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S t a n d O u t
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G ra m m a r
Cha llen ge
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TMOIVISOIM
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HEIIMLE
o Siny.ipore Spain United Kingdom United St a t e s
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Our Comtnunfty
CHALLENGE 2 * Prepositions of direction and location
On, at, ir, from, around, across from
He lives on my street
The bus station is on Grand Street
The post office s on the right.
The garage is on the crner.
l'm at work/home/school.
Are you at the post office?
He's at 25 Main Street.
Gabriela's famy lives in Buenos Aires.
The tennis courts are in the park.
There's a dentist's office in the mal.
From the office, go straight on Linden.
The bank is around the crner from
the supermarket.
The library is across from City Hall.
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Write the best preposition (around, across from, on, at, in, or from) to complete the
sentences. There may be more (han one answer.
E X A M P L E : We likc the gardens in the park.
1. Do you l i kc the bookstore the mal ?
2. My f ami l y uves Mxico City.
3. The DMV is Thi rd Avenue.
4. Cinbriela' s not here. Shc is work.
5. Do vou live . a small town?
7. She l i ves
8. They are
t he umi er t r om hi ni .
sehool today.
t he l e l ?
6. Picase meet me the restauran!.
9. l, s y ou r school __^___._
10. . my housc, L; O s t r a i ^h l .
1 1 . \Ve work _._ 1 4 N U i pl e Street.
1 2. I work the park.
JMatch the sentence on the left vwth a picture on the right. Write the letter n the blank.
I- X A MP L E : The square is bctween two circles. j?
1. The square goes to the right.
2. The ei rel e moves to the left.
3. The eircle is on the crner.
4. The arrow gocs around the crner.
5. The square is across froni the eircle.
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UNIT
5 Our Communty
CHALLENGE 1 Review: Subjec

1 am late. Am I late?
He is late. Is he late?
They are late. Are they late?
:t/verb agreement
1 am waiting. Are you waiting?
She s waitng. Is she waiting?
We are waiting. Are we waiting?
Simple present tense
1 like music.
We don't have your phone number.
Do you know Marcia?
Where do they Uve?
He likes music.
She doesn't have your phone number.
Does he know Marcia?
Where does she live?
The third person singular usually adds an s to the verb.
Use does for negative and queston forms in the third person singular.
Use do with 1, you, we, and they.
Non-count nouns take a singular verb.
Some milk is in the refrigerator. Her hair is straight. Music makes me happy.
J Write the correct form of the verb be in each sentence.
'.XAMIM.li: Thcre Js a inuscum next to thc post office.
1. Mv tricnd waitinu on the crner. 7. Who the nackaee tor?
2. Thcv rcadini; (he eitv map.
3. \Vc standiii on the riuht.
8. (jabriela'.s phone numbcr hcre.
9. I on O.ik StreiM?
-J. The post of f ice next to the hostel. 10. vou wntiii a lelter"
3. 1 o\ much the cotice?
6. l'hosc stores on Main Street.
1 1. Thcre mail lor vou.
1 2. \w much t r ese sho cs?
^j9 Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses in each sentence. Be careful of
spelling changes.
XAMIM H: f pav) 1 ahvavs pay cash at the supennarkct.
1. (sel l , ne^ ative) Dexter Books
2. l st . i v) Mv hoss rarelv
3. yo) \ Vhere vou usuallv
I. (be, nenativc; 1 ler hair
T. ( cali) Mv niother
(S. ( keep } In Japan, people
7. :li\\'i the lamire/ tamilv
S. ( teaJ) Mv broiher
maps.
in a hotel.
shonniii:'
brown.
me everv Sundav.
monev at the post of f ice
in Buenos Aires?
second ^ratle.
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Housng
CHALLENGE 8 Parts of speech
Part of speech Defintion Examples
noun
adjective
verb
a person, place or thing
a word that describes a noun
an action or a state of being
Roberto, Mxico, house, cat
blue, tall, expensive, heavy
is, have, do, eat
Sometimes a word can be both a noun and a verb.
Iwant a cold drink. (noun) i drink coffee in the morning. (verb)
j Complete each sentence about grammar with the word nouns, verbs, or adjectives.
I ' . X A M I ' l . h : Wc u s u . i l l v add an s to _ _ _ _ _ nouns to make th em p l u r al .
1 . l i av e di l i er ent tenses.
2. A ni el es come bel ore .
.. agr ee w i t h tl i e s ubject of the s entence.
} . . h av e comp ar ati v o forms.
5. des cr i be nou ns .
0 > . \Ve can add \ to _ _ tu f or m a pos s cs s i ve , i d) ecti \ ' e.
mJ Identify the underlined parts of speech: adjective (a), noun (n), or verb (v) .
n v a n
KXAMI'I.H: Sonie ieoksK^ e^ in a l a r o hixiroom.
lib; LLlilk:^? di i mer i n th e ki tch en.
2. My hn-.u]ic_r takes a s h ( v wer i n the s mai l bath r ooni .
3. The house has lve beel rooms.
4. The wh i te or i s i n th e green garage.
5. Th e mover pu l th e cofi ee tabl e i n th e h aU.
d. The brollicrs n_eed to bu y l u r ni ti i r e for the honsc.
7. l ohi i and jan_ e \ v ant tu r e a i i ew hous e bu t i t i s very expens i v e.
S. The cat i s u nder the s u fa i n the l i v i nq ro_orn.
UNIT
4 Housing
CHALLENGE 7 Prepositions
The ball is in the box.
Prepositions
The ball s between two boxes, [l )O[ )1
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The ball is on the box. The ball s over the box.
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The ball s under the box. U |
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The ball is in front of the box.
The ball s next to the box. Q ] O The ball is behind the box.
Use prepositions to talk about where thngs are.
Complete the sentences with a preposition from the chart above.
I- XAM1M 1' : Tlie eloek is over the desk. The dc.sk is under the dock.
I. The ch.nr is beb mi llu' table. The lable s the chair.
1 . The book is umler ( he lamp. The lamp is the book.
.' < . The sdf.i is unJ er the p.iintini;. ' [' lie p.nntini; is the sota.
-I. I'he sola is ne\ lo tlie lamp. The lamp is ncxt to the table. The lamp is the sof
and the lable.
Complete the sentences with the best preposition.
A B
HNAMIM.h: VVhi -re is ( " ar men? Slie is _ ( he.li vi ns room. A. in B. on 9O
1. U' lK' iv i s ihe i ! ( K LMfs ( he l et ri ^erat or. A. in B. over QQ
2. \\' here is ihe teiepione' It\_ tlie l'\ aiul the coniputer. A. between B. over O O
i. \ \ Iu-iv is the : rash t anr ll\_ihe lab e. A. over B. tinde: QQ
1. \ Vhei e is t he l.uiipr ll\e sola. A. between B. next v O O
5. U' hetv .ir t h e ! lm\ ei sM' he\ are _ l lie piano. A. t)n B. bctwt' vr. O O
(t. \ \ 1iere are ti i e shoes? I li e\ are ( he bed. A. over B. undc: O O
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UNIT
4 Housing
C H A L L E N G E 6 * - Wh- questions with present continuous tense
Question word Ve rb Subje ct Verb + -ing Example
What
Whe re
Who
am
is
are
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he/she/it
you/we /the y
doing?
going?
calling?
What am 1 doing?
Whe re is she going?
Who are you calling?
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Unscramble the words to make wh- questions.
l - X A M P L E : is / she / doing / what
1 . is / wearing / what / she
2. tiiey / what / watching / are
3. waiting / I / why / am
4. y ou / are / where / stay ing
5. going / where / she / is
6. the / wri t i ng / is / who / l etter
7. y ou / where / l iv ing / are
8. are / you / what / saying
9. exercisc / is / who / doing / the
1 0. where / work ing / they / are
What is she doing?
Write questions for the answers provided.
F . X A M P L E : What is she weariny?
1 . What ;
2. Who
3. Where
4. What
5. Where
6. Why
7. What
8. What
9. Who
1 0. What
She is wt M ri ng a ret auit.
! ,im pa i nt i ng the house.
They are ail l iiii; their pare s.
We are going to the rnov iev
H e is ea t i ng ,1 sa ndwich.
I am sta y ing n X ew York.
They are st udy i ng 1 - jnglish because
they wa nt to go to eol l ege.
Yon are renting an a pa rt ment .
l ie is buv ing a new house.
They are tal k ing to an a genl .
She is l ookiim at the ad.
UNIT
4 Ho us ng
CHALLENGE 5 - Yes/no questions with present continuous tense
Statement Question Answer
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l'm s tudying hard.
You're working late.
We're waiting for him.
They're making a budget
He's calling his brother.
She's writing a letter.
It's p laying outs ide.
Am 1 studyng hard?
Are you working late?
Are we waiting for him?
Are they making a budget?
Is he calling his brother?
Is s he writing a letter?
Is it playing outs ide?
Yes , you are.
Ves , 1 am.
Yes, we are.
Yes , they are.
Yes , he is .
Yes , s he s .
Yes , it is .
No, you aren't.
No, l'm not.
No, we aren't.
No, they aren't.
No, he is n't.
No, s he is n't.
No, it is n't
Write pronouns and the correct form of the verb be. Use contractions if possble.
K X A M P I . K : Is Ri eko r cadi ng a newspaper?
. 5fte"5 reading a book. No, she isn't
Roberto checking the p hone bil?
No, cal cu l at i ng t h e U t i l i t i es bil .
Ves,
M r . and Mrs. S m i t h l ooki ng at t h e cl assif ied ads?
. dream i ng abou t a new h ome.
3. ' we ch oosing new l i f e i nsu r anec?
No, _______ - ch oosing new car nsu rance.
4. I m aki ng a l ot o i" noise?
Y es, . _ _ _ _ _ . P icase be q u i c t . I st u dying.
5 . t h e cat sl eepi ng i n t h e wi ndow?
No, sl eeping u nder t h e cof f ee t abl c.
o. y ou and y ou r h u sband r ent i ng an apart m ent ?
. _ bu y i ng a m obil e h ome.
Use the words to form questions in the present continuous.
Are vou Qoina to the park? H XAMlM.r.: you / go / to the p ark
1. the mailman / walk / up the driveway
2. you / p ut / tooil / in the refrigerator
3. Van / eheek / the budgel
4. Carmen / make / an ap p ointment
?. thev / enlcrtain / gues ts
fi. we / bu\ / a hous c
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Housfng
CHALLENGE 4 > Negative form and contractions with present continuous
Example
1 am not
Silvia is not
are not
u'nd
wor '*
Explanaton
Add not after the verb be to form the
negative of the present continuous.
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to the negative form of be
one form, but the other pronouns have two.
1
She is not
It is not
You are not
isn't
isn't
It isn't
You aren't
We aren't
Contraction 2
l'm not
He's not
She's not
You're not
We're not
Complernent
making a budget.
renting an apartment.
talking to her sister.
eating today.
listening to me.
thinking about it.
looking for a house.
Rewrite each sentence n the negative using the pronoun n pa.entheses.
Use the ful! form.
X A M P I . K : S h e i s c a l l mg h e r f n e n d . t h e y )
W c a r L - ma k i n g c i i nnc r t oni g h t . (h e)
He i s e a t i ng l u nc h , (y ou )
V l a ms t a . K l i n g o n t h e b a l c o n v . ( s h e )
I Y o u a r c h a v i n g a p a r t v . ( O
, . T h e y a r e s e l l mg t h e i r e o ml o mi mu m. l w e ;
i the pool, ( i t )
not calling their friends.
3Rewrite each sentence using Contraction 2.
^1P LE: I an, no, c a l c u l a t i ng my expenses. jM*WMmyexpenses,
, . X V c a re not ma k i ng more money these days .
1 . She i s not ma k i ng an a ppomtment.
* . T"h7v m- not t a l k i ng on the f ront P rch.
, not
c h oos i ng f u r ni u r e for the ncw house.
, Yugare not pa i nt i ng th e k i tchcn.
UNIT
4 Housng
C H A L L E N G E 3 > Spelling of present continuous
Verb Spelling rule Present Present continuous
most verbs
verbs that end in e
one syllable verbs that end in
consonant-vowel-consonant
verbs wth more than one syllable that
end in consonant-vowel-consonant
and the stress s on the last syllable
verbs that end in ie
Add -ing.
Drop the e and add -ng.
Double the consonant
and add -ing.
Exception: Don't double
w, x, and y.
Double the final
consonant, and add
-ing.
Change the ie to y and
add -ng.
work
write
sit
buy
admit
lie
working
writing
sitting
buying
admitting
lying
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It's t he end of t he month. Silvia and Robert o are taking care of t heir finances.
Fll in the blanks with the present continuous forra of the verbs in parent heses.
I - X A M l ' L i ; : S i l v i a a n d Roberto
Rober t o i s a t t h e ba n k. H e
He
- Q f e J o J u n g -
( t a k e )
ca re of t h e i r mon ev i od a v .
some mon cy i n h i s s a v i n g s a c c ou n t .
. t . i kc
( 1 . d c' p os i l )
mon ey out ot hi .s c h e c k i n i j a ccou n t . The ba n k i s bu s y tod a v . ' A l ot of p eop l e
i n l i n e. Two ba n k c mp l oy ees t h e d i t t e r c n t k i n d s of ba n k
. w. n i )
a c a u mt s . A ma n a n d a woma n
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a bou t cred i t ca rd s . Rober t o
'(- ,. i l n n k )
a bou t h i s ex p en s es .
S i l v i a i s a t l i me. S h e a n d h er s on
s ome u t i l i t v b i l i s . Ri i ; h t n ow s h e
I l er son
He
a t t h e k i t c h en t a bl e. S be
I S . p a v
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her. 1 l e
t h e p h on e b i l . I t ' s h i g h i b i s mo n l h .
_ _ _ t h e cos ot p h on e c a l i s t o M x i co.
( I I . c a k u L i t c
f or a ch ea p er p h on e comp a n y.
Writ e t he correct spelling of t he present cont inuous form of t he verb.
H X A M P I . K : h a p p en happening
1 . op en
2. Jiop
3 . d ep os i t
4. f org et
5. remembcr
( >. l i s t e n
7 . \ - i s i t
ti f _
9. l i ej ; i ] i _
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[ Housing
_ CHALLENGE 2 > Present continuous
C:^^!Subject Be Vefb +ing
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1 am w aiting.
He/She/lt is sleeping.
IYou/ We / he y ar e w orking.
Examples:
^ 1 am (l'm) saving money. You are (You're) enter taining guests.
J% He is (He's) talking to a friend. We are (We're) painting the room.
She is (She's) paying the rent They are (They're) looking at the ad.
It t is (It's) barking outside.

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l ; .
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4.
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6.
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8.
The present continuous describes activities or states that are continuing now .
Don't use the present continuous w ith non-action verbs:
like, love, hate, understand, know , need, w ant, have.
Some exceptions:l'm havingfun. She is having br eakfast They are having a party.
J Write the correct form of the present continuous in the story about Silvia,
\MPLE: w ork) I. am WQltng. M iv desk.
(do) I > } ' , mv Enulish homew ork ri^hl now .
(look) Mv desk is ncar the w indow . I oul the w indow now .
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plav) Some childryn socar m me park.
(w aitl A man ad,a w oman tor the bus.
w ash) Mr. Acfam his car .
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(sleen) A doc ' f on the neighbor's porch.
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jRead the story about Rober to' s moving day. Rew rite each sentence w ith a pr onoun,
making a contr action w ith be as in the example.
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\MPL)E Silviaanp Iare moving to the new apartment. IVe'femow no o the new apartment.
Yon and T nro nuttfnp firnifnrp in the livinp room.
Some fr iendo are hrlnitip me.
Jnnn is .-arrvinn henvy bmces un the st,iir;
r.nrln i^piittill' rlnthcs in her bp^rrtnm
Silvia and her mother are making a lst.
My cousins are fixing a lamp.
The doo is looking for its favor ite sof.
M\ familv and Iare enjoying our new home.
UNIT
4 Housing
CHALLENGE 1 There is, there are
Example
There is furniture in the apartment.
There's a car in the garage.
There are schools in the neighborhood.
Explanation
Use there s with singular count nouns
and non-count nouns.
There's is the contraction for there is.
Use there are with plural nouns.
Use there is and there are to introduce new topics into a conversation and to talk about
where things are. There is and there are are often used with prepositional phrases.
Question
Is there a car n the garage?
Are there schools in the neighborhood?
x How many schools are there?
Answer
Yes, there s.
Yes, there are.
No, there isn't
No, there aren't.
There are three schools.
Questions with there is and there are can have short answers.
Use there are with how many to ask for nformation.
Carmen is talking to a real estte agent Write questions and short answers
there is and there are to complete the conversation.
1 L X A M P I . E : Carmen: I low many bedrooms _ are there ?
Agent: There are thrce bedrooms.
with
1 . Carmen: How many bathrooms are there?
Agent: two bathrooms.
2. Carmen: _ a garage?
Agent: No, . Ikit _
3. Carmen:
Agent: Yes,
4. Carmen:
Agent:
a carport.
a balcony?
. I t' s vcry big.
ch i l dr en i n th e bu i l di ng?
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Yes,
5. C,'armen:
Agent: No,
(i. ('armen:
Agent: Yes,
7. Carmen:
Agent:
a lot of families.
No,
dogs in the building?
. You can't kcep pcts.
a park near the apartment?
. t has a swi mmi ng pool.
f u r ni tu r e i n th e apartment?
. You need to buy furniture.
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Carmen: I want lo see the apartment.
Agent: ("orne soon. many people lookng at i t.
UNIT
Food
CHALLENGE 8 ^ Questions with or
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Question
Do you brng your lunch or (do you) buy your lunch?
Does she walk to the store or (does she) drive to the store?
Does she like potatoes or (does she Hke) tomatoes?
Do they use credit cards or (do they use) cash?
Answer
We buy our lunch.
She walks to the store.
She likes potatoes.
They use cash.
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Use or in questions to give a choice and clarify information.
VV Complete the questions using the words in parentheses.
EXAMPLE: (mustard / ketchup) Do you want mustard or ketchup _ on your hot dog?
1. ( t mal o / c h i c k e n ) Do you wan t soup?
2. (hoiled / f r i ed) Do you like pot at oe s?
3. ( h ot / i c c d) Do you wan t lea?
4. (buy / makc) Do you your lunch?
9Wrte questions using the words in parentheses.
EXAMPLE: t h e y / eat / eggs / cereal / for breakfast
Do they eat eygs or cereal for breakfast?
1. the c h i l dr c n / wan t / ket chup / must ar d / on t he i r hamburgers
2. Tran / go / to a restauran! / to the cafeteri a / for l unc h
3. Sebastien and Robcrt / eat / l unch / together / alone
4. she / heat / water / on the stove / in the microwave
5. Duong / hate / coffee / love / coffee
6. Dave / eat / a big breakfast / a small breakfast
UNIT
Food
CHALLENGE 7 How much? How many?
Example
How much coffee do we have?
How many cookies do we have?
Explanation
Use how much and how many to ask about amounts.
Use much for non-count nouns and many for
count nouns.
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Q: How much is a ham sandwich?
A: It is (It's) $3.50.
Q: How much is the bread?
A: It's $2.00.
Q: How much are the oranges?
A: They are (They're) 50 cents each.
Use how much to ask about prices.
Use is and it with singular nouns and non-count nouns.
Use are and they with plural nouns.
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l i X A M I M . l l : towmany _ ^Ps of coffee do you dr i n k ?
3.
4.
8.
f r ui t does sh e w a n t ?
m i l k does your da ug h t e r dr i n k ?
i none y do yon spe nd on food?
vending machines are t h e r c ?
t i m e do we have t o e a t ?
bot t l e s of w a t e r does she necd?
sandwiches do yon m a ke ?
sonp does she w a n t ?
Write /s or are in the questions about Food City. Write i'f's or they're in the answers.
E X A M PU i : Hm v m u c h /5 t h e yog ur t ?
1 . I l ow nni c h t h e on i on s?
2 . I i nv m uc h _
3. [ l ow m uc h _
4. i low much
5 . How much _
(i. Ilow much _ _ _
7 . I l ow m uc h
.S . ! l ow m uc h
I t ' s
the niilk
t l i e c e r e a l ?
cooki es?
t hose pa pe r h a ys?
t hat L i i cui nher?
the orante j uice?
t h ose c. i ns ot l i m a ?
$2. 00 a c a r t n.
$2. 50 a hag.
$2.00 a ga l l n.
$2. 40 a box.
$1 .00 ea ch.
free!
40 cent s.
$4. 00 a c a r t n .
85 cent s e a c h .
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FOOd y
||CHALLENGE 6 Imperatives eo^
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K^^1Use imperatives... Affirmative
| to give instructions. Choose a number.
to make a request Buy milk, please.
(Add please to be polite.)
to make a command. Eat yourvegetables.
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Negative
Don't bou the potatoes.
Don't eat n the library, please.
Don't put your feet on the table.
When using the imperatve, the subject you is understood.
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the s
conv
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1 Choose a verb frpm the box to complete the sentences. Use the negative form
when indicated. More than one answer is often possible.
read listen ask
hclp write don't use
don't take don't cook cut
V1PLE: Help voursister make dinner.
the server about the men. 6.
the shopping list. 7.
my bowl. 8.
to yourparents. . 9.
eggs in the microwave. 10.
don't put
don't eat
candv all d.iv.
the carrots in half.
a check forthe food.
the dog to the restauran!.
pennies in the vendinti machine.
I Silvia is getting ready for a party. Read the instructions she gives her children.
Fill in the imperatives. Use the negative form when indicated.
V1FLE: Don't watch TVnow.
(watch, negative)
d vour help. Please the ru and \our rooms.
(1. vacuum) (2. clean) (3. eat, ncyative)
lacks in the living room. eggs, milk and bread. the food at the
(4. buy)
;nience store. to Food Citv.
(6.go) (7. Pee!)
a salad. and
(9. make} (lO.wash) (ll.drain)
the table. the blue plates. Use
( 12. set) ( 13. use, negative}
prettv napkins. on some nice clothes.
(15. put)
(5. buy, negative)
and the potatoes.
(S.whip)
the lettuce first. Then
the white plates.
(14. choose)
} l%tr UNIT 3
Food
CHALLENGE 5 Comparative adjectives
Rule Simple form Comparative form
One syllable adjectives: add -er
Other adjectives with two syllables
or more: add more
Exceptions
Spelling changes:
For one 'yllable adjectives, add -r
if the adjective already ends n e.
For words that end in consonant +
vowel + consonant, double the
last letter and add -er.
cheap
expensive
good
bad
large
thin
Apples are cheaper than oranges.
Food City is more expensive than
Puente Market.
This cake is better than that cake.
The food s worse than the sen/ice.
The blue plates are larger than
the yellow plates.
l'm thinner than my mother.
Use the comparative form of adjectives to compare two people or things.
The comparative has two forms: (adjective) + -er than or more (adjective) than.

-
Some students are taiking about the food at school. Write the comparative form of
the adjective. \a,
c\
jr tI 1" ' f
expensive) Roast beef is .1 tha n hot
K X A M 1M T . : ( d el i ci o u . s ) T he sp. i g hel ti i.s more delidous
2 , ( ch e. i p) T ho p ta l o ch i ps a r o
3. ( tr e s h ) l ' he sa l a d
than the Fr ench-tfu ' s.
t. ( l a r i ; e) T he cheeseburger is
5 . I i; oiu l ) T he tood is
fi. 1 L X ' ) Tliu ( aillos musido aro
th a n the f r u i t cu p.
th a n the ha mbu r g er .
7 . ( b i i : ) T he sod as in th e ca f o l o i ' i a ar o
N . p n l i te ) l l io ser ver s he r e a r o
l ). ( sw eo t) T h i s o a nd v is
a t l u nch tr u n au jinner.
_^_^^_ th a n the ta bl cs i ns i d e. '
than the sod as fr om tho vend mg ma chij
tha n ihe servcrs at m^- nther school .
10 . ( b a t ) T hi s o a to i o r i a is te r r i b l e . T W e p//a i. s
s i n a l l ) T ho po r ti o ns a r o . _ /
/ /
( hot) Tho coltoo in tho oatot
than/thal cand y.
th a n the spghetti.
l u nch than at d inncr .
cotfee
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Food
CHALLENGE 4 > Review: Yes/no questions with be and simple
present tense
Statement Question
You put mustard on hot dogs.
He puts mustard on hot dogs.
Do you put mustard on hot dogs?
poes he put mustard on hot dogs?
Short Answer
Yes, 1 do.
No, he doesn't.
The jar is open.
The bananas are good.
Is the jar open?
Are the bancas good?
No, it isn't
Yes, they are.
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Provde the correct verb and a short answer for each question. Use contractions if
possible.
I ' X A M P L E : Is the cart n of yogurt in the r ef r i ger at or ? " es , Jtjs.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
_ Duong eat a big l unch?
Scbas tien and Nat as ha i n t he caf et eri a?
_^_^_ you and your f r i cnd s eat beef?
F.va at the s uper mar ket ?
Ros a d r i nk coffee at ni ght ?
. . you eat breakfas t wi t h your f a mi l y?
____^it a good idea to br i ng your l unch?
the bags of ptalo chi ps for t he par t y?
V es ,
No,
Ves,
No,
No,
No,
V es ,
Ves,
Use the words to form a question. Use be as the main verb if no verb is given.
F.XAMPLFS: avocados / cxpensive / in winter Are avocados expensive in winter?
your children / eat / vegetables Do your children eat vegetables?
1. the t acos / come / wi t h s als a
V
2. the i ngr edi ent s / on the table.
3. I / peed / more rrjoncy / for di nner
''i- *- i '.
4. V an / need./ a bottle of water
5. the box of cookies / cni pt y
6. the eggs / fresh
Food
CHALLENGE 3 Review: Simple present tense
Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. Fi ll in the correct bubble
completely.
A M l ' l I : . : S i i e _ . . . . m i l k i n h e r e o l ' t e e .
Pi i o n g l u i u l i r o m a t r u e l ;
i co o k i cs a t l i m e .
We m i l k l o r o u r u > l ! e e .
S e h a sl i e n a n d 1 h i o n i ; o u t .
her Jiildren eandy.
a s a i l d u u h t o sJi o o l .
i h e \ e i u l i m ; m a e h i n e .
h e a l l l i v k i n e h e v
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
n
. pu t
gr t
. do n ' t
. bu y
. do n ' t
. do n ' t
. t a k e
. u se
ha ve
ca t
gi ve
. choose
. do n ' t
. pe e l
of the
tifairf
h e r
n e e d
presen t
like
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
ten se
. pu t s
gct s
. do e sn ' t ha ve.
. bu ys
. doe sn ' t e at
. do e sn ' t gi v e
. t a k e s
. u ses
. e ho o se s
. do e sn ' t n e e d
. pe i s
given .
A
O
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
B

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
e u cu m be r s.
m a k c di n n e r .
K N A M P I F: ( l i k e , n c ^ a t i v e ) M v m o l h e r a n d I
! . ' help ' < iahriela' s hu^hand
1 . u ; o! A u i u i s t m . . _ . . _ . . . _ o P u e n t e M a r k e t o n S u n da y.
* . ( h a v e , i l e ga l i \! ' ! h i s l e e e r e . M U nuts.
4 . i \ v a i n , i K ' u . i t r , e \ \ k e t ch u p o n o u r che e . se bu r ge r s.
?. m a k c! K o b e r t o a i u l l u s Ji i l d r e n di n n e r o n S a l u r da y.
". pa \- , n e ^ a ! i \ \ \ _ _ . _ . l a x e s o n l o o d .
7. s e l ! ) T he k m Ji m u K _ _ _ t a e o s.
s. ' h a v e ; 1 m : Jk w i t h m y e o o k i e s.
1 J. i n e e i l , i l e g a l i \ i l u '. _ _ a new rer i pera tor.
M I . h o i i I V , n i e. ;;. ;> l o r l u
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1 want milk.
You
We
They
He
She
It
Simple present tense 1
wants milk. 1 don't want milk.
You
We
They
He doesn't want milk.
She
It
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Food
CHALLENGE 2 * Contamers and portions
Example
A cartn of eggs is in the r efr iger at or .
Two cartons of eggs are in the refrigerator.
A bottle of milk s in the refrigerator.
Two bottles of milk are in the refrigerator.
a slice of pizza, a loaf of bread,
a piece of cake, a cup of coffee,
a bowl of soup, a pate of food
A slice of pizza is 2.00.
Two slices of pizza ar e $4.00.
Explanation
Food and dr inks come in differ ent
containers that can be counted.
The ver b agr ees wit h t he cont ainer and
not t he it em or t ems inside t he cont ainer .
Ser vings and por t ons ar e count able.
Fill in the blanks with a container from the box. There may be more than one answer
K X A MP L E : a
1. a
2. a
3. a
4. a
5, a
6, a
cart n bottle
jar of mu s t ar d
of ptalo chips
of icecream
of gum
of ctfili sauce ^ . ~
of water J s^ ~ ~ ^
orcookies v
package box
7. a
8. a
9. a
..,.. 1. a
^ 1 1 . a
'^ >*K:-a --^
j ar bag
of n n n t s
o p L 'kl cs
o c c i e. i l
o! n i a\ 'on n ai s c
ot vomi r t
ot oni om
A cartn of milk is on the
T w o bags of apples aron the tatffe.
What is on the table? Follow the pattern to mak
F. X A MP L E S: cart n / milk
two / bag / apples
1. t hr ce / package/ ground meat
2 . two / jar / peanut but t er
3. package/ cheese
4. two / bag / chips
5. six / sl ce / pizza
6. two / bowl / potatoes
7. jar / spaghetti sauce
8. f our / bot t le/ cola
9. piale / roast beef
10. two / cup / tea
no number is given.
UNIT
Food
I
CHALLENGE 1 Count and non-count nouns
Example
An apple is on the table.
Apples are delcious.
Explanation
Count nouns are things that are seprate (you can count
them). They have a singular and a plural form.
The verb must agree w'rth the subject
Bread is on the table. Non-count nouns are objects that you cannot count
Bread is decious. because they are seen as one thing.
They always take a singular verb.
Some common non-count nouns are foods and drinks.
bread rice yogurt soda cereal margarme
coffee water fruit mustard salt spaghetti
sugar juice meat milk butter gum
Other cornmon non-count nouns:
money time paper music
hair homework mail news
^m9 Circle the correct verb.
U X A M IM T: The .e real ( y/ are in the bowl.
1 . The ne\ vs i s. _ are on tel evi si n lunv. -1 .
2 . Mv hnmework is ' ' , ire nished. 5 .
3 . The mail i.s_ _ arc not here yel. f> .
\pCircle the correct word for each sentence b*
and many for count nouns.)
[ X A M ' 1 . 1 : \ \ ' e don' ! hear much ' ' nuisic ./ snn^s.
1 . 1 lo\ much looii / di xhes do ihev li ave 4.
2 . ! don' t llave manv lu mt nr e / chai r s. 5 .
3 . Idon t ha\ IIHK i nmnev ' ^oi ns. 6.
snow fun
furniture love
The newspapers is./^arc outside.
Is /A r e the fruit in the refrigralo!' ?
Hovv many bananas is_ /are in the bow!?
;low. (Hnt: Use much for non-count
She doesn' t get manv mai! / letters.
Ihave too much homework / exercises.
Thev don' t eat much bread / sandwiches.
^9 Write. o or an in front of singular count nouns. Write 0 if the noun is non-count.
l' .X A Ml' IT: She eat s an apple evcr y da y.
1 . 1 need (une. 3 . She puts railk on hcr cereal.
2 . I)a\ eha. s sand\ Meh tur luiuh. (S.
3 . ! Hnnu; eat s ru \ M t h i i i s mea U. 7 .
Ithink snow is beautiful.
Make shoppiiii list befo re vou uo.
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UNIT
2 Let's Go Shopping
C H A LLE N GE 8 ^ Using the apostrophe
Example
Its ame is Sam. (the dog's ame)
Ifsonly lOdollars.
Explanaton
Use its to show possession.
Adding an apostrophe to its changes the meaning.
If s s a contraction for it is.
This is Van's money.
That's her bag.
Smetimes 's shows possession.
Sometimes 's is a contraction for is.
w* Write its or i'f/s to complete the sentence.
l . X A M P L E : \Vhere i s your new TV? K ' s _ _ _ _ i n t he bedr oom.
1 . How mucb i s i t ? $25.
2. What a p r ct t y cat . What is ame?
- * . _^_^_a good dea to put money in t he ban k.
4 . I don' t l i ke t h a t dog. teeth are big.
S . Look at the t ree. f l owe r s ar c p i n k an d w h i t e .
t he best conveni ence store i n t he ci t y.
What does the 's mean? Write p for possession. Write is for a contraction with is.
HX A M P I . E ; Shc's ver y t al l . i s
1 . The de p ar t mc n t store sel l s chi l dren' s shoes.
2. That ' s n ot my checkered s hi r t .
3. Shc's my aun t . _
1 . A my' s bas ebal l cap is red. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. He's not at home now.
6. Is t hat a men's store?
7. We shop at M ar t i n ' s Dep ar t mcn t S tore.
8. Wherc is the women's room?
9. That's a popul ar r es t aur an t .
1 0. She's bus y today.
1 1 . The baby's shoes are cute.
1 2. Gabriel a's bank is on M ai n S treet.
UNIT2
UNIT
Let's Go Shopping
CHALLENGE 7 Expressions with it
Example
How much is that sweater? It's $35.
Explanation
It can refer to a previous noun.
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What day is it? It's Tuesday.
What time is it? It's five o'clock.
How far is it to the library? It's about two miles.
It's sunny today.
It's a good idea to save money.
It's mportant to check your account.
It is also used in expressions to refer to:
Day
Time
Distance
Weather
General rules
Advice
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Complete the sentences below with It is (or It's) and the words in parentheses.
l i X A MP L U : ( i mp o r t n n t ) _/t/s_/mpotf/flf to ask about the price.
1. ( a good i dea!
2 . f a l iad dea!
3. ( i mp o i t a ) ..
4. (dam; crous! ________
_ to put your money in a bank.
to havc too many credi t cards.
to check your sales reccipts.
to tend vour cash card to a f ri end.
JComplete the sentences below using It is (or K's) or Is it
H X A M I M . l i : It's s un n v todav.
____ _. _ __ cold t o day? B: Ves, t akc your wi n t er coat.
2. - __ ___ Jan c' s b i r t h d a y l oday. Shc is 25.
3. A: l s l od.iv Tucsdav or \ \ V dnes day? B: _____ Tuesday.
4. ____ l i vc o' cl ock al i vady! \Ve can yo home.
~ \ : H o w t a r __________ lo the s t a t o n ? H : No t far .
Complete the sentences below.
hX A MP L K: Than ki n i ; your bos.s is mportant.
I . D r i n ki n g wat er ever v da y i s ver y he a l t l i y.
It's important _ to thank your bo.ss.
t o dr i n k wat er cver da.
2 . ( \ i r r yi n i ; too muc h cash is dangero ns.
__ __._ ___ _______ to car r y too much cash.
3. ( Kx ki n i ; yo ur sal es t xxci pt s i s a i;ood dea.
____ .__ _ _____ _ . .. __ ____ to check your sales receipts.
4. l av i n i ; u> o r n a n v ^ r c L t , ai xl s i s a bad i dea.
_____ _ _ .._ ____ . . _ . . . . _ to l i ave too m.my credit cards.
3. Keep i i i ; a r e ui i d ot \ o u r p i n chas es s mp o r t a n t .
___ .___ _ _ ___________ !o keep a record ot your purchases.
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UNI T
Let's Go Shoppfng
CHALLENGE 6 > Adjectives and articles
Adjectives
[ need a green shirt.
Idon't want a new dish.
The baseball cap is whte.
The book is expensive.
Ineed green shirts.
Idon't want new dishes.
The baseball caps are white.
The books are expensive.
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Adjectives describe nouns. They come before nouns or after the verb be.
Adjectives don' t have p l ura l forms.
Articles
It' s new coat. If s an od coat.
Use a before a word that begins with a consonant.
Use an before a word t ha t begins with a vowel.
If a vowel s ounds l i k e a consonant, use a, not an.
Ifs a used car.
t* 5
ffV Rewrite each s ent ence, inserting the adjectve given.
E X A M P L E : It is a pcn. ( bl ue ) /f' s a blue oen.
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
. Thev are shoes. ( e x p e ns i v e )
. Thev are short s, ( gr a v )
. It is a car. ( us e d )
. It i s a T-s hi rt . ( l a r gc )
. Thev are comput ers. ( c hc a p )
. Thev are sal espeopl e. f bus v )
f!k
<J Write a or an to complete the sentence.
E XAMP L E : Do vou need a new teicnhone?
1. Thi s is exoensive TV. 6. He needs E nel i sh di ct i ona rv.
>
, I wa nt bl ue sweater. 7. Eva wears od ha t .
3. Do vou wa nt orange sk i rt ? 8. You have easy test.
4. Thev don' t have used radio. 9. She needs ten-dollar bil.
5. This is excellent store. 10. That is sood idea.
.
UNIT
let's Go Shopping
CHALLENGE 5 - More possessive forms
Example
This is my wife's bag.
These are Duong's pants
These are the students' books.
Are these the children's shoes?
Explanation
Possessive nouns show ownership.
To form singular possessive nouns, add 's
to the singular noun.
To form plural possessive nouns, add an
apostrophe Q to the plural noun, or 's
to irregular plural nouns.
Possessive adjectives can replace possessive nouns.
Subject pronoun Possessive noun + complement Possessive adjective + complement
he
she
it
.we
you
they
Roberto's socks are blue.
Van's baseball cap s here.
The dog's dish is on the floor.
My and Julia's clothes are den.
The men's ties are striped.
My money s n the bank.
His socks are blue.
Her baseball cap is here.
Its dish s on the floor.
Our clothes are clean.
Your sweater s nice.
Their ties are striped.
The possessive adjective its does not have an apostrophe.
VV Write a possessive adjective for the possessive nouns in parentheses.
her credil card. !: ( An iy ' s ] Aniy doesn'l use
1. (Roberto' s) These are _..._ shoes.
2. ( the doj'sj Thal is _ ._ lit t le house.
3. ( my and my sistcr' s) Tliat is bedroom.
4. ( l an et ' s ) drcss is green.
5. ( yon) \Vhere are _._ .__ ehildrcn?
6. ( me) grammar is very good.
Write a possessive adjective to complete the conversations.
HXAM1 M.E: A: Can I help you?
B: Ves, 1 need clothes tur
1. A: Is ibis Koberto's sweater?
B: No, .___ sweater is black.
2. A: (aite dog! Wluit is ame?
B: I don ' t know. I t is not my dog.
3. A: Is t ha t y our di ct i on ary ?
B: No, di ct i on ary is in ni y bag.
new
4. A: Is the children's -jchool big?
B: Nn, __ school is small.
5. A: Are Gabriela' h pais new?
B: No, . pan t s are od.
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lt'f Co Shopping
CHALLENGE 4 *This, that, these, those
SINGULAR
Near
This sweater is nice.
This s your sweater.
Not Near
That sweater is nice.
That is your sweater.
PLURAL These sweaters are nice.
These are your sweaters.
Those sweaters are nice.
Those are your sweaters.
That's is a contraction of that is.
Thaf s my hat.
Read each sentence. Are the underlined words singular or plural, near or farl
l i XAMP L E : Those appl es are delicious.
1 . Thi s book i s i nt erest i ng.
2. A i e those bcjts cxpcnsive?
3. ! low much is t hat T- shi rt ?
4. What color are t hese t i cs?
5. Is thal rdress nevv?
6. These appl ej are green.
7. This vacuum cl cancr is hcavy
8. I don't like those i eans.
Singular

a
a

a
a
D
a
Plural
Q

r_)

3
a
Near
a
u
a
U
u
_l
Far
3
a
3
LJ
3

Fill in the blanks with this, that, these, or those and the correct form of be.
(1) Means the person or thing s near. (-*) Means the person or thing s far.
EXA MP L E: That is my bank.
2.
3.
4.
3.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
__ del i ci ous appl es. ( )
hcr socks. ( 1 )
a small store. ( > )
your receipts. ( )
cxpensi ve ti ckets. ( 1 )
my sister, Amy. ( 1 )
a used refri gerator. ( O
___ our od notebooks. ( i )
Roberto's checked shi rt . ( i }
a ni ce street. ( * )
'JJNIT 2
Let's Go Shoppi ng
CHALLENGE 3 Singular and plural nouns
Some plural nouns have spelling changes.
Singular Plural
dictionary
dress
potato
life
dictionaries
dresses
potatoes
lives
Rules: If the word ends i n. .
consonant + y: change y to i and add -es
sh, ch, ss, x, or z: add -es
consonant + o: add -es
fe or f: change f to v and add -es (exception: chiefs, chefs)
Some nouns have irregular singular and plural forms.
Singular Plural Explanaton
man
woman
child
person
men
women
children
people
clothes shorts pants
jeans slacks
Different word form
No singular form
rm
mf Fill in the bianks with the plural forms of the nouns given.
F . X A M l ' U : : f i n a n ) Those men . are customers.
2 . ( U u v k ) M \c doc sn ' l w r i t e
3. (wom. i n) The _.. . _ _.
4. di esel Me ilncMi t we.ir _ .
3. i sai ul u i t. l i ) \ \ ' e bu y .._
6 . ( t a x i The . . _ . . _ .
7 . [ p c n n v i have o u r
H . { w i l c ) A e t h o i r
4. ( d i s l i ) Du \ ' ou k e l i i e i' ed
l i k e to shop.
at the corwcn ien ce store.
are hi yh in this town .
, ' L t l i e supcrmark et ?
10. p c r s n n l Son i c _ _____ __
1 1 . ' e h i l J ) Those _ __ .
1 .L ( I I . I I H S ) \ \ ' h, i l col oi are y n u r _ _
13. i w al cl i l A re i hose n e \ _
14. ' l u n ehl \ \ di m' t 1- f uv < > u r , _
15 . ( t a m i l v i Su me
pay cash al l the time.
tx d hei p w i t h t l i ei r homew ork .
at school.
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Let's Go Shopping
CHALLENGE 2 * Yes/no questions with simple present tense
.,
Y
e
s
/
n
o

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u
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h

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1 need more cash.
You want a belt.
We need an English
dictionary.
They start school
on Wednesday.
She shops at the mal.
He wears ties.
The car has a radio.
Do 1 need more cash? Yes, you do. No, you don't.
Do you want a belt? Yes, 1 do. No, 1 don't.
Do we need an English Yes, we do. No, we don't.
dictionary?
Do they start school on Yes, they do. No, they don't.
Wednesday?
Does she shop at the mal? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
Does he wear ties? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
Does the car have a radio? Yes, it does. No, t doesn't.
Use do or does with questions usihg a base form verb.
Use the base form of the verb with do and does.
vv Van is answering questions about her family's shopping habits. First complete the
questions. Then complete Van's answers.
EXAMPLE: Do vou likc to shoo? Yes, / do.
] . vou havc a credit card? Ves,
2. vour hushand have a credit card? Yo,
3. vour children havc credit cards? No,
4. vou like to go to the mal? "los,
5. \our hushand likc to shop for clot1ies? \- > ,
6. vour children like to shop tor clotncs? Yes,
7. vour familv izo to the supermarkct cvcr\ wcrk? Ye.s,
8. vou buv
\JWrite a question u;
EXAMPLE: you / have / a re
I . she / use / an umbrclla
2. Eva and Doug / go to the
3. you / like / used cars
4. I / need / a ncw refrigera!
5. we / have / cash
6. he / work / here
used cars? No,
ing do or does.
d shirt Do you have a red shirt?
mal
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UNIT
Let's Go Shopping
CHALLENGE 1 Spelling changes in the third person
Subject
REGULAR FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Affirmative Negative
l/You/We/They
He/She/lt
Example
wear
wears
don't wear
doesn't wear
Complement
red sweaters.
green shoes.
SPELLINC CHANGES
Explanation
She washes the dishes.
He buys lunch.
He worries about me.
When the verb
When the verb
When the verb
and add -es.
ends
ends
ends
in ss, sh, ch, or
n a vowef +y.
in a consonant
!
(
8
~ 3
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x, add -es.
add
+ y.
an -s.
change the y
.
to i
P
Wrte the correct form of the third person singular.
E X A MP L E : s e l l sells
1 . pay 4. watch
2. t e a ch _ 5. s t udy
6. cis e
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3. c a r r v
J Read the story. Write the correct form of the verb.
HX A M F L I - : My
I l e a l wa vs
He
be for e
He
( 3. hu y , m
he ^
u r a r u l fa t l u T teaches
( t e a c h)
a l i s t whe n
( 1 , nukci
3
t h i n u s he
; y a ( i v c ) ( 4 . nml ,
, " I ' ! l t a ke i t . " M v
6. s a y ) J
.
ca s h.
me aboirt
he
monty. \>
(2. \bop) JV/
\\e ' \t the ori ces
ne g a t i ve )
g randfather
\( S. l ook)
a e r e di t car d.
( 7. havc, ne g a t i vo)
( S. p a y .
). listen)
bu l
1 1 . use, neg ativo)
U) my g raiul fathcr. 1
t a lot. Mv hrothcr
a credit eard.
(1 0.carry)
to his advice. He
(1 2. listen, negativeJ
a lot o monev, bul he J
( 1 3. ma ke ) (14. p u t , ne g a t i vo)
t o e xp e ns i v e s tore s . My g r a nd fa t ne r
mone y i n t he ba n k. I le
about m\.
( 16 . woiry)
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1 Talkng wth Other s

-g CHALLENGE 8 Simple present tense

1*
^K^^l Subject Base form Complement
I
ot
t_ *
- 1 lke music.
* *
"o. You
I
I V V e
They
1 do not like TV .
I Y o u don't like
We
_ They
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8.
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Subject Base form+ s Complement
He likes music.
She
It
He does not like TV .
She doesn't like
It
Some verbs add -es in the third person singular.
1 go to work, - She ges to work. 1 do my homework. - She does her homework.
To formthe negatve, use do or does + not and the base formof the verb.
JChoose the correct form of the present t
\MIM.H: Thccar a radio. A. 1
\V e Lnulish in the evcnn^. A. j
Theehildren TV. A. \a ( ap e s e . A. s
Silvia to work ai 8:00. A. _
My sisjrs .. in Boston A. 1
The cal TV . A. 1
Yon homework in the morning. A. L
I books. A. 1
J Change each sentence to the negative fo
\MPLH; Minh speaks Iini>lis!i ili class. _Mn
Leo does homework cver v niiht. '
Minhand" Leo listen to the teacher.
Minh checks her work.
Leo likes his classmales.
Minh particpales in class.
Minh and Leo studv at lime.
I pr actice Fnjilish on the weekend.
Minh and Leo watch TV in Enulish.
Yon talk to Leo.
Leo answers questions.
ense. Fill in the correct bubbl.
1 \
ave B.has 1 Q)
r actice B. pr aclices /1 v ") O
vatch B. watchc/f \ O
peak B. spcaj/\ O
H, ^, 1 p\
ve B. liiesN/\ O
ke H. li^A V O C
o B. do^'s ^ C.) O
ke B. likes QQ
rrrj. \ r\ dpeirt' speak English in class.
^
UNIT
1 T a l k n g w t h Ot h ers
CHALLENGE 7 The verb Aove
Subject Verb Example Negative verb Example
1, you, we, they
he, she, it
Tener
nave
has
1have short, black hair.
She has long hair.
don't have
doesn't have
1 don't have long, brown hair.
She doesn't have short hair.
o
G rel e the correct form of the verb nove.
EXAMPLE: Barbara Qocsn't have)/ don't have curly hair.
1 . Radek has / havc f our chil dr en.
2. Jad/.iu doesn'l havo / don't have any children.
3. \Ve has / have thr ee brothers.
- 1. Kadek and I xloesn't havc / don't have any sisters.
5. You doe_sni have / don' t have a wil e.
( > . lad/.ia and Yi l ek hin_e_L_has short black hair.
7, I doesivLhaye./^joji'l ha_ye lon^, bloiulluir.
S. ' l ' l ie whol e i'amly has / have bl ack ha i r and brown oyes.
9. You has^/ have brown oyes, too.
1 0. I ha y e _ ^ha s cur l y. brown ha i r .
O
.
Wrte the correct form of have in each senten
H X A M I M . H : l'avcl _/I fl$__ _ crl y, blond hair.
1 . \Ne (negativc) _ _ red hair.
2. Mar ket a _ __ sl r a i g hl , bl ond hair.
bl ue eves. I 'ave i and Mar keu
4. Tliey
3. I 'avel
brown evos.
f i. Mar keta
7. Pavel
< S. You
one hroiher and two sisters.
__ three chi l dr en.
anv chil dren.
a nice (aniv
V. ! _ a tal! husbaml .
1 0 . Mar keta inc^tinr/ a l ather.
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U N I T
1 T a l k i n g with Others
CHALLENGE 6 > Wh- questions with be
Wh- word
What
Where
When
Who
How
What +noun
What color
What time
How + adjective
How od
Se
is
are
s
is
are
Se
are
is
Se
is
Complement Answer
your name?
you from?
your birthday?
she?
you?
My name is Tatsuya.
l'm from J apan.
My birthday is in April.
She's my sister.
l'm fine, thanks.
Complement Answer
your eyes?
it?
They're blue.
It's 4:00.
Complement Answer
your car? It's f^years od.
Use wh- questions to get information.
The verb be agrees with the subject of the sentence.
What is your name? .What are your ames?
Write a question to match each answer.
EXAMPLE: \ Vhat is your son's name?
1 . What
2 . _ Who
3. What
4. What
5. How
6. What .
7. Where
8. Wh o_
9. How
1 0. Where
1 1 . How
1 2 . Whcn .
1 3. What .
1 4. Where
* ,,
- o Itora
son's ame is J ul i o.
It 's 6:00.
She is my sister.
Hi. s address is 1 33 lilm St reet .
Mario's h a i r i s hrown.
1 am 31 ye'ars od.
Hi s hair is b i ack.
They are from Australia.
He's my t eacher.
l'm fine, t hank you.
She is at work.
My wife is 2 5 v ean od.
Thci r b i rt hday is today.
My dog is b rown.
\Varsaw i s in Poland.
UNIT
Taiking with Others
CHALLENGE 5 Possessive adjectives
Subject Nouit or pronoun + Possessive adjective + noun + complement
pronoun complement
1
you
we
he
she
it
they
1 have a brother.
You have a nice sister.
We have a new teacher.
Roberto has blue eyes.
Gabriela has blond hair.
The dog has short legs.
Silvia and Roberto have a dog.
My brother is six years od.
Your sister is happy today.
Our teacher is from Canad.
His eyes are big.
Her hair s long.
Its eyes are brown.
Their dog is friendly.
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Use possessive adjectives to talk about what people have or own.
Use his for men and bovs. Use her for women and eirls.
pubbtiive dujeLuvtib tu idiK. duuui wiidi pcupic nave
his for men and boys. Use her for women and girls.
Roberto is taiking about his family. Complete each sentence with a possessive adjective.
HXAMP1.1Z: I have a lovcly wifc. Her ame is Silvia.
1. 1 have two children. __ childrcn are in high school,
2. My son is 17.
3. My daughter is 15. .
4. lu n and ( " arla both have nice eyes.
5.' My wile has nice eyes, too.
ame is Juan.
ame is Carla.
eyes are brown.
6. My W ile and ( " arla both have long hair.
7. You have five sisters and two brolhers?
S, Mv Msler and 1 are studcnts at the A dull School.
eyes are green.
hair is black.
family is large!
Complete the paragraph with a possessive pronoun.
F X A M l ' I . H : MY _ ame is Helena.
This is a phoio o _ family. This is iny daughter. __\
Ana has two children, R osalina and l.ui/ . They are twins, a girl and a boy.
studenls.
ame is Ana.
hirthdav is
st S. Rosahna has hlue ees and
;
hair is red. Lu/, has brown eyes and
._ hair is brown. Rosalina likes movies and books.
about tamily lite. Lu/, loves dog. He takes _
tavorilc books are
(6)
( 8)
dav. Mv husband and 1 love family. We think
10)
dog to the park every
_ grandehildren are
ver y Miiart and good-lookini;. O\, they t hi n k
luokini;, too! Po vou have a picture o| _
1 1 2)
( 1 1 )
family?
grandpurents are smart and good-
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CP
Talking with Others
CHALLENGE 4 - Yes/no questions with the verb be
Statement Question Affirmative answer 'Negative answer
Iam late.
He is Mexican.
She is from Vietnam.
It is 4:30.
We are early.
You are a student.
They are friends.
Am 1 late?
Is he Mexican?
Is she from Vietnam?
Is t 4:30?
Are we early?
Are you a student?
Are they friends?
Yes, you are.
Yes, he is.
Yes, she is.
Yes, it is.
Yes, we are.
Yes, 1 am.
Yes, they are.
No, you aren't.
No, he isn't.
No, she isn't.
No, it isn't.
No, we aren't.
No, l'm not.
No, they aren't.
To ask yes/no questions, put a form of be before the noun or pronoun.
Every question ends in a question mark (?),
Chen is a new student in Roberto's English class. Use the words to write her
questions. Then write Roberto's answer.
r X A MP L F : 1 / in your class Chen: .AffLa^OUr C/ass?_ . .
Roberto; Yes,
1. we / i n Mr. noVs class Chen:
Rober to: Yes,
Chen:
2. he / f r i c n d l y
3. you / tVom Argenti na
4. Duonganii Nam /
[apese
5. the cl s-s / un
6. it / 5:00
7. we / l ate for class
8. the hooks / good
9. Felipe / your brother
10. the class / short
Rober to: Yes,
Chen: ___
Roberto: No,
Chen:
Rober to: No,
Chen:
Rober to: Yes,
Chen: .
Roberto: Yes,
Chen:
Rober to: No,
Chen: ___
Rober to: Yes,
Chen:
Roberto: No,
Chen:
Roberto: No,
UNIT
1 Talking with Others
CHALLENGE 3 Negative forms of the verb be
Example
1 am French. 1 am not American.
Silvia s a student. She is not my teacher.
They are here. They are not at work.
Explanation
Add not aftr the verb be to make a
sentence negative.
A contraction can be made with the negative form of be.
I am has one form, but the others have two.
Full form
1 am not
He s not
She is not
It s not
You are not
We are
They are not
Contraction 1
He isn't
She isn't
It isn't
You aren't
We aren't
They aren't
Contraction 2
I'm not
He's not
She's not
If s not
You're not
We're not
The/re not
Complete each sentence with the negative form of be. Use the full form.
E X A M P L E : Eva is l ' ol ish. She _ is not Ger mn.
5. Y ou are early. Y ou ;
Complement
a student.
at work.
my sister.
my phone number.
polite.
sad.
marred.
1. Du ong is divorced. ! le
2. Eva is short. She
marrcd.
t al l .
3. My oyes are groen, They
4 . My h ai r s s l r a i g h t . I t _
blu e.
6. We are sisters. We
7. I am at work. I
l ate,
cou sins.
eu rl y. 8. They are Cu ban. They
at home.
. _ . Mexican.
Rewrite each sentence using a negatve contraction of be. There may be more than
one answer.
E X A M P L E : He is not from Chi na.
1. We aro not divorced.
2. Sho is not wi t h her sistor.
3. I t is not on the map.
4 . They ar e not in t he par k.
5 . I am not tall.
t . You are not sl u dent s.
7. They are not S lvia's par ent s.
8. I t is not Car l as co mpu t en
9. She is not in my Hngl i sh cl ass.
10. We are not singl o.
11. He is not bald.
12. Y ou are not l ate.
We's no from China, or He isn't from China.
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U N I T
1 T a l k n g w t h Ot hcrs
C H A L L E N G E 2 > The verb be
Subject Se
1 am r *
H e/She/lt is
G abriel a
T hebook
WeA ou/They are
The teachers
The com puters
The verb be always agrees with the
There are contractions (short form s)
Full form Contracted form
1 am l'm
He is He's
She is She's
It is If s
C om pl em ent
from Mxico.
here.
nice.
subject of the sentence.
for subject pronouns and the verb be:
Full form C ontracted form
.
You are You're
We are We're
They are They're
vl v Fil l in the bl ank with the correct form of be.
E XA MPL E : Mv nele ;s bald.
1 . She m arried.
2. Thev ood friends.
3. Roberto and I students.
4. I a teacher.
5. Mv citv on the m ap.
\J Write a contraction with be to
Dialog 1
Roberto: A m I late?
G abriela: No, you' re earlv.
Roberto: What tim e is it?
Dialog 2
Tatsuya: H i. My am e is Tatsuya.
FeH pp* H i. Felipe. WWp
6. The teacher froni C anad.
7. Mv brother and s ster al vvork.
8. I t a f ri e n dl vca t .
9. We in the park.
10. You six feettal l .
com plete each conversation.
Dialog 3
Duong: H o\ od are you?
A va; . l Ovearsol d.
Duong: H ow od is your brother?
A va: six.
Dialog 4
Tatsuya: Is she your sister?
are vnu from ? Fva: A na? Oh, no m v
T nKuva: frm l apan. A nd yon? fri end, od friends.
Frl i np- l'm from Cuba. nir* - 1^ -n^t VO11
UNIT
Talking with Others
CHALLENGE 1 Subject pronouns
Noun Subject pronoun
the man
my mother
the map
the dog
my friend and 1
the students
the shoes
1
He
She
It
It
We
You (singular)
You (plural)
They
They
X

Complement
am happy.
s married.
has curly hair.
is new. : f . !,
is friendly.
speak Spanish.
are a good friend.
are good friends.
are new students.
are brown.
1, he, she, it, we, you, they are subject pronouns. They replace nouns.
You is both singular and plural.
It is used for singular nouns (animis and things).
They is used for plural nouns (people, animis, and things).
^^m
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Roberto s talking about his English class. Write the correct pronoun in each blank.
EXAMI ' LI : : Hi, my ame is Roberto. _ / am very happy in my new class.
1 . Ilu' Ieacher is Mrs. Kd ward s.
2, Mv class males 'and I work liard.
$ , Rjeko ani.jj4jsi.iyn are from Japan.
i. Pellpe is a young man.
5. I lke ihHiooks in mv class.
is very kind.
are good students.
_are nice.
el
har
l K e
v - C
6. The l eacher give.s us ioj3iew_or.k.
7. Dinmg and Nam are my classmates.
8. Na ni s a nice min.
is nol married.
are very ineresting.
is d iff cult .
are from Vietnam.
--oes
9. Gabriela is not Mexican.
1 0 . ( abr i l a and [ speak Spanish. B ut
t
1 1 . You are r oni PoJand.
1 2. Theschool is nice.
has children.
is from Argentina.
speak English in class.
_ hclp me in class.
.
fs bi'g and new:
help me with my homework.
1 4. My w i fe and f pr act ico Hnglish at lime. . listen to the radio.
13. .\y_chjjc}rcn speak lngh'sh well.
1 4. \\y wi f e and 1 pract ico Eng
1 5. Xbe^cjass is in ihe e ven i ni;. srarts at 6:00,
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UNIT
Our Community
CHALLENGE 3 Requests with can - S
..o
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A
Question Possible response
Can you giveme directions to the hotel?
Can we visit you at your home?
Can you help me?
Sure.
Of course.
No problem.
Yes, we can.
Certainly.
S orry.
Use can plus a base verb to make requests.
Can doesn't change for a singular or plural subject
Complete each conversation by writing a question with can.
LXAMPLli: A: yon/ Mgn/ thisletter Can you sign this etter?
B: Su re. Do you have a pen?
1 . A: I / us e / your a>mpu t er
li: No prohl em. I ' m not u, s ing it now.
1. \: I / cali / you / back __________
H: Of cours e.
3. A: vou / hel p / me / get a l i br a r y card
li: Sure. Ri g l n a f t e r l u nch.
4. A: you / give / me / di r ect i ons / to City Hall
li: I fs two hloeks s t rai yht ahead.
5. A: we / vi s i t / your s i s i er / in the hos pi t al
B: Sure. Shc \ \ a n t s t o have vi s i t ors .
You have a problem. How can you ask for help? Write a letter in the blank to match
each situationto a request
Request
a. Can you give me di rect i ons to the post of f ice?
b. Can you give me so me change?
c. Can you cali the doctor?
d. Can I have your phone number?
jt? Can I leave a message?
f. Can you come over af t er clas s ?
g. Can you drive me?
Problem
I - X A M PI . i ' . Vour t r end' s t at he r ans wers t he phone.
Your ( Viend is n't tliere. e
1 Vour s hnppiui; bai;s urv hc.ivv.
2. Vou i l ot i ' t have a ^ ar .
3. \\n\e si ck. . _
4. Vou \ vant to phone me. __
3. Vou \ van i t o mai l a l et t er .
h. Vou want s omet hini; ^weet.
7 . Vou want vovi r I r i ei u l U v i s i t your home.
S. You don' t l l ave t o i n s t o r t he hu\
h. Can we stop at the candy store?
. Can you help me carry these?
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Our Commiinfty
CHALLENGE 4 K Frequency adverbs
Example
My husband is always late for work.
The y are never at home .
She always has e ggs for breakfast
We sometimes play in the park. -
Sometimes, 1 go f i s h i n g on weekends.
How often do you se e movie s?
Do you e at the re often?
Whe re do you usually buy gifts?
Do you usually take the bus?
Explanation
Put fre que ncy adve rbs (always, usually, often,
sometimes, rarely, never) afte r the ve rb be and
be fore main ve rbs.
Some time s can start a se nte nce .
Use How often, often, or the fre que ncy adve rb
usually to ask que stions about habits.
o
Read the conversation between Gabriela and Rosa. Write the correct form of the verb
and add the frequency adverb. Pay attention to word order.
Ros a: Exc us e me. I'm n ew i n th i s n ei gh borh ood. Can I as k you s ome c j u es t i o n s ?
Gabri el a: Of cours e. Wh at do you wan t to kn ow?
Rosa: Whcrc do you ( E X A MP L E : buy, u s u a l l y) usually buy c l o t l i es ?
0 1 1 s a l e. Gabri el a: I li ke Cas ual Woman i n th e mal . Th ei r c l o th es ( 1 . be, o f t e n ) _ _ _
Rosa: How abo u t mcn 's cloth es ? My h us ban d needs to buy s u i t s an d l i es .
Gabri el a: My h us ban d ( 2 . wear, rarely) s u i ts . M u I t h i n k Reeds s el K t h em.
Rosa: Where can I buy groceri es?
Gabri el a: I go to Sam's Market. It's on El m Street. Th ei r f r u i l an d veg etabl es ( 3. be, a l wa y s }
f res h. But I ( 4. buy, n ever) ._ _ f i s h t h ere.
Rosa: Why n ot?
(abri cla: Well, my h us ban d and I (5. eat, of ten )
Sailor's Catch is better. And it's ri ght here on Broadway.
Rosa: My f ami l y (. eat, s ometi mes )
f i s h f o r di n n er . Th e L S I at
f i s h . Bu t we l i ke s l eak better.
Gabri el a: The food (7. be, always)
My h us ban d and I (8. go, someti mes)
togcth er some ti me.
Rosa: OK ! Th an ks a lot.
Gabri el a: See you aro u n d th e n ei gh borh ood!
df l i c i o u s .it Bl o o mf i el d Sl eakh o u s e.
on th e weeken d. I.et' s o
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UN1T
5
O u r Co mmu ni t y
CHALLENGE 5 Time expressions with simple present and
present continuous tenses
Common time expressions
Simple present
always, usually, often,
sometimes, r a r el y , never ,
every (week), once a (month), twice a (week),
on weekends, on (Tuesdays),
allthe time
Present continuous
right now, now, at the moment
today, tonight
this (morning), this (week)
these days, nowadays
Example
I often stay at the Red Carpet Hotel.
He sometimes goes to the gym on Fridays.
I go to the dentist twice a year.
We take a drive on weekends.
You study English all the time.
Right now he is washing the dishes.
Today l'm taking care of the cat.
This week we are painting the bedroom.
These days l'm studying Japanese.
Time expressions can help you choose the correct verb tense.
o
Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. Fill in the bubble completely.
A. uses
A. io
ii, is us i n g
B, a r e v ; oin i;
B. is v i s U i n u
A B
O
o o
o o
HXAMPU : : Da v i d a l wa y s t he I n t e r n e t a t mg ht .
1 . The kkK n ev er ___ t o t he pl a y gr ouml .
1. Ma n ue l a _ _ her a un ! t on i ght .
3. At ihe momen t , my pa r en t s ___ t hei r expenses. A. ea k'ul a te B. a r e ca l e ul a t i n ^ O O
4. 1 l e . his iloi; t n t he pa r k on \Vednesda y s a i l S.Uuixl a y s. A. ta kes B. is l a ki i n ; O O
5. Somet i mes , we _._ soecer. A. pl a y
f > . 1 o l t e n t r i e n ds a t t he ma l . A. n i eet
7. Sl i e i n t he I ms pi t . U t h i s week. A. s t a y s
S. Mv l a t h e i ' on t he phon e now. A. t a l k s
9. Ra m n t he bus ev er v da \'. A. t a kes
B. a r e pk i v n ^ O O
B. a m me e t i n v ; O O
B. is s L i y i n i ;
B. i,s t a l k i n i ;
B. i s t a k i n v ;
o o
o o
o o
I I ) . a n i essa ^e on t he a n s wi / r i n g ma c hi n e mm. A. l ea v e B. a m l ea v mi : O O

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5"
Our Communfty
C H A L L E N G E 6 * Wh- questions in simple present and
present continuous tenses
Simple present
What books do you bring to class?
When do you usually go to work?
Where does she live?
How does he usually practce Englsh?
How much money does he make?
How many people do they cali every week?
Why do you say that all the time?
Present continuous
What books are you bringing to class today?
When are you working these days?
Where is she living now?
How s he practcng English at the moment?
How much money is he making now?
How many people are they calling today?
Why are you sayng that?
Wh- questions that ask about habits and routines can only be used in the simple present.
How often do you go to the city? What do you usually wear to work?
Other wh- questions can be in the simple present or present continuous.
Use the words in parentheses to write questions in the simple present or the present
continuous. The time expressions will help you choose the correct tense.
n X A M P L H : ( t a k e ) I low oflcn does he
1 . ( g et ) V ou r hicy cle U brok en ? H ow _
2 . ( c a r r y ) Why _____ she _
3. ( b u y ) Where _ y on u su a lly _____
l ) When _
take t he bu s?
vou
a ma p a ll t he t ime?
ca rds?
t o school t oda v?
4. people
5. ( sp en d) H ow mu c h mon ey y ou u su a lly
6. ( vi si t ) H ow of t en Ga briela t he 700?
t heir f irst drivcr' s licen se t hese da y s?
__ a t t he rest a u ra n ! ?
7 . ( t a k e) H o\ mu c h t ime _ it
8. ( sc n d) H ow vou u su a llv
t o g et t o t he mu sc u m?
9. ( st u dy ) Where
1 0. ( look ) \ V ha t
Ra mn
_ p. ick a g es t o y ou r first c ou n t r y ?
rig ht n ow?
vou f or n ow?
1 1 . ( st a y ) H ow ma n y people __
1 2. ( g o) I low of t en you
1 3. ( dr i vc ) \ V hv Da vid
in t he host el t his weck ?
t o t he movies?
1 4 . ( ha ve) 1 low ma n y t elephon e n u mhers
1 5. ( l i k e ) Whv vou
t o t he ma l rig ht n ow?
t hey ?
t ha l c lot hin g st ore?
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Our Commun ty
CHALLENGE 7
Simple present
Yes/no questions in simple present and
present continuous tenses
Do need furniture?
Does he have a pool?
Does t have a porch?
Do you usually pay bilis
on Monday?
Do you want a garage?
Answer
Yes, you do.
Yes, he does.
No, it doesn't.
No, we don't
No, 1 don't.
Present continuous
Am 1 smltng in the photo?
Is he visting a friend?
Is she walking the dog on
Crand Street?
Are you wrting a letter?
Are they usng the Internet?
Answer
No, you're not.
Yes, he s.
No, she sn't.
No, I'm not.
Yes, they are.
B) -<
s I vi A
e
ais
8 ?
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O (A
Write a short answer for each question below.
L i X A . M P I . E ; Do you shop at thc Sports Runner?
\. Does the motel have a est aurant ?
2 . Do t he c ust omc r s use er ed i t card s?
3. I s she v i si t i n i ; her moni n the hospi t al ?
4. A r e you par k i ni ; t hc car on t hc cr ner ?
5. Does she li ke worki i i ; outsi d e?
h. I s vour son s wi mmi n g i n t he pu b l i c pool now?
Yes. Ido.
No,
Yes,
No,
Yes,
No,
Yes,
9 Write the yes/no question for each answer. Use the same tense.
l-XAM IM.l: O: i you) Do you need to go to City Half?
:\: Ves, 1 need to o to ( t H a l l .
A : No, M i g u e l i s wa i t i n i ; on t he eorner.
2 . O: i s i s t e n
A: No, vour b rot her has a lkvn.se.
3. Q: l a l h e r t _. _
A : No, yon ar e l eavm^ , a mess. i i ; e.
4. O: i we) __^^_
A : No, G a b r i e l a need s some i n t o r ma t i o n .
3. O: ' vour s t r e e t ) _ . ._
A : No, i t i s noi sy on her st r e e t .
(x ( v Ramn i
A : No, Van i s e , u i m; a t Uoseo\
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UNIT
Our Community
CHALLENGE 8 > Expressions with do and make
do the dishes, do the laundry i
do the shopping, do the cleaning
do exercises (at the gym)
do exercises (in your workbook)
do (the) homework
do a good/bad Job
make the bed
make breakfast/lunch/dinner
make a reservation, make an appointment
make a decisin, make a phone cali
make a list
make money, make noise
S ome expressions use do. Others use make.
S he does the dishes. He makes the beds.
Filt in the blanks with the correct form of do or make.
E X A M P L E : Picase do the dishes af t er you use t he ki t chen.
1. I usudlly the shopping. 6. Wc o u i" homewor k toiiether.
2. Can you
3. Who usual l y
4. Wc
5. Who
an appointment f or me?
dinner in your f ami l y?
a list bcf or e we shop.
_ the cl eani ng in your house?
7 . .1 deci s i n .I t ' s gel t i n i l at e.
8. We neeil t n . t he l ai mdr v .
9.
1 0 . I nev er
, i good ol on t h e pr u i e c l .
a t l e r 1 eal .
Complete the conversation using an expression with do or make from the chart
abo ve.
E X A M P L E : A: Mom, I don' t hav e clean socks. B; Do the laundry!
l: You1 re r ght._.
B: You need to
1. A: That hotel is usually full.
2. A: I don' t know what class to take.
3. A: When can I see the doctor ?
4. A: Is the baby sleeping?
5. A: The r ef r iger ator is empty.
6. A: Do we hav e homewor k t onight ?
7 . A: Why do you have two Jobs?
8. A: We need to buy so many things! B: Then it' s a good idea lo __
B: You need to cal i and
B: Yes.Picase don' t
B: We need to _
B:
B: I need to .
on page
to pay t or school.
first.
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UNIT
6 Health and Ftness
CHALLENGE 1 Indefinita and defnite arricies
Example
I have a headache.
She needs to take an aspirin.
There is an accident.
The doctor is an honest man.
The hospi t al is f ar .
The entrance is over there. (There s
only one entrance in the buding.)
There s an accident. The accident is
on Creen St.
She has the measles/the flu.
Explanation
A and an (ndefnite articles) mean one.
Use an before words that begin with a vowel
or vowel sound.
Use a or an when the noun is one of many.
Use a or an when the noun s being introduced
for the first time.
The (definite article) can be used with singular
or plural nouns.
Use the when the noun refers to only one
specific noua
Use the when the subject is known to both the
speaker and the listener or the subject has already
been mentioned.
The can be used with ames of something specific.
Write the indefinite article a or an.
E X A MP U - : o backache
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1 . o p e r a i nr
2 . ._ _ d o c t o r
3. _ . e a r a ch e
i ' 1 1
4 . i l l nc s s
5.
6.
7.
8.
h e a r t a t t a ck
a l l cr g y
r ohbcr y
. e me r g e ncy
9.
10.
11.
12.
f e ver
ele val or
ambulancc
wh e e l ch a i r
Complete each dialog with a, an, or the.
I ' . : A: l - x e us e me , wh cr e ar e _the _ pay phone s ?
B : Th e y ar e ne a r the r est r ooms.
1. A: 1 wa nt t o buv . t h e nno me l e r .
'* : l ' r y _ ^_ _ _ d r ug Mur e i n t h e m a l .
2 . . A: l) 1 1 . \ Y h a t i s \ n u r e me r g e ncy : '
B : ' " her e's h t v.
A: \ V h e r e i s t i r e ?
3. A: Wh . i f s t h e m a t t e r
1^: I h a ve l i e a t l a e h e a nd
1. A: I h a ve . 1 t e ve r and ni v bod\
B : Ma vl i e vou h a \ t l u.
t l i r o a t .
5. A: I s t hcr e pl i ce s t a t o n ne ar her e?
B: Yes, t her e is. Do yo u need t r a ns p o r t a t i o n 1
A; No, t h a nk yon. I have car .
6. A: Do you dr i ve a mbul a nt e or
f i r e t r uck?
B: I dr ive f ir e t r uck.
7. A: Ex cuse me. I necd to t ake t h i s me di ci ne ,
but I can't r ead labe!.
B: I can r ead it f or vou.
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UNIT
Health and Ftness
CHALLENGE 2 t Should for advice
Affirmative
We should exercise every day.
He should cali 9.11.
You should drink that water.
They should take this medicine.
Negative
t shouldn't exercise today.
He shouldn't cali 911.
You shouldn't drink that water.
They shouldn't take this medicine.
Use should and should not with the base form of the verb to give advice or a warning.
Shouldn't is a contraction of should not
Should does not change when it is.used with he, she, or it.
Change the affirmative statements to negative statements using a contraction.
rXAMPLK: They should exercise tonight. They shouldn't exe/X/se t onight .
] . He should rest on the sof. _
2. We should c a li the pli c e. _ ._. _
3. Yo u shoul d ta ke medi c i ne. ._ ._.
4. They should kc c p the medi c i ne on the shelf. _.
5. We should dri nk hot lea . ._ -_ _ _ _ _ __. _ __.. _
6. She should worry a bout hc r da ughtc rs hea lth.
Match each medical probiem and emergency with the best advice.
Probiem
HX A M 1 M .E : I'm c oughi ng a ll the ti me. h
1 . I t hi nk there i s a fi re.
2. Ho\ muc h medi c i ne should I ta ke?
3. I t hi nk 1 ha ve the flu.
4. I wa nt to exerc i se but my leg hurts.
5. \e a sore throat.
t> . There a re ma ny robberi es i n my nei ghborhood
a lter da rk.
7. I need qua rters for the pa y phone.
H. I ha v e a tootha c he.
Advice
a . You shoul d see a denl i st .
h. Yon shoul d a .sk your doc tor.
c. Yon shoul dn' t \\'.i k a lone a l ni j ht .
d. Yon shoul d .stny i n hed toda y.
c . You shoul dn' t o to the gyni toda y.
f. You should c a li 91 1 .
g. You should t r v the.se i hroa t lo/ .engc .s.
)t(. Yt) u should t a ke soni c c ough sv rup.
. You should gel eha ti gu a l (he i i i i t i r ni a t l on dc sk
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Health and Ftness
CHALLENGE 3 Yes/no questions with should
S tatemen!
1 should cali the doctor.
Vien should take a nap.
They should go home.
Question
Should I cali the doctor?
Should Vien take a nap?
Should they go home?
Short answer
Yes, you should. No, you shouldn't.
Yes, he should. No, he shouldn't.
Yes, they should. No, they shouldn't.
St udent : It's not an emergency.
1 . Plice O t ucr: There is t i re i n a t al ! b u i l d i n g. f t ak e / we / the elevator)
S t u d e n t : No, We should tak e the stairs.
v A plice offcer is visiting a hgh school. He is asking students about emergency
situations. Write his questions and the students' short answers.
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I - XAMP I . K: Pl i ce Ot'f icer: You can't f ind your wal l et . (cal i / you / 91 1 )
d+f^mmt^J .*** ~^mii f l l 1 " J
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2. Pl i ce Ot ' f i ver: You are at a p art y. You don't have money f or a taxi, (you / cali / 91 1
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Sl ude nl : No, j You can borrow money f rom a f 'riend.
3. Pl i ce Oi'F iccr: Rosa sees ,t car acei dcnt . (she / b ri ng / the driver / to the hosp i t al )
St ude nt : No, She should cali an amb ulancc.
St udcnt : Yes. He should stav calm.
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?. Plice OTiccr: '1 here i.s a ue in schoo. (the students and teachers / go back / in the building / to get
St u d cn t : No, It's very dangerous.
(v Pl i ce Ot f i ce r : A d r i v e r h i t s . i not h e r car. (d n v e r s / cxchange / insurance i nf ormat i on)
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S t u d e n t : Ycx And they should wait f or the p lice.
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UNIT
6 Health and Fftncsf
| CHALLENGE 4> Wh- questions with sAou/rf
r^^HQuestion
*
g What should Tino do?
Jj What entrante should 1 use?
When should she make an appointment?
i How long should1 stay n bed?
S HOW much medicine should they take?
Possible answer
He should cali 911.
You should use the front entrance.
She should make an appointment today.
You should stay n bed all morning.
They should take one tablespoon.
Cj Complete the question wth a word or phrase from the box. Use each only once.
How much How many How long
F.XAMPLE: Where should I pick up th
1. should cal] the amhulancc?
When ' \%bef Whn \Yh.u
j prescription?
2. water should I drink with the medicine?
3. remedies are good for a stom
A. pills should I take?
achache?
5. should mv son go back to school?
6. should she stav n a wbeelchair?
\J Antonio has the flu and has questions for his doctor. Use the prompts to write
questions using should and the pronoun /.
EXAMPLE: what time / take / mv medicine What time should 1 take mv medicine?
I. when / cali / the health insurance company
2. what / cat / today
3. how often / take / my temperatura
4. how long / stay / in bed
5. how much / cough medicine / take
6. when / make / my next appointment
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UNIT 6
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UNIT
6 Health and Fitness
!^H
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CHALLENGE 5 Gerunds and infinitives
Verb
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Verbs followed by infinitives
want, need, learn
wait, hope, plan
Verbs followed by gerunds
enjoy, practica
Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
like, love, hate
begin, start
5 Choose the correct word to complete
: XAM!M Li: Does she enj ov ?
1 . Osear noeds __ M>me medicine.
2. Tien i.s waitini; ___ the doctor.
- t *
Example ^^Bfl
We want to go home. j
He hopes to get well soon. .
Do you need to fmd an elevator? $
He enjoys drving an ambulance.
Does she practice asking the nurse questions?
Ana bates to go to the doctor.
Ana bates going to the doctor.
When do you usually start exercising?
When do you usually start to exercise?
each sentence. Fill n the bubble completely.
A B
A. to swim B. swimming O ^
A. to take B. taking O O
A. to see B. seeing O O
3. Ayumi \ vants hcr sick triend. A. to visit B. visiting O O
4. P arcnts learn medicino aw.iv (rom their children. A. to keep B. keeping O O
5. Shc plan. s _ a doctor.
fv \Vo pr acti co 1 > 1 1 ni l'nglish class.
7. Karen hopos weighl.
,S. Do [ need inv tempcraUre ag. iin?
< ) . 1 cnj ov my tr i ei i ds .u the i'eMaurarit.
0. \re vtni planning !< > 1 loncl.i?
1 . '[' ley Invc altor \ \ ork.
i 2. Yon st ar t e\ er v fanuarv.
A. to become B. bccoming O O
A. tocall B. calling O O
A. to lose B. losing O O
A. to takc B. taking O O
A. to meet B. meeting O O
A. togo B. going O O
A. to exercise B. exercise O O
A. to dict B. diet O O
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U N I T
6 Health and Fftnef*
8 j i CHALLEN GE 6 t Review: Se and simple present tense statements
j
S. 1 am a doctor.
He/She/lt is tired.
.1 You/We/T hey are in the hospital.
g She takes throat lozenges.
1 He needs cough syrup.
I t sits in the window.
.2 She lies in bed with a fever.
ttt
Mr. Roberts goes to medical school.
I t has a broken leg.
I 'm not healthy.
T hey don't want to exercise.
He doesn't feel sick.
Remember
' - :
T he verb be must agree with the subj ect noun orpronoun.
T here is an s in the third person singular.
Be careful of spelling changes in the third person singular.
Some verbs are irregularin the third person singular.
T o make a negative,
Add do not (don't)
add not to be.
or do not (doesn't) to otherverbs.
wiW Fll in the simple present tense. U se the negative form if indicated.
i:XAMl'Lli: (hur, negative) Mvfeet don't hur
1 . (trv)She
2. (exercise, negative) Mvhusband
3. (en) Mr. N gvuen
4. (hurt) Ouch! Mvarm
5. (be) Headaches
6. (have, negative} She
7. (feel) Raiiv
8 . (he) T hebuldine
9. (write) Doctors
1 0. I drink) Mvbrother never
1 1 . (worrv) Sometimcs mv teacher
1 2. (have) Carla
1 3. (he) T he plice
1 4. (need, negative) Mverandfather
5. (see) 1
1 6. (be, negative) I t
" ^L *^pT HT l Zr^^^BH^^H
to toliow diavtion.i on tile l.ibel.
a lot.
lo llie nvn . itter \voik.
a svnipton
a hiuh
ill.
on llre.
pre.scriptii)
a
a cold.
on the \\- a\e lln.
fever.
is.
la>hol.
aiiout oii!" iiealth.
.1 wheelchair.
red spots on her tace.
an enierce
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UN1T
6 Health and Ftness
CHALLENGE 7 Review: Yes/no questions with simple present
and present continuous tenses
Simple present Answer
Do i need medicine? Yes, you do.
Does he nave a cold? Yes, he does.
Does it hurt? No, it doesn't.
Do you need something? No, we don't.
Do you usually get cold No, 1 don't.
in the winter?
ViV Write a short answer for each questi
EXAMPI.r.: Do vou need help?
1 . Is he waitini; tor an ambulance?
2. Do the -hildren late cou^h syrup?
3. U the doetor's otfi ce 011 the crner ot Main Str
4. Are yon taki nu; medicine?
5. Does the polLc otfuer speak Spanish?
(x Do they thmk Uaiiv has the flu
7. Are those Ih'ehiihuTs piittini; out a lire?
S. Does Paula wanl lo rcst?
\JWrite the question for each answer.
.XAMl'I 1 : (." > : Is the ambulance coming righ
Present continuous Answer
Am 1 followng drections? No, you're not.
Is he havng a heart attack? Yes, he is.
Are you writing a prescription? No, l'm not.
Are they talking to the plice? Yes, they are.
Is she givng instructions? No, she isn't.
on below.
Yes, I do.
No, he
Yes, thev
cet? No, it
Yes, I
No, she
Yes, thev
Yes, thev
No, she
Use the same tense.
t awav?
\: The ambulance is comini; rij;ht away.
1. t):
A: The luirse is lakinu, his temperature.
A: i li s si si er i^ \\orki i i i ; at ihe Informati on Desk today.
y O:
A: Manuel has a cold cverv \vi nter .
4. 0:
A: ! ler tceth hurt al! the lime.
V O:
\ Txerci se 'huilds mustie,
v O:
\ Uauon .md h:\e are- 'toki n;1, tor the restroom.
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CHALLENGE 8 > Present tense with ivAen
1
When
S When1 walk a lot my feet ache. ' or My feet ache when1 walk a !ot.
$ When he coughs, his chest hurts. or His chest hurts when he coughs,
g When1 rest, 1 feel better. or \l better when 1 rest.
&

Use when with the present tense to talk about habts, routines, or things that are always true.
The pronoun you doesn't always refer to a specific person or group of people.
You often means everybody,
When you have the measles, you get redspots, (you =everybody}
VV Write the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence.
r.XAMPLE: When 1 have a hcadache, f a. I roa ti the labe] anvlullv.
I.
- >
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
You cali 91 1 k- when Pin on.1 diet.
When eet a new prescription, c- X011 tcd lirctl llndSK"k-
When vou have the flu, d- vvhen > 'uu h:ivc <l lcvcr
Vour temperatura is over 98.6F e- > 'ou Sct L'XL'ri- ISL'-
I never e.it snacks #] takc an ^Piri-
\\Tien vou dovard work, S- '"> ' ^^!li"'ls-
When I carrv hcaw things, h- > 't)l1 fccl S0()ti-
\\Ticnvou cxcrcise, ' W'HMI thcre i.s an emeri;ency.
^j Combine the twosentences tomake one complete sentence with when.
I- XAMPLE: Our childrencatch colds. We catch colds, too.
When our children catch colds, we catch colds, too.
1.
T
3.
4.
5.
She has the flu. She goes tobed carly.
Their noses run. They have colds.
The dog is tired. It doesn't want to go out.
He has a sore throat. He drinks tea.
You cali 91 1. A person is hurt in an accident.
PN& \ir UNIT e ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1
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CHALLENGE 1 Simple past tense of be
Pronoun Be affrmative Be negative Complement
1
He/She/lt
We/You/They
was
were
was not (wasn't)
were not (weren't)
her boss.
here.
cashiers.
The verb be is irregular in he past tense.
Add not after be to form the negative.
Yes/no queston
Was Huong a nurse in her country?
Was t a good job?
Were those actors famous?
Were you nervous about the interview?
Short answer
Yes, she was.
Yes, it was.
Yes, they were.
Yes, we were.
No, she wasn't
No, it wasn't
No, they weren't
No, we weren't.
Fill in the blanks with was or were.
1 X A M F I . 1 - : M y m o t h e r tvas a home make r .
1 . I se!i cmpl oyed n in y c o u n t r y .
2. he in t h e o ( T i t e y e sie r day ?
3. T he copy ma c h i n e b r o ke n .
4.
5.
6.
the
you gpodsu idcnt s L ast sernoster?
t he WorcT s in t he caf e t e r a?
L i
Kazuhiro is asking his friend, Isabella, about her last job. Write Kazuhiro's questions
and Isabella's statements with the past tense of be. - V
h X A M I ' I . l ; : K a / u h i r o : ( h e / you / h a p p y / at vo u r j o b ) Were yQU happy at yrjob?
.1 !
1 . K a / u h i r o : ( b e / it / a t u l l - l i me / oh) _
2 . I sa b e l l a : ( y e s / it / | > e ) _ . , _ . _..
3. K a / u h i r o : ' be ; y o u r a > - \ v o r k e r s / t r i e n d l y ) _
4 . I sa b e l l a : Ves. ( n i v ma u a y e r / be / n ic e / t o o )
5. K a / u h i r o : ' h e / t he h e i u ' h t s ' ti; oo*. it
( > . I sa h e l l a : ( ve s / t h e y / be / y r e a t )
7 . K a / u h i r o : be . t he \ vo r k / bor m ; )
S . I s, be l l a: ( n o , it / be n e i ; a U v e j )
^/
y . /
We liad t hree weeks v a c a t i o n .
" ) . K a / u h i r o : ' be / t he o l l ke . l. ir away :
1 0 . [ sa h e l l a : ( n o / it / he j n c ^ d t i v e I _ I wal ked to \ vo r k.
K a / u t n r o : I u a n t l o \ v o r k t h e r e ! ' h e / t h e sa l a r v / o kav)
B)
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|CHALLENGE 2r Spelling the regular simple past tense

h^^l Rule
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.Base Past Tense f^
lL To form the simple past tense of regular verbs, add -ed to the base form. work
Irregular spellings in the simple past tense
~ If the base verb ends in e, add -d. man
o? If the base verb ends in a consonant + y, change the y to i stud
* and add -ed.
M If the base verbs ends in a vowel + y, add -ed. play
= For one-syllable words, double the final consonant if the base stop
ends in consonant-vowel-consonant
Excepton: Don't double w or x. shov
For two-syllable words that end in consonant-vowel-consonant, prefe
double the final consonant only if the last syllable s stressed.
If the last syllable is not stressed, do not double the final consonant. happ
f
r.x
i.
3.
-1 .
c
KX
i
3
4
5
d
8
9
1 0
rj
worked
age managed
/ studied
played
stopped
i/ showed
*r preferred
en happened

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1* Write the simple past tense of these verbs. Some have spelling changes.
AMPIF.r stay tayed
fix
use
reniemher
erv
lisien
JFill in the blanks with the simple past
AMPI.H: (start) I Started mv it
deliver) Anva the mai
chew) That man eum
(ninunce) I 1 00 cmplo
ehop^The rook vej;ct
6. ilrop
7. pennit
8. opcn
O - -
1 0. en|o\
tense form of the verb given
h in July.
1 this morning.
during his intcr\.
vees.
ables tor the soup.
(show) The secretan- the letter to the manat>er.
rle.m) The msiodian.s never
(deri de) Ren and I.ui?
(applvl Tliev for iobs
(stop! We workin^: at f
[drnn) The carncnter
the halls.
to opcn ,1 restauran!,
n our companv.
xOO.
he hammer.
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.CHALLENGE 3Irregular verbs in
1 _
^H ; Base f orrm Pstf omr Base form
become became
begin began
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break broke
bring brought
build built
I
buy bought
catch caught
choose chose
1 come carne
cost cost
I
cut cut
do did
draw drew
I
drink drank
drive drove
eat ate
feel felt
*find found
forget forgot
get got
*
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1 f
{
1
- *;
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x
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ti.
i
s
,,
1 1
i
give
go
grow
hang
have
hear
hurt
know
leave
lose
make
meet
pay
put
quit
read
ride
ring
run
say
the simple past tense
Past form Base form Past fornr
gave
went
grew
hung
had
heard
hurt
knew
left
lost
made
met
paid
put
quit
read*
rod
rang
ran
said
see saw
sell sold
send sent
sing sang
sit sat
sleep slept
speak spoke
spend spent
stand stood
sweep swept
take took
teach taught
tell told
think thought
throw threw
understand understood
wake woke
wear wore
write wrote
3
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3*
K.
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Many verbs are irregular in the simple past tense.You need to memorize these verbs.
The past form read rhymes with red.
JComplete each sentence with the pasttense of the verb in parentheses.
\M ! - ; - unte) 1 .___ yyrofe a lelter lo tile manaeer.
i unid ! \\ lilis ro.id I.isi vear.
.he.ir 1 ihmii he henelits.
1 ni\ \\ Mills nr the interview.
'.'ju1 Me ie mv |M\vK\k.
i hur ) 1 mv knee al work.
\\eari Viuor a hard hat.
1 hecoine ' She ,i ductor.
1 1.(find) Me a creat oh,
12.(kaowl She everv eo- worker.
13.(put) I the paekaee o\er ihere.
14 .(find)\Ve the ofke kevs.
1?.(pav) He the deliverv person.
16.(scll) Pavid hisfirstTA'
17.(run) Marcia to the bus station.
i irnw I'he ^usindians mil liieirasti, 1S.ibrinu) I cot'fee to the ireetini:.
., , u, h Mv boss , ! a>ld.
enl " i he- '\ ilion
19.(speak) We to the Miper\.
20.(quit) Anita her lob.
^MBT^~T^\,
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CHALLENGE 4 f Negative f orm and yes/no questions in the
simple past tense
Pronoun
He/She/lt
We/You/They
.Statement
Negative simple past tense
didn't work
didn't arrive
didn't drive
Question
Cotnplement
ina hospital.
ontime,
a truck.
^hort answer
The mai! carrier delivered the
package today.
They went to the interview.
Did the mail carrier deliver the
package today?
Did they go to the interview?
Yes, he did.
No, they didn't.
Use did + not (didn't) to form the negative of simple past tense verbs.
Use did to ask simple past tense questions.
The base form of the verb rs used for the negative and for questions.
Write each statement in the negative.
E X A MP L E : He had work cxpcri ence. _We_t//(/n'f have work experfance*.
1 . Myhu sband worked the ni ght shi f t.
2. I le tol d u s abou t the bcnef i ts.
3. The bu s boy cleaned thc tables.
4. I cooked hambu rgers in a restau rant. _____
5. Ri cardo got a job appl i cati on. _________
6. The company kept hi s ame on f ile.
JUse the prompts to write a question in the simple past tense.
E X A MP L E : you / u nderstand / saf ety signs Did you understand the safety sicjns?
1 . Ri cardo / manage / 22 cmployees
2. the salespeople / improve / thei r produ ct knowledge
3. her f ri cnd / apply / f or the job
4. the taxi dri ver / drive / caref u l l y
tliev / drcss / well / for the interview
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CHALLENGE 5 Wh- questions with be in the simple past tense
l/Vfr-word-t-e (past tense) -H
subject-t-complementa
What was your job?
How many Jobs were n the newspaper?
When was your iast day of work?
Where were the supervisors?
Wfc- word + did + subject +
base verb + complement
What did you do n your country?
How many hours did you work?
When did you get a new job?
Where did you go to schooi?
Did is not used with be.
You are a manager in a restaurant. Prepare a list of interview questions to ask
applicants. Use the words to write wh- questions.
What did you do as a custodian?
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CHALLENGE 6 * Can for ability
Affirmative
I can type.
She can play the piano.
Negative full form
I cannot type.
She cannot play the piano.
Negative contraction
can't type.
She can't play the piano.
Use can to express ability. Can is always followed by the base form of the verb.
Yes/no question Shortanswer *
Can you type?
Can she play the piano?
Yes, 1 can.
Yes, she can.
No, 1 can't
No, she can't
IVA- question
What can you do?
When can they come?
What tools can you use?
How much can she finish?
Each sentence contains a mistake. Rewrite the sentence correctly with can.
I - XAMP L E : Do you can type? Can you type? . ___
1. Me cans drive a truck. . .
2. My sistcr can to cal cl ate numbers q uickly. _ . . . _ .
3. Pocs she can sing? . ^
4. \\1iat lools you can use? _ _ .. _ .. . _
5. I c a nnot to go to work today. . ._ _
6. V V hcn can she spcaks to me? . ._
7. Can he using a computer? ....
8. M i yu ki can' t coming to class. _ , . .
Use the words to write an appropriate question with can.
I - X A M P L E : Francisco / cook Can Francisco cook?
1 . how many / chil drcn / Eva / look af ter
2. the bus boy / carry / heavy plates
3. what ki nd of / food / you / prepare
4. wha t / of f ice machines / Ernest / use
. David / use / a cash rcgister
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U N I T
7 Wo r k n g on I t
CHALLEN GE 7 Must

^^|Affirmative
5
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Negative ^^H
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You must wear a hard hat to work. They must not smoke here.
He must have a driver's license to appiy. You must not enter this rea.
1
VTw What are some things
mus not.
E X A M P L F . : You musf
1
. Yon
:. You
3. You
4. You
1
3. You
' ' "
( i. Vm _. . .
_ 7. You
|S. You
you mus and mus no do in a factory? Write mus or
be c a re ful when the machines are on.
wear evo protection.
pu l boxes in front of fireexits.
listen e. iret' ully to the supervisor.
r u n near t he equ ipment .
t h r o w c i gar et t es in t he trash can.
keep beverages near the compu tcrs.
t el l a su per vi sor when thcre is a problem.
wear a h ar d h a t .
^J What are some things you musf and mus no do in your town or city? Write mus or
mus no.
1 . X A M I M l 1 Yo u _ __ must not _ . . _ _ . . t h r o w t r ash in t ne street.
1 . Yon _ _ _ _ _ l l ave a dr i ver ' s l i eense t o drive.
2. Yu u ___ _ d r i \ L a r e t u l l y .
\u pu v vou ! l axes on l ime.
1
1. Ymi
-^ Vou
_ ( \u
1 7- V( nl
S. Y t u
I
1'. Y nil
10. You
1
1
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se i id y o u r c h i l d r en to school.
r epon a c r i me to the plice.
par k in a bu s st op,
c. il ! ' M 1 m an emerj;cnc\.
\ \ al k n the mu idl e of the street.
pa} 1 l ou d nu isie atter midnight.
stop al a red l iu ht .
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CHALLENGE 8 - Adjectives and adverbs
Adjective Adverb Example
careful
patient
Exceptions:
fast
hard
late
good
carefully
patiently
fast
hard
late
well
Ernesto drives carefully.
The teacher answers questions
Our secretan/ types fast
Van works hard all the time.
That man always arrves late.
1 think the actors dress well.
patiently.
Irregular spellings
If an adjective ends n y, change the y to i and add -ly. easy
If an adjective ends in a consonant + e, add -ly. nice
easily
nicely
If an adjective ends in a consonant + -le, drop the e and add -y. simple simply
Exceptions: true -* truly shy - shyly
Adverbs describe verbs and answer the question How?
They are usually formed by adding -ly to an adjective.
Adverbs come after verbs.
Adjectives come before nouns.
Write the corred form of the adverb for these adjectives.
EXAMPLE: happy happily
1. easy 5. c omf ortabl e
2. brave 6. cise
3. shy 7. crazy
4. l u cky 8. pol ite
Circle the correct word.
EXAMPLE: Abdul talks to customers polite/politelv).
1. Abdul works hard / hardj y.
2. He writes reports ne at / ne atl y.
3. He speaks Eng l is h fluently / fluent.
4. He uses machine s care f u l / careful l y.
5. But somctimcs he comes to work late lotely.
6. He always l e arns new thi ng s q u i c kl y / quick.
UNIT7
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8 People and 1 ,earning
CHALLENGE 1 Future with be going to
m
^|Affirmatve Contraction Negativa Contraction
1 am l'm
|He is He's
She is She's
Il t is It's
You are You're
We are We're
*They are They're
1 am not l'm not
He isnot He isn't
She isnot She isn't
It isnot It isn't
You are not You aren't
We are not We aren't
They are not They aren't
TI
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Going to + base form ^HE^I
going to watch TV tonight.
going to study with me. *
going to the libran/. < Q
&
going to be difficult.
going to finish the test.
going to get a degree.
gong to practica English later.
1
- Use be gong to + base form of a verb to talk about future plans.
1
^^
w9 Make future plans.
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EXAMPI.h: iwrit u) Thev
1 . (not / i;o) \Vc
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2. i not / linish Mano
.. (get ) He
4. {iKvtl) I
1
5. (cii)ov ! You
.
h. luilk) She
1
7. i s vak ) I'hev
S. i chaime) We
I l>. i teach j My siskr
*1 0. . not - uo! l'm \\i\\\. !
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I. i st udv) |' )K' \
2. t t a kei Wc
1 .x il carn) Duc
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- . i not / to i \ou
-
5. ' not / I;L'|) l' aniti
1
1
1
Complete the sentencesusing be $
are going to write in their jou
to a tr
a Bachelor's
manv new s
working
to the teac
tlit-ir o
our iob
a ce
tro ni 7
joing to.
rnals.
ide schoo. ^
lgh schoo thisyear.
Degree.
kills.
at night.
her about her goals.
vn language in the ciass.
s.
>mputer classnext year.
out with my classmatesalter schoo.
00 to 8:30.
English lessonson Saturdavs.
new iob
well o
ma
skills.
n the test if you don't study.
rried ncxt month.
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8 Peopfe and Learnfng
CHALLENGE 2 > Yes/no questions with be going to
Statement
1 am going to pass the test
You are going to leam a lot
He is going to get married.
She is going to be a teacher.
It is going to help me study.
We are going to write in our
journals.
They are going to go to trade
school.
Question
^^^M^M^M^^^^^^^^^^^H
Am I going to pass the test?
Are you going to learn a lot?
Is he going to get married?
Is she going to be a teacher?
Is it going to help me study?
Are we going to write in our
joumals?
Are they gong to go to trade
school?
Answer
Yes, you are.
Yes, I am.
Yes, he .
Yes, she s.
Yes, it s
Yes, we are.
No, you're not.
No, l'm not.
No, he isn't
No, she isn't.
No, it isn't
No, we aren't.
Yes, they are. No, they aren't
Write a short answer to each question. Use contractions where possible.
HX A MP L E : Are you going to get a GED?
1 . Are yon going to look up these words?
2. I s Mr. S mit h going to explain the homework?
3. A re t hey going to read the newspaper laer?
4. I s she going to get a new j ob?
5. Are wc going to be Web designers?
6. I s the class going to be interesting?
Ves, I am.
No,
Ves, _____
No,
No,
Yes, _
Ves,
The students n Mr. Eaton's class are asking a lot of questions today. Use the words
to write their questions with be going to.
E X A MP L E : we / practice / grammar / toda)'
1 . we / have / a test / next week
Are we going to practice grammar today?
2. the test / be / hard
3. our f amilics / visit / our class / this semester
4. vou / tz ive / us / homework / this weekend
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UNIT 8
People and Learning
CHALLENGE 3 Future with will
Affrmative Contracton Negative Contraction Base form
1 will
He will
She will
It will
Yo u will
We will
They will
l'll
He'll
She'll
It'll
You'll
We'H
They'll
1 will not
He will not
She will not
It will not
You will not
We will not
They will not
1 won't
He won't
She won't
It won't
You won't
We won't
They won't
go to college next semester.
ask the teacher later.
need a degree.
be in English.
finish the test.
look up words at home.
gradate next week.
Use will + base form of a verb to talk about the future.
Rewrite the future verb as a contraction.
HXAMPL1 -: Ymi will mu uve lime lo go out. You won't have time to go out.
1 . She will not travel next year.
2 , . 1 will give vou a rule !o sehool.
3. lt will no! he easy lo get experience.
-[ . Thev will practice ilieir math .skills.
.i. \\ will leam newteehnology. _^
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j9Use the words to make future statements with will. Use contractions when possibte.
I r.XAMPI 1 ': i / movc / io ihc L I V / in J uly /'// move to the c'ty in July.
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3. I / parlieipate / morv / in el,
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UNIT
8 Peopl* *nd Lcarnfiif
CHALLENGE 4 > Yes/no questions with wll
Statement . Question Answer
1 will be rich some day.
You will start college next year.
He will find a Job.
She will get some advice.
It will be closed.
We will work together.
They will handle the money.
Will 1 be rich some day?
Will you start college next year?
Wll he find a Job?
Will she get some advice?
Will it be closed?
Wll we work together?
Will they handle the money?
Yes, you will. No, you won't.
Yes, 1 will. No, 1 won'L
Yes, he will. No, he won't.
Yes, she will. No, she won't.
Yes, it will. No, it won't
Yes, we will. No, we won't.
Yes, they will. No, they won't.
Roberto has questions about hts English class. Write short answers.
E X A M P L E : Will t he class s t a r t at 7:00? Yes, i t will.
1 . Wi l l M iss Cl ar k t cach the class? Yes, ______ __
2. Wi l l we st udy gr ammar ? Yes,
3. Will you teach us new vocabul ary? Yes, __
4. Wi l l I need a comput e r ? No, _________ .
5. Wi l l t he s t ude nt s work t oget her? Yes,
6. Will my wife and I be in the same class? No, _
Use the words to write short conversations using will.
E X A M P L E : A : (you / go / trade school / in the f al l ) Will you go to trade school in the fall?
B: No. (I / go / next spri ng) l'l go next spring. ___
t . A : (you / appl y for / t h a t J ob) ___ .
B: No. (I / apply [ negat i ve] ) __ 1 cl oi l l ave e xpe r i cnce .
2. A : (your sister / get / a bachelor' s degree)
B; No. (she / finish / her GE D / f i r st )
3. A : (you / pract ice / your vocabul ar y / lat er)
B: Yes. ( M anue l / help / me / st udy)
4. A : ( Nubar / st udy / wi t h us / t oni ght )
B: No. (he / have [negat ive] / t i me )
5. A : (you / change / your goals)
B: No. ( I / qui t [ negat i ve] )
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UNIT
8 People and Lcar n ng
CHALLENGE 6 > Time expressions with past and future tenses
Use with the past tense
yesterday
yesterday morning^bfternoon/evening
the day before yesterday
last Monday/summer/night
last week/month/year
a week/month/...year(s) ago
Use with the future tense
Example
He carne home yesterday.
Did you use the computer yesterday afternoon?
Isaw Ivan the day before yesterday.
Last Monday was my birthday.
Did you come to class last week?
They got married five years ago.
tomorrow
tomorrow morning/aftemoon/evening/night
the day after tomorrow
next Monday/summer
next week/month/year
next time, someday
in a week/month/year
-
Til give you the test tomorrow.
I'm going to look at apartments tomorrow evening.
He'll pay you the day after tomorrow.
Are you going to go to Italy next summer?
She's going to buy a computer next month.
The/ll finish school someday.
We will gradate in a week.
Time expressions can help you choose the correct verb tense.
Use the time expression in each sentence to choose the tense of the verb in parentheses.
E X A M PLE : { b u y ) My hu sb and and I will buy _ _ a car nex t mont h.
1 . ( learn) I t o f i x cars last su mmer.
2. ( s t art ) Someday, I
3. ( get ) Mari o's si st er
4. ( go) I n t he f u t u re, my chi ldren
5. ( gradat e) She
6. ( b egi n) I
7. ( speak) Someday, my chi ldren ,
8. ( move) My f ami ly
9. (see) I
my own b u s i ncs s .
_ marri ed t wo mont h s ago.
t o collt - ge.
f rom nu rs i ng school a few years ago.
s t u dy i ng f or my GE I ) t he day af t er t omorrow.
t wo languagcs f lu cnt ly .
t o Canad las t wi nt er.
1 0. ( gct ) Fi erre
1 1 . ( have) Sh e_
1 2. ( meet ) I
1 3. ( f i ni sh) He
1 4. ( do) We_
1 5. ( q u i t ) He
t he career counselor i n t hree weeks.
a dri ver's li cense nex t A pri l.
a baby i n t hree mont hs.
_ _ my hu sb and more t han 10 years ago.
hi s degree nex t year.
_ our homcwork yest erday.
_ hi s J ob t he day bef ore yest erday.
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UNIT
8 Peopl e a nd L ea r ni ng
I
I CHALLENGE 7 Expressions with get
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Expressions with get
Cet can mean receive.
get a gift get a license get advice get a cold
<
Get can mean become when it is followed by an adjective.
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get hungry
get thirsty
get angry
get hot
get cold
get nervous
get fat
get thin
get rich
get lost
get worse
get better
get sick
get well
get od
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Get can show movement.
get on/get off a bus, plae, train, boat, bicycle, motorcycle
get in/get out of a car, truck
get away
I Get can be used with all verb tenses.
Cet dressed. He gets paid on Fridays.
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He got married last year.
He is gettng nervous now.
He will get hur. He is going to get hurt.
* ^K
Lw Complete each sentence with an expression with get from the chart above.
Choose an appropriate verb tense.
F X A M P l L: I l \e t o 1:0 t o schonl . Cet in the car.
1 . T he . secret an1 i s s i c k t od av . I hope she
2. \Ve i l i d n ' t hau- a m. i p so wc _
V \ l v ^ l a s s ma t c s _. _
4. She
soon.
n t hat hi g uni v ers i t y .
about t he hi g test t omorrov v .
because she d i d n' t vvear a jack et .
8
3 . 1 p r . Kt i c c a l o t . Mv t ea c h er v i v s t h a t my [ - ' n g l i s h
. Mv t r i e mi .... ._ . I heard her snceze t hi s mo r ni ng .
7. \Ve neei i t o f i ml a r e s t a u r a n ! soon. T he c h i k i r e n
M . \' ou need I" pav t h e J r i \ e r wh en \' ou
these davs.
t he hus.
so I can hecome a t ax i d ri v er.
when t he st ud ent s d on' t d o t h ei r ho mewo r k .
. Let' s ask t he boss for a nev v one.
Irom our mot her. She' s real l v s ni art .
g - g
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People and Lcarning
C H A L L E N G E 8 * Revew: Yes/no questions in simple present
and past tenses
Statement
She participates in cla ss.
He participated in cla ss.
Question
They go to tra de school.
They went to tra de school.
Does he particpate in cla ss?
Did she particpate in cla ss?
Shfrt answer
Yes, he does.
Yes, she did.
Do you go to tra de school?
Did you go to tra de school?
No, we didn't.
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W^ Song wants to take an English class in an adult education program. She talks to _
^^the school director. Lisa, about the program and her experiencc. Use the words to
complete the conversation.
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L X A M P L E : Lisa: (you / t a ke) _ Did you take
1 . Sonii: No, . (I / move)
2. Lisa: (you / come'
3. Song ; No,
t o i h i s co u n t r v a l one
. (I / come'
- 1 . L isa : You spe. ik E ng lish well. (you/ s t udv)
;: Yes,_ . (I / study) __
.. He i sg et t i ng a deg r ee in h us i ne s s .
Also, (1 / spea
6. Lisa: (your h usba n
7 . Song : Yes, ___ _
8. L i sa : Gr ea t . I low a bout you? (you / wa nt )
9. Song : Yes, . 1 want to g o to nur s i ng seh ool.
H). Lisa: (vou / l i a ve)
1 ng l i s h w i l h i n y A me r i t a n t n e n t l s i n Koi va .
___ L n g l i s h w e l l , too
: Yes, 1 do. Bul (1 / l i k e [ ncg a t i ve] )
(vou /
1 3. Song : Yes. (1 wor k)
M. Lisa: Let's see. (vou / wa nt )
;: P a r t - t i me. (t h e school / of f er ) __
I d . L isa: Yes. (vou / compl et e)
I 7 . Song : Yes, _ . Herc it is.
1 8. L i sa : Th a nk vou. (you / h ave)
bei or e yon ca nt e t o t h e I ! . S. ?
in a h os pi t a l as a nur s e s a i de.
to s t udv u l l - t i n i e or pa r - t i me : '
cla sses i n t h e e\ ' eni ng ?
i h e a ppl i ca l i o n
a n\ mor e u u e s t i o n s :
Song : No. Th a nks for your time.
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CLOSSARY
adjective
adverb
a f firma ti ve
ani mat e/i nani mat c
apostrophe
art i cl e
base form
comma
compl ement
conj ugat i on
conj unet i on
consonan!
cont i nuous form
cont ract i on
count nouns
defi n te art i cl e
excl amat i on mark
forma l
fu t ure
i mperat i ve
i nd e f i ni t e article
i nfi ni t i vc
i nformal
i rre gul a r verb
modal a uxi l i a ry
AP P E NDI X W
*.'-'-.
OF GRAMMAR TERMS ;c
a word t ha t describes a noun (Example: the rehat) i,1?? (
[
a word t ha t modi fi es a verb, adjective, or another adverb (Example: She eats [
cmdfc) >J ^
not negat i ve and not a qucst i on (Example: / like /Jim. ) 6
obi ect s t hat act or move (Exampl e: teacher or water) 1 obiects t hat don't act or [-9
k 9
move ( Exampl e: book or desk) > '& '
a punc t ua t i on ma rk t ha t shows missing letters in cont ract i ons or possession j
( Exampl e: I t'_ s or fitn'j) ;.\s used beforc a noun ( Example: a, an, the) f :
i . -
the ma i n form of the vcrb, used wi t hout to (Example: be, have, study) \-
i , .
t he punc t ua t i on ma rk (, ) used to indcate a pause or separation ( Exampl e: I live in """ *"
an a pa rt me nt , and you l i ve i n a house. )
a word or words t ha t add to or complete an idea aft er the verb ( Exampl e: He is
the forms of a verb ( Exampl e: I am, You are, We are, Thcy are. He is, She is, It is)
a t ype of word t ha t j oi ns ot her words or phrases (Example: Mari a a_ nd Gi l be rt o)
a ny l e t t e r of the a l pha be t t ha t is not a vowel (Example: B, C, D, F. . . )
a verb form t ha t expresses action duri ng time (Example: He is shopping.)
short c ni ng of a word, syl l abl c, or word group by omission of a sound or l et t er
( Exa mpl e : It is - / 's, does not = doesn't)
nouns t ha t can be count ed by number (Example: one apple, two applcs]
use of the whe n a noun is known to speaker and listener (Exampl e: I know the
store.)
a punc t ua t i on symbol ma rki ng surprise or emotion (Example: Helio/)
pol i t e or respect t ul l anguage (Exampl e: Could you picase give me t ha t ? )
a verb form in the f ut urc tense (Example: I will study at t hat school next year. )
a command form of a verb ( Exampl e: Listen! or Look out\)
a or IN used befo re a noun when something is talked about for the first t i me or
whe n the is too speci fi c ( Exampl e: There's a new rest aurant in t own. )
the ma i n form of a verb, usua l l v used with to (Example: I like to run fast . )
f r i e nd l y or casual l anguage (Exampl e: Can I have t hat ? )
a ve rb di fi e re n! from re gul a r form verbs (be = am, are, is, was, were, being)
a verb t ha t i nd c a l e s a mood ( a bi l i t y, possibility, etc. ) and is followed by the base
f orm of a not he r verb ( F, \ampl e: I can read Engl i sh wcl l . )
m
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H AP P ENDI X M*J K'T&lj
^K ^^^^^^P^^B^^^^^^^B^^BmiP^^^^^^^IM M I I
tf

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A
K
-2
modifier
nega ti ve
noun
non-count nouns
object, dircct
object pronoun
pas t tens e
period
plural
pos s es s ive adjective
prcpos ition
pres ent tens e
pronoun
q u es t ion form
regular verb
s entence
s hort ans wer
s ingular
s tatement
s ubject
s ubject pronoun
s yllable
tag ques tions
tens e
verb
vowels
wh- ques tions
yes/no ques tions
' APPENDIX |
a word or phras e t hat des cribes a n ut he r i Ex a mpl c : a o+ _ > _ d l i l e nd i
the oppos ite of affirmative ( Ex ampl e: S hc l oes n_ ot !L- me a t . i
a ame of a pers on, place, or thing ( Ex amplc: Iot \ hol t l c)
nouns impos s ible or difficult tocount ( Ex ampl c: U V T , /mr, rn\\
the noun or pronoun acted on by thc vcrb ( Ex ampl e : ! eat onni ^cs.)
replaces the noun taking thc act ion ( Ex ampl e: ji t l i a is nice . I l ike hcr. )
a verb form us ed toexpres s an action or a s tale in the pas t ( Ex . impl e : You workcd
yes terday.)
a punctuation mark of a dot cnding a s entence (. 1
indicating more ihan one ( Ex ampl e: pcnci l s, chi l d rcn)
an adjective expres s ing pos s es s ion (Ex ample: onr car)
a word that indcales relations hip between object.s ( Ex ampl e : on the d csk)
a verb tens e repres enting the cur r en! t ime , not pas t or 'ut ur e ( Ex a mpl e : T hey mr at
home right now.)
a word us ed in place oa noun ( Ex ampl e: Tcd is 65. jA'i. s re ti red. )
toas k or look for an ans wer (Ex ample: Whcrc i s t ur bock?)
verb with endings that are regular and follmv the r ul e ( Ex ampl e: work ~ \\-ork,
works, worked , worki ng)
a thought expres s ed in words , with a s ubj e ct and verb ( t x ampl c: Jul i a works hard .)
a res pons e toa yes/no ques tion, us ual l y a s ubj e ct pr onoun and a ux il ia r v verb
(Ex ample: Yes. I ani . or No, he d ocsn't .)
one object (Example: a ca]
a s entence (Example: The wcat hcr i s rai nv t od uv.)
the noun that does the action in a s entence ( Ex nmpl e : Tl i c qi ml cncr works her e. )
a pronoun that takes the place of a s ubject ( Ex a mpl e : fahri is a s t ud e n t . Hj is
s mart.)
a part of a word as determined by vowel s ounds and r hythm ( Ex ampl e : a -bl e)
s hort informal ques tions that corneal the end of s entcnces in s peech (Ex ample: You
lke s oup, d on't vou? T hev aren't hungrv, (i r i hev?)
the part of a verb that s hows the pas t, pr es ent, or futur e time ( Ex ample: He t i i l ked .]
word des cribing an action or s tate ( Ex ampl e: T hc bovs \\-al k tos chonl ; I mu tir ed. )
the letters a, e, /, o, u, and s ometimes y
ques tions that as k for information, us ually s tar ting with \Vho, \\'hd t , \Vi i cn, \\'hcn\r Why. (Example: Where doyou live?) How is ofien included in ths group.
ques tions that as k for an affir mative or a nega uve ans wer ( Ex ampl e: Are you
ht t ppy?)
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GRAMMAR REFERENCE
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^HThfr StmDle Present-/iov& ^HThe Simple Present -have (neeative) ^^^^^^^^^^^B=H
1
1, you, we,
they
he, she, t
have three brothers. 1, you, do not
a ca. we, they (don't)
has free time. he , she, t does not
black hair. (doesnt)
have children. g
a dog. ^
free time. -*
blond hair. 3
3
n
^HThfr Simle Present-ws ^BThe Simple Present -be (negative) ^^^^^^^^^^^^H
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am Gilberto. I am (fm) not hungry.
you, we, they are a cook. you, we, they are ('re) not (aren't) from Mxico.
he, she, t s happy. he, she, it is('s) not (isn't)
from Brazil.
a student.
The Simple Present-ReeiHarvefbs- ^HThe Simple Present -Regular veri(ne*atve) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
I
i, you,
we, they
he, she, it
_
wear shoes. 1, you, do not
buy we, they (don't)
want
he, she, it doesnot
wears
buys
wants
(doesnt)
wear
buy
want
sandals.
1 ThftPtesent Continuou* ^^^^^^^^^^H
Subject
1
'
be
am
you, we, they are
he, she, it s
+ Merb + lng
walking
sitting
writng
right now.
at thismoment.
today.
1 The Simple Past -Recular verbr ^^^^^^^^^^^1
Subject
1, you, we,
It hey , he,
she, it
Base + ed
talked
walked
played
Sentence
1 talked to the doctor.
She walked towork.
They played football.
F^The Simle Past -Reeular veri(necatve) ^^^^^^^^^^^^H
Subject
""" 1, you, we,
_ they, he,
|she, it

did + not Base

did not talk
(didn't) answer
work
Sentence -
1 did not talk with customers.
She did not answer the phone.
We didn't work inthe evenings.
^HThe Simle Past- be ' ' ^^^^^^^^^^^H
1
Subject
1, he, she, it
Past
was
you, we, they were

Sentence J
She wasa cashiec.
You were at a hotel.
1 The Simple Past - be (necative) ^^^^^^^^^^H
Subject
I
I, he, she, it
Past + not
was not (wasn't)
you, we, they |were not (weren't)
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1
Sentence
Dalva wasn't a desk clerk.
They weren't at the restauran!.
_0=
The Modal Verb - should
Subject
i.you,
we, they
he, she, t
Modal verb
should
Base
exercise
eat
sleep
Sentence
You should exercise every day.
They should eat three meis a day.
He should sleep ei^it hours a day.
The Modal Verb - should (negative)
Subject
l, you,
we, they,
he, she, it
Modal verb
should
(shouldn't)
nof :
not
Base
take
drive
eat
Sentence
You shouldn't take aspirn.
They shouldn't drrve.
She shouldn't eat fatty foods.
The Modal Verb - should (question form)
Should
should
Subject
1, you, we, they
he, she, rt,
Base
take
cali *
go
Sentence
Should 1 take two tablets?
Should we cali a doctor?
Should he go to the hospital?
The Modal verb - can
Subject
1, you, we, they
he, she, it
can
can
Base
fix
use
type
Sentence
1 can fix a car.
They can use a fax machine.
He can type.
The Modal Verb - can (negative)
Subject
1, you, we, they
he, she, it
connof - can?
cannot* (can't)
Base
cook
drive
speak
Sen tee*
1 can't cook.
They can't drive.
She can't speak Spanish.
"Cannot is one word.
The Modal Verb - can (question form)
con
can
Subject
1, you, we, they,
he, she, it
Base
ask
speak
use
Sentence
Can 1 ask a question?
Can they speak Spanish?
Can he use a computer?
Verb + Infinttive
Subject
1 , you, we, they
he, she, it
Verb
want, need, plan
wants, needs, plans
Infinitive (fo + base)
to gradate
study
$et
Sentence
1 want to gradate in spring.
We need to sludy computers.
He plans to get a job.
Future - going to
Subject
1
you, we, they
he, she, it
be + going to
am going to
are going to
is going to
Base
be
work
save
Sentence
1 am going to be a nurse.
You are going to work hard
She is going to save money.
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> IRREGULAR SIMPLE PAST VERB LIST
Base form
be
break
Simple past form
was, were
br oke
buv bo uy h t
can
choose
come
cut
do
dravv
dr i nk
dr i ve
eat
find
ICI
con Id
clin se
car ne
Cl U
di d
dr ew
dr. mk
t i r o ve
at e
f o u nd
gol
go w ent
,,v,
ha ve
hear
h u r t
h ad
heartl
h u r
keep kept
kno\ k nevv
Base form
make
pay
put
rcad
run
say
sec
sell
send
shut
sit
sleep
speak
spend
swi m
take
teach
undcrstand
wakc
wear
wri te
Simple past form
made
paid
put
read
ran
said
saw
sold
senl
shut
sat
slept
spoke
spcnt
swam
took
taugh t
undcrstood
woke
worc
wrote
"S.
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w

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CONJUGATEDVERBLIST
Regular verbs
Base: wor k
Simple present
I wor k
vou work
wc wor k
th c y work
lie wor ks
shc works
i i wor ks
I nfnitive: to work
Present continuous
I am wor king
yo u are working
wc are wor king
thcy are working
lie is working
she is working
it is wor king
Simple past
I wor kcd
you workcd
wc wor kcd
they workcd
he wor kcd
shc workcd
il wor kc d
Hit u re
1 w i l l wo r k
you will \ \ o r k
\ \ u 1 1 \ \ o r k
ihcy \! \ \ or k
h e w i l l \ \ o r k
.shc \I work
i l \ l wo r k
Base: live
Simple present
I live
yon live
we live
th c y live
he lives
shc lives
il I ves
I nfnitive: to live
Present continuous
I am living
you are living
we are living
they are living
he is living
she is living
it is living
Simple past
I I i ved
you ived
wc lived
th c y lived
he lived
she lived
it hvcd
I u tu re
1 w i l l l i v e
vou w i l l live
we w i l l livc
th ey w i l l live
h e w i l l live
s h c u i l l l i v c
il w i l l live
Base: study
Simple present
1 s tudy
yo u study
we study
they study
he studies
she studies
it studies
I nfinitive: to study
Present continuous
I am studying
you are studying
we are studying
they ar e study ing
he is studying
she is studying
it is studying
Simple past
I studied
you s tud c d
wc studied
th ey s tudie d
he studied
shc sludied
it studied
Fu tu re
1 w i l l s l u d v
yon w i i l s t u d y
we will s tu d \v will s ludv
he will s tudv
s h e w i l l s tu d y
it will studv
Base: stop
Simple present
I stop
yon stop
\ve stop
they stop
he stops
she stops
i t stops
I nfinitive: to stop
Present continuous
I am stopping
you are stopping
we are stopping
they are stopping
he is stopping
she is stopping
it is stopping
Simple past
I stopped
you stopped
wc stopped
thcy stopped
he stopped
she stopped
it stoppcd
I utu re
1 will stop
you will stop
we w i l l stop1 ;
they will stop
h e w i l l stop
s h c w i l l slop
t w i l l slop
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Irregular verbs
Base: be
Simple present
1 am
yo u are
we are
th ey are
he is
she is
,
Infinitive: to be
Present contmuous
I am bei ng
yon are being
we are h ci ng
th ey are being
he is being
she is being
t is being
Simple past
I was
you were
we wcre
they were
he was
she was
it was
Fu tu re
I will be
you will be
we will be
they will be
he will be
she will be
it will be
Base: have
Simple present
1 have
you have
we have
th ey have
he has
she has
it has
Infinitive: to have
Prescnt continuous
I am h avi ng
you are h avi ng
we are h avi ng
th ey are h avi ng
he is h avi ng
she is h avi ng
it is h avi ng
Simple past
I h ad
you had
we had
they had
he had
she had
it had
Fu ture
I will have
you will have
we wi l l have
they will have
he will have
she will have
it will have
Base: go
Simple prcsent
I g o
you go
we go
th ey go
he goes
she goes
i i goes
Infinitive: to go
Present continuous
I am going
you ,ire gomg
vve are going
th ev are gomg
he s going
she is going
i t is gomg
Simple past
I went
you went
we went
th ey went
he went
she went
it went
Future
I wi l l go
you will go
we will go
they will go
he will go
she wi l l go
it wi l l go
Base: run
Simple present
1 run
vou r u n
vve run
t h ev r u n
h e runs.
sh e r u ns
i l ni ns
Infinitive: to run
Prcsent continuous
I am r u nni ng
vou are r u nni ng
we are r u nni ng
t h ev are r u nni ng
lie i s r u nnmg
she s r u nni ng
i l i s r u nni ng
Simple past
I ran
you ran
we ran
they ran
he ran
she ran
it ran
Future
I will run
you will run
we will run
th ey will run
he will run
sh e wi l l run
it will run
OQ
01
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