History of Prophets:

Compiled by: Abdul Razzaq Qadri

Hadhrat Adam

(Adem) is believed to have been the first human being and the first
prophet and messenger in Islam. Adam's role as the father of the human race is looked upon by
Muslims with reverence. Muslims also venerate his wife, Eve(Hawwa), as the "mother of
mankind". Muslims see Adam as the first Muslim, as the Qur'an promulgates that all the
prophets preached the same faith of submission to Allah. Allah sent less than or more than one
lac (one hundred thousand) and twenty four thousand (124,000) Prophets for the guidance of
mankind. There are some names of Prophets of Allah. These names are found in Holy Quran.
1. Hadhrat Adam (Peace be upon him) (Adem)
2. Hadhrat Idrees (Peace be upon him)
3. Hadhrat Nooh (Peace be upon him) (Noah)
4. Hadhrat Hood (Peace be upon him)
5. Hadhrat Saleh (Peace be upon him)
6. Hadhrat Loot (Peace be upon him) (Lot)
7. Hadhrat Ibraheem (Peace be upon him) (Abraham)
8. Hadhrat Ismael (Peace be upon him) (Ishmael)
9. Hadhrat Is-haq (Peace be upon him) (Isaac)
10. Hadhrat Yaqoob (Peace be upon him) (Jacob in English, Israeel in Hebrew)
11. Hadhrat Yousuf (Peace be upon him) (Joseph)
12. Hadhrat Sho`aib (Peace be upon him)
13. Hadhrat Ayyub (Peace be upon him) (Job)
14. Hadhrat Mu'saa (Peace be upon him) (Moses)
15. Hadhrat Haroon (Peace be upon him) (Aaron)
16. Hadhrat Dawood (Peace be upon him) (David)
17. Hadhrat Sulaiman (Peace be upon him) (Solomon)
18. Hadhrat Yunus (Peace be upon him) (Jonah)
19. Hadhrat Ilyas (Peace be upon him) (Elijah)
20. Hadhrat Al-Yasa (Peace be upon him) (Elisha)
21. Hadhrat Zul-Kifal (Peace be upon him)
22. Hadhrat Zakariyya (Peace be upon him) (Zechariah)
23. Hadhrat Yahya (Peace be upon him) (John)
24. Hadhrat Esa (Peace be upon him) (Jesus)
25. Hadhrat Muhammad

(Peace and Blessings be upon him)
Last Prophet.




Time Period:
Prophet Ibrahim was born 2510 BH (Before Hijrat), and he died 2329 BH (aged
approximately 175). Prophet Moosa was born in 2076 BH, and died in 1952 BH, and the era of Prophet
Eesa(Jesus) was 571 years ago than birth of Prophet Muhammad Peace and blessings be
upon him. Hadhrat Eesa (Jesus) did not die according to Islam, Allah said in Quran:_
([Nisa 4:157] And because they said, "We have killed the Messiah, Eisa the son of Maryam,
the Messenger of Allah"; they did not slay him nor did they crucify him, but a look-alike was
created for them; and those who disagree concerning it are in doubt about it; they know nothing
of it, except the following of assumptions; and without doubt, they did not kill him.
[Nisa 4:158] In fact Allah raised him towards Himself; and Allah is Almighty, Wise.)

Holy Prophet Muhammad migrated from Makkah to Madina in 621 according to Gregorian
calendar. (Islamic Calendar has been started from the time of the Migration (Hijrat) of Holy Prophet
Muhammad according to Gregorian Calendar it was year of 621).
(Era is not so authentic)
Prophet Ibrahim had two sons (Ismaeel, Is-haaq). Yaqoob (Jacob, Israel) was son of Is-haaq.
All of them were Prophets of Allah. Descendants of Israel (Jacob) were called Banee-Israeel (Sons of
Yaqub). In the Family of Israeel (Yaqoob, Jacob) Allah sent many Prophets Including Yousuf (Joseph),
Moosa (Moses), Dawood (David) , Sulaiman (Solomon), Zakariyya, Yahya (John) and Eesaa (Jesus). But
in the Family of Ismaeel (among the sons of Ismaeel) Allah sent only one Prophet, this was Hadhrat
Muhammad peace and blessings be upon him after thousands of year of Hadhrat Ismaeel. Keep in
mind Ismaeel was uncle of Yaqoob(Israeel, Jacob).
Hajj (pilgrimage)
The Hajj is an Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca and the largest gathering of Muslim people in the
world every year. It is one of the five pillars of Islam, and a religious duty which must be carried out by
every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so at least once in his or her lifetime. The Hajj is a
demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people, and their submission to Allah. The word Hajj means
to intend a journey.The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th Zul-Hajj, the 12th and last month of the
Islamic calendar. Because the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, eleven days shorter than the
Gregorian calendar used in the Western world, the Gregorian date of the Hajj changes from year
to year. The Hajj is associated with the life of the Prophet Muhammad from the 7th century, but the ritual
of pilgrimage to Mecca is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of Ibrahim
(Abraham). Pilgrims join processions of hundreds of thousands of people, who
simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj, and perform a series
of rituals:
Each person walks counter-clockwise seven times around the Ka'aba, the cube-shaped building which
acts as the Muslim direction of prayer, runs back and forth between the hills of Al-Safa and Al-Marwah,
drinks from the Zamzam Well, goes to the plains of Mount Arafat to stand in vigil, and throws stones in a
ritual Stoning of the Devil. The pilgrims then shave their heads, perform a ritual of animal sacrifice, and
celebrate the three day global festival of Eid al-Adha.

Tomb of Holy Prophet Muhammad adjacent with his Masjid (Mosque) in Holy City of Madina of Saudi Arabia, at the
distance of 320 Kilometers from Makkah City.


Eid-ul-Adha:
Eid al-Adha is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide to honour the
willingness of the prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his young first-born son
Ismail (Ishmael) as an act of submission to God's command and his son's acceptance to being sacrificed,
before God intervened to provide Hadhrat Ibrahim with a Lamb to sacrifice instead.
Al-Quran:_
[Saffat 37:102] And when he became capable of working with him, Ibrahim said, O my son, I
dreamt that I am sacrificing you - therefore now consider what is your opinion; he said, O my
father! Do what you are commanded! Allah willing, you will soon find me patiently enduring!
[Saffat 37:103] Then (remember) when they both submitted to Allahs command, and Ibrahim lay
his son facing downwards.
(The knife did not hurt Ismail )
[Saffat 37:104] And We called out to him, O Ibrahim!
[Saffat 37:105] You have indeed made the dream come true; and this is how We reward the
virtuous.
[Saffat 37:106] Indeed this was a clear test.
[Saffat 37:107] And We rescued him in exchange of a great sacrifice.
(The sacrifice of Ibrahim and Ismail peace be upon them is commemorated every year on 10,11
and 12 Zil Haj).


In the lunar Islamic calendar, Eid al-Adha falls on the 10th day of Zul-Hijjah(Zil Haj) and lasts for four
days. In the international Gregorian calendar, the dates vary from year to year, drifting approximately 11
days earlier each year. Eid al-Adha is the latter of the two Eid holidays, the former being Eid al-Fitr.
Like Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha begins with a Sunnah prayer of two rakats followed by a sermon
(khutbah, Speech). Eid al-Adha celebrations start after the descent of the Hajj from Mount Arafat, a hill
east of Mecca. Ritual observance of the holiday lasts until sunset of the 12th day of Zul-Hijjah. Eid
sacrifice may take place until sunset on the 13th day of Zul-Hijjah(Zil Haj). The days of Eid have been
singled out in the Hadith (Sayings of Holy Prophet Muhammad peace and blessings be upon him) as
"days of remembrance".
The days of Tashreeq are from the Fajr (Dawn) prayer of the 9th of Zul Hijjah(Zil Haj) up to the
Asr prayer of the 13th of Zul Hijjah (5 days and 4 nights). This equals 23 prayers: 5 on the 9th-12th, which
equal 20, and 3 on the 13
th
. In these 5 days after these 23 Prayers every Muslim (Whereever he lives, it
does not matter) should read loudly, the following Pray.
Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, Laa ilaa ha illallaa hu wallaahu akbar, Allahu akbar, wa lillahil
hamd.


Calendars
*The Gregorian calendar, also called the Western calendar and the Christian
calendar, is internationally the most widely accepted and used civil calendar. It has
been the unofficial global standard for decades, recognised by international institutions
such as the United Nations and the Universal Postal Union. The calendar was a reform
in 1582 to the Julian calendar. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for
the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which the First Council of Nicaea had
agreed upon in 325. Because the spring equinox was tied to the celebration of Easter,
the Roman Catholic Church considered this steady drift in the date of Easter
undesirable. The reform was adopted initially by the Catholic countries of Europe.
Protestants and Eastern Orthodox countries continued to use the traditional Julian
calendar and adopted the Gregorian reform after a time, for the sake of convenience in
international trade. The last European country to adopt the reform was Greece, as late
as 1923. The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as
used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the
Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a
modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included reducing the
number of leap years in four centuries from 100 to 97, by making 3 out of 4 centurial
years common instead of leap years. Lilius also produced an original and practical
scheme for adjusting the epacts of the moon when calculating the annual date of
Easter, solving a long-standing obstacle to calendar reform. The Gregorian reform
modified the Julian calendar's scheme of leap years as follows: Every year that is
exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100;
the centurial years that are exactly divisible by 400 are still leap years. For example, the
year 1900 is not a leap year; the year 2000 is a leap year. In addition to the change in
the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425
days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds
per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference
between these lengths. Between AD 325 (when the First Council of Nicaea was held,
and the vernal equinox occurred approximately 21 March), and the time of Pope
Gregory's bull in 1582, the vernal equinox had moved backward in the calendar, until it
was occurring on about 11 March, 10 days earlier. The Gregorian calendar therefore
began by skipping 10 calendar days, to restore 21 March as the date of the vernal
equinox. Though not part of the Gregorian calendar itself, the reformed calendar
continued the previous year-numbering system (Anno Domini), which counts years from
the traditional date of the nativity, originally calculated in the 6th century and in use in
much of Europe by the High Middle Ages. This year-numbering system, now also called
the Common Era, is the predominant international standard today.




Sources:
www.alahazrat.net/alquran
www.en.wikipedia.org/