jive an e=ample.
"#9)3escrie the state of hyridi7ationEshape and magnetic ehaviour of
(i) S+r(H-')-(+-'9)-T1
(ii) S+o(!H/)-(en)-T/.
"9) Jive an e=ample of coordination isomerism.
NEW SAMPLE PAPER I
"B)What happens to the colour of coordination compound SAi(H-')*T+l/
when
heated gradually?
"#9)(a) Jive e.c. of d oritals of Ai in SAi(H-')*T/. ion and e=plain why this
comple= is coloured? (Ai G --)
() Write 0L@%+ name of S+r(!H/)/(H-')/T+l/
NEW SAMPLE PAPER II
"-B)(a) ;tate the hyridi7ation and magnetic ehavior of S+r(+')*T
( )What are the factors afecting crystal Held splitting energy?
(c) Which of the two is more stale and why? D9S(e(+!)*T or D/S(e(+!)*T
"#*) Lsing Oalence ond theoryE predict the geometry and magnetic
character of S!i+l9T-1. (!i G -C)
2011 AI
"--)E=plain the following terms giving suitale e=ample in each case.
(i) %mident ligand
(ii) 3enticity of ligand
(iii) +rystal splitting in an octahedral Held
"--)Write the structures and name of all the stereoisomers of the following
compounds.
(i) S+o(en)/T+l/ (ii)S@t(!H/)-+l-T (iii)S(e(!H/)9+l-T+l
"--) Write the state of hyridi7ationEthe shape and magnetic ehavior of
(i) S+r(!H/)9+l-T+l
(ii) S+o(en)/T+l/
(iii) D-S!i(+!)9T
2011 D
"-9) write the nameEstereochemistry and magnetic ehavior of the
following?
(&n G-4E+oG-BE!iG-C)
(i) D9S&n(+!)*T
(ii) S+o(!H/)4+lT+l-
(iii) D-S!i(+!)9T
"-9) for the comple= S(e(en)-+l-T+l E identify the following?
(i) '=idation numer of iron
(ii) Hyrid oritals and shape of the comple=
(iii) &agnetic ehavior of the comple=
(iv) !umer of its geometrical isomers
(v) Whether there may e optical isomer also
(vi) !ame the comple=.
2011 F
"/)what do you understand y denticity of a ligand?
"#4) name the following coordination compounds and draw their structures?
(i) S+o+l-(en)-T+l
(ii) S@t(!H/)-+l(!'-)T
(+oG-BE@tGBC)
"/) why is +' a stronger ligand than +l
1
?
"#B) draw the structures of isomers Eif anyE and write the names of the
following
comple=es?
(i) S+r(!H/)9+l-T
.
(ii) S+o(en)/T
/.
(+rG-9E+oG-B)
"/)name the following coordination compound?
D/S+r(*T
"#4) give the name Ethe stereochemistry and the magnetic ehavior of the
following comple=es?
(i) S+o(!H/)4+lT+l-
(ii) D-S!i(+!)9T
2010DCOMPTT
"-/)(a) square planar comple=es(of &5-I- type) with coordination numer
of 9
e=hiit geometrical isomerism whereas tetrahedral comple=es with
similar
compositionE do not. why?
()descrie the type of hyridi7ationEshape and magnetic property of
S+o(!H/)9+l-T+l (+oG-B)
2010AICOMPTT
"-9) write the 0L@%+ name and deduce the geometry and magnetic ehavior
of the comple= D9S&n(+!)*T (&nG-4)
2012 AI
"-9) name the following coordination entities and draw the structures of
their
stereo isomers?
(i) S+o(en)-+l-T.
(ii) S+r(+-'9)/T/1
(iii) S+o(!H/)/+l/T
( atomic no. +r G -9 E +o G -B)
"-9) name the following coordination entities and draw the structures ?
(i) S(e(+!)*T9 N
(ii) S+r(!H/)9+l-T.
(iii) S!i(+!)9T-1
(atomic no. (e G -*E +r G -9E !i G -C)
2012D
"-/) Jive the formula of each of the following coordination entities.
(i) +o/. ion is ound to one +l1 E one !H/ molecule and two identate
ethylene diamine molecules
(ii) !i-. ion is ound to two water molecules and two o=alate ions.
Write the name and magnetic ehavior of each of the aove
coordination entities.(at.no.+oG-BE!iG-C)
"--) ;tate reasons for each of the following situations?
(i) +o-. is easily o=idi7ed to +o/. in presenceof strong ligand
(ii) +' is a stronger comple=ing reagent than !H/
(iii) Ahe molecular shape of !i(+')9 is not same as that of S!i(+!)9T-1
"-/) write the nameEthe structure and the magnetic ehavior of each one of
the
following comple=es?
(i) S@t(!H/)-+l(!'-)T
(ii) S+o(!H/)9+l-T+l
(iii) S!i(+')9T
(at.no. +oG-BE!iG-CE@tGBC)
2012F
"-9) E=plain the following?
(i) Ahe \ comple=es are 2nown for transition elements only.
(ii) !ic2el(00) does not form low spin octahedral comple=es.
(iii) S(e(+!)*T91 and S(e(H-')*T-. are of diferent colours in dilute
solutions.
"-9) !ame the following comple=es and draw the structures of one possile
isomer of each?
(i) S+r(+-'9)/T/1
(ii) S@t(!H/)-+l-T
(iii) S+o(en)-+l-T.
2013 AI
"--) (or the comple= S!i+l9T-1 E write
(i) Ahe 0L@%+ name.
(ii) Ahe hyridi7ation type.
(iii) Ahe shape of the comple=
(%tomic no. of !i G-C)
"--) what is meant y crystal Held splitting energy? 'n the asis of crystal
Held theory Ewrite the electronic conHguration of d9 in terms of t-g and eg in
an octahedral Held when
(i) Ro [ @
(ii) Ro Z @
*+estio& a&,
-Haloal,a&es > Haloa0e&es. H #a0,s
IUPAC
"#) 0L@%+ name of +H
/
+HG+(+H
/
)+H(<r)+H
/
"-) 0L@%+ name of +H/+HG+(+H/)+H-<r
"/) 0L@%+ name of +H/+(+H/)G+(<r)+H-'H
"9) 0L@%+ name of +H
/
+HG+H+H
-
<r
"4) 0L@%+ name of
"*) 3raw the structure of following compound.
91<romo1/1methylpent1-1ene
"B) 3raw the structure of following compound.
#1<romo191sec1utyl1-1methyl en7ene
"C) 0L@%+ name of +H-G+H+H-<r
"))+H/+HG+(+H/)+H-<r
MECHANISM
"#) %n optically active compound having &.(.+
B
H
4
<r reacts with aq.D'H to
give
racemic mi=ture of products. Write the mechanism.
"-) 3iscuss the mechanism of ;!# reaction of haloal2anes
"/) ;uggest a possile mechanism for the following
n1<u<r . D+! (ethanol8H
-
' n1<u+!
"9) How would you diferentiate etween ;!# and ;!- mechanism of
sustitution reaction ? Jive one e=ample of each.
"4)@ropose mechanism of the reaction ta2ing place when
(i) (1)1-1<romooctane reacts with !a'H to form(.)1octan1-1ol
(ii) -1 <romopentane is heated with alc. D'H to form al2enes
REASONS
"#) E=plain as to why haloarenes are much less reactive than haloal2anes
Aowards !ucleophilic sustitution reaction.
"-) Which compound in the following pairs will react faster in ;
!
- reaction
with
N'H & why?(i)+H
/
<r or +H
/
0 (ii) (+H
/
)
/
++l or +H
/
+l
"/) Which compound in the following pairs will undergo ;
!
- reaction faster
why?+
*
H
##
+H
-
+l or +
*
H
##
+l
"9) (i)Why is it that haloal2anes are more reactive than haloarenes towards
nucleophile.
(ii) Which one of the following reacts faster in ;
!
# reaction & why?
+H
/
+H
-
+(+l)+H
-
+H
/
or +H
/
+H
-
+H
-
+H
-
+lE
"4)>eason? (a) Ahe order of reactivity of haloal2ane is >0 [ ><r[>+l
()!eopentylchloride does not follow ;
!
- mechanism
"*)(a)Which of the following compounds would react faster y ;
!
- path
(#1<romoutane or -1<romoutane) &why?
()%llyl chloride is more reactive than n1 propyl chloride towards
nucleophilic
sustance reaction e=plain why?
( c ) Haloal2anes react with D+! to give al2yl cyanide as main product
while with %g+! they form isocyanide as main product. Jive reason.
"B) (a) Which will have a higher .p. #1chloropentane or -1chloro1-1methyl
utane
()Jive reason?p1 nitrochloroen7ene undergoes nucleophilic
sustitution faster than chloroen7ene.E=plain giving the resonating
structures as well.
"C)%nswer
(i)0dentify chiral in +H/+H'H+H-+H/ and +H/+H'H+H/
(ii)%mong the following compounds which one is more easily hydrolysed and
why?+H/+H+l+H-+H/ or +H/+H-+H-+H-+l
(iii)Which of these will react faster in ;!- displacement and why?
#1<romopentane or -1<romopentane
"))Which is more easily hydrolysed y D'H and why?
+H/+H+l+H-+H/ or +H/+H-+H-+H-+l
"#$)%ccount for the following?
(i)+hloromethane reacts with %g+! to form methyl isocyanide as
chief product
(ii) Lse of 33A was anned in Lnited ;tates in #)B/
(iii)<en7yl halides show high reactivity towards ;!# reaction
"##)0odoform has antiseptic property.Jive reason to support this.
CON(ERSION;WORD PROLEM
*1.How will you ring aout following conversion
&ethyl romide to methyl iodide.
COMPLETE E*UATIONS
"#) +omplete +
*
H
4
+HG+H
-
. H<r
"-)Write the main product
(i) (+H
/
)
-
+H+l . !a (dry ether )
(ii)+H
/
<r . %g( . Heat
(i) +H
/
+H
-
<r . !a0 (dry acetone)
(ii) +
*
H
4
!
-
+l . +u8H+l
(iii)+omplete +H
/
+H
-
+HG+H
-
. H<r (pero=ide)
"/) +omplete the reaction? (i) +
*
H
4
!
-
+l . D0
(ii) +H
-
G+H
-
. <r
-
(++l
9
)
(i) +
*
H
##
'H . ;'+l
-

"9) Write the maUor product
(i)+H
/
+HG+(+H
/
)
-
. H<r
(ii) +
*
H
4
'!a . +
-
H
4
+l
"4)+omplete the reaction
+H/+HG+H- . H<r (pero=ide) 5 .!a0(acetone)6
*UESTION
"#) 0n each of the following pairs of organic compounds. 0dentify the
compound
which will undergo ;
!
# reaction faster? (a) (+H
/
)
/
+l & +H
/
+H
-
+H(+l)+H
/
(a) +
*
H
4
+l & +
*
H
4
+H
-
+l
"-) Ahe treatment of an al2yl chloride with aq. D'H leads to the formation of
an
%lcohol whereas in the presence ofalc.D'H E al2ene is the maUor product.
"/) % solution of D'H hydrolyses +H/+H+l+H-+H/ and +H/+H-+H-+H-+l
Which will e hydrolysed easily?
"9)(i) ;tate one use of each 33A and 0odoform
(ii) Which couple reacts faster in ;!- displacement and why?
(a)#1<romopentane or -1<romopentane
() #1<romo1-1methyl utane or -1<romo1-1methyl utane
"4) E=plain?
(i)J.>. should e prepared under anhydrous condition.
(ii)+*H4+H+l+H/ is hydrolysed more easily with D'H than
+*H4+H-+l.
"*)%rrange the following in the decrease order of reactivity towards ;!-
displacement reaction and give reason in support of your answer.
(i) +-H4<r E+-H40 E+-H4+l.
(ii)(+H/)/+<r E+H/+H-+H<r+H/ E +H/+H-+H-+H-<r
"B)>earrange the compounds of each of following set in order of reactivity
towards ;!- displacement
(i)-1<romo1-1methylutane E #1<romopentane E-1<romopentane
(ii) #1<romo1/1methyl utane E -1<romo1-1methyl utane E /1<romo1-1methyl
<utane
(iii)#1<romo utane E#1<romo1-E-1dimethyl propane E#1<romo1-1methyl
utane
NAME REACTIONS
DISTIN!UISHIN! TEST
2011 D
"4) write the 0L@%+ name of (+H/)/++H-<r
"-4) answer the following?
(i) Haloal2anes easily dissolve in organic solventE why?
(ii) What is 2nown as a racemic mi=ture? give an e=ample.
(iii) 'f the two romoderivativesE+*H4+H(+H/)<r and +*H4+H(+*H4)<r
which on is more reactive in ;!# sustitution reaction and why?
2011 F
"9) which will react faster in ;!- displacementE#1romopentane or
-1 <romopentane and why?
"-9) complete the following reaction equation?
(i) #1&ethylcyclohe=ene . H0
(ii) +*H4 +H G +H- . H<r
(iii) +H/+H-+H G+H- . H<r
2010 D COMPTT
"#-) suggest a possile mechanism for the following reaction?
n1<u<r . D+! (EA'H E H-' ) n1 <u+!
"#)) suggest a possile reason for the following oservations?
(i) Ahe orderof reactivity of haloal2anes is >0 [ >+l [ ><r.
(ii) !eopentyl chloride does not follow ;!- mechanism.
(iii) Ethers have low oiling points.
2010 AI COMPTT
"B) write the structure of the compound 91tert.<utyl1/1iodoheptane.
"-4) e=plain why
(i) Ahe dipole moment of chloroen7ene is lower than that of
cyclohe=yl chloride.
(ii) %l2yl halides though polar are immiscile with water.
(iii) 0n the pairE (+H/)/++l and +H/+lE+H/+l will react faster in ;!-
reaction with N'H.
"#)write 0L@%+ name of neopentyl chloride
"-) write the structure of #1+hloro191ethylcyclohe=ane.
"*)write the structure of #E913iromout1-1ene
2012 AI
"4) What happens when romine attac2s +H- G +H1+H-1+ 1 )2
Q23)Ans%er the ollo%in$ questions*
(i) 4hat is &eant b# chiralit# o a co&pound5$i6e an e0a&ple"
(ii) 4hich one o the ollo%in$ co&pounds is &ore easil# h#drol#sed b# 782 and %h#5
+H/+H+l+H-+H/ or +H/+H-+H-+l
(iii) Which one undergoes ;!- sustitution reaction faster and why?
+H/+H-+H-+H-+H-0 or +H/+H-+H-+H-+H-+l
"4) write 0L@%+ name of following.
+H- G +(+H/)1+H-<r
2012 D
"9) write 0L@%+ name of following.
+H- G +(+H/)1+H-<r
"-9) %lthough chlorine is an electron withdrawing groupE yet it is orthoEpara1
directing in electrophilic aromatic sustitution reactions.E=plain why it
is
so.
2012 F
"#9) What are amident nucleophiles? E=plain giving an e=ample.
"#4) E=plain as to why
(i) %l2yl halidesEthough polarEare immiscile with water.
(ii) Jrignard reagent should e prepared under anhydrous conditions.
2013 AI
"4) Write 0L@%+ name of the following?
+H/ + (+H/)- +H (+l) +H/
"-/) Jive reason for the following?
(i) Ethyl iodide undergoes ;!- reaction faster than ethyl romide.
(ii) (.]) -1 <utanol is optically inactive.
(iii) +15 ond length in haloen7ene is smaller than +15 ond length in
+H/15
"4) write the 0L@%+ name of the following compound?
+H/+H(<r)+H-+H(+l)+H/
"/) write the 0L@%+ name of the following compound?
<en7ene ring #and 9 position +l and / position +H/ gr.
*+estio& a&,
-O0=a&iI Io#$o+&ds N AlIoJols < PJe&ols < EtJe0s. H #a0,s
IUPAC
#) (+H
/
)
-
+H1+H
-
1+H('H)1+H(+H
/
)1+H
-
'H
-) +H
/
1'1+H
-
1+H(+H
/
)1+H
-
1+H
/
/) 91+hloropentan1-1one
9) +H
-
G+H1+H('H)1+H
-
1+H
-
1+H
/
4) (+H
/
)
-
+('H)1+H
-
1+'1+H
/
*) -1&ethyl1-1etho=y pentane
B) Write structure of #1 @henylpropan N -1 ol
C) Write the structure of phenyl isopentyl ether
)) 3raw the structure of -E*13imethyl phenol
MECHANISM
#) (ormation of diethyl ether from ethyl alcohol.
-) %lcohols reacts oth as electrophile & as nucleophiles in their reactions
/) %cid catalysed dehydration of an alcohol forming an al2ene
9) %cid catalysed hydration of an al2ene forming an alcohol
4) @reparation of etho=yethane from ethanol.3oes the reaction follow ;!#
or ;!- pathway.
REASONS
#) Etho=y ethane is solule in water?
-) @henol is more acidic than ethanol
/) Which is stronger acid phenol or cresol? Why?
9) @henols do not give protonation reaction readily?
4) m1 amino phenol is stronger acid than o1 aminophenol
*) %lcohols act as wea2 ase.
B) @ropanol has higher . p. than that of hydrocaron <utane.
C) @reparation of ether y acid dehydration of -$ &/$ alcohol is not a
suitale method
)) Ethanol has higher .p. than metho=y methane.
#$) %lcohols are comparatively more solule in water than
hydrocaron of comparale &.&
##) '1 & p1 nitrophenols are more acidic than phenol
#-) Ethers have low .p.
#/) Ahe .p. of ethanol is higher than that of metho=y methane
#9) '1nitrophenol is more acidic than o1metho=y phenol
#) Ethyl alcohol to acetaldehyde
-) <utan1-1one to <utan1-1ol
/) @henol to -E9E*1triromophenol
9) phenol to en7oquinone
4) @ropanone to -1 &ethyl propan1-1ol
*) @ropene to @ropan1 -1 ol
B) <en7yl chloride to <en7yl alcohol
C) &ethyl &g <romide to -1&ethyl propan1-1ol
9) Ethyl &g <romide to propan1#1ol
#$) Ethenol to ethene
COMPLETE E*UATIONS
#) Write the products otained when en7yl phenyl ether is heated with H0
*UESTION
#) !ame the reagents & write chemical equation for preparation of
(a)etho=y en7ene
()-1 &ethyl1-1metho=y propane
-) %ddition of J.>. to a caronyl group of a comp. forming an adduct
followed y hydrolysis?
/) %cid catalysed dehydration of an alcohol forming an al2ene
9) %cid catalysed hydration of an al2ene forming an alcohol
4) How do you account for the misciility of etho=y ethane with water?
*) Which is a stronger acid phenol or cresol?E=plain
B) Jive possile e=plaination for the following
(a)'1nitrophenol is more acidic than o1metho=y phenol
()%lcohols are easilyprotonated in comparison to phenol.
(c) Ahe relative ease of dehydration of alcohol is /$[-$[#$
NAME REACTIONS
#) >eimer Aiemann reaction
-) WilliamsonFs synthesis
/) DoleFs reaction
9) (riedel +rafts reaction
DISTIN!UISHIN! TEST
#) phenol & cyclohe=anol
-) @ropan1-1ol & en7yl alcohol
/) @henol & en7yl alcohol
9) <utan1-1ol & -1&ethyl propan1-1ol
4) Ethanol & phenol
*) #1 propanol & -1 propanol
B) @henol & en7oic acid
C) 0sopropyl alcohol and n1propyl alcohol
)) &ethyl ethanoate and ethyl methanoate
2011D
"#9) E=plain the following giving one e=ample for each?
(i) >eimer Aiemann reaction
(ii) (riedel +raft acetylation of anisole
"#4) How would you otain
(i) @icric acid (-E9E* N Arinitrophenol) from phenol
(ii) -1&ethylpropene from -1 &ethylpropanol
2011F
"4) write 0L@%+ name of (+H/)-+ G +(<r) +H-'H
"-*) How would you otain
(i) <en7oquinone from phenol
(ii) @ropan1-1ol from propene
(iii) -1&ethylpropan1-1ol from methyl magnesium romide
2010DCOMPTT
"#) write 0L@%+ name of (+H/)-+('H)+H- +' +H/
"-) write structure of -1&ethyl1-1tho=ypentane
"##) give one chemical test to distinguish etween the following pairs of
compounds?
(i) @henol and en7oic acid
(ii) #1@ropanol and -1@ropanol
2010 AI COMPTT
"#/)3escrie the mechanism of hydration of ethane to yield ethanol
"#9) write chemical equation each to illustrate the following reactions?
(i) >eimer tiemann reaction
(ii) WilliamsonFs synthesis
2012 AI
"#9) E=plain the following ehaviours?
(i) %lcohols are more solule in water than the hydrocarons of
comparale molecular masses.
(ii) 'rtho nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho metho=yphenol.
"#4) e=plain the mechanism of acid catalysed hydration of an al2ene to form
corresponding alcohol.
2012 D
"4) 3raw structural formula of -1methylpropan1-1ol.
"-4) 3raw the structure and name the product formed if the following
alcohols
are o=idi7ed. %ssume that an e=cess of o=idi7ing agent is used.
"4) 3raw the structure of he=1#1en1/1ol.
2012 F
"4) Write the 0L@%+ name of +H/ +HG+H1+H('H)+H-+H/.
"-4) ;tate the products of the following reactions?
(i) +H/+H-+H-'+H/ . H<r
(ii) +*H4'+-H4 . H<r
(iii) (+H/)/+'+-H4 . H0
"4) 'f the two alcohols?
(a)+H-G+H+H-'H
()+H-G+H+H-+H-'HE
Which one will react more easily with conc. H+l in the presence of :n+l-?
"4) Write the 0L@%+ name of +H/' +H-+H(+H/)-
2013 AI
"#*) E=plain the mechanism of the following reaction?
+H/1+H-1'H (H. and 99/ D) +H-G+H- . H-'
"#B) Write the equations involved in the following reactions?
(i) >eimer N Aiemann reaction
(ii ) WilliamsonFs ether synthesis.
*+estio& a&,
-O0=a&iI Io#$o+&ds Io&tai&i&= aldeJAdes< ,eto&es > Ia0'oKAliI
aIids. O#a0,s
IUPAC
-i. (+H
/
)
-
+G+H+'+H
/
(ii) 91&ethylpent1/1en1-1one
(iii)+H
/
+'+H
-
+'+H
/
(iv) +H
/
+'+H
-
+H(+l)+H
/
(v)+H
/
+1++HG+H+''H
(vi)'H)+
*
H
4
+'+
*
H
4
'H
(vii)+
*
H
4
+'!(+H
/
)
-
(viii)#1@henylpentan1#1one
(i=)/1'=opentanal
(=)(+H
/
)
-
+H+'+H(+H
/
)
-
(=i)+H
/
+H
-
+'+
*
H
4
(=ii)-1&ethylcyclopent1/1enecaro=ylic acid
(=iii)(+H/)-+G+H+'+H/
(=iv)91+hloropentan1-1one
(=v) -E*13imethyl phenol
MECHANISM
#)E=plain the mechanism of a nucleophilic attac2 on the caronyl gr. 'f an
aldehyde or a 2etone.
REASONS
(i)%ldehydes are more reactive than 2etones towards nucleophile
(i) Ahe .p. of aldehydes & 2etones are lower than corresponding acids.
(ii) Ahe aldehydes & 2etones undergo a no. of addition reactions
(iii) &onochloroethanoic acid has a higher pDa value than
dichloroethanoic acid
(iv) Ethanoic acid is wea2er acid than en7oic acid
(v) <en7oic acid does not undergo (8+ reaction.
(vi) pDa value of chloroacetic acid is lower than pDa value of acetic acid.
(vii) @1nitroen7oic acid has higher Da value than en7oic acid
(viii) %cetone is highly solule in water ut en7ophenone is not.
"#) %n organic compound (%)having &.(. +
C
H
C
' forms an orange red ppt (<)
with -E913!@ reagent. +ompound (%) gives a yellow ppt (+) when heated in
presence of 0
-
& !a'H alongwith a colourless compound (3).(%) does not
reduce AollenFs reagent or (eh. ;oln. nor does it decolourise <r
-
water. 'n
drastic o=idation of (%) with chromic acidEa caro=ylic acid (E) of &.(. +
B
H
*
'
-
is formed. 3educe the structures of org. compds. (%) to(E).
"-) %n organic compound % with &.(. +
4
H
C
'
-
is reduced to n1pentane on
treatment with :n1Hg8H+l. % forms a dio=ime with hydro=ylamine &gives a
positive iodoform test & AollenFs test 0dentify the compound % & deduce its
structure.
"/) %n un2nown aldehyde % on reacting with al2ali gives :1hydro=yaldehyde
which loses water to form an unsaturated aldehyde E -1 utenal.%nother
aldehyde < undergoes disproportionation reaction in presence of conc.al2ali
to form products + & 3. + is aryl alcohol with the formula +
B
H
C
'.
(i) 0dentify % & <
(ii) Wrute the sequence of reactions involved.
(iii) !ame the product when < reacts with :n8Hg & H+l.
"9) % compound 5 (+
-
H
9
') on o=idation gives 6 (+
-
H
9
'
-
). 5 undergoes
haloform reaction. 'n treatment with H+! E 5 forms a product : which on
hydrolysis gives -1 hydro=yl propanoic acid
(i)Write structures of 5 & 6
(ii)!ame the product when 5 reacts with dil. !a'H
(iii)Write the equation for the reactions involved.
"4) %n organic compound contains *).BB, + E##.*/, H E& rest is '. Ahe
molar mass of the compound is C*.0t does not reduce AollenFs reagent ut
forms an addition compound with !aH;'
/
& gives a positive iodoform test.
'n vigorous o=idation it gives ethanoic & propanoic acid.3educe the
possile structure of org. compd.
"*)%n org.compd.%(+
B
H
*
+l
-
) on treatment with !a'H soln. gives another
compd. < (+
B
H
*
'). < on o=idation gives an acid + (+
B
H
*
'
-
) which on
treatment with a mi=ture of conc. H!'
/
& conc.H
-
;'
9
gives a compd. 3
(+
B
H
4
!'
9
). < on treatment with conc. !a'H gives a compd E (+
B
H
C
') &
+
*
H
4
+''!a. 3educe structures of %E<E+E3EE.
"B) %n org.compd.% having &.(. +
C
H
#*
'
-
was hydrolysed with dil. H
-
;'
9
to
give a caro=ylic acid <& an alcohol +. '=idation of + with chromic acid
produces <.+ on dehydration gives <ut1#1ene.Write equations for the
reactions involved.
"C) %n org. comp.% (+
/
H
*
') is resistant to o=idation ut forms comp.
<(+
/
H
C
') on reduction reacts with H<r to form the comp. +. + with &g forms
J.>. 3 which reacts with a to form a product whichon hydrolysis gives E.
0dentify % to E
")) 0dentify % to E.
% S'T < . +a('H)
-
+ .3istl3 .Ii%lH
9
SHTE . H<r+H
/
+H(<r)+H
/
"#$) %n org.comp. % on treatment with acetic acid in presence ofH
-
;'
9
produces an ester <. % on mild o=idation gives +.+ with 4$, D'H followed
y acidiHcation with dil H+lgenerates % & 3 3 with @+l
4
followed y reaction
with!H
/
gives E. E on dehydration produces H+! 0dentify the comp.
%E<E+E3EE.
"##) 0dentify the comp. %E<E+E3EE.
% .+l
-
+H+l
/
.!a'H <. +
*
H
4
+'+l + +
*
H
*
8%l+l
/
3 . E
"#-)%n organic compound (%) which has characteristic odour.'n treatment
with !a'H it forms two compounds () and (+).+ompound(<) has &.(. +BHC'
which on o=idation gives ac2 (%).Ahe compound (+) is a sodium salt of an
acid.When (+)is treated with sodalime it yields an aromatic hydrocaron
(3).3educe the structure o %E<E+E3.Write the sequence of reactions involved.
"#/)%n organic compound 5 undergoes acid hydrolysis to form two
compounds 6 and :.6 reacts with !a-+'/ to form %E % is heated with
sodalime to form <(+H9). 6 on reduction with Ii%lH9 forms :.0dentify
5E6E:E%E< and write the reactions involved.
"#9) %n organic compound % has&.(. +4H#$'.0t does not reduce AollenFs
reagent ut forms an orange ppt.with -E913!@ reagent.0t forms a caro=ylic
acid < with &.(. +/H*'. When treated with al2. D&n'9. 6ellow ppt. on
treatment with !a'H and 0- under vigorous conditions.'n o=idation it gives
ethanoic acid and propanoic acid.;odium salt of < gave a H.+. + in DoleFs
electrolytic reduction.0dentiy %E<E+ and write the reactions involved.
"#4) @redict the products formed?
(i)% reacts with ph&g<r and is then hydrolysed
(ii)% reacts with hydra7ine and then heated with D'H and ethylene glycol.
Ide&ti5A
"#) (%) to (E)
(i) (WWW) .'
/
(%) .(<)
(ii) (%) . (<) .dil !a'H (+) . H
-
'
(iii) (+) . '
/
8:n8H
-
' (%) . (3)
(iv) (3) .H
-
8!i&Heat (E)
"-) %E<E+
(iii) % . H
-
. @d 8<a;'
9
(+H
/
)
-
+H+H'
(iv) (+H
/
)
/
+1+'1+H
/
. !a'0 < . +
"/) 0dentify %E< and + in the following
)222 ; (dil"22<8=>2$<8=)A (dil"?a82) @ on heatin$)
Co&Be0sio&s:
(i) Ethyl en7ene to en7ene
(ii) acetaldehyde to <utan1#E/1diol
(iii) acetone to propene
(iv)ethanol to acetone
(v) en7ene to acetophenone
(vi) en7oic acid to en7aldehyde
(vii) @ropanone to @ropene
(viii) <romoen7ene to #1@henylethanol
(i=) <en7oic acid from ethylen7ene
(=) <en7aldehyde from Aoluene
(=i) Ethanol to /1 Hydro=yutanal
(=ii) <e7aldehyde to <en7ophenone
(=iii) +yclohe=anol to cyclohe=an1#1one
(=iv) Ethyl en7ene to en7oic acid
(=v) <romoen7ene to en7oic acid
(=vi) Ethyl cyanide to ethanoic acid
(=vii) <utan1#1ol to utanoic acid
(=viii) &ethyl en7oic acid to en7oic acid
(=i=) Ethanal to ut1-1enal
(==) <en7ene to e7aldehyde
(==i) <en7ene to acetophenone
(==ii) Ethyl cyanide to #1phenyl propanone
(==iii) <utanoic acid from utanol
COMPLETE E*UATIONS
#)+*H4+'+l .H-(@d1<a;'9)
-) +*H*. 11111111111 (anhy.%l+l/)+*H4+'+H/
/) +*H* . 111111111111 +*H4+'+*H4
9)(ill the missing 5E6E:.
(i)+*H4+H' . +H/+H-+H' .(!a'H) 5
(ii)+h/+H-+H-+H-'H . (6) +H/+H-+H-+''H
(iii)+H/(+H-))+''+-H4 . (:) +H/(+H-))+H'
4)H''++*H9+''H . ;'+l-
*)+*H4+H' . (H-!+'!H!H- )
B) +*H#$G+H- +*H##+H'
*UESTION
#) %rrange in increasing order of their acid strength
(+H
/
)
-
+H+''H E+H
/
+H
-
+H(<r)+''H E +H
/
+H(<r)+H
-
+''H
<en7oic acid E 91!itroen7oic acidE/E913introen7oic acid E 91 &etho=y
en7oic acid
+H
/
+H
-
+H(<r)+''H E+H
/
+H(<r)+H
-
+''H E(+H
/
)
-
+H+''H E+H
/
+H
-
+H
-
+''H
(reactivity towards H+!)1acetaldehydeEacetoneE3i1terutyl2etoneEmethyl ter
utyl 2etone
-) What is AollenFs >eagent?Write one usefulness of the reagent
3.W0ite t4o i#$o0ta&t +ses o5 5o0#ali&
NAME REACTIONS
(i) +anni7aroFs reaction
(ii) +ross aldol condensation
(iii) 3ecaro=ylation
(iv) %cetylation
(v) Hell OolHard :elins2y reaction
(vi) +lemmensonFs >eduction
(vii) >osenmundFs reduction
(viii) Wolf Dishner reduction reaction
(i=) %ldol condensation
Disti&=+isJi&= Tests:
acetaldehyde & en7aldehyde
(i) propanone & propanol
(ii) @ropanal & propanone
(iii) @henol & en7oic acid
(iv) %cetophenone & en7ophenone
(v) Ethanal & propanal
(vi) <en7oic acid & Ethyl en7oate
(6ii) (ormic acid and acetic acid
(viii) <en7aldehyde and acetophenone
2011 D
"*) /1&ethylutanal (0L@%+)
"-)) (a) give chemical test to distinguish etween?
(i) @ropanal and propanone
(ii) <en7aldehyde and acetophenone
()How would you otain?
(i) <ut1-1enal from ethanol
(ii) <utanoic acid from utanol
(iii) <en7oic acid from ethyl en7ene
"-)) (a) descrie the following chemical equation
(ii) decaro=ylation
() +omplete
(i) Ethyl en7ene (D&n'98D'H ) and heat
(ii) phthalic acid (;'+l-) and heat
(iii) <en7amide (H/'.) and heat
2011 F
"*) Write the structure of following
/1o=opentanal
"/$) (a) give chemical test to distinguish etween?
(i) @ropanal and propanone
() How would you otain?
(i) <ut1-1enal from ethanol
(ii) <utanoic acid from utanol
(iii) <en7oic acid from ethyl en7ene
"/$) (a) descrie the following chemical equation
(ii) decaro=ylation
() +omplete
(i) Ethyl en7ene (D&n'98D'H ) and heat
(ii) phthalic acid (;'+l-) and heat
(iii) <en7amide (H/'.) and heat
2010 DCOMPTT
"#) write 0L@%+ name of (+H/)-+('H)+H-+'+H/
"/$)%n organic compound (%) on treatment with acetic acid in the presence
of
sulphuric acid produces an ester (<). (%) on mild o=idation gives (+) (+)
with
4$,D'H followed y acidiHcation with dilute H+l generates (%) and
(3).(3)with @+l4 followed y reaction wit ammonia gives (E).(E) on
dehydration produces hydrocyanic acid.0dentify the
compounds%E<E+E3EE.
"/$)0dentify %E<E+E3EE in the following sequence of reactions?
% (+l-) +H+l/ (!a'H) < (+*H4+'+l+ (+*H* 8%l+l/3 . E
"C) write the 0L@%+ name of the following (+H/)-+H +' +H(+H/)-
"4) write the 0L@%+ name of the following +H/+H-+'+*H4
2010AI COMPTT
"C) write the 0L@%+ name of the following +H-+H-+H-+H+H'(cyclic
structure)
"/$)%n organic compound % on treatment with ethyl alcohol gives a
caro=ylic
acid < and compound. Hydrolysis of + under acidiHed condition gives <
and
3.'=idation of 3 with D&n'9 also gives<. < on heating with +a('H)-
gives
E having molecular formula +/H*'. E does not give AollenFs test and
does
not reduce (ehlingFs solution ut forms a -E91dinitrophenyl hydra7one.
0dentify %E<E+E3 and E.
"/$) 0dentify %E<E+E3 and E.
+*H4+H/ . +r'/ . (+H/+')-' (-B/1-C/D) % (heatEH-') <
(conc.!a'H)
+. +*H4+''!a
+*H4+H/(D&n'9ED'H EHE%A) 3 ( H/'
.
) E
"B)+*H9+l +'+H/ (0L@%+ name)
2012 AI
"*) +H/1+H-1+H G +H1 +H' (0L@%+ name)
"*) @h1+H G +H N+H' (0L@%+ name)
"/$)(a) write a suitale chemical equation to complete each of the following
Aransformations?
(i) <utan1#1ol to utanoic acid
(ii) 91&ethylacetophenone to en7ene1#E91dicaro=ylic acid
() %n organic compound with molecular formula +)H#$' forms -E913!@
derivativeEreduces AollenFs reagent and undergoes +anni7aroFs
reaction.'n vigorous o=idation it gives #E-1en7enedicaro=ylic
acid.0dentify the compound.
"/$) (a) give chemical tests to distinguish etween
(i) @ropanol and propanone
() arrange the following compounds in an increasing order of their
property as indicated?
(i) %cetaldehydeEacetoneEmethyl tert1utyl 2etone (reactivity
towards H+!)
(ii) <en7oic acidE/E91dinitro en7oic acid E91metho=y en7oic acid
(acid strength)
(iii) +H/+H-+H(<r)+''HE+H/+H(<r)+H-+''HE(+H/)-+H+''H (acid
strength)
2012 D
"*) %rrange the following compounds in an increasing order of their
reactivity in
nucleophilic addition reactions? ethanolEpropanalEpropanoneEutanone.
"/$) (a) 0llustrate the following name reactions giving suitale e=ample in
each
case?
(i) +lemmensen reduction
(ii) Hell1Oolhard :elins2y reaction
() How are the following conversions carried out?
(i) ethyl cyanide to ethanoic acid
(ii)<utan1#1ol to utanoicacid
(iii) <en7oic acid to m1romoen7oic acid
"/$) (a) 0llustrate the following reactions giving suitale e=ample for each.
(i) +ross1%ldol condensation
(ii) 3ecaro=ylation
()Jive simple test to distinguish etween the following pairs of
compounds.
(i) @entan1-1one and @entan1/1one
(iii) @henol and en7oic acid .
2012 F
"*) 3raw the molecular structureof the compoundE91methylpent1/en1-1one.
"/$) (a) 3escrie the mechanism of the addition of Jrignard reagent to the
caronyl group of a compound to form an adduct which on hydrolysis
yields an alcohol.
() 3raw thestructures of the following compounds?
(i) /1&ethylutanal
(ii)He=ane1#E*1dioic acid
(iii) p1!itropropiophenone
"/$) (a) 0llustrate the following rections giving a suitale chemical equation
for each?
(i) +anni7aro reaction
(ii) Hell1Oolhard1:elins2y reaction
() How would you ring aout the following conversions?Write the
complete equation in each case?
(i) Ethanal to /1Hydro=yutanal
(ii)<en7oic acid to m1nitroen7yl alcohol
(iii)<en7aldehyde to <en7ophenone
2013 AI
"4) >earrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their
.p.
+H/+H' E+H/+H-'H E +H/+H-+H/
"/$) (a) How will you convert the following?
(i) @ropanone to @rpan1-1ol
(ii) Ethanal to -1hydro=y propanoic acid
(iii) Aoluene to en7oic acid
( ) give simple chemical test to distinguish etween?
(i) @entan1-1one and @entan1/1one
(ii) Ethanal and @ropanal
"/$) ( a) Write products of the following reactions?
(i) +H/ +' +H/ (:n1Hg E conc. H+l)
(ii) +H/ +' +l . H- (@d N<a;'9)
(iii) +*H4+''H (<r-8(e<r/)
( ) Which of each pair shown here would you e=pect to e stronger?
(i) (1+H-1+''H or +l1+H-1+''H
(ii) +*H4'H or +H/+''H
"9) ethanal is solule in water.why?
*+estio& a&,
-O0=a&iI Io#$o+&ds Io&tai&i&= &it0o=e&.
H #a0,s
IUPAC
1. Write 0L@%+ name of +H
/
1!(+
-
H
4
)1+'1+H
/
-) Write 0L@%+ name of H-!+H-+H-+HG+H-
MECHANISM
#);how the mechanism of acylation of ethanamine and write the 0L@%+ name
of the product formed.
REASONS
1. 3irect nitration of aniline is not carried out. E=plain why?
2. @redict giving reason the order of asicity (i) gaseous phase (ii) in
aqueous solution (+H
/
)
/
! E (+H
/
)
-
!H E +H
/
!H
-
E!H
/
3. pD for aniline is more than methylamine
H. &ethyamine solution reacts with (e+l
/
solution to give ppt of (e('H)
/
/. @rimary amines have higher .p. than tertiary amine.
O. %g+l dissolves in aq. &ethylamine solution
L. @resence of a ase is needed in the ammonolysis of al2yl halide.
:. %romatic primary amines can not e prepared y Jariel @hthalimide
synthesis.
P. %l2yl amines are stronger ases than ammonia.
10. %liphatic amines are stronger ases than aromatic amines.
11. <.@. of methyl amine is lower than that of methanol
12. %niline does not undergo (riedel +raft al2ylation reaction
13. %lthough 1!H
-
gr. 0s No & 1p directing Enitration of aniline give Nm
derivative alongwith No & 1p derivatives.
1H. Ethyl amine is solule in water whereas aniline is insolule.
1/. %mines act as nucleophiles.
1O. Jariel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesi7ing
primary amines.
#) How can you convert an amide into an amine having one + less than the
starting compound?
(a)!ame the reaction
()Jive 0L@%+ name & structure of amine otained y the aove method if
tha amide is /1chlorutanamide.
-) (i) <en7ene dia7onium chloride to nitro en7ene
(ii)aniline to <en7ene dia7onium chloride
(iii)Ethylamide to methyl amine
(iv)%niline to nitro en7ene
(v)Ethanamine to !1ethyl ethanamide
(vi)+hloroethane to propan1#1amin
(vii) aniline to iodoen7ene
/) 0dentify % and < (i) +H/+H-+l (!a+!) A % (reduction !i8H-) A <
(ii) +*H4!H- (!a!'-8H+l) A % (+*H4!H- E 'H1) A <
9)%niline to sulphanilic acid
4)%n organic compound (%) on treatment with !H/ followed y heating forms
compound (<) which on heating with <r- and D'H forms a compound (+)
having &.(. (+*HB!).Jive the structures of %E< and +.and write the
reactions involved.
COMPLETE E*UATIONS
#) +omplete & name the reaction.
(i) >!H
-
. +H+l
/
. /D'H A
(ii) >+'!H
-
.<r
-
.9!a'H A
-) (i) Ii%IH
9
8H
-
'
>+'!H
-
A
(iii) +
*
H
4
!
-
+l . H
/
@'
-
. H
-
' A
(iv) +
*
H
4
!H
-
. H!'
-
A
(v) +
*
H
4
!
-
+l . +H
/
+'+l A
(vi) +
-
H
4
!H
-
. +
*
H
4
;'
-
+l A
(vii)+
-
H
4
!H
-
. H!'
-
A
(viii) +*H4!H
-
. +H+l
/
. /D'H A
/)0dentify % and <
(i) +H/+H-+l . !a+! % ( red!i8H-) <
(ii)+*H4!H- . !a!'-.H+l % ( +*H4!H-) 'H1 <
*UESTION
#) Write the equation in which iodide ion replaces the dia7onium gr. in
dia7onium salt
-) (i) %rrange the following in an increasing order of asic strength in
water
+
*
H
4
!H
-
E (+
-
H
4
)
-
!H E(+
-
H
4
)
/
! & !H
/
(ii) %rrange the following in an increasing order of asic strength in
gas
@hase +
-
H
4
!H
-
E (+
-
H
4
)
-
!H E(+
-
H
4
)
/
! & +H
/
!H
-
/) E=plain
(i) @resence of ase is needed in the ammonolysis of al2yl halide
(ii) %romatic primaryamines can not e prepared y
Jariel@hthalimide synthesis.
9)0n the following rearrange
(i) 0n an increasing order of asic strength
+*H4!H-E +*H4!(+H/)- E(+-H4)-!H and +H/!H-
(ii)0n a decreasing order of asic strength
%niline Ep1nitroaniline and p1toluidine
(iii)0n an increasing order of pD values
+-H4!H- E+*H4!H+H/E(+-H4)-!H and +*H4!H-
4) >earrange in an increasing order of their asic strength.
+*H4!H-E+*H4!(+H/)-E(+*H4)-!H and +H/!H-
* ) %rrange the following compounds in an increasing order of their
soluility in water
+*H4!H-E(+-H4)-!H and +-H4!H-
NAME REACTIONS
(i) Hofmann <romamide reaction
(ii) Jariel @hthalimide synthesis.
(iii) +arylmine reaction
(iv) 3ia7oti7ation
(v) %cetylation
(vi) +oupling reaction of dia7onium salt
(vii) Jattermann reaction
(viii) %mmonolysis of al2yl halide
(i=) Write the name associated with the following reactions?
(c) >+'!H-.<r-.9!a'H>!H-.!a-+'/.-!a<r.-H-'
(d)%r!-51 (+u+!8D+!)%r+! . !-
(e)>!H-.+H+l/./D'H (heat)>!+./D+l./H-'
(f) %r!-51 (+u8H+l) %r+l.!-.+u+l
DISTIN!UISHIN! TEST
(i) aniline & ethyl amine
(ii) 3imethyl amine & Arimethylamine
(iii) &ethylamine & dimethylamine.
(iv) aniline & !1methylaniline
(v) aniline & en7ylamine
(vi) aniline and !1ethyl aniline
(vii) !1methyl propan1-1amine and !1ethyl1!1methyl ethanamine
2011 D
"B) %rrange the following compounds in an increasing order of their soluility
in
water +*H4!H-E(+-H4)-!HE+-H4!H-.
"-*) (a) E=plain why an al2yl amine is more asic than ammonia?
(c) How would you convert
(i) %niline to nitro en7ene
(ii) %niline to iodoen7ene.
2011 F
"B) Why is an al2yl amine more asic than ammonia
"-4) 0llustrate the following reactions giving a chemical equation in each
case.
(i) Jariel phthalimide synthesis
(ii) % coupling reaction
(iii) Hofman romamide reaction
2010 D COMPTT
")) >easons? (i) ethyl amine is solule in water whereas aniline is insolule.
(ii ) Ahe pD of aniline is higher than that of methyl amine.
(iii ) methyl amine reacts with (e+l/ solution to precipitate
hydrated
(e-'/.
(iv ) %liphatic amines are stronger ases than aromatic amines.
"#$) Write the chemical reaction
(i)+aryl amine reaction
(ii) Hofman romamide reaction
"#B) Write the reaction.
(i) +oupling reaction
(ii) %mmonolysis
"#-) Write the reaction.
(i) %cetylation
(ii) Jariel phthalimide synthesis
2010 AI COMPTT
"#4) >easons? (i) Ahe pD of aniline is higher than that of methyl amine.
(ii)%niline does not undergo (riedel +raft reaction
(000) Jariel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for
synthesi7ing
primary amines.
"#*) 3istinguishing test?
(B) Ethyl amine and aniline
(00) &ethyl amine and dimethyl amine.
"-*) (i) +H/+H-+l ( !a+!) % (red.!i8H-) <
(ii ) en7ene dia7onium chloride .H/@'- . H-'
(iii ) >+'!H- (I%H8H-')
2012 AI
"#*) descrie the following giving the relevant chemical equation in each
case.
(i) +arylamines reaction
(ii) HofmannFs romamide reaction
"#B) complete the following reaction equation?
(i) +*H4!-+l . H/@'- . H-'
(ii) +*H4 !H- . <r- (aq)
2012 D
"B )%rrange the following in the decreasing order of their asic strength in
aqueous solutions?
+H/!H-E(+H/)-!HE(+H/)/! and !H/.
"-*) Write chemical equations for the following conversions?
(i) !itroe7ene to en7oic acid
(ii) <en7yl chloride to -1 phenylethanamine
(iii) %niline to en7yl alcohol
2012 F
"#*) 3escrie the following giving the chemical equation in each case?
(i) +arylamines reaction
(ii) HofmannFs romamide reaction
"#B)+omplete the following reactions equations?
(i) +*H4!-+l . H/@'- . H-'
(ii) +*H4!H- . <r-(aq)
2013 AI
"*) Write the structure of n1methyl ethanamine.
"-9) +omplete the following reactions?
(i) +H/+H-!H- . +H+l/ . alc.D'H
(ii) +*H4!-
.
+l
1
(H-' >oom Aemp.)

(iii) +*H4!H- . H+l (aq)
"#)write the structure of -1aminotoluene.
"--) +omplete the following reactions?
(i) +*H4!-
.
+l
1
(H/@'- . H-')

(ii) +*H4!H- . <r-(aq)
(iii) +H/+'!H- ( !a'H . <r-)
"C) write the structure of prop1-1en1#1amine.
"-B) write the main products of following reactions?
(i) +H/+H-!H- (H!'- E $
$+
)
(ii) +*H4;'-+l . +-H4!H-
(iii) +*H4!H- . +H/+'+l (ase)
"LE;A0'! <%!D
(<0'&'IE+LIE;)
9 &%>D;
"C) What type of lin2age holds together the monomers of 3!%?
"-B) %n optically active compound having &.(.+
*
H
#-
'
*
is found in two
isomeric forms
(%) & (<) are dissolved in water they show the following equilirium
(%) Equilirium &i=ture (<)
###
$
4-.-
$
#).-
$
(i) What are such isomers called?
(ii) +an they e called enantiomers ? Yustify your answer.
(iii) 3raw the cyclic structure of isomer (%)
"-B)%n optically active amino acid (%) can e=ist in / forms depending on the
pH of the medium.if the &.(. of (%) is +
/
H
B
!'
-
write
(i) ;tructure of compound (%) in aqueous medium. What are such
ions called?
(ii)0n which medium will the cationic form of compound (%) e=ist?
(ii) 0n al2aline mediumE towards which electrode will the
compound (a) migrate in electric Held?
SAMPLE PAPERD 2 -OLD.
"#-) !ame the two components of starch. How do they difer from each
other structurally?
"#/)(a) What changes occur in nature of egg protein on oiling?
(a) !ame the type of onding which staili7es ^1 heli= structure in
proteins.
SAMPLE PAPERD 3 -OLD.
"C) E=cept for vit.<#-E all other vitamins of group < should e supplied
regularly in diet.
Why?
"-4) 3espite having a 1+H' gr.
(a)Jlucose does not give -E9 N3!@ test. What does this indicate?
()3raw the Haworth structure of 131(.) glucopyranose
(c) What is the signiHcance of 3 & (.) here.
200: D
"#9) 3eHne in relation to protein(i) peptide lin2age(ii) denaturation
"#4)Iist the reactions of glucose which can not e e=plained y its open
structure.
200: AI
"B) Write two main functions of carohydrate in plants.
"-*) What happens when 31glucose is treated with the following
reagents(i)H0(ii)<r
-
water (iii)H!'/
"#*) How are vitamins classiHed? &ention the chief sources of vit.% & vit. +.
"#B) 3escrie with e=ample (i) Jlycosidic lin2age(ii)peptide lin2age
"#B)3escrie with reference to protein (i)@rimary structure of @rotein
(ii)3enaturation
&(() +
"#B)Iist any four vitamins. &ention the chief sources & functions of two of
them
"B) Write two main functions of carohydrate in plants.
"-*)What are nucleic acids? &ention two of their important functions
200: D COMPTT
"B) Why are carohydrates generally optically active?
"-*) What are amino acids? 'n electrolysis in an acidic solutionE the relevant
anions migrate towards the cathode while in al2aline solution they
migrate
towards the anode. Jive reason.
"#*) What are essential & non essential amino acids? Jive one e=ample of
each
type.
"#B)&ention the type of lin2ages responsile for formation of (i)@rimary
structure of protein(ii)cross lin2ing of polypeptide chains(iii)1 heli=
formation(iv): N sheet structure
&(() A* 0#MPTT
"##) When >!% is hydrolysedE there is no relationship among the quantity of
diferent ases formed. What does this fact suggest aout the
structure of
>!%?
"#*) E=plain the amphoteric ehaviour of amino acid.
"-*) (a) Which forces are involved in holding the sustrate molecule to the
active site of en7ymes?() !ame the receptor macromolecules that
are
chosen as drug targets.
&((% A*
"#*) !ame the four ases present in 3!%. Which one of these is not present
in
>!%?
"#B) !ame two fat solule vitamins Etheir sources & the diseases caused due
to
Aheir deHciency in diet
&((% $
"#*) 3escrie with e=ample (i) Jlycosidic lin2age(ii)peptide lin2age
"#B ) !ame two water solule vitamins Etheir sources & the diseases caused
due
to their deHciency in diet
&((% +
"#B) What are (i) 0nvert sugar (ii) @oly peptide
"#C) ;tate what are the following & how they difer from each other.
(i) !ucleotide (ii)nucleoside
&((% $ 0#MPTT
"C) What is the structural feature characterising reducing sugar?
"-$) (a) What is the structural diference etween a nucleoside & a
nucleotide?
() Ahe two strands in 3!% are not identical ut are complementary
.E=plain.
"-*)(a)Write the important structural diference etween 3!% & >!%?
( )&ention the names of ases produced on hydrolysis of 3!%.
"--) !ame the chemical component which constitute nucleotide. Write any
four
functions of nucleotides in a cell
2010 AI
"B) What is meant y reducing sugars?
"-*) %mino acids may e acidic Eal2aline E or neutral.How does this happens?
What are essential and non essential amino acids? !ame one of each type.
"*) What are mono saccharides?
"-*) 3iferentiate etween Hrous protein and gloular protein.What is
meant y denaturation of protein?
"C) What are the products of hydrolysis of sucrose?
2010 D
"#B)E=plain the following?
(i) 0nvert sugar (ii) poly peptides
"#B) !ame the products of hydrolysis of sucrose.Why is sucrose not a
reducing sugar?
"#C) What are essential and non essential amino acids in human food? Jive
one
"#C) ;tate clearly what are 2nown as nucleosides and nucleotides?
2010 F
"C) What happens when glucose is treated with <r- water?
"-4) E=plain the following?
(i) 0nvert sugar (ii) poly peptides (iii) 3enaturation of protein
"-4) &ention three such facts8 reactions aout glucose which can not e
e=plained y its open chain structure .What is meant y pyranose structure
of glucose?
NEW SAMPLE PAPER I
"-4) (a) Jive one reaction of 31glucose which can not e e=plained y its
open chain
structure.
() Jive one e=ample of each for essential and non essential amino acids.
( c) 3iferentiate etween 2eratin and insulin.
NEW SAMPLE PAPER II
"4) What type of lin2age holds together the monomers of 3!%?
"-#) (a) Write the 7witter ion structure of glycine.
() What is meant y inversion of sugar
( c ) !ame the vitamin in each case whose deHciency causes (i)
!ightlindness
(ii) @oor coagulation of lood
"C) What are the ultimate products of digestion of protein ?
"-#) (a) Jive reasons? (i) glucose does not give -E913!@ test and ;cifFs test
(ii) %mino acids have high m.p. and are solule in water.
()What is meant y the secondary structure of protein.
2011 AI
"#B) E=plain what is meant y the following?
(i) @eptide lin2age
(ii) @yranose structure of glucose
"#C) Write the main structural diference etween 3!% and >!%.'f the four
ases Ename those which are common to oth 3!% and >!%.
"#C) Write such facts8 reactions aout glucose which can not e e=plained y
its open
chain structure .
2011D
"#*) What is essentially the diference etween alpha form and eta form of
Jlucose?
"#B) 3escrie what do you understand y primary and secondary structure
of
protein.
2011 F
"#*) E=plain what is meant y
(i) @eptide lin2age
(ii) @yranose structure of glucose.
"#B)!ame the products of hydrolysis of (i) sucrose (ii) lactose
"#B) &ention three such properties of glucose which can not e e=plained
y its
open chain structure.
2010 D COMPTT
"C)What is the structural feature characteri7ing reducing sugar?
"-$) (a) What is the structural diference etween a nucleoside and
nucleotide?
( ) Ahe two strands in 3!% arenot identical ut are complementary.
E=plain.
"#) What are the e=pected products of hydrolysis of lactose?
"-*) (a) Write the important structural diference etween 3!% and >!%.
( ) &ention the names of ases produced on hydrolysis of 3!%.
"*) Jive an e=ample of the following
(a)>educing sugar
()!on reducing sugar
"--) !ame the chemical components which constitute nucleotides. Write any
four functions of nucleotides in a cell.
2010 AI COMPTT
"#B) What are vitamins? 3eHciency of which vitamin causes
(i) pernicious anaemia (ii) convulsions
"#C) Enumerate the reactions of 31glucose which can not e e=plained y its
open chain structure.
"))What happens when 31glucose is treated with the following?
(i) H0 (ii) <romine water.
"#4) What are the products of hydrolysis of the following
(i) Iactose
(ii) % nucleotide from 3!% containing thymine.
2012AI
"B) write the structure of the product otained when glucose is o=idi7ed with
nitric acid.
"-*) what is essentially the diference etween _ 1 glucose and `1glucose?
what
is meant y pyranose structure of glucose?
"B) write a reaction which shows that all the caron atoms in glucose are
lin2ed
in a straight chain.
"-*)deHne the following as related to proteins?
(i) @eptide lin2age
(ii) @rimary structure
(iii) 3enaturation.
2012 D
"#*) What is meant y
(i) @eptide lin2age
(ii) <iocatalyst
"#B) Write any two reactions of glucose which can not e e=plained y the
open
chain structure of glucose molecule.
"#C) Write the main structural diference etween 3!% and >!%. 'f the two
asesE thymine and uracilEwhich one is preset in 3!%?
2012 F
"B) Write the full forms of 3!% and >!%.
"-*) What is glycogen? How is it diferent from starch? How is starch
structurally diferent from cellulose?
"C) 'f the two ases named elowEwhich one is present in >!% and which
one
is present in 3!%
(i) Ahymine
(ii) Lracil
"-*) E=plain the meaning of the following terms?
(i) 0nvert sugar
(ii) @olypeptides
(iii) En7ymes
"-*) Write three such ehavior of glucose which can not e e=plained y the
open chain structure of glucose molecule. What alternative structure
has
een proposed for the glucose molecule?
2013 AI
"B) what are the products of hydrolysis of sucrose?
-B) ;hantiE a domestic helper of &rs. %nuradhaE fainted while mopping the
Qoor.mrs. %nuradha immediately too2 her to a neary hospital where she was
diagnosed to e severely anaemic.Ahe doctor prescried an iron rich diet and
multivitamins supplement to her. &rs.%nuradha supported her Hnancially to
get the medicines. %fter a monthE ;hanti was diagnosed to e normal.
%fter reading the aove passageEanswer the following questions?
(i) What values are displayed y &rs.%nuradha?
(ii) !ame the vitamin whose deHciency causes pernicious anaemia.
(iii) Jive an e=ample of water solule vitamin.
"B) write the name of lin2age Uoining two amino acids.
"4) what are the products of hydrolysis of lactose?
*+estio& a&,
-PolA#e0s.
3 #a0,s
Sa#$lePa$e0 N I -Old.
"4) !ame the monomers of !ylon1-1!ylon1* polymer
"#B) 3iferentiate the following pair of polymers ased on the property
mentioned against each.
a) !ovolac & <a2elite (structure)
) <una1; & Aerylene (intermolecular force of attraction)
Sa#$lePa$e0 N II -Old.
"-$) Write the names of monomers & classify them as addition or
condensation
polymers.
(a)AeQon () <a2elite (c) !atural ruer
Sa#$lePa$e0 N III -Old.
"-*) (a)What is the role of <en7oyl pero=ide in the polymeri7ation of ethane?
()What are I3@E & H3@E? How are they prepared?
200: N D
"-B)Write the names & structures of the monomers of given polymers.
(a)<una1; () !eoprene (c) !ylon1*
200: N AI
"C) 3eHne polymeri7ation.
"#C) What are thermosetting & thermoplastic polymers? Jive one e=ample
of
each
"#C) 3istinguish etween homopolymer & copolymer & give an e=ample of
each
class.
200: N F
"C) What is the repeating structural unit in polythene polymer?
200: N Io#$tt D
"-B) ()0s N(+H
-
+H+
*
H
4
)
n
11 a homopymer or copolymer? Why?
"C) What is the diference two notations !ylon1* & !ylon1*E* ?
"#C) What is step growth polymeri7ation? E=plain the steps involved in the
process.
"#C)What is the diference etween elastomers & Hres ? Jive one e=ample
of
each.
200P N AI
"C) What does *E* indicate in the name !ylon 1*E* ?
"#C) 3iferentiate etween molecular structure & ehaviour of thermoplastic
&
thermosetting polymers.Jive one e=ample of each type.
"C) What is the primary structural feature necessary for a molecule to ma2e
it
useful in condensation polymeri7ation reaction?
"#B) 3iferentite etween condensation and addition polymeri7ation.Jive
one
e=ample of each of the resulting polymers.
200P N D
"B) Jive an e=ample of elastomers.
"#C) 3raw monomers of AeQon & polythene.
"#C) What is the repeating unit in the condensation polymer otained y
coming H''+1+H
-
1+H
-
1+''H (succinic acid) & H
-
!1+H
-
1+H
-
1!H
-

(ethylene diamine)
200P N F
"-B) 3iferentite etween mode of formation of condensation &addition
polymeri7ation.Jive one e=ample of each of these formation.
"-B) 3raw molecular structure of monomers of (i) @O+ (ii) AeQon(iii)
!eoprene
200P N D-COMPTT.
"-#) What are iodegradale polymers? Jive an e=ample of such polymer &
mention its uses
2010 D AI
"C) What does the designation *E* mean in the name of nylon N *E*?
"#C) 3raw molecular structure of monomers of (i) @O+ (ii) AeQon
2010 D AI
"C) What is meant y coplymerisation?
"#C) 3raw molecular structure of monomers of (i) <a2elite (ii) !ylon 1*
2010 N D
"-*) Jive one e=ample of each (i) %ddition polymers (ii) +ondensation
polymers
(iii) +opolymers
"-4) Write the name and structure of monomers of each polymer
(i) !eoprene (ii) <una1; (iii) AeQon
"-*) 3iferentiate etween thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers .Jive
e=ample of each
2010 N F
"-*) 0dentify the four groups into which the polymers are classiHed on the
asis
of the magnitude of intermolecular forces present in them.Ao which
group
or groups do polythene and <a2elite elong?
"-B) Write the name and structure of monomers of each polymer
(i) @olyvinyl chloride (ii)<a2elite (iii) AeQon
Sa#$le Pa$e0 D ID-Ne4.
"-4) (a)0dentify aliphatic iodegradale polyester which is used in pac2aging
and orthopedic devices.
(i) Write its full form
(ii)Jive the structures of monomers from which it is formed.
(iii) ;how the formation of polymer
()Write the name and structure of monomer of nylon1*
Sa#$le Pa$e0 D IID-Ne4.
"-$)(a)Write a reaction involved in the preparation of a iodegradale
polyester.
() &onomer unit of synthetic ruer (neoprene)
( c )'ne use of !ylon1*E*
Sa#$le Pa$e0 D 000D-Ne4.
"--) (a)Jive an e=ample of synthetic ruer and mention its one e=ample.
( ) Write the structures of monomers of 3acron
( c ) %rrange the following in increasing order of their tensile strength.
!ylon * E<una1; E@olythene
A ID2011
"-*)3raw the structures of monomers of (i) @olythene(ii) @O+(iii)AeQon
"-*) Write the name and structures of the following polymers?
(i) <una1; (ii)3acron (iii) !eoprene
2011 D
"C) What are iodegradale polymers?
"#C) &ention two important uses of each
(i) <a2elite
(ii) !ylon N *
"C) 0n nylon *E* what does the designation *E* mean?
"#C) !ame the sugroups into which polymers are classiHedon the asis of
magnitude of intermolecular forces.
2011 F
"-B) &ention two important uses of each
(i) <a2elite
(ii) !ylon1*E*
(iii) @O+
"-B) (a)What does the designation *E* mean in !ylon *E* polymer?
( ) Which polymer is otained when free radical polymeri7ation of
chloroprene occurs? Write the structure of polymer thus otained.
"-B) What are addition polymers? How are the two types of addition
polymers
diferent from each other? Jive one e=ample of each type.
2010 D COMPTT
"-#) What are iodegradale polymers? Jive an e=ample of such a polymer
and
mention its uses.
2010 AI COMPTT
"-*) Write the (i) structure and (ii) one use of each of the following polymers
(a)@O+
()Lrea1formaldehyde resin
(c) <a2elite
2012AI
"-B) diferentiate etween thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Jive
one
"-B) E=plain the following terms giving e=ample for each?
(i) Elastomers
(ii) +ondensation polymers
(iii) addition polymers
2012 D
"C) 3eHne the termE MhomopolymerisationF giving an e=ample.
"#C) 3raw the structure of monomers for each of the following polymers?
(i) !ylon1*
(ii) @olypropene.
2012 F
"#C) 3raw the structure of monomers for each of the following polymers?
(i) !ylon1*
(ii) AeQon
(iii) !eoprene
2013 AI
"C) 0s (1+H-1+H)1n a homopolymer or a copolymer?
0
+l
"#C) 3eHne thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Jive one e=ample of
each.
"#C) What is a iodegradale polymer? Jive an e=ample of a iodegradale
aliphatic polyester.
"C) Jive one e=ample of a condensation polymer.
"*) 0s (1+H-1+H)1n a homopolymer or a copolymer?
0
+*H4
*+estio& a&,
-CJe#ist0A i& EBe0AdaA li5e.
3 #a0,s
Sa#$lePa$e0 N I -Old.
"*) Jive one e=ample of artiHcial sweetener used y diaetic patients.
"#C) 0n order to wash clothes with water containing dissolved calcium
icaronateE which cleaning agent will you prefer & whyE soap or
synthetic
detergent? Jive one advantage of soap over synthetic detergent.
Sa#$lePa$e0 N II -Old.
"-B) >easons?
a)%spirin drug helps in prevention of heart attac2.
) 3iaetic patients are advised to ta2e artiHcial sweetener instead of
natural
sweeteners.
c) 3etergents are non iodegradale while soaps are iodegradale
Sa#$lePa$e0 N III -Old.
"-B) +lassify synthetic detergents giving an e=ample in each case.
"-B) What are antihistamine? Jive two e=amples. E=plain how they act on
the
human ody.
200: D D
"C) !ame a sustance that can e used as an antiseptic as well as
disinfectant
"#C) What are iodegradale & non iodegradale detergents? Jive one
e=ample of each class.
200: N AI
"-B) &ention one use of each?
a) >anitidine ) @aracetamol c) Aincture of iodine
200: N F
"-B) a) What is the prolem with hard water for washing with soap?
a) E=plain (i) <road spectrum antiiotics (ii) non ionic detergents
200: ND NCOMPTT
"C) What is meant y <road ;pectrum %ntiiotics?
"#C) 3iscuss the two ways in which drug prevent attachment of natural
sustrate on active site of en7yme.
"#C) E=plain with e=ample?
a) cationic detergent ) Aranquli7ers
200: NAI NCOMPTT
"-B) (a) What are antihistamine? Jive two e=amples. E=plain how they act
on the
human ody.Jive an e=ample.
()!ame a sustance that can e used as an antiseptic as well as
disinfectant
200: NAI NCOMPTT
"#)) What are antiiotics? 3istinguish etween narrow spectrum & road
spectrum antiiotics.+lassify the following into <actericidal&
<acteriostatic
antiiotics
Aetracycline E @enicillin.
200PD AI
"-B) E=plain with e=ample? a) (ood preservatives ) 3isinfectants c)
!on
ionic detergent
"-B) E=plain with e=ample ? a) En7ymes ) ;weetening agents c)
cationic
detergent.
200P N D
"-B) E=plain with e=ample? %nalgesic E3isinfectantsE %ntacidE %ntiseptic.
"-B) How do antiseptics difer from disinfectants ? Jive one e=ample of each
200P NF
"#)Write the name of an antacid which is often used as a medicine.
"#C) >easons?
(i) ;oap do not do the cleansing in hard water.
(ii) ;ynthetic detergents are preferred to soap in washing
machine.
"C) What is meant y <road ;pectrum %ntiiotics?
"#B) E=plain with e=ample? a) (ood preservatives ) cationic detergent
200P N DDCOMPTT
"--) What are anionic detergents ?How are they prepared ?Write their two
uses.
"-9) What are artiHcial sweetening agents ?Jive two e=amples .!ame the
sweetening agents used in the preparation of sweets for diaetic
patient.
"-$)(a) 3eHne the term chemotherapy.
()While antacid & antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of
histamine Ewhy do these not interfere with the function of each
other.
2010D AI -I.
"-B)E=plain the following with one e=ample ?
(i) (ood @reservation (ii) En7ymes (iii) 3etergents
2010 N AI -II.
"-B) What are analgesic drugs?How are they classiHed and when are they
usually recommended for use?
2010 N AI -III.
"-B)E=plain the following with one e=ample ?
(i) %ntiiotics (ii) %ntiseptics (iii) %nalgesic
2010 ND
"-B) What are analgesic medicines?How are they classiHed and when are
they
commonly recommended for use?
"-B) E=plain with one suitale e=ample
(i) +ationic detergent
(ii) En7ymes
(iii) %nti fertility drugs
2010 NF
"-B) How do antiseptics difer from disinfectants? !ame a sustance that
can
e used as an antiseptic as well as disinfectant
"-*) What are iodegradale and non iodegradale detergents? Jive one
e=ample of each. 0s there any structural diference etween the two
Sa#$le Pa$e0 D ID-Ne4.
"-*) (a) Yustify the following?
(i) ;leeping pills are recommended to patients sufering from
sleeplessness ut it is not advisale to ta2e them without
consulting the doctor.
(ii) Why do we require artiHcial sweetening agents?
()Write the composition of 3ettol.
Sa#$le Pa$e0 DIID-Ne4.
"(-4) (a)!ame a sustance which can act as oth(i) analgesic and
antipyretics (ii) antiseptic and disinfectant
(d)E=plain the following with suitale e=ample?
(i) <road spectrum antiiotics
(ii) %nionic detergents
Sa#$le Pa$e0 DIII D-Ne4.
"(-/) Jive one e=ample of each
(g)%n artiHcial sweetener whose use is limited to cold drin2
(h)% non ionic detergent
(i) % pain reliever used for relief from severe pain li2e postoperative
or pain due to terminal cancer.
2011 AI
"-B) What are the following sustances?Jive one e=ample of each.
(i) (ood preservatives
(ii) ;ynthetic detergents
(iii) %ntacid
"-B)(a) 3iferentiate etween a disinfectant and an antiseptic. Jive one
e=ample
of each.
(c) What is tincture of iodine and what is it used for?

2011 D
"-B) 3escrie the following giving one e=ample for each.
(0 ) detergent (ii) food preservative (iii) antacid
"-B) E=plain the following with suitale e=ample.
(0 ) sweetening agent for diaetic patients
(ii ) en7ymes
(iii ) analgesics
"-B) (0 ) Why do soap not wor2 in hard water?
(ii ) What are the main constituents of dettol?
(iii )How do antiseptics difer from disinfectant?
2011 F
"C) What is meant y a <road spectrum antiiotics?
"#C) Jive reasons?
(a);oap do not wor2 well in hard water.
();ynthetic detergents are etter than soap.
"C) What are antiseptics? Jive one e=ample.
"#C) E=plain with e=ample.
(a)%ntacid
() ;weetening agent.
2010 D Io#$tt%
"--) What are anionic detergents? How are they prepared? Write their two
main
uses.
"-9) What are artiHcial sweetening agents? Jive two e=amples. !ame the
sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweets for a diaetic
patients.
"-$) (a) deHne the term chemotherapy.
( ) While antacid and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of
histaminesEwhy do these not interfere with the function of each other?
2010 AI COMPTT%
"-B) E=plain the following terms with suitale e=amples.
(d)+ationic detergent
(e)<road spectrum antiiotics
() Aranquili7er
"#)) E=plain the following terms?
(U) %nionic detergent
(2) +hemotherapy
(l) %nalgesics
"-*) E=plain the following terms with one suitale e=ample.
(i) !on ionic detergent
(U) %ntiseptic
(2) %ntiiotic
2012AI
"C) 3iferentiate etween disinfectants and antiseptics.
"#C) what are food preservatives?!ame two such sustances.
"#B) e=plain the cleansing action of soap.why do soap not wor2 in hard
water?
"C) what is the cause of a feeling of depression in human eings?!ame a
drug
which can e useful in treating this depression.
"#C) diferentiate etween disinfectants and antiseptics. give e=ample of
each
group.
2012 D
"-B)What are the following sustances? Jive one e=ample of each one of
them.
(i) Aranqili7ers
(ii) (ood preservatives
(iii) ;ynthetic detergent
"-B) E=plain the following terms giving one e=ample of each type?
(i) antacid
(ii) disinfectants
(iii) en7ymes
2012 F
"C) What is meant y Mnarrow spectrum antiioticsF ?
"#C) ;tate a reason for each of the following statements?
(i) soap does not wor2 in hard water.
(ii) Ahe use of the sweetner aspartame is limited to cold foods
and drin2s
"#C) What are iodegradale and non iodegradale detergents? Jive one
e=ample of each.
2013 AI
"-4) (i) What class of drug is >anitidine?
(ii ) 0f water contains dissolved +a-. ionsE out of soaps and synthetic
detergentsEwhich will you use for cleaning clothes?
(iii ) Which of the following is an antiseptic?
$.- , phenol E #, phenol
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Question Bank Based on Board Papers

Prepared By Mrs. S.Srivastava

for waterG $.4#- DDg8mol)

for en7ene G -.4/DDg8mol)

"--) %ccount for the following?

() How many unpaired electrons are present in &n

"#/)assign reason for each of the following?

( ) how would you account for the following?

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