Railing Sample Calc WGlass

Hansen Architectural Systems ClearVue Railing System Page 1 of 53
EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 elrobison@narrows.com
28 April 2011
Hansen Architectural Systems
5500 SE Alexander ST
Hillsboro, OR 97123
SUBJ: CLEARVUE RAILING
ALUMINUM RAILING
PICKET, CABLE AND GLASS INFILL SYSTEMS
SERIES 100, 200, 300, 350 AND 400 SERIES SYSTEMS
The ClearVue Railing System (CVR) utilizes aluminum extrusions and glass infill to
construct building guards and rails for decks, balconies, stairs, fences and similar
locations. The system is intended for interior and exterior weather exposed applications
and is suitable for use in all natural environments. The CVR may be used for residential,
commercial and industrial applications. The CVR is an engineered system designed for
the following criteria:
The design loading conditions are:
On Top Rail:
Concentrated load = 200 lbs any direction, any location
Uniform load = 50 plf, any perpendicular to rail
On In-fill Panels:
Concentrated load = 50# on one sf.
Distributed load = 25 psf on area of in-fill, including spaces
Wind load = 28.5 psf typical installation (higher wind loads may be allowed
based on post spacing and anchorage method)
Refer to IBC Section 1607.7.1 for loading.
The CVR system will meet or exceed all requirements of the 1997 Uniform Building
Code, 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009 International Building Codes, and state building codes
based on these versions of the IBC, 2000 and 2005 Aluminum Design Manual. Wood
components and anchorage to wood are designed in accordance with the National Design
Specification for Wood Construction.
Edward Robison, P.E.
Typical Installations:
Surface mounted with base plates:
Residential Applications:
Rail Height 36 above finish floor.
Standard Post spacing 6 on center maximum.
Bottom rail intermediate post required over 5.
All top rails
Commercial and Industrial Applications:
Standard Post spacing 5 on center maximum.
All top rails
Core pocket /embedded posts or stainless steel stanchion mounted:
Residential Applications:
Standard Post spacing 6 on center maximum, series 100
8 on center Series 200, 300, 350 and 400.
Bottom rail intermediate post required over 5.
Commercial and Industrial Applications:
Standard Post spacing 6 on center maximum, series 100
6 on center Series 200, 300, 350 and 400.
Contents: Page:
Signature/Stamp Page 3
Load Cases 4
Wind loading 5
Glass Infill 6-9
Posts and mountings 10-24
Series 100 25-28
Top Rails 29-37
Bottom Rails 38-39
Mid Rails 40-41
Rail Connection Block 42
Rail End Caps 43-45
Picket Infills 46-49
Cable Infills 50-53
SIGNED: 28 April 2011
42123
EDWARD C.
ROBISON
EXP 03/31/2014
EXP 12/31/2011
NO. 63683
STATE OF
EXP 02/28/2013
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LICENSED
PROFESSIONAL
ENGINEER
No. 11576-S
EXP 04/30/2012
EDWARD C.
ROBISON
12/31/2011
17546
OREGON
18195PE
EXP 12/31/2012
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73556
EDWARD C. ROBISON
EXP 09/30/2011
EDWARD C. ROBISON
100688
FIRM #F-12044
EXP 12/31/2011
It is a violation of NY law for any person,
unless he is acting under the direction of a
licensed professional engineer to alter this
item in any way. If an item bearing the seal
of an engineer is altered, the altering
engineer shall affix to the item his seal and
the notation "altered by" followed by his
signature and the date of such alteration, and
a specific description of the alteration.
Edward C. Robison
088030
EXP 03/31/2013
EDWARD C.
ROBISON
081.007077
EXP 11/30/2012
LOAD CASES:
Glass rail Dead load = 5 plf for 42 rail height or less.
Loading:
Horizontal load to top rail from in-fill:
25 psf*H/2
Post moments
M
i
= 25 psf*H*S*H/2 =
= 12.5*S*H
2
For top rail loads:
M
c
= 200#*H
M
u
= 50plf*S*H
For wind load surface area:
M
w
= w psf*H*S*H/2 =
= 0.5w*S*H
2
Solving for w :
w = 2M/( S*H
2
)
Wind load equivalent for 42 rail height, 5
post spacing 50 plf top rail load:
M
u
= 50plf*5*3.5 = 875# = 10,500#
w = 2*875/( 5*3.5
2
) = 28.57 psf
Allowable wind load adjustment for other post spacing:
w = 28.57*(5/S)
WIND LOADING ON A BALCONY RAILING
Calculated in accordance with SEI/ASCE 7-05 Section 6.5.13 Design Wind Loads on
Open Buildings and Other Structures. This section is applicable for free standing
guardrails, wind walls and balcony railings because they are not part of the building
structural frame, are open on all sides and do not receive loading from anything other
than the railing surface. Section 6.5.12.4 Components and Cladding is not applicable
because the rails are not part of the building envelope but are outside of the building
envelope. Section 6.5.12.4.4 Parapets may be applied to any of the exposed rails but the
results will be essentially the same as Section 6.5.13 because GC
pi
= 0 for the railings
because all sides are open with no internal pressure so the equation simplifies to:
p = q
p
(GC
p
) = q
z
GC
f
For guardrails the coefficients have the following values:
G = 0.85 from section 6.5.8.2 for a relatively stiff structure.
C
f
= 1.2 From Figure 6-20.
Q
z
= K
z
K
zt
K
d
V
2
I Where:
I = 1.0
K
z
from Table 6-3 at the height z of the railing centroid and exposure.
K
d
= 0.85 from Table 6-4.
K
zt
From Figure 6-4 for the site topography, typically 1.0.
V = Wind speed (mph) 3 second gust, Figure 6-1 or per local authority.
28.5 psf wind load is equivalent to the following wind speeds and exposures (K
zt
= 1.0):
85 mph Exp B, 600 above grade
85 mph Exp C, 350 above grade
85 mph Exp D, 225 above grade
GLASS STRENGTH FULLY TEMPERED INFILL PANELS
All glass is fully tempered glass conforming to the specifications of ANSI Z97.1, ASTM
C 1048-97b and CPSC 16 CFR 1201. The average Modulus of Rupture for the glass F
r
is
24,000 psi. In accordance with UBC 2406.6 or IBC 2407.1.1 glass used as structural
balustrade panels shall be designed for a safety factor of 4.0. This is applicable only to
structural panels (glass provides support to railing). Other locations the glass stress may
be increased by 33% (SF = 3.0) for glass when there is no fall hazard. Glass not used in
guardrails may be designed for a safety factor of 2.5 in accordance with ASTM E1300-
00.
Values for the modulus of rupture, F
R
, modulus of Elasticity, E and shear modulus, G for
glass are typically taken as:
F
R
= 24,000 psi based on numerous published data from various glass
manufacturers. This value is recognized in ASTM E 1300-00, ANSI Z97.1, ASTM C
1048-97b and CPSC 16 CFR 1201 (derivation of the value is required using the provided
formulae and properties). This value is referenced in numerous publications, design
manuals and manufacturers literature.
E = 10,400 ksi is used as the standard value for common glass. While the value
of E for glass varies with the stress and load duration this value is typically used as an
average value for the stress range of interest. It can be found in ASTM E 1300 and
numerous other sources.
G = 3,800 ksi: This is available from various published sources but is rarely used
when checking the deflection in glass. The shear component of the deflection tends to be
very small, about 1% of the bending component and is therefore ignored.
= 0.22 (Typical value of Poissons ratio for common glasses.
The safety factor of 4 is dictated by the building code (1997 UBC 2406.6, 2006 IBC
2407.1.1). It is applied to the modulus of rupture since glass as an inelastic material does
not have a yield point.
There is no deflection limits for the glass in guards other than practical limits for the
opening sizes, retention in the frames and occupant comfort. Refer to ASTM E 1300-00
for a standard method of calculating deflections but the deflection limits are concerned
with glazing in windows and similar parts of the building envelope rather than a free
standing guard. IBC 2403.3 applies a limit of L/175 or 3/4 for the supporting frame.
From IBC Table 1604.3 footnote h similar types of construction have a limit of L/60.
The shear strength of glass tracks closely to the modulus of rupture because failure under
shear load will be a tensile failure with strength limited by the modulus of rupture. Thus
shear loads are transformed using Mohrs circle to determine the critical tension stress to
evaluate the failure load. The safety factor of 4 is applicable to this case same as the
bending case. Thus the shear stress is limited based on principal stresses of 0 and 6,000
psi to 6,000/2 = 3,000 psi.
Bearing stress can be derived in a similar fashion with the principal stresses being 6,000
psi and 6,000 psi so the bearing stress = 6,000 psi.
Bending strength of glass for the given thickness:
I = 12*(t)
3
/12= (t)
3
in
3
/ft
S = 12*(t)
2
/6= 2*(t)
2
in
3
/ft
For lites simply supported on two opposite sides the moment and deflection are
calculated from basic beam theory
M
w
= W*L
2
/8 for uniform load W and span L or
M
p
= P*L/4 for concentrated load P and span L, highest moment P @ center
Maximum wind loads:
W = M
a
*8/L
2
for uniform load W and span L (rail to rail distance)
Deflection can be calculated using basic beam theory:
! = 5wL
4
/(384EI) for uniform load
Simplifying:
! = [wL
4
/t
3
]/(9.58 x 10
9
)for w in psf and L in inches
For concentrated load:
! = PL
3
/(48EI)
Simplifying:
! = PL
3
/(4.992*10
8
t
3
)
Maximum allowable deflection: Use L/60 deflection limit for infill. This will prevent
glass from deflecting enough to disengage from the frame.
For uniform load (wind load)
Solving for w
w = [t
3
*1.595*10
8
]/L
3
Solving for L
L = [(t
3
*1.595*10
8
)/w]
1/3
Solving for t
t = [L
3
w/(1.595*10
8
)]
1/3
For Concentrated load
Solving for P
P = (8.32*10
6
t
3
)/L
2
Solving for L
L = [8.32*10
6
*t
3
/P]
1/2
Solving for t
t = [PL
2
/(8.32*10
6
)]
1/3
From IBC 2407 the minimum nominal glass thickness for infill panels in guards is 1/4
1/4 FULLY TEMPERED GLASS
Weight = 2.89 psi
t
ave
= 0.223
For 1/4 glass S = 2*(0.223)
2
= 0.0995 in
3
/ft
M
allowable
= 6,000psi*0.0995 in
3
/ft = 597#/ft
For FS = 3.0 (no fall hazard, glass fence or wind screen)
Mall = 597#*4/3 = 796#
Moment for 36 wide lite (infill for 42 rail height) 25 psf or 50 lb load
M
w
= 25psf*3
2
*12//8= 337.5#
M
p
= 50*36/4 = 450#
M
w
= 25psf*3.5
2
*12//8= 459.4#
M
p
= 50*42/4 = 525#
for 36 wide lite (infill for 42 rail height)
W = 597#*8/(3*36)= 44 psf
W = 597#*8/(3.5*42)= 32.5 psf
Deflection:
36 wide lite (infill for 42 rail height) 25 psf or 50 lb load
L/60 = 36/60 = 0.60
! = [25*36
4
/0.25
3
]/(9.58 x 10
9
) = 0.28
or ! = 50*36
3
/(4.992*10
8
*0.25
3
) = 0.30
3/8 FULLY TEMPERED GLASS
Weight = 4.75 psi
t
ave
= 0.366
For 3/8 glass S = 2*(0.366)
2
= 0.268 in
3
/ft
M
allowable
= 6,000psi*0.268 in
3
/ft = 1,607#/ft
For FS = 3.0 (no fall hazard, glass fence or wind screen)
Mall = 1,607#*4/3 = 2,143#
M
w
= 25psf*3
2
*12//8= 337.5#
M
p
= 50*36/4 = 450#
M
w
= 25psf*3.5
2
*12//8= 459.4#
M
p
= 50*42/4 = 525#
W = 1,607#*8/(3*36)= 119 psf
W = 1,607#*8/(3.5*42)= 87.5 psf
Deflection:
36 wide lite (infill for 42 rail height) 25 psf or 50 lb load
L/60 = 36/60 = 0.60
! = [25*36
4
/0.366
3
]/(9.58 x 10
9
) = 0.089
or ! = 50*36
3
/(4.992*10
8
*0.366
3
) = 0.095
Check maximum wind load based on deflection:
36 width w = [0.366
3
*1.595*10
8
]/36
3
=

167 psf (does not control)
42 width w = [0.366
3
*1.595*10
8
]/42
3
=

105 psf (does not control)
2-3/8 Square Post
6061-T6 Aluminum
Post
-Area 0.995
I
xx
= I
yy
= 0.863 in
4
S = 0.726 in
3
r = 0.923 in
J = 0.98 in
k " 1 for all applications
Allowable bending stress ADM Table 2-21
S
1
= L
B
S
C
= L
B
0.726 = 1.58 L
B
0.5 I
y
J 0.5 0.863 0.98
for L
B
" 146 = 92 # F
CB
= 21 ksi
158
for L
B
> 92 F
CB
= 2.390.24(1.58 L
B
)
1/2

POST EXTRUSION ACTUAL SIZE
M
all
= 0.726 19
ksi
= 13,794
#
= 1,149.5
#
ft
2.375
t = 0.1
Post 45 Corner
6061-T6
Post Section Properties
-Area 1.261
I
xx
= 1.120 in
4
I
yy
= 1.742 in
4
S
xx
= 0.812 in
3
S
yy
= 0.900 in
3
r
xx
= 0.975 in
r
yy
= 1.175 in
J = 1.146 in
k = 1 for all applications
Allowable bending stress ADM
Table 2-21
S
1
= L
B
S
C
= L
B
0.900 =
0.5 I
y
J 0.5 1.120 1.146
=1.58 L
B
for L
B
" 146 = 92 # F
CB
= 21 ksi
1.58
for L
B
> 92 F
CB
= 2.390.24(1.58 L
B
)
1/2
M
all
= 0.812 19
ksi
= 15,428
#
= 1,286
#
ft
Connection to base plate
Post uses standard base plate
2
.1
2
5
0
0
2
.
3
7
5
0
0
Connection to base plate
Failure modes # screw tension
# screw shear
# screw withdrawal
For screw withdrawal
See ADM 5.4
From testing screw engagement in slot is
adequate so that failure is consistently screw
rupture without withdrawal from the slot.
Base plate to post screws are AISI 4037 steel
alloy fabricated in accordance with SAE J429
Grade 8 and coated with Magni 550 corrosion
protection.
Refer to base plate attachment strength test
report for determination of allowable screw
tension strength and allowable moment on the connection.
Average failure moment = 22,226#
Safety factor calculated in accordance with ADM 9.3.2 = 2.07
Allowable Moment on the base plate to post connection:
M
allowable
= 22,226#/2.07 = 10,895#
Allowable screw tension load:
T
all
= 10,895#/(2*2.28) = 2,389# From testing
Calculated strength:
Screw tension # F
tU
= 0.0376 150 ksi = 5,640
#
Screw rupture on net tension area
For fracture SF = 1.6/(0.9*0.75) = 2.37 # 5,640/2.37 =2,380
#
Using the calculated screw strength
M
all
= 2 2,380
#
2.28 = 10,852
#
4.375"
2.28"
.8125"
1.3125"
5"
.
3
7
5
"
Cp
Ts
Cb
Tb
Base plate bending stress
F
t
= 24 ksi # S
min
= 5 3/8
2
= 0.117 in
3
6
Base plate allowable moment
M
all
= 24 ksi 0.117 in
3
= 2,812
#
# Base plate bending stress
T
B
= C
M = 0.8125 T
B
2
T
all
= 2,812 = 1,730
#
2 0.8125
Maximum post moment for base plate strength
M
all
= 2 1,730 4.375 = 15,142
#
Limiting factor = screws to post

M
ult
= 2 5,314
#
2.28 = 24,232
#
M
all
= 2 2,293
#
2.28 = 10,500
#
Refer to Guard Rail Post To Base Plate Screw
Connection Strength report dated 11/22/2010
by his engineer.
For factors of safety refer to Aluminum Design Manual Section 5.3.2.1
and SEI/ASCE 8-02 section 5
BASE PLATE ANCHORAGE
T
Des
= 10,500 = 1,195
#
2 4.375
adjustment for concrete bearing pressure:
a = 2*1,195/(2*3000psi*4.75) = 0.087
T
Des
= 10,500 = 1,206
#
2 (4.375-0.087/2)
For 200# top load and 42 post ht
T
200
= 8,400 = 960#
2*4.375
For 42 post height the maximum live load at the top of the post is:
P
max
= 10,500
#
/42 = 250
#
For 50 plf live load maximum post spacing is:
S
max
= 250
#
/50 plf = 5 = 50
2 3/8" SQ. AL. TUBE
BUTTON
LOCK NUT
BUTTON WASHER
5x5x3/8 BASE
PLATE
BASE PLATE SCREW
3/8 BOLT
RAISED BASEPLATE DESIGN AND ANCHORAGE
Baseplates are raised up and bear on nuts installed on epoxy anchored threaded rod.
Guard rail Height: 42
loading: 200# concentrated load or
50 plf uniform load on top rail or
25 psf distributed load on area or
25 psf = 80 mph exp C wind load:
Design moment on posts:
M
l
= 42*200# = 8,400#
M
l
= 42*50plf*5ft = 10,500#
M
w
= 3.5*5*25psf*42/2 = 9,188#
Design anchorage for 10,500# moment.
Design shear = 438# (wind)
Bolt tension for typical
design
T=10,500/(2*3.75)=1,400#
Anchor to concrete:
3/8 x 5 all-thread
embedment depth = 3.5 and
4,000 psi concrete strength.
Allowable loads taken from
ER-5560,
T = 2,700# Adjustment for
anchor spacing = 3.75
C
s
@ 3.75 = 1-0.20[(5.625-
3.75)/4.5] = 0.917
Adjustment for edge
distance = 2-1/8
C
e
= 1-0.30[(3.375-
2.125)/2.25] = 0.833
T = 2,700#*0.917*0.833 =
T=2,062#
Check base plate strength: Bending is biaxial because it sits on bearing nuts:
M = (3.75-2.28)/2*1,400#*2*!2 = 2,910#
Bending stress in plate
4.375"
2.28"
.8125"
1.3125"
5"
.
3
7
5
"
Cp
Ts
Cb
Tb
V
M
3.75"
E
E
B
The effective width at the post screws: 3.86
S = 2*3.86*0.375
2
/6 = 0.181 in
3
f
b
= 2,910/0.181 = 16,080 psi
Allowable = 19 ksi
Bearing on nut:
Area = (0.8
2
-0.5625
2
)" = 1.0 in
2
f
B
= 1,400#/1.0 = 1,400 psi - Okay
Screws to post okay based on standard base plate design
Posts okay based on standard post design
OFFSET BASE PLATE
Offset base plate will have same allowable loads as the standard base plate.
Anchors to concrete are same as for standard base plate.
BASEPLATE MOUNTED TO WOOD SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCE
For 200# top load and 36 post
height: M = 200#*36 = 7,200#
T
200
= 7,200 = 823#
2*4.375
Adjustment for wood bearing:
a = 2*823/(1.33*625psi*5)= 0.4
T = 7,200/[2*(4-0.4/2)]= 947#
Required embed depth:
For protected installations the
minimum embedment is:
l
e
= 947#/323#/in = 2.93 : +7/32 for tip = 3.15
For weather exposed installations the minimum embedment is:
l
e
= 947#/243#/in = 3.90 : +7/32 for tip = 4.12
FOR WEATHER EXPOSED INSTALLATIONS USE 5 LAG SCREWS AND
INCREASE BLOCKING TO 4.5 MINIMUM THICKNESS.
REFER TO GUARD POSTS MOUNTED TO WOOD DECKS RESIDENTIAL
INSTALLATIONS 42 GUARD HEIGHT REPORT FOR OTHER DETAILS AND
MOUNTING REQUIREMENTS FOR MOUNTING TO WOOD FRAMING.
MAY BE USED FOR COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS AT 4 POST SPACING.
Expansion Bolt alternative Mounting to Concrete:
Typical anchor to concrete: 3/8 x 3-3/4 Ramset/Red Head Tru-Bolt wedge anchor set
in 3-1/8 deep hole, effective embedment depth = 2-5/8 and 3,000 psi concrete strength.
Allowable loads taken from ESR-2251, see attached excerpts. Special inspection
required.
T = 1,764#
Adjustment for anchor spacing = 3.75
C
s
@ 3.75 = 0.7+0.30[3.75/(1.5*2.625)] = 0.986
T = 1,764*0.986 = 1,739#
Minimum edge distance for C
e
= 1.0 (E = centerline of bolt to free edge of concrete)
E = 3
Maximum post moment for T = 1,739#
M
a
= 2*4.375*1,739# = 15,216# = 1,268#
Allowable load will be controlled by the post to base plate connection and not the anchor
to stairs/landing connections.
Excerpts from ESR-2251
ALLOWABLE SUBSTITUTIONS:
Use same size anchor and embedment
Hilti Kwik Bolt TZ in accordance with ESR-1917
Powers Power Stud+ SD2 in accordance with ESR-2502
Core Mounted Posts
Mounted in either 4x4x4 blockout, or 4 to 6 dia by 4 deep cored hole.
Assumed concrete strength 2500 psi
for existing concrete
Max load 650 plf = 300#
M = 300#42 = 12,600#
Check grout reactions
From $M
PL
= 0
P
U
= 12,600# + 300# 3.33 = 5093#
2.67
f
Bmax
= 5093#2 1/0.85 = 2523 psi post to grout
22.375
f
Bconc
= 2523 2/4 = 1262 psi grout to concrete
Core mount okay for 6 post spacing
4"
V
M
Pu
Pl
2/3D
D
FASCIA BRACKET
Allowable stresses
ADM Table 2-24 6063-T6
Aluminum
Ft = 15 ksi, uniform tension
Ft = 20 ksi, flat element bending
F
B
= 31 ksi
Fc = 20 ksi, flat element bending
Section Properties
Area: 2.78 sq in
Perim: 28.99 in
I
xx
: 3.913 in
4
I
yy
: 5.453 in
4
C
xx
: 1.975 in/1.353 in
C
yy
: 2.954 in
S
xx
: 1.981 in
3
front
S
xx
: 2.892 in
3
S
yy
: 1.846 in
3
1.75 2.41
2
.
4
1
2.41
0.1875
0
.
1
8
7
5
2.7813
3
.
1
4
0
7
0
.
5
4
6
9
Allowable moment on bracket:
Ma = Ft*S
Ma
xx
= 15 ksi*1.981 in
3
= 29,175# - Outward moment
Ma
yy
= 15 ksi*1.846 in
3
= 27,690# - Sidewise moment
Flange bending strength
Determine maximum allowable
bolt load:
Tributary flange
b
f
= 8t = 8*0.1875 = 1.5 each
side of hole
bt =1.5+1+0.5+1.75 =
4.75
S= 4.75*0.1875
2
/6=0.0278 in
3
Ma
f
= 0.0278 in
3
*20 ksi =
557#
Allowable bolt tension
T = Ma
f
/0.375 = 1,485#
3/8 bolt standard washer
For Heavy washer
T=Ma
f
/0.1875= 2,971#
Typical Installation Post load = 250# at 42 AFF Top hole is 3 below finish floor
T
up
= [250#*(42+ 7)/5]/2 bolts = 1,225# tension
T
bot
= [250#(42+3)/5]/2 bolts = 1,125# tension
For centerline holes:
T = [250#*(42+ 5)/3]/2 bolts = 1,958# tension
For lag screws into beam face:
- 3/8 lag screw withdrawal strength per NDS Table 11.2A
Wood species G # 0.43 W = 243#/in
Adjustments Cd = 1.33, Cm = 0.75 (where weather exposed)
No other adjustments required.
W = 243#/in*1.33 = 323 #/in where protected from weather
W = 243#/in*1.33*0.75 = 243#/in where weather exposed
For protected installations the minimum embedment is:
l
e
= 1,225#/323#/in = 3.79 : +7/32 for tip = 4.0
l
e
= 1,225#/243#/in = 5.04 : +7/32 for tip = 5.26 requires 5-1/2 screw
4.50
4
.
0
0
0.375
1
.
0
0
1
.
0
0
0
.
7
5
0.50
Fascia Brackets- Single Family Residence installations to wood deck:
T
up
= [200#*(36+ 7)/5]/2 bolts = 860# tension
T
bot
= [200#(36+3)/5]/2 bolts = 780# tension
l
e
= 860#/323#/in = 2.66 : +7/32 for tip = 2.88
l
e
= 860#/243#/in = 3.54 : +7/32 for tip = 3.76
4 lag screws are acceptable for installation with 36 guard height on residential decks.
Backing may be either built-up 2x lumber or solid beams.
T
up
= [200#*(42+ 7)/5]/2 bolts = 980# tension
T
bot
= [200#(42+3)/5]/2 bolts = 900# tension
l
e
= 980#/323#/in = 3.03 : +7/32 for tip = 3.25
l
e
= 980#/243#/in = 4.03 : +7/32 for tip = 4.25
5 lag screws are required for installation with 42 guard height on residential decks.
Backing may be either built-up 2x lumber or solid beams.
FASCIA MOUNTED POST
Commercial application Load = 200# or 50 plf any direction on top rail
For 42 rail height and 4 on center post spacing:
P = 200# or 50plf*4 = 200#
M
deck
= 42*200plf = 8,400#
Load from glass infill lites:
Wind = 25 psf
M
deck
= 3.5*25psf*42/2*4o.c. = 7,350#
DL = 4*(3 psf*3+3.5plf)+10# = 60# each post (vertical load)
Typical anchor to wood: 3/8 lag screw. Withdrawal strength of the lags from National
Design Specification For Wood Construction (NDS) Table 11.2A.
For Doug-Fir Larch or equal, G = 0.50
W = 305 #/in of thread penetration.
C
D
= 1.33 for guardrail live loads, = 1.6 for wind loads.
C
m
= 1.0 for weather protected supports (lags into wood not subjected to wetting).
T
b
= WC
D
C
m
l
m
= total withdrawal load in lbs per lag
W= WC
D
C
m
=305#/*1.33*1.0 = 405#/in
Lag screw design strength 3/8 x 5 lag, l
m
= 5-2.375-7/32 = 2.4
T
b
= 405*2.4 = 972#
Z
ll
= 220# per lag, (horizontal load) NDS Table 11K
Z
ll
= 220#*1.33*1.0 = 295#
Z
T
= 140# per lag, (vertical load)
Z
T
= 140#*1.33*1.0 = 187#
Anchors to be minimum of 7 center to
center and post shall extend 1-1/2 below
bottom anchor.
From $M about end
M = (8.5*T+1.5*1.5/8.5*T) = 8.76T
Allowable post moment
M
a
=972#*8.76 = 8,515#
For 3/8 lag screw okay for 36 rail height
For 3/8 carriage bolts:
Allowable load per bolt = 0.11 in
2
*20
ksi = 2,200#
For bearing on 2 square bearing
plate area = 3.8 in
2
P
b
= 3.8 in
2
*1.19*405*1.33 = 2,436#
M
a
= 2,200#*8.76 = 19,272#
(exceeds post strength)
For vertical load lag capacity is:
2 lags*187# = 374#/post for live load
2 lags#140# = 280#
D + L = 200/374+60/280 = 0.75<1.0 okay
For corner posts:
For interior and exterior corners there is four lags, two each way. Two lags will act in
withdrawal and two will be in shear: Okay be inference from running posts.
7
.
0
0
Tu
Td
1
.
5
"
2
.
5
"
STANCHION MOUNT
2x1-1/2x 1/8 304 1/4 Hard Stainless steel tube
Stanchion Strength
F
yc
= 50 ksi
Z
yy
= 0.543 in
3
Reserve strength method from SEI ASCE8-02
section 3.3.1.1 procedure II.
where d
c
/t = (2*2/3) /0.125 = 10.67 < %
1
%
1
= 1.1/!(F
yc
/E
o
) = 1.1/!(50/28*10
3
) = 26
M
n
= 0.543 in
3
* 50 ksi = 27,148#
M
s
= M
n
/1.6 = 0.9*27,148/1.6 = 15,270#
Equivalent post top load
42 post height
V = 15,270#/42 = 363#
Post may be attached to stanchion with screws
or by grouting.
Grout bond strength to stanchion:
A
surface
!fc = 7*4*!8,000 psi =
2,500# (ignores mechanical bond)
for 200# maximum uplift the safety factor
against pulling out:
SF = 2,500#/200# = 12.5 > 3.0 therefore okay.
Bearing strength on grout:
From $M about base of stanchion = 0
P
u
= M+V*D =
2/3D
For: M = 10,500#, V = 250lb, D = 4
P
u
= 10,500+250*4 = 4,312#
2/3*4
f
Bmax
= P
u
*2 = 4,312*2 = 1,691 psi
D*1.5*0.85 4*1.5*0.85
For: M = 12,600#, V = 300lb, D = 4
P
u
= 12,600+300*4 = 5,175#
2/3*4
f
Bmax
= P
u
*2 = 2,029 psi
D*1.5*0.85
Post bearing load on top of stanchion for M = 12,600#:
B = 12,600/6 = 2,100#
For 26 ksi allowable bearing pressure, A = 2.1/26 = 0.081, b = 0.081/1.5 = 0.054
4
"

M
I
N
4"
6
"

M
I
N
CORE POCKET FILL
WITH BONSAL
ANCHOR CEMENT,
NON- SHRINK,
NON- METALLIC
GROUT
(
2
)

#
1
0

S
T
S

S
C
R
E
W
S
4"
V
M
Pu
Pl
2/3D
D
STANCHION MOUNT ON BASE PLATE
2x1-1/2x 1/8 A304 1/4 hard Stainless steel tube
Stanchion Strength
F
yc
= 50 ksi
Z
yy
= 0.543 in
3
Reserve strength method from SEI ASCE8-02
section 3.3.1.1 procedure II.
where d
c
/t = (2*2/3) /0.125 = 10.67 < %
1
%
1
= 1.1/!(F
yc
/E
o
) = 1.1/!(50/28*10
3
) = 26
M
n
= 0.543 in
3
* 50 ksi = 27,148#
M
s
= M
n
/1.6 = 0.9*27,148/1.6 = 15,270#
Equivalent post top load
42 post height
V = 15,270#/42 = 363#
Weld to base plate : 1/8 fillet weld all around develops full wall thickness.
Check weld strength SEI/ASCE 8-02 section 5.2.2: transverse loaded fillet weld:
P
n
= tLF
ua
, Use Z for tL
P
n
= 0.55*0.362*80 ksi
P
n
= 15,928
Ps = 15,928/1.2 = 13,273#
Grout bond strength to stanchion:
A
surface
!fc = 7*6*!10,000 psi = 4,200# (ignores mechanical bond)
for 200# maximum uplift the safety factor against pulling out:
SF = 4,200#/200# = 21 > 3.0 therefore okay.
Bond strength to post is similar.
5"
6
"
GROUT FILLER
AROUND
STANCHION
V
M
5"x5"x3/8" STEEL
BASE PLATE
1/8
Series 100 Top Rail
Butts into post
Alloy 6063 T6 Aluminum
Allowable Stress
ADM Table 2-24
F
T
= 15 ksi
F
C
# 6 span
2 Lb SC = 272 0.246
(IyJ) (0.295*1.53)
1/2
= 52.7<130 therefore
Fc = 15 ksi
Allowable Moments !
Horiz.= 0.295in
3
"15 ksi = 4,425# = 368.75 #
Vertical load = 0.246in
3
"15 ksi = 3,690# = 307.5 #
Maximum allowable load for 72 o.c. post spacing - vertical
W = 3,690#*8/(69.625
2
) = 6.09 pli = 73.1 plf
P = 3,690#*4/69.625 = 212#
Maximum span without load sharing, P = 200# - vertical
S = 3,690#*4/200# = 73.8 clear
Max post spacing =73.8+2.375 = 76.175
For horizontal loading rail strength is greater and therefore okay by inference.
Maximum allowable load for 72 length horizontal load
W = 4,425#*8/72
2
= 6.8 pli = 81.9 plf
P = 4,425#*4/72 = 245.8#
Maximum span for P = 200# and W = 50 plf horizontal load
W = !(368.75#*8/50) = 7.68 = 7 8.5
P = 368.75#*4/200 = 7.375 = 73.5 controls
SERIES 100 BOTTOM RAIL
Rail Properties:
6063-T6 Aluminum
I
xx
= 0.102 in
4
, S
xx
= 0.101 in
3
I
yy
= 0.164 in
4
, S
yy
= 0.193 in
3
r
xx
= 0.476, r
yy
= 0.603
For 72 on center posts; L = 72-2.375-1x2 = 67.625 ; L
b
= 1/2L = 33.81
Lb/ry = 33.81/0.603 = 56 From ADM Table 2-24
Fbc = 16.7-0.073" 56 = 12.6 ksi
Allowable Moments ! Horiz.= 0.193in
3
"12.6 ksi =2,432#
Maximum allowable load for 72 o.c. post spacing
W = 2,432#*8/(67.625
2
) = 4.25 pli = 51 plf
P = 2,432#*4/67.625 = 144#
Max span for 50 plf load = (8*2,432/(50/12))1/2 = 68.33 clear span
Rail fasteners -Bottom rail connection block to post #10!1.5 55 PHP SMS Screw
Check shear @ post (6005-T5 or 6061-T6)
2x F
upost
x dia screw x Post thickness x SF
V= 2#38 ksi #0.1697 # 0.10 # 1 =
3 (FS)
V = 430#/screw
Since minimum of 2 screws used for each
Allowable load = 2# 430# = 860#
Rail Connection to RCB
2 screws each end
#8 Tek screw to 6063-T6
V= 2#30 ksi #0.1309 # 0.07 # 1 = 183#
3 (FS)
V
All
= 2*183 = 366#
Intermediate post used to provide additional support to bottom rail.
1.4 square 0.1 wall thickness
Acts in compression only.
Secured to rail with two #8 tek screws
Shear strength of screws:
V= 2#30 ksi #0.1309 # 0.07 # 1 = 183#
3 (FS)
V
All
= 2*183 = 366#
Top rail connection to post face:
Use RCB attached to post with 2 #10 screws same as bottom rail.
To 6061-T6 or 6005-T5
V= 2#38 ksi #0.1697 # 0.10 # 1 = 430#/screw
3 (FS)
Since minimum of 2 screws
used for each
Allowable load =
2# 430# = 860#
The connection block can be
cut square for use in
horizontal rail applications
or angled for use in sloped
applications such as along
stairs or ramps.
Connection of rail to RCB is with (2) #8 Tek screw to 6063-T6
V= 2#30 ksi #0.1309 # 0.07 # 1 = 183#
3 (FS)
V
tot
= 2*183# = 366# # 200# okay
CAP RAIL
100
SERIES
POST CAP
ANGLED ATTACHMENT
BRACKET CUT FOR
RAIL CONNECTING
(RCB)
POST
BOTTOM
2 3/8" SQ.
Intermediate post fitting
Used for intermediate posts along stairways
Fitting locks into top of post using structural silicone.
Maximum load on fitting is 300#
6 post spacing * 50 plf = 300#
Shear resisted by direct bearing between fitting and post
area = 2.175*0.1875 = 0.408 in
2
Bearing pressure = 300#/.408 = 736 psi
Moment of fitting to post:
This is an intermediate post with rotation of top rail restrained at rail ends.
Moment of fitting is created by eccentricity between bottom of top rail and top of
post: e = 0.425
M = 300# * (0.425) = 127.5#
Moment on fitting is resisted by tearing
in silicone
Silicone tear strength: From Dow
Corning, (silicone manufacturer), CRL
95C Silicone is the same product as the
Dow Corning 995 Silicone Structural
Glazing Sealant, from Dow Corning
product information sheet
Tear strength # 49 ppi
Peel strength # 40 ppi
Ult. tension adhesion # 170 psi
Tensile strength # 48 psi @
25% elongation
Tensile strength # 75 psi @
50% elongation
Moment capacity:
49*2.175
2
+ (49)/2 psi *2.175
2
= 348#
SF = 348#/127.5# = 2.73 > 2.0 okay
Option #8 Tek screws:
Shear strength = V= 2#38 ksi #0.1309 # 0.07 # 1 = 232#
3 (FS)
Added moment capacity = 232#*2.375 = 551#
CAP RAIL
POST
INTERMEDIATE
2 3/8" SQ.
ADAPTOR
STAIR POST
INTERMEDIATE
OPTIONAL #8 TEK SCREW
OPTIONAL #8 TEK SCREW
SILICONE
ADHESIVE
ALL AROUND
SILICONE
ADHESIVE
ALL AROUND
Series 200 Top rail
Area: 0.887 sq in
I
xx
: 0.254 in
4
I
yy
: 1.529 in
4
r
xx
: 0.536 in
r
yy
: 1.313 in
C
xx
: 1.194 in
C
yy
: 1.750 in
S
xx
: 0.213 in
3
bottom
S
xx
: 0.457 in
3
top
S
yy
: 0.874 in
3
6063-T6 Aluminum alloy
For 72 on center posts; L = 72-2.375-1x2 = 67.625 ; kL
b
= 1/2L = 33.81
Fbc = 16.7-0.073" 33.81 = 14.82 ksi From ADM Table 2-24
1.313
F
t
= 15 ksi
3
"14.82 ksi = 12,953# = 1,079#
3
"14.82 ksi = 6,773# top compression
or = 0.213in
3
"15 ksi = 3,195# controls vertical- bottom tension
W = 3,195#*8/(67.625
2
) = 5.59 pli = 67 plf
P = 3,195#*4/67.625 = 189# Load sharing with bottom rail required for 6 foot
post spacing. Spreader bar at mid span (3 maximum spacing) will subdivide top rail and
provide required additional support.
Maximum span without load sharing, P = 200#
S = 3,195#*4/200# = 63.9 clear
Max post spacing =63.9+2.375 = 66-1/4, 5 6-1/4
For horizontal load, maximum span for 50 plf load
L = (8Ma/50plf)
1/2
= (8*1,079/50plf)
1/2
= 13.14
for 200# concentrated load
L = (4M/200#) = (4*1,079/200plf)= 21.58
deflection limits will control.
Top rail 300
Area: 0.881 sq in
Perim: 21.29 in
Ixx: 0.603 in
4
Iyy: 1.149 in
4
Kxx: 0.828 in
Kyy: 1.142 in
Cxx: 1.599 in
Cyy: 1.501 in
Sxx: 0.377 in
3
Syy: 0.766 in
3
Allowable stresses 6063-T6 ADM Table 2-24
F
Cb
# (R
b
/t) = (1.5/0.09) = 16.67 < 35; F
Cb
= 18ksi
Based on 72 max post spacing
M
all horiz
= 18
ksi
(0.766) = 13,788
#
Vertical loads shared with bottom rail
For vertical load # bottom in tension top comp.
F
b
= 18 ksi
M
all vert
= (0.377in
4
) 18 ksi = 6,786
#
Allowable loads
Horizontal # uniform # W= 13,788 8 = 21.28 #/in = W = 255 plf
72
2
P
H
= 4 13,788 = 766 #
72
Vertical # W = 6,786 8 = 10.47 #/in = 125.7 plf (Top rail alone)
72
2
P = 6,786 4 = 377 #
72
Rail to post connection: Direct bearing for downward forces and horizontal forces:
For uplift connected by (2) #10 Tek screws each post:
2x F
upost
x dia screw x Post thickness / SF (ADM 5.4.3)
V= 2#30 ksi #0.1379 # 0.09 # 1 = 325#/screw
3 (FS)
3.00
2
.
8
8
2.482
Top rail 300X
2

3
/
1
6
3
Area: 0.761 sq in
Perim: 17. 924 in
Ixx: 0.347 in^4
Iyy: 0. 984 in^4
Kxx: 0.675 in
Kyy: 1.137 in
Cxx: 1.124 in
Cyy: 1.500 in
Sxx: 0.309 in^3
Syy: 0. 656 in^3
Wall thickness t = 0.09375 min.
Allowable stresses ADM Table 2-24
F
Cb
# L/ r
y
= (72 2 3/8 2.1) = 59.4 line 11
1.137
F
Cb
= 16.7 0.073(59.4) = 12.36 ksi
M
all horiz
= 12.36
ksi
(0.656) = 8,111
#
F
b
= 18 ksi line 3
F
c
= 18 ksi line 16.1
M
all vert
= (0.309in
4
) 18 ksi = 5,562
#
Allowable loads
Horizontal # uniform # W= 8,111 8 = 12.5 #/in = W = 150 plf
72
2
P
H
= 4 8,111 = 451 #
72
Vertical # W = 5,562 8 = 5.6 #/in = 103 plf (Top rail alone)
72
2
P = 5,562 4 = 309 #
72
Insert channel for glass 6063-T6
I
yy
= 0.156 in
4
I
xx
= 0.023 in
4
S
yy
= 0.125 in
3
S
xx
= 0.049 in
4
Insert compression locks into top rail
Horizontal forces transferred between insert and top rail by direct bearing on locking
tabs.
Bearing area = 1/8 width
Allowable bearing load will be controlled by
spreading of top rail
Check significance of circumferential stress:
R/t = 3/0.09375 = 32 > 5 therefore can
assume plane bending and error will be minimal
M = 2.08*W
M
all
= S*F
b
F
b
= 20 ksi for flat element bending in own
plane, ADM Table 2-24
S = 12/ft*(0.094)
2
/6 = 0.0177 in
3
W
all
= M
all
/2.08 = (S* F
b
)/2.08 = (0.0177
in
3
*20 ksi)/2.08 = 170 plf
For 36 panel height 1/2 will be tributary to top rail:
Maximum live load = 170 plf/(3/2) = 113 psf.
Check deflection:
& = WL
3
/(3EI)
I = 12*0.09375
3
/12 = .000824 in
4
& = 170plf*2.08
3
/(3*10.1x10
6
*.000824) = 0.06
The required deflection to cause the infill to disengage: 0.05
Reduce allowable load to limit total deflection:
0.05/0.06*113 plf = 94 plf
INFILL LOAD
RESTRAINED
AT POSTS
Mi
Top rail connection to post:
For Vertical loads top rail
is restrained by (2) #10 tek
screws each side.
Connection of bracket to
post is with (2) #14 screws
so is stronger.
For horizontal loads the
top rail directly bears on
side of post.
Tek screw strength: Check
shear @ rail (6063-T6)
2x F
urail
x dia screw x Rail
thickness x SF
V= 2#30 ksi #0.1379 # 0.09 # 1 = 325#/screw
3 (FS)
Post bearing strength
V
all
= A
bearing
*F
B
A
bearing
= 0.09*2.25 = 0.2025 in
2
F
B
= 21 ksi
V
all
= 0.2025 in
2
* 21 ksi = 4.25 k
Bracket tab bending strength
Vertical uplift force
For 6063-T6 aluminum stamping 1/8 thick
F
b
= 20 ksi ADM Table 2-21
S = 0.438*(.125)
3
/12 = 0.00007 in
3
M
a
= 20 ksi*0.00007 = 140#
P
a
= M
a
/l = 140#/1.158 = 121#
Uplift limited by bracket strength:
Up
all
= 2*121 = 242# per bracket
1.158
0
.
4
3
8
RAIL SPLICES:
Splice plate strength:
Vertical load will be direct bearing from rail/plate to post no bending or shear in plate.
Horizontal load will be transferred by shear in the fasteners:
Rail to splice plates:
Tek screw strength: Check shear @ rail (6063-T6)
2x F
urail
x dia screw x rail thickness x SF
V= 2#30 ksi #0.1379 # 0.09 # 1 = 325#/screw; for two screws = 650#
3 (FS)
or F
urplate
x dia screw x plate thickness x SF
V= 38 ksi #0.1379 # 0.125 # 1 = 218#/screw; for two screws = 436#
3 (FS)
Post to splice plate:
Screws into post screw chase so screw to post connection will not control.
splice plate screw shear strength
2x F
uplate
x dia screw x plate thickness x SF
V= 2#38 ksi #0.1379 # 0.125 # 1 = 416#/screw; for two screws = 832#
3 (FS)
Check moment from horizontal load:
M = P*0.75. For 200# maximum load from a single rail on to splice plates
M = 0.75*200 = 150#
S = 0.125*(0.625)
2
/6 = 0.008 in3
f
b
= 150#/(0.008*2) = 9,216 psi
For corner brackets screw strength and bending strength will be the same.
Insert channel for glass 6063-T6
I
yy
= 0.156 in
4
I
xx
= 0.023 in
4
S
yy
= 0.125 in
3
S
xx
= 0.049 in
4
Horizontal forces transferred between insert and top rail by direct bearing on locking
tabs.
Allowable bearing load will be controlled by spreading of top rail
M = 2.08*W
M
all
= S*F
b
F
b
= 20 ksi for flat element bending in own plane, ADM Table 2-24
S = 12/ft*(0.094)
2
/6 = 0.0177 in
3
W
all
= M
all
/2.08 = (S* F
b
)/2.08 = (0.0177 in
3
*20 ksi)/2.08 = 170 plf
Maximum wind load = 170 plf/(3/2) = 113 psf.
Insert channel for picket infill 6063-T6
I
yy
= 0.144 in
4
I
xx
= 0.0013in
4
S
yy
= 0.115 in
3
S
xx
= 0.0057 in
4
Horizontal forces transferred between insert
and top rail by direct bearing on locking tabs.
Allowable bearing load will be controlled by spreading of top rail
M = 2.08*W
M
all
= S*F
b
F
b
= 20 ksi for flat element bending in own plane, ADM Table 2-24
S = 12/ft*(0.094)
2
/6 = 0.0177 in
3
W
all
= M
all
/2.08 = (S* F
b
)/2.08 = (0.0177 in
3
*20 ksi)/2.08 = 170 plf
Maximum live load = 170 plf/(3/2) = 113 psf.
0.86750
0.86750
2.50000
Top Rail Series 350
LEVEL 1 RAIL LOCATIONS
SEE SHEET 5 OF 5 FOR ADDITIONAL
SERIES 350 CROSS-SECTION
16
16
BUTTON, BUTTON WASHER, & LOCK NUT
15
3/8" x 4" CONCRETE EXPANSION ANCHOR
15
7
8
4
(
1
2
1
.
9
2
C
M
)
4
8
"

T
O
P

O
F

R
A
I
L

T
O

F
I
N
I
S
H

F
L
O
O
R
(
1
0
.
1
6
C
M
)
1
13
6
2
23/8" x 23/8" x 1/8" EXTRUDED POST
(6.03CM x 6.03CM x .3175CM)
33/4" x 2" EXTRUDED TOP RAIL
(9.53CM x 5.10CM)
1
2
4
"

M
A
X
.

T
O
F
I
N
I
S
H

F
L
O
O
R
9
14
12
5
3
9
10
48" H. SURFACE MOUNT
SYM.
DISCRIPTION
GLASS VINYL (BOTTOM)
TOP RAIL PICKET INFILL PANEL
NOT USED
#10 x 11/2" S.S. PAN HEAD RCB SCREWS
#8 x 3/4" S.S. TECH SCREWS
3" x 5" x 3/8" AL. BASE PLATE
NEOPRENE ISOLATION PAD
(WATER BARRIER)
EXTRUDED RCB CONNECTOR
GLASS VINYL (TOP)
1/4" CLEAR TEMPERED GLASS
15/8" x 111/16" GLASS BOTTOM RAIL
(4.13CM x 4.7625CM)
10
13
12
11
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
14
TOP RAIL CONNECTING BRACKETS
2"
3 3/4"
TOP RAIL CONNECTING BRACKETS 14
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
10
15/8" x 111/16" PICKET BOTTOM RAIL
(4.13CM x 4.7625CM)
NOT USED
3/4" SQUARE EXTRUDED PICKETS
(1.905CM)
EXTRUDED RCB CONNECTOR
NOT USED
NOT USED
#8 x 3/4" S.S. TECH SCREWS
#10 x 11/2" S.S. PAN HEAD RCB SCREWS
NOT USED
TOP RAIL PICKET INFILL
#10 x 5/8" S.S. PAN HEAD PICKET SCREWS
DISCRIPTION SYM.
SERIES 350 CROSS-SECTION
10
9
3
5
12
14
9
4
"

M
A
X
.

T
O
F
I
N
I
S
H

F
L
O
O
R
\A1;1{\H0.7x;\S7/8;}"
2 3/8"
3/4"
2
1
33/4" x 2" EXTRUDED TOP RAIL
(9.53CM x 5.10CM)
23/8" x 23/8" x 1/8" EXTRUDED POST
(6.03CM x 6.03CM x .3175CM)
5
2
6
13
1
(
1
0
.
1
6
C
M
)
(
4
.
7
6
2
5
C
M
)
3
6
"

T
O

4
8
"

T
O
P

O
F

R
A
I
L

T
O

F
I
N
I
S
H

F
L
O
O
R
(
9
1
.
4
4
C
M

T
O

1
2
1
.
9
2
)
(6.03CM)
(1.905CM)
SERIES 350X PICKET CROSS-SECTION
2"
3 3/4"
Area: 0.725 sq in
Perim: 21.338 in
Ixx: 0.263 in^4
Iyy: 1.398 in^4
rxx: 0.602 in
ryy: 1.389 in
Cxx: 1.128 in
Cyy: 1.875 in
Sxx: 0.233 in^3
Syy: 0.737 in^3
2

1
/
8
"
3 3/4"
1
/
8
"
Allowable stresses ADM Table 2-24 6063-T6 Aluminum
F
Cb
# R
b
/t = 1.875 = 15 line 16.1
0.125
F
Cb
= 18.5 0.593(15)
1/2
= 16.20 ksi
M
all horiz
= 16.20
ksi
(0.737) = 11,942
#
F
b
= 18 ksi
For top rail acting alone
M
all vert
= (0.233in
3
) 18 ksi = 4,194
#
or Controls
=(0.263in
4
/0.997)*16.20 ksi = 4,273
#
Allowable loads For 6 post spacing:
Horizontal # uniform # W
H
= 11,9428 = 18.4 #/in = W
H
= 221.1 plf
72
2
P
H
= 4 11,942 = 663.4 #
72
Vertical # W = 4,194 8 = 6.5 #/in = 78 plf (Top rail alone)
72
2
P = 4,194 4 = 233 #
72
Series 400 Top rail
I
xx
: 0.611 in
4
I
yy
: 3.736 in
4
r
xx
: 0.717 in
r
yy
: 1.774 in
C
xx
: 1.358 in
C
yy
: 2.50 in
S
xx
: 0.450 in
3
bottom
S
xx
: 0.399 in
3
top
S
yy
: 1.494 in
3
6063-T6 Aluminum
alloy
For 72 on center
posts; L = 72-2.375-
1x2 = 67.625 ; kL
b
= 1/2L = 33.81
Fbc = 16.7-0.073" 33.81 = 15.3 ksi From ADM Table 2-24
1.774
F
t
= 15 ksi
Allowable Moments ! Horiz.= 1.494 in
3
"15.0 ksi =22,410# = 1867.5#
3
"15 ksi = 5,985# = 498.75#
W = 5,985#*8/(67.625
2
) = 10.47 pli = 125.6 plf
P = 5,985#*4/67.625 = 354#
Maximum span without load sharing, P = 200#
S = 5,985#*4/200# = 119.7 clear,
L = (8M
a
/50plf)
1/2
= (8*498.75/50plf)
1/2
= 8.93
Max post spacing =8 11+2.375 = 9 1-3/8
For horizontal load, maximum span for 50 plf load
L = (8M
a
/50plf)
1/2
= (8*1,867.5/50plf)
1/2
= 17.29
1/2"
2 1/4"
2 5/8"
5"
Glass Infill Bottom Rail
6063-T6

Area: 0.3923 sq in
Perim: 11. 648 in
Ixx: 0.0869 in^4
Iyy: 0. 172 in^4
Kxx: 0.472 in
Kyy: 0.662 in
Cxx: 1.0133 in
Cyy: 0. 8435 in
Sxx: 0. 0857 in^3 Bottom
Sxx: 0.129 in^3 Top
Syy: 0.204 in^3
For 72 on center posts; L = 72-2.375-1x2 = 67.625 ; L
b
= 1/2L = 33.81
L
b
/r
y
= 33.81/0.662 = 51.07 From ADM Table 2-24
Fbc = 16.7-0.073" 51.07 = 12.97 ksi
3
"12.97 ksi =2,646#
W = 2,646#*8/(67.625
2
) = 4.63 pli = 55.5 plf
P = 2,646#*4/67.625 = 156.5#
Max span for 50 plf load =
(8*2,646/(50/12))1/2 = 71.28 clear span
Rail fasteners -Bottom rail connection block to
post #10!1.5 55 PHP SMS Screw
Check shear @ post (6005-T5)
2x F
upost
V= 2#38 ksi #0.1697 # 0.10 # 1 =
3 (FS)
V = 430#/screw
2 screws each en
2*30ksi#0.1309#0.07# 1 = 232#/screw
3
Allowable tension = 2*232 = 464#
OK
Picket bottom rail
Bottom rail strength
6063-T6 Aluminum alloy
For 72 on center posts; L = 72-2.375-1x2
= 67.625 ; L
b
= 1/2L = 33.81
Fbc = 16.7-0.073" 33.81 = 12.95 ksi From
0.658
ADM Table 2-24 line 11 for compression
or line 2 for tension
Ft = 15 ksi
3
"12.95 ksi =2,939#
W = 2,939#*8/(67.625
2
) = 5.14 pli = 62.7 plf
P = 2,939#*4/67.625 = 173.8#
Rail fasteners -Bottom rail connection block to post
#10!1.5 55 PHP SMS Screw
2x F
upost
Eq 5.4.3-2
V= 38 ksi #0.19 # 0.1 # 1 =
3 (FS)
V = 240#/screw
2 screws each end
ADM Eq. 5.4.3-1
2*30ksi#0.1248#0.07# 1 = 175#/screw
3
Allowable shear = 2*175 = 350#
OK
MID RAIL
I
xx
= 0.123 in
4
I
yy
= 0.177 in
4
S
xx
= 0.115 in
3
S
yy
= 0.209 in
3
r
xx
= 0.579 in
r
yy
= 0.695 in
Allowable stresses ADM Table 2-24 6063-T6
Aluminum
F
t
= 18 ksi For vertical loads
F
Cb
# R
b
/t = 1.25 = 0.33'1.6 line 16.1 F
Cb
= 18 ksi
3.75
M
all vert
= 18
ksi
(0.115) = 2,070
#
For horizontal loads:
F
t
= 15 ksi For vertical loads
F
Cb
# L
b
/r
y
= 35 = 50.4 line 11
0.695
F
Cb
= (16.7-0.073*50.4) ksi = 13.0 ksi
M
all horiz
= 13
ksi
(0.209) = 2,717
#
For intermediate rail acting alone
Allowable loads
Horizontal # uniform # W
H
= 2,7178 = 4.44 #/in = W
H
= 53 plf
70
2
P
H
= 4 2,717 = 155 # Not used for top rail 50# conc load appl.
70
Vertical # W = 2070 8 = 3.38 #/in = 40.6 plf (Top rail alone)
70
2
P = 2070 4 = 118# Not used for top rail 50# conc load appl.
70
Maximum wind load for 36 lite height, 19 tributary width
W
max
= 53/1.75 = 30.3 plf
1.6875
1
.
7
5
t =0.062
WIND SCREEN MID RAIL
Standard bottom rail with infill
Refer to bottom rail calculations for rail properties.
Check bottom rail strength for span used in privacy
screen.
Midrail glass infill when installed in rail will stiffen
the flanges (legs) continuously so that the flanges are equivalent to flat elements
supported on both edges:
From ADM Table 2-24 section 16.
b/t = 1.1/0.07 = 15.7 < 23
Therefore Fca = 15 ksi
Strength of infill piece:
I
xx
: 0.0162in
4
I
yy
: 0.0378 in
4
S
xx
: 0.0422 in
3
S
yy
: 0.0490 in
3
F
ca
= 15 ksi
When inserted into bottom rail determine the effective strength:
ratio of load carried by infill:
I
yy
infill/ I
yy
rail = 0.0378/0.172 = 0.22
S
yy
infill ' 0.22*0.204 = .045 < 0.049
Allowable Moments ! Horiz.= (0.204in
3
+0.045) *15 ksi = 3,735#
Maximum allowable load for 70 screen width L = 70-1*2-2.375*2 = 63.25
W = 3,735#*8/(63.25
2
) = 7.5 pli = 90 plf
P = 3,735#*4/63.25 = 236#
Maximum allowable load for 60 screen width L = 60-1*2-2.375*2 = 53.25
W = 3,735#*8/(53.25
2
) = 10.5 pli = 126 plf
P = 3,735#*4/53.25 = 280#
STANDARD POST RAIL CONNECTION BLOCK
Can be used to connect
top rails to standard or
4x4 post face, walls
or other end butt
connection.
Top rail snaps over block and is secured with either
silicone adhesive or #8 tek screws.
Connection strength to post or wall: (2) #10!1.5 55 PHP SMS Screw
F
upost
Eq 5.4.3-2
V= 38 ksi #0.19 # 0.1 # 1 = 240#/screw for standard post
3 (FS)
Since minimum of 2 screws used for each, Allowable load = 2# 240# = 480#
For 4x4 post:
V= 38 ksi #0.19 # 0.15 # 1 = 360#/screw for standard post
3 (FS)
Since minimum of 2 screws used for each, Allowable load = 2# 360# = 720#
Connections to walls and other surfaces is dependant on supporting material.
Alternative fasteners may be used for connections to steel, concrete or wood.
WALL MOUNT END CAPS
End cap is fastened to the top rail with
2) #10!1 55 PHP SMS Screws
2x F
upost
x dia screw x Cap thickness x SF
Eq 5.4.3-2
V= 2*38 ksi #0.19 # 0.15 # 1 =
3 (FS)
722#/screw , 1,422# per connection
Connection to wall shall use either:
#14x1-1/2 wood screw to wood, minimum 1
penetration into solid wood.
Allowable load = 2*175# = 350#
Wood shall have a G # 0.43
From ADM Table 11M
For connection to steel studs or sheet metal blocking
Use #12 self drilling screws.
Minimum metal thickness is 18 gauge, 43 mil (0.0451)
Allowable load = 280#/screw
Wall Mounted End Caps Cont.
For connection to masonry or concrete use 3/16 screw-in anchor
300 and 350 Series end caps use same fasteners and have identical strengths
Excerpts from National Design Specifications
VERTICAL PICKET INSTALLATIONS
LOAD CASES:
Picket rail Dead load = 5 plf for 42 rail height or less.
Loading:
Horizontal load to top rail from in-fill:
25 psf*H/2
Post moments
M
i
= 25 psf*H/2*S*H=
= (25/2)*S*H
2
For top rail loads:
M
c
= 200#*H
M
u
= 50plf*S*H
For wind load surface area:
Pickets 3/4 wide by 4 on center
Top rail = 3 maximum
Post = 2.375
Area for typical 4 section by 42 high:
42*2.375+3*48+1.7*45.625
+0.75*36*10 = 591.3 in
2
% surface/area = 591.3/(48*42) =
29.3%
Wind load for 25 psf equivalent load =
25/0.293 = 85.2 psf
S
H
1SF
1SF
200# or 50 plf
50#
50#
WIND LOAD = 100 psf
on face area
LL = 25 PSF entire area
including spaces
Picket Railing
Series 100 "
Top rail loading
50 plf or 200 lb conc.
42
max
Infill: 25 psf
Bottom rail loading
50 lb conc.
"
Picket infill panel is 6 o.c. max
" "
Loading !25 psf !4 1/2 O.C ! 25psf #.375=9.4 plf
M= 9.4/12 (42-6)2 = 127 lb-in
8
For 5/8" pickets t=0.062 ! S= 0.625
3
/6

0.5
3
/6 = 0.020 in
3
f
b
= 127 lb-in = 6,350 psi
0.02in3
For 50 lb conc load ! 1 SF - min 2 pickets
M= 50/2#36= 225 lb-in
4
f
b
= 225 lb-in = 11,250 psi
0.02 in
3
6063-T6 F
b
= 15 ksi compression ADM Table 2-24 line 14
15 ksi tension ADM Table 2-24 line 2
Maximum allowable moment on picket = 15 ksi *0.02 in
3
= 300 in-lb
Maximum span = 300 in-lb*4/25 lb = 48 concentrated load or
(300in-lb*8/0.783 lb/in)
1/2
= 55.4 in
Connections
Pickets to top and bottom rails direct bearing ok
Lap into top and bottom rail 1 into bottom rail and 5/8 into
top rail.
Allowable bearing pressure = 21 ksi (ADM Table 2-24 line 6)
Picket filler snaps between pickets to pressure lock pickets in place. Bearing surface =
1.375*.062 = 0.085 in
2
Allowable bearing = 0.085 in
2
*21 ksi = 1,785#
Withdrawal prevented by depth into rails.
5/8"
5
/
8
"
1/16"
PICKETS 3/4 ROUND
Loading !25 psf !4 1/2 O.C ! 25psf #.375=9.4 plf
M= 9.4/12 (42-6)2 = 127 lb-in
8
or concentrated = 50# on 1 sf
For 3/4 round pickets t=0.062 !
Area: 0.170 sq in
I
xx
: 0.0093 in
4
S
xx
: 0.022 in
3
I
yy
: 0.0083 in
4
S
yy
: 0.022 in
3
r
xx
: 0.234267 in
r
yy
: 0.221764 in
f
b
= 127 lb-in = 5,773 psi
0.022 in
3
M= 50/2#36= 225 lb-in
4
f
b
= 225 lb-in = 10,227 psi
0.022 in
3
6063-T6 F
b
3
= 330 in-lb
Maximum span = 330 in-lb*4/25 lb = 52.8 concentrated load or
uniform load (330in-lb*8/0.783 lb/in)
1/2
= 58 in
Connections
#10 screw in to top and bottom infill pieces. Shear strength =
2x F
upost
x dia screw x t
rail
x SF ADM Eq 5.4.3-2
V= 38 ksi #0.19 # 0.1 # 1 = 240#
3 (FS)
0.75000
PICKETS 3/4 SQUARE
Loading !25 psf !4 1/2 O.C !
25psf #.375=9.4 plf
M= 9.4/12 (42-6)2 = 127 lb-in
8
or concentrated = 50# on 1 sf
For 3/4 pickets t=0.062 ! S=0.05in
3
f
b
= 127 lb-in = 2,538 psi
0.05in
3
M= 50/2#36= 225 lb-in
4
f
b
= 225 lb-in = 4,500 psi
0.05 in
3
F
b
3
= 750 in-lb
Maximum span = 750 in-lb*4/25 lb = 120 concentrated load or
(750inlb*8/0.783 lb/in)
1/2
= 87.5 in - controls
Connections
Pickets to top and bottom rails direct bearing for lateral loads ok
#10 screw in to top and bottom infill pieces. Shear strength =
2x F
upost
x dia screw x t
rail
x SF ADM Eq 5.4.3-2
V= 30 ksi #0.19 # 0.1 # 1 = 190#
3 (FS)
STAINLESS STEEL CABLE IN-FILL:
NOTE: SEE SEPARATE
POST CALCULATIONS
S: MAX. 6 FT. O.C. SPACING POSTS
C
L L
C
L
C
MAX. 3 FT. O.C. SPACING VERTICAL SPACER
3 IN. O.C.
SPACING
TYP
H
NOTE: SEE SEPARATE TOP RAIL CALCS
DECK / FLOOR
SURFACE
1/8" SS CABLE
PUSH LOCK
FITTING
NOTE: SEE
SEPARATE BOTTOM
RAIL CALCS
SWAGING STUD
FITTING
Cable railing- Deflection/ Preload/ Loading relationship
L
Cable anchored ! Cable anchored
l/2 l
Cable Strain = &= C
ta
L
AE
C
t
= C
tl
+ C
ta
C
ti
= installation tension
C
ta
= &EA = Cable tension increase from loading
L
From cable theory
C
t
= lp for concentrated load
4!
To calculate allowable load for a given deflection:
Calculate & = [[(l/2)
2
+ !
2
]
1/2
2 l]
Then calculate C
ta
= &AE
L
Then calculate C
t
= C
tl
+ C
ta
Then calculate load to give the assumed ! for concentrated load
P = C
t
4!
l
For uniform load idealize deflection as triangular applying cable theory
C
t
= Wl
2

8!
Solving for W = C
t
8 !
l
2
See spreadsheet pages based on 36 maximum cable length and 3 clear cable spacing.
Cable rail loading requirements
UBC table 16-B Line 9
Guardrail components 25 psf over entire area
IBC 1607.7.1.2 Components
25 psf over entire area of
50 lbs Conc. load over 1 sf
Application to cables
-Uniform load = 25 psf 3 1/8 = 6.5 plf
12
-Concentrated load 1 sf
3 cables minimum
50/3 = 16.7 lbs
Deflection since cables are 3 1/8 O.C. and maximum opening width = 4
!
all
= 4 (3 1/8- 1/8) = 1
Cable Strain:
' = (/E and !
L
= L '
!
L
= L(T/A)/E = L(T/0.0123 in
2
)/29 x 10
6
psi
!
L
= LT/(356,700)
Maximum cable free span length = 35 = (36-2/2)
Additionally Cable should be able to safely support 200 lb point load.
Cable deflection calculations
Cable = 1/8" dia (area in^2) = 0.0123
Modulus of elasticity (E, psi) = 29000000
Cable strain =Ct/(A*E) *L(in) = additional strain from imposed loading
Cable installation load (lbs) = 150
Total Cable length (ft) = 36
Cable free span (inches) = 35
Calculate strain for a given displacement (one span)
delta (in) strain (in) Ct net (lb) Ct tot (lbs)
Conc.
Load (lb)
Uniform
ld (plf)
0.25 0.00357 2.9 152.9 4.4 3.0
0.5 0.01428 11.8 161.8 9.2 6.3
0.52 0.01545 12.7 162.7 9.7 6.6
0.75 0.03213 26.5 176.5 15.1 10.4
1 0.05710 47.0 197.0 22.5 15.4
1.06 0.06415 52.8 202.8 24.6 16.9
1.5 0.12834 105.7 255.7 43.8 30.1
3.027 0.51973 428.2 578.2 200.0 137.1
Cable installation load (lbs) = 200
Total Cable length (ft) = 36
Cable free span (inches) = 35
Calculate strain for a given displacement (one span)
delta (in) strain (in) Ct net (lb) Ct tot (lbs)
Conc. Load
(lb)
Uniform ld
(plf)
0.25 0.00357 2.9 202.9 5.8 4.0
0.4 0.00914 7.5 207.5 9.5 6.5
0.663 0.02511 20.7 220.7 16.7 11.5
1 0.05710 47.0 247.0 28.2 19.4
1.5 0.12834 105.7 305.7 52.4 35.9
2 0.22783 187.7 387.7 88.6 60.8
2.5 0.35534 292.7 492.7 140.8 96.5
2.922 0.48454 399.2 599.2 200.1 137.2
End post Cable loading
Cable tension - 200#/ Cable no in-fill load
w = 150# = 50#/in M
w
= (39)
2
50#/in = 9,506#
3 8
For loaded Case
- 3 Cables @ center 220.7# ea based on 6 o.c. posts, 35 cable clear span
post deflection will reduce tension of other cables.
! = [Pa
2
b
2
/(3L)+2Pa(3L
2
-4a
2
)/24]/EI =
! = [220.7*15
2
*24
2
/(3*39)+220.7*15(3*39
2
-4*15
2
)/24]/(10,100,000*0.863) = 0.086
Cable tension reduction for deflection will go from 200 at end cables to 271-220.7 at
center, linear reduction = (200-50.3)/(39/2) = 7.7 pli
M
conc
= 220.7# 15/2 +220.7#18 +(3*(200-7.7*3)) + (6*(200-7.7*6)) +
(9*(200-7.7*9)) +12*(200-7.7*12)+15*(200-7.7*15)/2
M
conc
= 10,183#
For 200 # Conc load on middle cable tension
599.2# tension, post deflection will reduce tension of other cables
! = [Pa
2
b
2
/(3LEI) = [599.2*18
2
21
2
/(3*39*10100000*0.863) = 0.084
Cable tension reduction for deflection will go from 200 at end cables to 52 at
center cables, linear reduction (200-52)/19.5 = 7.6 pli.
M
200
= 599.2#/2 18 +(3)(200-7.6*3) +(6) (200-7.6*6) +(9) (200-7.6*9) +
(12)(200-7.6*12) +(15) (200-7.6*15) + (18) (200-7.6*18)/2 = 11,200#
Post strength = 13,794#
No reinforcement required.
Standard Cable anchorage okay.
Verify cable strength:
F
y
= 110 ksi
T
n
= 0.85*110 ksi* 0.0123 = 1,150#
T
s
= T
n
/1.6 = 1,150#/1.6 = 718#
Maximum cable pretension based on maximum service tension @ 200# cable load
is 440#:
! (in) strain (in) Ct net (lb) Ct tot (lbs)
Conc. Load
(lb)
Uniform ld
(plf)
0.19 0.00206 1.7 441.7 9.6 6.6
0.33 0.00622 5.1 445.1 16.8 11.5
2.437 0.33774 278.2 718.2 200.0 137.2

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Hansen Architectural Systems ClearVue Railing System Page 1 of 53

Limiting factor = screws to post

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