DESCRIPTIVE LYRIC POETRY - is the name given to a class of literature belongs mainly to the 16th,

17th and 18th centuries in Europe. From the earliest times, all poetry not subjectively lyrical was apt to
indulge in ornament which might be named descriptive.
EXAMPLE: The Broken-legg'd Man" by John Mackey Shaw
REFLECTIVE LYRIC POETRY - The act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the state of being
reflected. Specifically: (a) The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface. See {Angle of
reflection}, below. The eye sees not itself, But by reflection, by some other things. --Shak. (b) The
reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation;
contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind by which it is conscious of its own acts
or states; the capacity for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or standard.
EXAMPLE: Staring the mirror by John Titor
CONFESSIONAL LYRIC POETRY - is a style of poetry that emerged in the United States during the
1950s. It has been described as poetry "of the personal," focusing on extreme moments of individual
experience, the psyche, and personal trauma, including previously taboo matter such as mental illness,
sexuality, and suicide, often set in relation to broader social themes.
EXAMPLE: The Confession of Dogde Martin by Lane Tony
SONNET - was originally a love poem which dealt with the lovers sufferings and hopes.The sonnet uses
a single stanza of (usually) fourteen lines and an intricate rhyme pattern.
EXAMPLE: A Special needs Hero by: Gorerick Barbara
ODE - is a long lyric poem with a serious subject written in an elevated style. Famous
EXAMPLE:Wordsworths Hymn to Duty or Keats Ode to a Grecian orn
ELEGY - is a formal lament for the death of a particular person.
EXAMPLE: Tennysons In Memoriam A.H.H.)
DRAMATIC POETRY - is a verse or verses which are written to be spoken, usually by a character
invented by the author himself.
Dramatic Monologue- a speaker, who is explicitly someone other than the author,
makes a speech to a silent auditor in a specific situation and at a critical moment.
EXAMPLE: My Last Duchess
Dramatic Narrative poetry- gives a verbal representation, in verse, of a sequence of
connected events, it propels characters through a plot. It is always told by a narrator.
EXAMPLE:Lay of the Last Minstrel by Walter Scott
Dramatic Soliloquy- A dramatic or literary form of discourse in which a character talks
to himself or herself or reveals his or her thoughts without addressing a listener.
EXAMPLE:Yet art thou still but Faustus and a man
NARRATIVE POETRY - gives a verbal representation, in verse, of a sequence of connected events, it
propels characters through a plot. It is always told by a narrator.
Ballad - is a song, originally transmitted orally, which tells a story. It is an important
form of folk poetry which was adapted for literary uses from the sixteenth century
onwards.
EXAMPLE: Ballata 5 Guido Cavalcanti (1255-1300)
Metrical Tale- is the measured arrangement of accents and syllables in poetry. In any
kind of utterance we stress certain syllables and not others.
EXAMPLE: "Evangeline," by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Epic Poem- is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject
containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation.
EXAMPLE: Old English Beowulf
SENSORY IMAGERY - is any description that involves one or more of the five senses -- touch, sight,
taste, smell and sound.
EXAMPLE: John Keats To the Autumn
LITERARY IMAGERY -I s an author's use of vivid and descriptive language to add depth to his or her
work.
EXAMPLE: The gushing brook stole its way down the lush green mountains, dotted with tiny
flowers in a riot of colors and trees coming alive with gaily chirping birds.
ALLUSION - is a figure of speech, in which one refers covertly or indirectly to an object or circumstance
from an external context.
EXAMPLE: The Waste Land written by T. S. Eliot comprises of numerous allusions to the works
of Shakespeare, Dante, Webster, St. Augustine etc.
APOSTROPHE - is a rhetorical term for breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing.
EXAMPLE: "Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky."
(Jane Taylor, "The Star," 1806)
HYPERBOLE - is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect; an extravagant
statement.
EXAMPLE: He is as skinny as a toothpick.
This car goes faster than the speed of light.
That new car costs a bazillion dollars.
LITOTES - is a form of understatement, always deliberate and with the intention of emphasis. However,
the interpretation of negation may depend on context, including cultural context. In speech, it may also
depend on intonation and emphasis; for example, the phrase "not bad" can be said in such a way as to
mean anything from "mediocre" to "excellent".
EXAMPLE:

METAPHOR - is a figure of speech that describes a subject by asserting that it is, on some point of
comparison, the same as another otherwise unrelated object.
EXAMPLE:LAUGHTER THE MUSIC OF SOUL
SHE CUT HIM DOWN WITH HER WORDS
METATONYMY - is a word or phrase that is used to stand in for another word.
EXAMPLE:
The White House. (Referring to the American administration.)
Dish. (To refer an entire plate of food.)
Crown (for the king)
The Pentagon. (For the Department of Defense and the offices of the U.S. Armed Forces.)
Pen. (For the written word.)
Sword - (For military force.)
Hollywood. (For US Cinema.)
Hand. (For help.)
OXYMORON - a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-
contradictory effect, as in cruel kindness or to make haste slowly.
EXAMPLE: Appear invisible, BAD LUCK, ACT NATURALLY
PARADOX - a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses
a possible truth.
EXAMPLE: "The swiftest traveler is he that goes afoot."
(Henry David Thoreau, Walden, 1854)

Litotes: As a means of saying:
"Not bad." "Good."
PERSONIFICATION - is a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given human
attributes. The non-human objects are portrayed in such a way that we feel they have the ability to act
like human beings.
EXAMPLE:
The wind whispered through dry grass.
The flowers danced in the gentle breeze.
Time and tide waits for none.
The fire swallowed the entire forest.
SIMILE - is a rhetorical figure expressing comparison or likeness that directly compares two objects
through some connective word such as like, as, so, than, or many other verbs such as resembles.
EXAMPLE:
He is like a refiner's fire.
Her eyes twinkled like stars.
He fights like a lion.
He runs like a cheetah.
She is fragrant like a rose.
She is sweet like candy.

SYNECDOCHE - is a figure of speech in which a term for a part of something refers to the whole of
something, or vice versa.
EXAMPLE: "Land ho! All hands on deck!" (Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island)

IRONY - (from Ancient Greek (eirnea), meaning "dissimulation, feigned ignorance"
[1]
), in its
broadest sense, is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event characterized by an incongruity, or
contrast, between what the expectations of a situation are and what is really the case, with a third
element, that defines that what is really the case is ironic because of the situation that led to it.
Irony may be divided into categories such as: verbal, dramatic, and situational.
EXAMPLE:
We come across the following lines in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, Act I, Scene V.
Go ask his name: if he be married.
My grave is like to be my wedding bed.