SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC ET1006

2011/2012/S2

2011/2012 SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATION

Diploma in Aerospace Electronics (DASE)
Diploma in Clean Energy (DCEG)
Diploma in Computer Engineering (DCPE)
Diploma in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (DEEE)
Diploma in Info-Communication Engineering & Design (DICD)
Common Engineering Programme (DCEP)
1
st
Year FT and EO

PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING II

Time Allowed: 2 Hours


Instructions to Candidates

1. The examination rules set out on the last page of the answer booklet are to be complied
with.

2. This paper consists of TWO sections:
Section A - 10 Multiple Choice Questions, 2 marks each.
Section B - 8 Short Questions, 10 marks each.

3. ALL questions are COMPULSORY.

4. All questions are to be answered in the answer booklet.

5. Start each question in Section B on a new page.

6. Fill in the Question Numbers, in the order that they were answered, in the boxes found
on the front cover of the answer booklet under the column Questions Answered.

7. This paper contains 12 pages, inclusive of formulae sheets.

SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC ET1006
2011/2012/S2
Formulae List

Resistors:
Power dissipation in resistor, P = VI P=I
2
R P =
R
V
2


Energy, Work Done, Charge, Power:
W = QV P =
t
W
I =
t
Q


Number of electrons in a shell (band) = 2N
2

6.25 x 10
18
electrons 1C of negative charge


Ohms Law for ac:
Z I V = Y V
Z
V
I = =
I
V
Z =

Kirchhoffs Voltage Law:
Voltage rises = Voltages drops in a closed circuit.

Kirchhoffs Current Law:
Incoming currents = Outgoing currents at a node
Voltage Divider Rule for ac:
S
T
x
x
V
Z
Z
V =

Current Divider Rule:
dc for I
R
R
I
T
X
T
x
=

ac for I
Z
Z
I
T
X
T
x
=
for any number of parallel branches
T
I
R R
R
I
2 1
2
1
+
= or
T
I
R R
R
I
2 1
1
2
+
= for dc for 2 parallel branches
T
I
Z Z
Z
I
2 1
2
1
+
=
or
T
I
Z Z
Z
I
2 1
1
2
+
=
for ac for 2 parallel branches


Capacitors:

Capacitive reactance, X
C
= in ohms


Inductors:
Inductive reactance, X
L
= 2fL in ohms
fC 2
1
SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC ET1006
2011/2012/S2


AC Voltages and Currents:
I
rms
= I
p
/ 2 = 0.7071 I
p
I
p-p
= 2I
p
I
av
= 2I
p
/ = 0.637I
p
V
rms
= V
p
/ 2 = 0.7071 V
p
V
p-p
= 2V
p
V
av
= 2V
p
/ = 0.637V
p


AC Impedance/Admittance:

tot
tot
S
o
L L
o
C C R
tot
tot
o
L L
o
C C R
G
B
V Y Y Y Y Y
f
L L
j jB Y C C j jB Y G Y
circuit Parallel
R
X
I Z Z Z Z Z
f L L j jX Z
C C
j jX Z R Z
circuit Series
1
3 2 1
1
3 2 1
tan .........
2 90
1 1
90
,
tan .........
2 90 90
1 1
,

= = = + + + =
= = = = = = = =
= = = + + + =
= = = = = = = =

AC Power:
S
R
a
true
tot S r S true S a
V
V
P
P
Z
R
X I I V P R I I V P Z I I V P
= = =
= = = = = =

cos
sin cos
2 2 2


Diodes:
Forward voltage drop is 0.7 V for silicon diode and 0.3 V for germanium diode

Zener dynamic resistance


Half-Wave Rectifier:
(sec)
) (
(sec) ) (
7 . 0
p
out p
AVG p out p
V PIV
V
V V V V = = =

Centre-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier:
V V PIV
V
V V
V
V
out p
out p
AVG
p
out p
7 . 0 2
2
7 . 0
2
) (
) ( (sec)
) (
+ = = =

Bridge Full-Wave Rectifier:
V V PIV
V
V V V V
out p
out P
AVG p out p
7 . 0
2
4 . 1
) (
) (
(sec) ) (
+ = = =

Z
Z
I
V

=
Z
Z
SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC ET1006
2011/2012/S2

Ripple Factor:
DC
rms r
V
V
r
) (
=
where
3 2
) (
) (
p p r
rms r
V
V

=

Line Regulation =
% 100

IN
OUT
V
V
Load Regulation =
% 100

FL
FL NL
V
V V


Transistors:
BE CB CE B B BE BB
C C CE CC BE
DC
DC
DC
E
C
DC
B
C
DC B C E
V V V R I V V
R I V V V V
I
I
I
I
I I I
+ = + =
+ = =

= = = + =
7 . 0
1

Operational Amplifiers
Voltage Gain of Inverting Amplifier:
i
f
R
R

Voltage Gain of Non-inverting Amplifier:
i
f
R
R
1 +
Output voltage of summing amplifier:
V
O
=

+ + + +
n
n
f
3
3
f
2
2
f
1
1
f
V
R
R
. .......... V
R
R
V
R
R
V
R
R
for n inputs
Threshold Voltages for comparator with positive feedback:
Upper Trigger Point (UTP) =
[ ]
) V (
R R
R
max O
2 1
2
+
+

Lower Trigger Point (LTP) =
[ ]
) V (
R R
R
max O
2 1
2