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II-ORGANIZAO

1. ELABORAO DA ESTRUTURA ORGANIZACIONAL


Estrutura organia!iona" # o !on$unto
or%&na%o %& r&s'onsa(i"i%a%&s) autori%a%&s)
!o*uni!a+,&s & %&!is,&s %as uni%a%&s
organia!ionais %& u*a &*'r&sa-.
Delineamento da estrutura a atividade que tem por objetivo criar uma estrutura
para uma empresa ou ento aprimorar a existente. Naturalmente, a estrutura
organizacional no esttica, o que poderia ser deduzido a partir de um estudo
simples de sua representao grfica o organograma. ! estrutura
organizacional bastante din"mica, principalmente quando so considerados
os seus aspectos informais provenientes da caracterizao das pessoas que
fazem parte de seu esquema.
! estrutura organizacional deve ser delineada, considerando as fun#es de
administrao como um instrumento para facilitar o alcance dos objetivos
estabelecidos.
De acordo com o autor !c$off, o planejamento organizacional deveria estar
voltado para os seguintes objetivos
identificar as tarefas f%sicas e mentais que precisam ser desempen&adas'
agrupar as tarefas em fun#es que possam ser bem desempen&adas e
atribuir sua responsabilidade a pessoas ou grupos, isto , organizar fun#es
e responsabilidades' e
proporcionar aos empregados de todos os n%veis
( informao e outros recursos necessrios para trabal&ar de
maneira to eficaz quanto poss%vel, incluindo feedbac$ sobre o
seu desempen&o real'
( medidas de desempen&o que sejam compat%veis com os
objetivos e metas empresariais' e
( motivao para desempen&ar to bem quanto poss%vel.
)
.. /ETODOLOGIA DE DESEN0OL0I/ENTO
DA
ESTRUTURA ORGANIZACIONAL
No desenvolvimento de uma estrutura organizacional devem(se considerar os
seus componentes, condicionantes e n%veis de influ*ncia. Na mesma forma que
quando de sua implantao +e respectivos ajustes,, muito importante o
processo participativo de todos os funcionrios da empresa, visando a uma
maior integrao e motivao.
-, finalmente, necessrio avaliar a estrutura organizacional implantada,
principalmente quanto ao alcance dos objetivos estabelecidos, bem como, as
influ*ncias dos aspectos formais e informais na empresa. -ntre os fatores
internos que influenciam a natureza da estrutura organizacional da empresa,
segundo 1&t&r Dru!2&r, contam(se
a natureza dos objetivos estabelecidos para a empresa e
seus membros'
as atividades operantes exigidas para realizar esses
objetivos'
a seq.*ncia de passos necessria para proporcionar os
bens ou servios que os membros e clientes desejam ou
necessitam'
as fun#es administrativas a desempen&ar'
as limita#es da &abilidade de cada pessoa na empresa,
alm das limita#es tecnol/gicas'
as necessidades sociais dos membros da empresa' e
o taman&o da empresa.
Dru!2&r, tambm considera os elementos e as mudanas no ambiente externo
que so tambm foras poderosas que do forma 0 natureza das rela#es
externas.
1
2as para o estabelecimento de uma estrutura organizacional, considera(se
como mais adequada a anlise de seus componentes, condicionantes e n%veis
de influ*ncia, conforme apresentado a seguir.
..1 ELE/ENTOS DA ESTRUTURA ORGANIZACIONAL
3om vistas no delineamento da -strutura 4rganizacional ) E%uar%o 1. G.
0as!on!&"os, apresenta os -5-2-N647
CO/1ONENTES %a &strutura Organia!iona" 3
CONDICIONANTES 'ara a 4or*a+5o &
a%a'ta+5o3 &
N60EIS DE IN7LU8NCIA &9ist&nt&s na &strutura
8

9
RECURSOS
:U/ANOS
A/BIENTE
E;TERNO
OB<ETI0OS
ESTRAT=GIAS
RECURSOS
TECNOL>GICOS
SISTE/A DE
RES1ONSABILIDADES
SISTE/A DE
AUTORIDADE
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..1.1 7ATORES CONDICIONANTES DA ESTRUTURA
ORGANIZACIONAL
Damos analisar os vrios fatores que condicionam o estabelecimento de uma
estrutura organizacional.
A . 7ATOR :U/ANO
6odo executivo deve trabal&ar com e atravs de pessoas. - estas pessoas
realizam os trabal&os que permitem que os objetivos estabelecidos sejam
alcanados.
! efici*ncia de uma estrutura depende de sua Bua"i%a%& intrCns&!a e do
valor e da int&gra+5o dos &omens que ela organiza. :ortanto, no
desenvolvimento de uma estrutura organizacional eficiente deve(se levar em
considerao o !o*'orta*&nto & os !onD&!i*&ntos %as
'&ssoas que tero de desempen&ar as fun#es que l&es sero atribu%das.
De acordo com <. 1. Si*&raE, o coeficiente &umano que pondera a qualidade
da estrutura produto dos seguintes fatores
o Fa"or %os Do*&ns3
o !onD&!i*&nto Bu& &"&s 'ossu&* %a &strutura3 &
sua *otiFa+5o 'ara 4aG-"o 4un!ionar %a *&"Dor 4or*a
'ossCF&".
:&nrE 7aEo" enumera que so necessrias determinadas qualidades
&umanas cuja i*'ortHn!ia au*&nta I *&%i%a Bu& a '&ssoa so(& na
Di&rarBuia. -le considera as seguintes capacidades
P
T=CNICA3
DE CO/ANDO3
AD/INISTRATI0A3
DE COO1ERAO3 E
DE INTEGRAO.
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B . 7ATOR A/BIENTE E;TERNO
R
Guando se considera este fator, deve(se analisar o processo de relacionamento
entre a empresa e o seu ambiente externo.
-ste aspecto no est relacionado apenas a uma estratgia inicial 0 poca do
nascimento da empresa, mas tambm 0 avaliao cont%nua das constantes
mudanas no ambiente relevante da empresa e o efeito dessas na sua estrutura
organizacional.
4utro aspecto a considerar que enfoca o fator ambiente externo e a estrutura
organizacional o da anlise do fluxo de decis#es, na qual so identificadas as
decis#es administrativas necessrias para se dirigir uma empresa e as rela#es
entre elas.
Russ&" L. A!2o44 apresenta o seguinte roteiro para anlise
determinar de quais pessoas, fora da empresa, so
as necessidades e os desejos que a empresa tenta
atender'
determinar como essas necessidades ou desejos
so comunicados 0 empresa' e
determinar como a informao necessria
registrada e transmitida a outras pessoas na
empresa.
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C. 7ATOR SISTE/A DE OB<ETI0OS E ESTRAT=GIAS
4 fator sistema de objetivos e estratgias tem influ*ncia na estrutura
organizacional 0 medida que, quando os objetivos e estratgias esto bem
definidos e claros, mais fcil organizar, pois se sabe o que esperar de cada
membro do grupo que comp#e a empresa.
O($&tiFo # o a"Fo ou situa+5o Bu& s&
'r&t&n%& atingir.-
Estrat#gia # a %&4ini+5o %o !a*inDo
*ais a%&Bua%o 'ara a"!an+ar o o($&tiFo.-
D . 7ATOR TECNOLOGIA
E%uar%o 1. G. 0as!on!&"os considera o fator tecnol/gico como o
conjunto de con&ecimentos que so utilizados para operacionalizar as
atividades na empresa para que seus objetivos possam ser alcanados.
S)
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..1.. CO/1ONENTES DA ESTRUTURA
S1
7o Guatro os componentes da estrutura organizacional
..1...1 SISTE/A DE RES1ONSABILIDADE
J o resultado da alocao de atividades sendo constitu%do por
departamentalizao'
lin&a e assessoria' e
!tribui#es das atividades das unidades organizacionais.
R&s'onsa(i"i%a%& r&4&r&-s& I o(riga+5o Bu& u*a
'&ssoa t&* %& 4a&r a"gu*a !oisa a outr&*
J<u!ius & S!D&"&n%&rK.-
4 sistema de responsabilidade refere(se 0 alocao das atividades inerentes a
esta obrigao, 0as!on!&"os.
:ortanto, quando um subordinado assume determinada obrigao, deve prestar
contas 0 pessoa que l&e atribuiu a responsabilidade.
! quantidade de responsabilidade pela qual o subordinado ter de prestar
contas determina a quantidade de autoridade delegada. 4utro aspecto que
permanece na responsabilidade a obrigao do indiv%duo a quem ela foi
atribu%da, ou seja, a responsabilidade no se delega.
A . DE1ARTA/ENTALIZAO
S8
!o se considerar OS TI1OS DE ESTRUTURA
ORGANIZACIONAL deve(se lembrar que estes so os resultados da
departamentalizao. ! departamentalizao pode ser considerada, entre todos
os componentes e subcomponentes da estrutura organizacional, como o mais
con&ecido pelos funcionrios da empresa.
Departamentalizao o agrupamento, de acordo com um critrio espec%fico de
&omogeneidade, das atividades e correspondentes recursos +>umanos,
2ateriais e 6ecnol/gicos, em unidades organizacionais.
! estrutura organizacional representada graficamente no organograma, que
entretanto, no apresenta todos os aspectos da estrutura organizacional.
Organogra*a # a r&'r&s&nta+5o
grL4i!a %& %&t&r*ina%os as'&!tos %a
&strutura organia!iona".-
S9
-xistem algumas formas de a empresa departamentalizar as suas atividades,
As (Lsi!as s5oM
%&'arta*&nta"ia+5o 'or Buanti%a%&3
%&'arta*&nta"ia+5o 4un!iona"3
%&'arta*&nta"ia+5o t&rritoria" Jou g&ogrL4i!aK3
%&'arta*&nta"ia+5o 'or 'ro%utos Jou s&rFi+osK3
%&'arta*&nta"ia+5o 'or !"i&nt&s3
%&'arta*&nta"ia+5o 'or 'ro$&to3
%&'arta*&nta"ia+5o *atri!ia"3
%&'arta*&nta"ia+5o *ista.
SO
A . 1 DE1ARTA/ENTALIZAO 1OR NUANTIDADE
:ara uma empresa trabal&ar com este tipo de departamentalizao, deve
agrupar certo nUmero de pessoas no diferenciveis que, a partir desta
situao, t*m obrigao de executar tarefas sob as ordens de um superior.7ua
utilidade tem diminu%do, principalmente devido aos seguintes aspectos
o %&s&nFo"Fi*&nto %os r&!ursos Du*anos3
os tra(a"Dos %& &Bui'& &s'&!ia"ia%a s5o *ais
&4i!i&nt&s Bu& os (as&a%os &* nO*&ro %& '&ssoas3 &
n5o s&rF& 'ara os nCF&is int&r*&%iLrios & *ais
&"&Fa%os %a &*'r&sa. E *&s*o 'ara os nCF&is *ais
(ai9os %a Di&rarBuia &*'r&saria" a sua Fa"i%a%& s&
r&string& a %&t&r*ina%os s&tor&s %o 'ro!&sso
'ro%utiFo.
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DIRETORIA
1RODUO
GER8NCIA
/ATERIAIS
GER8NCIA
USINAGE/
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GER8NCIA
/ANUTENPO
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A . . DE1ARTA/ENTALIZAO 7UNCIONAL
SQ
!s atividades so agrupadas de acordo com as fun#es da
empresa.
:ode ser considerado o critrio de departamentalizao
mais usado pelas empresas.
SR
DIRETORIA
GER8NCIA
DE
/ARQETING
GER8NCIA
AD/INISTRATI0A
GER8NCIA
DE
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A. R DE1ARTA/ENTALIZAO TERRITORIAL S
GEOGRT7ICA
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@sada em empresas territorialmente dispersas, baseia(se no princ%pio de que
todas as atividades que se realizam em determinado territ/rio devem ser
agrupadas e colocadas sob as ordens de um administrador.
)S
DIRETORIA
CO/ERCIAL
GER8NCIA
REGIO
U.NORTE
GER8NCIA
REGIO
1.NORDESTE
GER8NCIA
REGIO
V.CENTRO
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A . W DE1ARTA/ENTALIZAO 1OR 1RODUTOS S
SER0IOS
))
4 agrupamento dos ;ecursos feito de acordo com as atividades inerentes a
cada um dos produtos ou servios da empresa.
! seguir apresenta(se uma parte do organograma representativo da
departamentalizao por produtos.
)1
DIRETORIA
GER8NCIA
DI0ISO
1LTSTICOS
GER8NCIA
DI0ISO
1IG/ENTOS
GER8NCIA
DI0ISO
NU6/ICA
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A . V DE1ARTA/ENTALIZAO 1OR CLIENTES
)8
!s atividades so agrupadas de acordo com as necessidades variadas e
especiais dos clientes ou fregueses da empresa.
)9
DIRETORIA
1A. RA/OS
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A .X DE1ARTA/ENTALIZAO 1OR 1RO<ETOS
Na departamentalizao por projetos, as atividades e as pessoas recebem
atribui#es temporrias. 4 gerente de projeto responsvel pela realizao de
todo o projeto ou de uma parte dele. 6erminada a tarefa, o pessoal que
temporariamente &avia sido destinado a ela designado para outros
departamentos ou outros projetos. ! departamentalizao por projetos baseia(se
na definio de
projeto
1RO<ETO = U/ TRABAL:O) CO/ DATAS DE IN6CIO E T=R/INO) CO/
1RODUTO 7INAL 1RE0IA/ENTE ESTABELECIDO) E/ NUE SO
ALOCADOS E AD/INISTRADOS OS RECURSOS) TUDO ISTO SOB A
RES1ONSABILIDADE DE U/ COORDENADOR.-
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DIRETORIA
GER8NCIA
AD/ E
7INANAS
GER8NCIA
CO/ERCIAL
GER8NCIA
1RO<ETOS
1RO<ETO
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A . Y DE1ARTA/ENTALIZAO /ATRICIAL
?aseia(se na sobreposio de dois ou mais tipos de departamentalizao sobre
a mesma pessoa. Heralmente, esta sobreposio se refere 0 fuso entre a
estrutura funcional e a estrutura por projetos.
! departamentalizao matricial no leva em considerao o princ%pio clssico
de unidade de comando estabelecido por :&nrE 7aEo" em S.RSO, no seu
livro A%*inistra+5o In%ustria" & G&ra". No entanto, o conflito
interno preconizado pela escola clssica pode ser evitado se existir clara
definio de atribui#es de cada um dos elementos componentes da estrutura.
! departamentalizao matricial, tendo em vista sua caracter%stica de
responsabilidade compartil&ada, exige n%vel de confiana mUtua e capacidade
de improvisao na soluo de problemas. Dessa forma, importante o
estudo de liderana dos elementos da !lta !dministrao, que t*m grande
influ*ncia em relao ao conflito inevitvel desse tipo de departamentalizao,
que pode ser minimizado se administrado com efici*ncia.
Do ponto de vista evolutivo, a departamentalizao matricial surgiu porque as
formas tradicionais de organizar no eram eficazes para lidar com atividades
complexas, envolvendo vrias reas do con&ecimento cient%fico e com prazos
determinados para sua realizao. !s principais raz#es que levaram a
departamentalizao funcional a fracassar nestes tipos de circunst"ncias foram
baixo grau de integrao entre reas cada vez mais especializadas'
falta de um coordenador geral para o projeto com viso ampla para integrar
as vrias especializa#es e relacion(las com as necessidades dos clientes'
e
falta de motivao dos especialistas responsveis por partes de uma
atividade maior, sem um entendimento satisfat/rio de como elas esto
relacionadas com o esforo total.
)R

1T
DIRETORIA
1RODUO
GER8NCIA
1RO<ETOS
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TECNOL>GIC
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/ATERIAIS
RECURSOS
:U/ANOS)
TECNOL>GIC
E
/ATERIAIS
1RO<ETO
A
1RO<ETO
B
1RO<ETO
C
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1S
A . Z DE1ARTA/ENTALIZAO /ISTA
J o tipo mais freq.ente, pois cada parte da empresa deve ter a estrutura que
mais se adapte 0 sua realidade organizacional.
1)
DIRETORIA
GER8NCIA
AD/ E
7INANAS
GER8NCIA
CO/ERCIAL
GER8NCIA
1RO<ETOS
1RO<ETO
EURA/ERIS
AL7A
1RO<ETO
TELECO/
TESOURARIA
CONTTBIL
REGIO
NORTE
REGIO
SUL
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B . LIN:A E ASSESSORIA
11
DE LIN:A) s5o as uni%a%&s
organia!ionais Bu& tG* a+5o %&
!o*an%o) &nBuanto Bu& as uni%a%&s
organia!ionais DE ASSESSORIA n5o
tG* a+5o %& !o*an%o) !a(&n%o-"D&s o
a!ons&"Da*&nto Is uni%a%&s %& "inDa no
%&s&*'&nDo %& suas atiFi%a%&s.
18
LIN:A
LIN:A
LIN:A LIN:A
ASSESSORIA
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C. ATRIBUI?ES DE ATI0IDADES
19
!s atribui#es das unidades organizacionais da empresa t*m como base a
especializao do trabal&o.
! especializao est diretamente ligada 0 DI0ISO DO TRABAL:O,
baseando(se no maior con&ecimento dos diversos e diferentes aspectos
necessrios 0 realizao de determinado trabal&o.
4 equil%brio da especializao do trabal&o na estrutura organizacional, evita
problemas de falta de motivao dos funcionrios devido a realizao de
trabal&os repetitivos e de pouca criatividade.
..1.... SISTE/A DE AUTORIDADE
7istema de !utoridade o resultado da distribuio do poder na 4rganizao,
sendo constitu%do por
a*'"itu%& a%*inistratiFa & nCF&is Di&rLrBui!os3
%&"&ga+5o3 &
%&s!&ntra"ia+5oS!&ntra"ia+5o
1O
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1P
Autori%a%& # o %ir&ito 'ara 4a&r a"gu*a
!oisa. E"a 'o%& s&r o %ir&ito %& to*ar
%&!is,&s) %& %ar or%&ns & r&Bu&r&r
o(&%iGn!ia) ou si*'"&s*&nt& o %ir&ito %&
%&s&*'&nDar u* tra(a"Do Bu& 4oi %&signa%o.
A autori%a%& 'o%& s&r 4or*a" ou in4or*a"
J<u!ius & S!D&"&n%&rK.-
4bserva(se que, ao se descer do n%vel &ierrquico mais alto para o n%vel
&ierrquico mais baixo, a a*'"itu%& de autoridade vai diminuindo at
c&egar ao limite m%nimo.
! autoridade formal representa o poder delegado pelo superior &ierrquico
imediato.
! autoridade informal uma espcie de Xautoridade adquiridaY que
desenvolvida por meio de rela#es informais entre as pessoas da empresa, que
o fazem voluntariamente e por defer*ncia 0 sua posio ou status. Na realidade,
a autoridade informal serve para modificar a autoridade formal na determinao
do quanto ela ter de aceitao por parte dos vrios subordinados nos
diferentes n%veis &ierrquicos.
1Q
A . A/1LITUDE DE CONTROLE
A a*'"itu%& %& !ontro"&) ta*(#* #
%&no*ina%a A*'"itu%& A%*inistratiFa)
ou ain%a A*'"itu%& %& Su'&rFis5o &
r&4&r&-s& I Buanti%a%& %& su(or%ina%os
Bu& u* su'&rior 'o%& su'&rFisionar
'&ssoa"*&nt&) %& 4or*a &4i!i&nt& &
&4i!a-
Guando o nUmero de subordinados maior que a amplitude administrativa,
ocorrer
'&r%a %& !ontro"&3
in&4i!iGn!ia %& !o*uni!a+,&s3
Bu&%a %o nCF&" %& Bua"i%a%&3
%&*ora na to*a%a %& %&!is,&s3 &
%&s*otiFa+5o %os 4un!ionLrios.
1R
Guando o nUmero de subordinados menor que a amplitude administrativa,
ocorrer
4a"ta %& %&"&ga+5o3
!ustos *aior&s3
su(-oti*ia+5o %a a"ta a%*inistra+5o3
%&s*otiFa+5o3 &
'&Bu&no %&s&nFo"Fi*&nto %& R:.
B. DELEGAO
DELEGAO # a trans4&rGn!ia %&
%&t&r*ina%o nCF&" %& autori%a%& %& u*
!D&4& 'ara s&u su(or%ina%o) !rian%o a
!orr&s'on%&nt& r&s'onsa(i"i%a%& '&"a
&9&!u+5o %a tar&4a %&"&ga%a.
8T
:odemos entender como delegao
a trans4&rGn!ia t&*'orLria %o 'o%&r &
r&s'onsa(i"i%a%&) &s'&!C4i!os3
a tar&4a Bu& 4or trans4&ri%a %o !D&4& 'ara o
su(or%ina%o3 &
Nuan%o &9ist& a o(riga+5o Jr&s'onsa(i"i%a%&K
%o su(or%ina%o 'ara !o* o !D&4& na r&a"ia+5o
%a tar&4a.
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8S
C . DESCENTRALIZAO S CENTRALIZAO
CENTRALIZAO a maior concentrao de poder
decis/rio na alta direo de uma empresa.
0ANTAGENSM
2-N4; NZ2-;4 D- NED-<7 ><-;F;G@<347'
2-5>4; @74 D47 ;. >@2!N47, ;. 2!6-<;!<7 - ;.
6-3N45WH<347'
2-5>4; <N6-;!AC4 N4 :;43-774 D-
:5!N-V!2-N64, 34N6;45- - !D!5<!AC4'
@N<K4;2<D!D- N47 :;43-7747 6J3N<347 - !D2'
D-3<7L-7 -76;!6JH<3!7 2!<7 ;F:<D!7' -
2!<4; 7-H@;!NA! N!7 <NK4;2!AL-7.
DESCENTRALIZAO a menor concentrao do poder
decis/rio na !lta !dministrao da empresa, sendo,
portanto, mais distribu%do pelos seus diversos n%veis
&ierrquico.
8)
0ANTAGENSM
H-;!AC4 D- 2!<4; -7:-3<!5<=!AC4 N!7
@N<D!D-7 4;H!N<=!3<4N!<7'
2-N4; -[<HMN3<! D- 6-2:4 N!7 <NK4;2!AL-7 -
D-3<7L-7'
2!<4; D-7-ND45D<2-N64 D- ;. >@2!N47'
2!<4; 246<D!AC4'
:477<?<5<D!D- D- 2!<4; :!;6<3<:!AC4'
642!D! D- D-3<7L-7 2!<7 :;W[<2!7 D47 K!647'
2!<4; 3;<!6<D<D!D- - <N4D!AL-7' -
2!<4; 6-2:4 :!;! ! !56! !D2<N<76;!AC4.
81
CO/1ARA?ES ENTRE
DESCENTRALIZAO E DELEGAO
DESCENTRALIZAO DELEGAO
1. LIGADA AO CARGO 1. LIGADA [ 1ESSOA
.. ATINGE 0TRIOS .. ATINGE U/ N60EL
N60EIS :IERTRNUICOS :IERTRNUICO
R. CARTTER 7OR/AL R. CARTTER IN7OR/AL

W. /ENOS 1ESSOAL W. /AIS 1ESSOAL
V. /AIS ESTT0EL V. /ENOS ESTT0EL
NO TE/1O NO TE/1O
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..1...R SISTE/A DE DECIS?ES
0IDE M T>1ICO III - SISTE/AS-3 ITE/ .. SIG-
89
..1...W SISTE/A DE CO/UNICA?ES
Co*uni!a+5o # o 'ro!&sso *&%iant& o Bua" u*a
*&nsag&* # &nFia%a 'or u* &*issor) atraF#s %&
%&t&r*ina%o !ana") & &nt&n%i%a 'or u* r&!&'tor
J0as!on!&"osK.
4 sistema de comunicao a rede por meio da qual fluem as informa#es que
permitem o funcionamento da estrutura de forma integrada e eficaz
+Dasconcelos, SRP)ST,.
No sistema de comunica#es deve ser considerado
o Bu& %&F& s&r !o*uni!a%o\
!o*o %&F& s&r !o*uni!a%o\
Buan%o %&F& s&r !o*uni!a%o\
%& Bu&* %&F& Fir a in4or*a+5o\
'ara Bu&* %&F& ir a in4or*a+5o\
'or Bu& %&F& s&r !o*uni!a%o\
Buanto %&F& s&r !o*uni!a%o\
A .ESNUE/AS DE CO/UNICAO
De maneira genrica existem dois tipos diferentes de formao de esquemas de
comunicao numa empresa. 7o eles
8O
o formal conscientemente planejado, facilitado e
controlado. -le segue a corrente de comando numa
escala &ierrquica' e
o informal surge espontaneamente na empresa, em ao
0s necessidades de seus menbros.
B . OS 7LU;OS DA CO/UNICAO
!s comunica#es na empresa podem ser realizadas atravs dos
seguintes fluxos
&orizontal, realizado entre unidades organizacionais diferentes, mas do
mesmo n%vel &ierrquico'
diagonal ou transversal, realizado entre unidades organizacionais e n%veis
diferentes' e
vertical, realizado entre n%veis diferentes, mas da mesma rea.
C .O CUSTO DA CO/UNICAO
No estudo das comunica#es entre pessoas ou unidades organizacionais, deve(
se levar em considerao o aspecto custo para a empresa, pois a anlise da
transmisso das informa#es mostra que ela muito mais custosa do que se
poderia pensar, no tanto devido 0s despesas de apoio necessrias, mas
principalmente em funo do tempo que ela absorve e das demoras que
acarreta
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8P
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D. CO/UNICADOS INTERNOS SOBRE O CO/ETA DE
:ALLE]
D&M GERENTE DE GERAL
1araM GERENTE DE DI0ISO
8Q
Na sexta(feira, 0s SP &oras aproximadamente, o cometa de >alle\ estar vis%vel
nesta rea. 6rataTse de um evento que ocorre somente a cada PO anos. !ssim,
por favor, reUna os funcionrios no ptio da fbrica, todos usando capacetes de
segurana, e explicarei a eles o fen]meno, 7e estiver c&ovendo no poderemos
ver nada. Neste caso, reuna os funcionrios no refeit/rio e mostrarei a eles
sobre o cometa.
D&M GERENTE DE DI0ISO
1araM GERENTE DA 7TBRICA
:or ordem do Herente Heral, na sexta(feira, 0s SP &oras, o cometa de >alle\ vai
aparecer sobre na fbrica. 7e c&over, por favor, reUna os funcionrios, todos
usando capacetes de segurana, e os encamin&e ao refeit/rio, onde o raro
fen]meno ter lugar, o que acontece a cada PO anos.
D&M GERENTE DE 7TBRICA
1araM C:E7E DE 1ESSOAL
:or ordem do Herente Heral, 0s SP &oras de sexta(feira, o fenomenal cometa de
>alle\ vai aparecer no refeit/rio, usando capacete de segurana. 7e c&over, o
Herente Heral dar outra ordem, o que ocorre uma vez a cada PO anos.
D&M C:E7E DE 1ESSOAL
1araM SU1ER0ISOR
Na sexta(feira, 0s SP &oras, o Herente Heral vai aparecer no refeit/rio com o
cometa da >alle\, o que acontece a cada PO anos. 7e c&over, o Herente
Heral levar o cometa para o ptio da fbrica, usando capacete de segurana.
8R
D&M SU1ER0ISOR
1araM 7UNCIONTRIOS
N! 7-[6!(K-<;!, ^7 SP >4;!7, G@!ND4
3>4D-;, 4 K-N42-N!5 ?<55 >!55-_, @7!ND4
3!:!3-6- D- 7-H@;!NA! - !342:!N>!D4
:-54 H-;-N6- H-;!5, D!< :!77!; :-5!
KF?;<3! 342 7-@7 342-6!7.
9T
..1...V N60EIS DE IN7LU8NCIA DA ESTRUTURA
ORGANIZACIONAL
9S
ESTRAT=GICO
TTTICO
O1ERACIONAL
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No desenvolvimento de uma estrutura organizacional t*m(se tr*s n%veis de
influ*ncia
9)
n%vel estratgico'
n%vel ttico' e
n%vel operacional.
A . N60EL ESTRAT=GICO DE IN7LU8NCIA
4 planejamento estratgico pode ser conceituado como um processo gerencial
que possibilita ao executivo estabelecer o rumo a ser seguido pela empresa,
com vistas em obter um n%vel de otimizao na relao da empresa com o seu
ambiente.
:ortanto, o n%vel estratgico de influ*ncia considera a estrutura organizacional
de toda a empresa e a mel&or interao desta com o ambiente.
@m exemplo de influ*ncia do n%vel estratgico
A n&!&ssi%a%& %& !ria+5o %& u*a noFa
%iFis5o %a &*'r&sa 'ara *&"Dor a%&Bua+5o
%& u* 'ro%uto ao s&u *&r!a%o-.
91
B . N60EL TTTICO DE IN7LU8NCIA
4 planejamento ttico tem por finalidade otimizar determinada rea de resultado
e no a empresa como um todo.
:ortanto, o n%vel ttico de influ*ncia considera determinado conjunto de
aspectos &omog*neos da estrutura organizacional da empresa.
@m exemplo de influ*ncia do n%vel ttico
A %iFis5o %& u*a Lr&a in%ustria" &* %uas
Lr&as) 'ro%u+5o & t#!ni!a 'ara *&"Dor
a%*inistrar %os r&!ursos &*'r&ga%os.-
C . N60EL O1ERACIONAL DE IN7LU8NCIA
4 planejamento operacional pode ser considerado como a formalizao,
principalmente atravs de documentos escritos, das metodologias de
desenvolvimento e implementao estabelecidas. 4 planejamento operacional
cria condi#es para a adequada realizao dos trabal&os dirios da empresa.
:ortanto, o n%vel operacional considera uma parte bem espec%fica da estrutura
organizacional da empresa.
@m exemplo de influ*ncia do n%vel operacional
A a"t&ra+5o %a &strutura organia!iona" %a
Lr&a %& sist&*as !o* a !ria+5o %& u*a
uni%a%& organia!iona" r&s'onsLF&" '&"as
atiFi%a%&s %& ORGANIZAO) SISTE/AS
E /=TODOS.-
98
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