AA Interferences

ELEMENT
line
nm
INTERFERENCES
Aluminium
13
Al26.98
309.27
Enhanced effect caused by ionization.Add an ionization
buffer such as 0.1%!" #otassium chloride to both sam#le
and calibration standards
Antimony
1$
Sb121.7$
206.83
Acids cause de#ression of the res#onse. %alibration
solutions should be matched to the acid concentrations in
the sam#le solutions. %an be determined by a hydride
&eneration method
Arsenic
33
As7'.92
193.70
(lame interferences and scatter effects at arsenic
a"elen&ths. %an be determined by a hydride &eneration
method.
)arium
$6
Ba137.3'
$$3.$$
*se nitrous o+ide!acetylene flame and an ionisation buffer
0.1% !" #otassium as chloride.
)eryllium
'
Be9.012
23'.86
Acids enhances the res#onse. Al, -i, .&, de#resses the
res#onse. Add hydrofluoric acid to sam#le and calibration
standards.
)ismuth
83
Bi208.98
223.06 /o serious interference effects.
)oron
$
B10.81
2'9.77 /o serious interference effects.
%admium
'8
Cd112.'0
228.80
0ar&e e+cess of silicate de#ress res#onse.%alibration solns.
should be matched ith conc.of sam#le solutions.
%aesium
$$
Cs132.91
8$2.11
1onisation effects. Add 0.$% #otassium as chloride to both
sam#le and calibration solutions.
%alcium
20
Ca'0.08
'22.67 2es#onse is de#ressed by Al, )e,3, -i, 4i, and 5r in air
acetylene flame. 4he addition of releasin& a&ent 0.2% !"
lanthanum to both sam#les and calibration stds. reduces
this effect. 4he /26!acetylene flame eliminates many of
these #roblems but an ionisation buffer 0.1% of #otassium
as chloride must be added to all solutions.
%hromium
2'
Cr$2
3$7.87
2educed sensiti"ity ith air!acetylene flame. 3hos#hate
de#resses res#onse. Add a 0.2$% !" calcium to all
solns.4he /26 flame reduces interference effects ith a +2
sensiti"ity
%obalt
29
Co26.98
$9.93
0ar&e amounts of transition elements affect the res#onse .
%alibration stds. should be matched to the concentrations
of any of these elements #resent as ma7or com#onents in
the sam#le soln.
%o##er
29
Cu63.$$
32'.7$
4ransition elements and mineral acids de#ress the
res#onse.%alibration stds.should be matched to the
concentrations of any of these elements #resent as ma7or
com#onents in the sam#le.
8old
79
Au196.97
2'2.80
%yanide de#resses the res#onse and should be destroyed by
fumin& ith a mi+.of sul#huric and #erchloric acids./itric
and 9%l &i"e a sli&ht de#ression, and sul#huric &i"es a
se"ere de#ression. %alibration solns. should be matched to
the concentrations of these acids in the sam#le solns. *se
ionisation buffer 0.1% !" of #otassium as chloride.
1ron
26
Fe$$.8$
2'8.33
3erchloric acid. /itric acid, /i and -i de#ress the res#onse.
Add 0.2% !" calcium chloride to all solns. .ost of these
interference effects can be sol"ed by usin& the hotter
/26!acetylene flame
0anthanum
$7
La138.91
$$0.13
1onisation effects. *se ionisation buffer 0.1% !"
#otassium as chloride to both sam#les and calibration stds.
0ead
82
Pb207.20
217.00
4he 283.31 line is #referred for routine analysis because of
better -!/ ratio and loer bac:&round interference effects.
.a&nesium
12
Mg2'.31
28$.21
Al and -i de#ress the res#onse in the air!acetylene flame.
Add 0.1% 0a or -r as chloride to both sam#le and
calibration stds. 4hese effects are reduced in the hotter
/26!acetylene flame ith addition of ionisation buffer
0.1% !" #otassium as chloride to all solns.
.an&anese
2$
Mn$'.9'
279.'8
-i de#resses the res#onse. Add 0.2% !" calcium chloride
to both sam#les and calibration stds. .o and ; de#ress
res#onse hen acetylene #ressure dro#s belo 100 lb.in.<2
%han&e to a full acetylene cylinder.
.ercury
80
Hg200.$9
2$3.6$
0ar&e amounts of %6 enhance res#onse. 2educin& a&ents
=-n%l2> enhance the res#onse. *se the cold "a#our
flameless method.
.olybdenum
'2
Mo9$.9'
313.26
%a, (e, .n, -ul#hate, and -r de#ress res#onse in
air!acetylene flame.Add 0.$% !" aluminium chloride to
both sam#les and calibration stds. 4he /26!acetylene
flame &i"es a +2 increase in sensiti"ity. %han&e acetylene
cylinder hen #ressure falls belo 100lb.
/ic:el
80
Ni28
232.00
*se line at 3'1.'8 for routine or:. A lar&e e+cess of iron
causes enhancement and calibration stds. should be
matched to the concentration of this element in the sam#le
solutions.
3otassium
19
39.10
766.'9
1onisation effects .Add 0.1% !" sodium or caesium to
both sam#le and calibration solns. 9i&h conc. of mineral
acids de#ress res#onse. %alibration stds. should contain the
same conc. of acids.
-ilicon
1'
Si28.09
2$1.61
1onisation effects de#ress res#onse. Add ionisation buffer
0.1% !" of an al:ali metal as chloride.
-il"er
'7
Ag107.87
328.07
Al, 5n, 4h, ?mn6', iodate and tun&state de#ress the
res#onse. %alibration stds. should match the conc. of any of
these #resent as ma7or com#onents in the sam#le.
-odium
11
Na22.99
$89.00
$89.$9
1onisation effects. Add ionisation buffer 0.1% !"
#otassium chloride to sam#le and calibration stds.
-trontium
38
Sr87.62
'60.73
3hos#hate, Al, -i, de#ress res#onse.Add 0.$% !"
lanthanum chloride to all solns.
4in
$0
Sn118.69
22'.61
4he /26 ! acetylene flame should be used for routine
determinations in anythin& but a@ueous solutions.
*ranium 3$8.'9 %/ in the flame &i"es a hi&h noise le"el at 3$8.'9nm. (or
this reason, the 3$6.66nm line is used for most
92
!238.01
determinatios. *se ionisation buffer 0.1% al:ali metal as
chloride.
Aanadium
23
"$0.9'
318.$'
Al and 4i enhances the res#onse. Add 0.$% aluminium to
all solutions. 1onisation effects can be eliminated by
addition of 0.1% al:ali metal as chloride to all solns.
5inc
30
#n6$.37
213.86
2es#onse is de#ressed ith lar&e e+cess of silicon. 4he
calibration solns. should be matched to the conc. of the
element in the sam#le solns.
5irconium
'0
#r91.22
360.12
4he res#onse is enhanced in the #resence of ammonium
ions, chloride, fluoride and iron. 2es#onse is de#ressed by
nic:el =/i)r >, nitrate and sul#hate. 0.2% !" of
ammonium fluoride hel#s reduce interference effects.