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Michael Friedman, Birendra Gurung, Derwin Lugo, Murat Ocak, Mark Ritzmann, Lars
Weinrich
Ivan G Seidenberg School of CSIS, Pace University
1 Martine Ave, White Plains, NY, 10606, USA
{mf22990n, bg77633w, dl99837n, mo73153p, lw50479n}@pace.edu
marksritzmann@yahoo.com
At the completion of registration or, Figure 5: Java applet before any keystrokes have
upon returning to the site, the user is redirected been entered [1]
to the activity selection PHP page. This page
receives the user’s first name and last name from After analyzing previous raw data files,
the referring page and queries the database to it was identified that typos or inconsistencies in a
obtain values of the counter fields [1]. (See participant’s name causes problems in the feature
Figure 3) extractor. By requiring the user to register once
Clicking go redirects the user to the and use the same first and last name to access the
appropriate Java applet based on his/her system, the problem is eliminated. The same
selections (See figure 5). There are six pieces of principle is true for the activity sequence
information sent to, and required by, the Java number; should the user enter a number already
applet: first name; last name; experiment style used, the user will overwrite his/her existing raw
(e.g., free text, copy task); sequence number for data file. This is corrected through the use of
the selected experiment style (respective counter counters in the database managed through PHP
field value); keyboard style; and awareness [1]. scripts [1].
Awareness refers to whether the user knows Depending on the sample being
he/she is working with a keystroke biometric collected, the system checks for a minimum
system. If the Java applet does not receive these number of keystrokes [1]. In the study by Villani
six values, or if the user does not have a Java et al. [2] the copy task entries must be at least
Runtime Environment (JRE) equal to or later 635 keystrokes and free text samples at least 677
version 1.4, the applet will not launch. Lastly, keystrokes, otherwise the user is prompted to
the user must use Microsoft’s Internet Explorer continue typing (See Figure 6).
in order for the applet to function properly [1].
a feature. Fallback is implemented by assigning
each node on the tree a numeric pair consisting
of that feature’s unique numeric identifier. This
allows the programmer to easily change the pairs
and thereby changes the structure of the tree [1].
5. Trace Mechanism
Train Data Test Data Linguistic TouchType
While we are certain that Fallback Success Success
procedures do, indeed, improve overall Rate Rate
performance and result in higher match Desktop Laptop 98.3% 95.5%
percentages, we are somewhat in the dark (with Laptop Desktop 99.5% 98.4%
the current version of the application) as to why. Combined Combined 98.6% 97.8%
In the current version of the code, there is no Keyboard Keyboard
mechanism that reports when and how Fallback s s
occurred. In some respects, we take it’s Desktop Laptop 58.5% 61.8%
invocation on faith. Laptop Desktop 55.1% 57.4%
In order to produce a more granular Table 2: Free-Text Task Identification Success
explanation of results, a Trace Mechanism was Rates
developed. This functionality will allow for the
identification of insufficient data (ie – which
letters were not used with enough frequency to 7. Conclusion and Recommendations
form a complete sampling) and allow for the
identification of the path (percentages and
Upon completion of this project, there
weights) that was taken along the hierarchy of
will be two fallback models in place on the
the Touch-Type model.
system already which are the Linguistic Model
This information is extremely valuable
and the Touch-Type model. The improvements
is examining results, fine tuning the model by
that were made to the current system were
adjusting parameters and weight, and improving
implementation of the “Touch-Type Model”, the
results.
development of “User Interface” for the Feature
Extractor as well as the Feature Classifier, and a
6. Results “Trace Mechanism” to help the researcher in
detecting/identifying insufficient data.
Contrary to our expectations, a For future improvement, explorations of
comparison of the results obtained while running more of these types of fallback models will
the KeyStroke Biometric System was not clear greatly help in minimizing the error rate and
cut. Our hypothesis was that a fallback method achieving higher success rate with the results.
designed to reflect the geography of a keyboard One fallback model is the “Statistical Model”,
(the TouchType method) would achieve greater which has already been developed. It is based on
rates of accuracy than a fallback method based the statistical analysis of data. But the foremost
on grammar (Linguistic method). priority for future project team should be in
What follows are some preliminary implementing this model since our client
results from running the system in Train-On-One believes that this “Statistical Model” will be the
& Test-On-Another mode. 36 subjects were used most accurate and the results can be used to
in this test. Each had performed all tasks explain the performance of the other two models
collected by the Java Applet Data Collector (Linguistic and Touch-Type).
(‘Copy on Laptop’, ‘Copy on Desktop’, ‘Free on
Laptop’ & ‘Free on Desktop) 4 - 8 times.