1. Explain how this method allows you to find the mole ratio of reactants.

Mixing different volumes of the

two reactants resulted in different temperature changes. The temperature change was directly proportional
to the quantity of reactants consumed because the experiment was designed so that the volume of solution
and the total number of moles of reactants was a constant for the series of experiments. Thus, the
optimum ratio(determined after the results of the trials are graphed) is the ratio of the volume of reactants
that consumed the greatest amount of reactants, formed the greatest amount of products, and generated
the most heat and maximum temperature change.

2. 2)Why must you keep a constant volume of reactants? A constant volume of reactants must be kept so
that the resulting changes in temperature can be directly compared because they are directly proportional
to the quantity of reactants consumed in the reaction.

3. 3)Is it necessary that the concentrations of the two solutions be the same?
Yes; in order to for the stoichiometric mole ratio of the reactants to be accurate after the results of the trial
are graphed, the concentrations of the two solutions must be the same. This is because
molar concentration is moles of solute divided by liter of solution.

4. 4)What is meant by the term limiting reagent? A substance described as a limiting reagent is a reactant in
a chemical reaction that will be completely reacted before all other reactants in the reaction are used up,
causing the reaction to stop.

5. 5)Does the measurement of temperature or the measurement of volume limit the precision of your data?
Explain. The measurement of temperature limits the precision of the data to 3significant figures, and the
thermometer used was capable of measuring temperature to the tenths of a degree. The measurement
of volume limits the precision of the data to 2 significant figures because the graduated cylinders used
were only capable of measuring volume to the nearest mL

6. 6)Which reactant is the limited reagent along the upward and downward sloping lines of your graph?
Na2S2O3and NaCLO, respectively

7. 7)What physical properties, other than temperature change, could use the method of continuous
variations? Color intensity of a reactant or product, the mass of a precipitate that forms, or the volume of a
gas evolved

8. 8)Why is it more accurate to use the point of intersection of the two lines to find the mole ratio rather than
the ratio associated with the greatest temperature change? Unless the optimum ratio was actually tested as
a trial, the only way it can be found is by using linear regression to accurately calculate the proportion of
volumes of reactants that would form the optimum ratio. The ratio associated with the greatest
temperature change in the experiment cannot be assumed to be the optimum ratio because minute
variations to it will result in a higher temperature change.

9. 9)If the two solutions used are not at the same initial temperature, correction must be made to find the
correct change in temperature. How should this be done?
Add the products of the volume used of each of the solutions by their respective initial
temperatures and dividing that product by the total volume of solution, 50mL.This
quotient is the initial temperature of each of the varying solutions