GLOSSARY OF GAS TURBINE

The following definitions and nomenclature provide to familiarize with gas turbine
terminology
Terms Definitions
Gas turbine A rotary prime mover in which the working medium, air
or gas, is compressed, heated and expanded to
produce useful power.
Open cycle One in which the working medium enters the gas
turbine from the atmosphere and discharges to the
atmosphere.
imple cycle One in which the working medium passes
successively through the compressor, combustor and
turbine !s".
#egenerative cycle One in which the working medium passes
successively through the compressor, regenerator,
combustor, turbine !s" and regenerator.
ingle shaft The arrangement in which the rotating components
are mechanically coupled together on a common axis.
Two shaft The arrangement in which the rotating components
are arranged on two separate shafts. The shaft which
is connected to the load is known as the output or
power shaft, the other shaft is known as the
compressor shaft.
$irection of rotation $irection of rotation of a gas turbine is the clockwise
direction or %.%. rotation, determined by looking at the
face of the gas turbine output shaft coupling.
&gnition speed The speed of the compressor shaft at which ignition
and fuels are applied.
elf'sustaining speed The minimum speed of the compressor shaft at which
the turbine will continue to operate at no'load without
cranking power.
&dling speed The specified operating speed of the compressor
shaft for no'load operation.
#ated speed The speed of a designated shaft at which rated power
is developed.
Terms Definitions
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Trip speed The speed at which the over speeds protective device
operates.
%ranking power The external power which is re2uired to accelerate the
compressor, its turbine, and any connected load to
self'sustaining speed in a specified time.
-rotective device One which, alone or as part of a system, controls or
signals in some predetermined manner, abnormal
conditions which may occur during the operation of
the unit or system to which it is connected.
%ontrolling device One which automatically initiates action of a system
which controls conditions during the normal operation
of the gas turbine.
3arning device One which by visible or audible means, or both,
indicates that an abnormal operating condition exists.
NOMENCLATURE
Terms Definitions
Turbine A mechanical component in which the thermal energy
of the working medium is converted to mechanical
energy by kinetic action on a rotary element.
%ompressor turbine The mechanical component in which a portion of the
thermal energy of the working medium is converted to
mechanical energy and utilized to drive the axial
compressor.
-ower turbine The mechanical component in which a portion of the
thermal energy of the working medium is converted to
mechanical energy and utilized to drive the connected
load.
Turbine blades %urved vane elements mounted on a rotating wheel
and proportioned to transfer energy from the working
medium to the turbine rotor.
Turbine diaphragm A stationary element used to expand the working
medium and direct it against the rotating blades.
Axial compressor The mechanical component in which the pressure of
the working medium is increased.
Terms Definitions
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%ompressor blades Airfoil sections mounted on a rotating disc and
proportioned to compress the working medium
through each successive row of compressor
diaphragms.
%ompressor diaphragm A stationary element containing a set of stator blades
used to compress the working medium and direct it
against the rotating blades.
%ombustor basket That mechanical component of the combustion
system in which the fuel is burned to increase the
temperature of the working medium.
Transition piece (echanical component which directs the hot gases
from each combustor basket to the segmental
opening leading to the turbine inlet.
.uel nozzle That component of the combustion system which
meters the fuel to the combustor basket with the
proper dispersion pattern.
&gniter That component of the combustion system, which at a
predetermined point is energized to provide the spark
for igniting the fuel in the combustor basket.
%ross flame tube A mechanical interconnection between combustor
baskets for the purpose of carrying the flame from a
fired to an unfired combustor basket.
&nterstage seals (echanical device used to restrict the leakage of the
working medium between stages.
%ompressor bleed An open'close bleed line used to bleed off a portion of
the working medium during a start'up or a stop period.
0earing housing An enclosure used to contain and support the shaft
bearings and may be of the bracket or pedestal type.
haft'bearing 5ournal bearing used to support the rotating elements.
Thrust bearing A thrust bearing transmits the residual axial thrust of
the rotor to the bearing housing and maintains the
axial position of the rotor in respect of the stator.
Turbine stage %onsists of a set of stationary nozzles and one row of
moving blades, which are mounted, on one wheel.
The working medium expands through the stationary
nozzles to a lower pressure, thus releasing kinetic
energy, which is absorbed by the moving blades.
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Terms Definitions
#otor assembly This is the rotating element of the gas turbine, which
includes all parts attached to the shaft, and has
provision for coupling.
$iscs !wheels" 3heels are discs, which are, part of or fixed to the
gas turbine shaft and on which the blades are
mounted.
hroud A strip attached to or ad7acent to the blade tips to limit
leakage.
peed governing system A system of control elements and devices for the
control of the speed or power output of a gas turbine
and including a speed governor, speed changer, fuel
control mechanism, and other devices and control
elements re2uired to actuate the fuel control valve.
peed governor The primary speed'sensitive element which is directly
responsive to speed and which positions or influences
the action of other control elements.
.uel control mechanism This mechanism controls the flow of fuel to the gas
turbine.
ervomotor .uel controls mechanism, which positions the fuel
throttle valve.
peed changer )sed to change the setting of the speed governing
system for the purpose of ad7usting the speed and 8 or
load of the gas turbine during operation.
+xternal control device An element, which is responsive to, signals that are
external to the gas turbine. &t may be pneumatically,
hydraulically or electrically actuated from the signal
source and acts to control the energy input to the gas
turbine.
%ontrol panel A component on which are mounted the devices used
to initiate, regulate and monitor the necessary
functions for safe operation of the gas turbine.
&nlet silencer An inlet silencer attenuates the sound power level
transmitted through the working medium at the inlet of
the compressor.
+xhaust silencer An exhaust silencer attenuates the sound power level
transmitted through the working medium leaving the
gas turbine.
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Terms Definitions
(ain gear %onverts the speed of the gas turbine output shaft to
the re2uired operating speed of the driven apparatus.
Auxiliary gear %onverts the gas turbine speed to the speed re2uired
by the auxiliary e2uipment.
0aseplate !bedplate" A structural metal frame for supporting the gas turbine
and its auxiliaries as a unit.
+xhaust heat boiler )sed to recover and transfer heat from the working
medium leaving the gas turbine to generate steam or
hot water.
0arring gear &t is used :'
,. To rotate the gas turbine rotor at low speed prior
to starting to facilitate rotor acceleration.
4. $uring the cooling period, immediately after a
shutdown, to prevent excess temperature
gradients across the machine !to assure uniform
temperature distribution in the rotor".
Turbine temperature detector That component of the control system which senses
the temperature of the working medium and provides
the signal to limit the fuel input to the combustor
baskets when maximum temperature is reached.
Accessories Apparatus deemed necessary for the proper
functioning and safety of operation of the gas turbine.
tarting e2uipment The starting e2uipment shall be capable of bringing
the gas turbine up through the normal starting cycle to
self'sustaining speed.
Governing system &ncludes but is not limited to :'
,. peed governor on the load shaft with load
setting device for manual operation at the
machine and 8 or control panel.
4. Overriding maximum turbine temperature
control.
6. +mergency overspeeds governor on the load
shaft !also on the compressor shaft for a two'
shaft machine".
Terms Definitions
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*ubricating system A closed forced'feed system including the following :'
,. Oil reservoir of sufficient capacity and oil piping.
4. (ain oil pump'sized to supply oil re2uirements
for the complete gas turbine unit during normal
operation.
6. Auxiliary and 8 or emergency lube oil pump !s"
with means for testing their operation.
9. *ube oil coolers.
;. #eservoir oil level indicator.
<. Temperature measuring device in the oil feed
header.
=. (eans for automatically activating emergency
lube oil pump.
>. Oil feed header pressure gauge.
?. #elief valves.
upervisory instrumentation -rovided for ade2uately checking and monitoring the
performance of the machine.
,. (aster control switch for semi'automatic start
and for stopping the gas turbine.
4. (eans for controlling power operated speed
changer.
6. #elays to provide the necessary functions for
the control and protective operation of the gas
turbine.
9. tarting and se2uence indicating lights.
;. Temperature indicator for the turbine exhaust
temperature.
<. peed indicator for out put shaft and
compressor shaft for two'shaft machine.
=. *oss of flame indication.
Terms Definitions
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>. Annunciator with audible alarm and individual
malfunction indicators for overspeed, flameout,
low lube pressure, high bearing oil temperature,
and high turbine cooling temperature.
?. -ressure gauges for measuring lube oil header
pressure, fuel pressure, overspeed oil pressure
and control air pressure.
Temperature control system )nder any normal conditions of operation, shall limit
fuel input as necessary to prevent the temperatures in
the turbine from exceeding allowable limits.
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