1

RESEARCH AND STATISTICAL

CHARACTERIZATION FOR VOLTAGE
FLUCTUATION AND FLICKER BY WAVELET
TRANSFORM

THESIS

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF



MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
(Electrical Engineering)


SUBMITTED BY:
AMANDEEP KUSHAN
University Roll No.100376780458

September 2014





PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
JALANDHAR PUNJAB


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RESEARCH AND STATISTICAL
CHARACTERIZATION FOR VOLTAGE
FLUCTUATION AND FLICKER BY WAVELET
TRANSFORM

THESIS

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF


MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
(Electrical Engineering)

SUBMITTED BY:
AMANDEEP KUSHAN
University Roll No.100376780458

Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana
September 2014





PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
JALANDHAR PUNJAB


i

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LUDHIANA
CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the thesis entitledRESEARCH AND
STATISTICAL CHARACTERIZATION FOR VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION AND FLICKER BY
WAVELET TRANSFORM by Amandeep Kushan in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
award of degree of M.Tech. (Electrical Engineering) submitted in the Department of (Electrical) at
GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LUDHIANA under PUNJAB TECHNICAL
UNIVERSITY, JALANDHAR is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period
from January 2013 to September 2014 under the supervision of Associate Prof Khushdeep Singh. The
matter presented in this thesis has not been submitted by me in any other University/ Institute for the
award of M.Tech Degree.

Signature of the Student

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of My
knowledge


Signature of the Supervisor
The M.Tech VivaVoice Examination of AMANDEEP KUSHAN has been held on____________
and accepted

Signature of Supervisor Signature of External Examiner

Signature of H.O.D

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ABSTRACT
The main aim of this work is to extract the characterization of voltage fluctuation and flicker with the
help of wavelet transform. A voltage fluctuation and flicker monitoring system is designed on virtual
instrumentation laboratory, where the wavelet notation is written on matlab script node. Voltage
fluctuation and flicker has been one of the major problems that have been occurred in power sector.
Flicker is the light strength which is caused by voltage fluctuation. To reduce the loss of voltage
instability, efficacious measurement is vital for providing accurate parameters which are obligatory in
evaluation and compensation. This thesis is pivoted on statistically signalize the voltage flicker with
wavelet transform where matrix laboratory and Laboratory virtual instrumentation work bench are
consolidated to get sphacelate signals. The diversification of frequency and amplitude of voltage
fluctuation can be monitored and detected by decomposing the voltage signals at all feasible instants
of time.











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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author is highly grateful to the Director, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College (GNDEC),
Ludhiana, for providing this opportunity to carry out the present thesis /work.
The constant guidance and encouragement received from Er.Jaswinder Singh Associate Prof. and
Head, Department of Electrical Engineering, GNDEC Ludhiana has been of great help in carrying out
the present work and is acknowledged with reverential thanks.
The author would like to express a deep sense of gratitude and thanks profusely to Associate Prof.
Khushdeep Singh, Department of Electrical Engineering, GNDEC Ludhiana who was the thesis
Supervisor. Without his wise counsel and able guidance it would have been impossible to carry out
the work.
The author is also thankful to other faculty members of Electrical Engineering Department, GNDEC
for their intellectual support throughout the course of this work.
The author cannot forget friends who went through hard times together, cheered me on, and
celebrated each accomplishment: Medha Walia, Manpreet Dhindsa. The author deeply thanks her
parents for their unconditional trust, timely encouragement, and endless patience. It was their love
that raised her up again when she got weary.
Last but not least, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for his showers of blessings
throughout my research work to complete the research successfully.

Amandeep Kushan

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CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE NO.
Candidate's Declaration i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
List of Figures/Tables viii
Nomenclature x
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Retrospect 1
1.2Voltage 2
1.3Voltage Fluctuation 2
1.3.1Fluctuation Sources 3
1.3.2Some problems related to of voltage fluctuation 4
1.3.3 Factors effecting voltage fluctuation 4
1.3.4Voltage Stabilization 5
1.3.5Synchronous machine 6
1.3.6 Static compensators 6
1.3.7 Compensators with saturable reactor 6
1.3.8Self Saturable reactors 7
1.3.9 Reactors with DC control circuit 7

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1.3.10Thyristor switched capacitors 7
1.3.11 Self-commutated converter voltage sources and reactive current/power
Sources 8
1.1 1.4 Voltage Flicker 8
1.4.1 Flicker Levels 10
1.5 Wavelet 11
1.6 Wavelet theory 12
1.7 Types of wavelets 12
1.7.1 Biorthogonal wavelet 12
1.7.2. Coiflet wavelet 14
1.7.3. Haar wavelet 14
1.7.4 Daubechies wavelet 15
1.7.5 Symlet Wavelets 16
1.8Lab view 16
1.9 Matlab 18
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 20-27
CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM FORMULATION
3.1 Preface 28


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3. 2Objectives 28
3.3 Methodology 28
3.3.1 Decomposition and reconstruction of the signal 29
3.3.1(a) One-Stage Filtering: Approximations and Details 29
3.3.1(b) Multiple-Level Decomposition 30
3.3.2 Wavelet Reconstruction 30
3.3.3 Multistep Decomposition and Reconstruction 31
CHAPTER-4: RESULT AND SIMULATION
4.1 Instruction of matlab script node 32
4.2 Matlab Script 33
4.3 Block diagram of the program built in Labview 34
4.4 Voltage Flicker Monitoring 40
4.4.1 Monitoring by Haar wavelet 40

4.4.2 Monitoring by Daubechies wavelet (DB-4) 43
4.4.3 Monitoring by Complex Gaussian 44

4.4.4 Monitoring by Reverse Biorthognal 44
4.4.5 Monitoring by Frequency B-Spline 45
4.5 Comparison of Different Number of Wavelets at Different Number
of Flicker Frequencies With Respect to Voltage 46

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4.6 Some Observational Graphs based on frequency,wavelet
and Flicker Voltage 47
4.7 Removal of flicker after monitoring 48
Chapter-5: Conclusion and Future Scope
5.1 Conclusion 51
5.2 Future scope 52
References 53-59











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LIST OF FIGURES/TABLES
FIGURE NO. FIGURE NAME PAGE NO.
Figure 3.1 Approximation and Detail Signal 29
Figure 3.2 Up sampling 31
Figure 4.1 Block Diagram of Flicker Monitoring
bySymlet Wavelet 35
Figure 4.2 Graph of Input voltage 36
Figure4.3 Graph of flicker voltage 36
Figure 4.4 Graph of Resampled Input voltage 37
Figure 4.5 Graph of Voltage with flicker 37
Figure 4.6 Graph of Approximation Signal of symlets 38
Figure 4.7 Graphof symlets Detail signal 1 and 2 38
Figure 4.8 Graph of symlets Detail signal 3 and 4 39
Figure 4.9 Graph of symlets Detail signal 5 and 6 39
Figure4.10 Block diagram to monitor flicker by using haar 42
Figure 4.11 Graph of haar wavelet Approximation signal 43


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FIGURE NO. FIGURE NAME PAGE NO.
Figure 4.12 Graphof db-4 wavelet Approximation signal 43
Figure 4.13 Approximation signal of complex Gaussian wavelet 44
Figure 4.14 Approximation signal of reverse bioorthogonal wavelet 44
Figure 4.15 Approximation signal of frequency B- Spline wavelet 45
Figure 4.16 Monitoring with biorthogonal wavelet 47
Figure 4.17 Monitoring with coiflet wavelet 47
Figure 4.18 Monitoring with haar wavelet 47
Figure 4.19 Monitoring with symlet wavelet 47
Figure 4.20 Signal free from flicker 50









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NOMENCLATURE

V Voltage
V
1
Voltage at point 1
V
2
Voltage at point 2
I Current
T Time
W Work done
P
st
Short term flicker severity
P
lt
Long term flicker severity
DC Direct current
AC Alternating current
Hz Hertz
IEC International electro technical commission
EN European norm
CWT Continuous wavelet transform
DWT Discrete wavelet transform
Scaling function
Wavelet function
M,N Coefficients in scaling sequence
Coif Coiflet wavelet
Db-4 Daubechies wavelet
LAB VIEW Laboratory virtual instrumentation workbench

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MATLAB Matrix laboratory
SymN Symlet wavelet of order N
dbN Daubechies wavelet of order
D or dt Detail signals
S Original signal
Waverec Wavelet reconstruction
FGPA Field programmable gate array
Wavedec Wavelet decomposition
Wrcoef Reconstructs the signal of given coefficients
X Signal to decompose

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