1990

1. (a) An object has mass of 2.3 kg. What is its weight? [1]
(b) When the object in (a) falls in ai! the ai esistance F is gi"en b# the e$%ation
& ' k v
2
whee v is the "elocit# of the object an( k has the "al%e 0.0)2 *s
2
m
+2
.
(i) ,-.lain wh# the object e"ent%all# falls with %nifom "elocit# (the teminal
"elocit#).
[3]
(ii) /alc%late the teminal "elocit# of the object. [2]
(c) /alc%late the acceleation of the object when it is falling with a "elocit# of 12 ms
+1
. [3]
2. &ig. 2.1 shows a .lanet P of mass m obiting the 0%n S of mass M in a cic%la .ath of
a(i%s r.
(a) Wite (own an e-.ession! in tems of 1!m!2 an( ! fo the foce e-ete( b# the 0%n
on the .lanet. [1]
(b) 3se this e-.ession to fin( the ang%la "elocit# of the .lanet in its obit. [2]
(c) 4e(%ce the time taken to com.lete one obit of the 0%n. [2]
(() 5he ,ath is 1.60 - 10
11
m fom the cente of the 0%n an( takes e-actl# one #ea to
com.lete one obit. 5he .lanet 7%.ite takes 11.9 #eas to com.lete an obit of the
0%n. /alc%late the a(i%s of 7%.ite8s obit. [)]
9a.e 2 (1990) + 1
3. (a) ,-.lain the tem sim.le hamonic motion. [2]
(b) (i) 0tate the (efining e$%ation fo sim.le hamonic motion. [1]
(ii) Wite (own a sol%tion to the e$%ation gi"ing the (is.lacement - in tems of the
am.lit%(e of oscillation -o! the ang%la fe$%enc# : an( the time t. [1]
(c) 1i"en that the "elocit# " of a bo(# of mass m %n(egoing sim.le hamonic motion is
gi"en b#
" ' ; : (-o
2
+ -
2
)
fin( the kinetic eneg# of the bo(# in tems of its (is.lacement -! an( : an( -o. [1]
(() 0ketch ga.hs! %sing the same hoi<ontal a-is! to show how the "elocit# an( the
kinetic eneg# "a# with the (is.lacement of a bo(# %n(egoing sim.le hamonic
motion. [3]
). 5he light (e.en(ent esisto (=4>) in the cic%it shown in &ig. ).1 has a esistance of 10
2? when in the (ak an( a esistance of 1.0k? when in the light. 5he (e"ice @ emits light
(is A*) onl# when the .otential (iffeence between .oints B an( / e-cee(s 6C. 5he =4> is
shiel(e( fom the light fom @.
9a.e 2 (1990) + 2
(a) /alc%late the .otentials at A when the =4> is (i) in the light! (ii) in the (ak. [3]
(b) /om.lete the following table to show the con(itions %n(e which X is A* o A&&.
=ogic state
of in.%ts
to *A*4 gate
=ogic state
of o%t.%t
fom *A*4 gate
4e"ice X
ON/OFF
=4> in =D1E5
=4> in 4A>F
(c) 0%ggest a .actical %se fo this cic%it. [2]
6. A esisto of esistance 2000 ? is connecte( in seies with a switch! a ca.acito of
ca.acitance 10.0 G&! an( a batte# of e.m.f. 20.0 C an( negligible intenal esistance! as
shown in &ig. 6.1.
5he ca.acito is initiall# %nchage(.
(a) /alc%late the c%ent in the cic%it imme(iatel# afte the switch is close(. [2]
(b) /alc%late the final chage on the ca.acito when the c%ent is <eo. [1]
(c) /alc%late the time constant of the cic%it. [1]
(() 5he batte# an( switch ae e.lace( b# a "oltage so%ce which "aies with time as
shown in &ig. 6.2. 5he ca.acito is %nchage( at time t ' 0.
9a.e 2 (1990) + 3
(i) 0ketch on &ig. 6.3 how the .otential (iffeence acoss the ca.acito "aies with
time. [3]
(ii) 5he .otential (iffeence C acoss a ca.acito whilst it is being chage( is gi"en b#
the geneal e$%ation

=

CR
t
o
e V V 1
/alc%late the .otential (iffeence acoss the ca.acito when t ' 0.0) s. [3]
H. (a) 4escibe the .inci.al feat%es of a themoco%.le themomete an( state a s%itable
in(icating inst%ment to %se with it. [3]
(b) 0tate wh# the themo(#namic scale of tem.eat%e is calle( an absol%te scale. [2]
(c) *ame t#.es of themometes that wo%l( be s%itable fo meas%ing each of the
followingI
(i) the boiling .oint of o-#gen (abo%t 90 F)!
(ii) a a.i(l# changing tem.eat%e!
(iii) the tem.eat%e of a "e# small $%antit# of a li$%i(. [3]
1i"e a eason fo #o% choice of themomete in (ii). [1]
J (a) What is meant b# the tem theshol( fe$%enc# as a..lie( to the .hotoelectic effect?
9a.e 2 (1990) + )
[1]
(b) ,-.lain wh# the ma-im%m .ossible kinetic eneg# of a .hotoelecton is in(e.en(ent of
the intensit# of the inci(ent light. [2]
(c) 3lta+"iolet a(iation of fe$%enc# ).K3 - 10
16
E< is inci(ent on a metal s%face an( the
es%lting .hotoelectons ha"e a ma-im%m kinetic eneg# of 1.2K - 10
+1K
7. /alc%late
(i) the eneg# of a .hoton of this a(iation!
(ii) the ma-im%m kinetic eneg# of the .hotoelectons .o(%ce( b# a(iation of
fe$%enc# H.JH - 10
16
E< inci(ent on the same metal s%face. [H]
K. 5he electical geneato in a .owe station is (i"en b# a steam t%bine. 5he t%bine absobs
themal eneg# fom a boile an( .o(%ces %sef%l wok. Eowe"e! themal eneg# m%st also
be emo"e( fom the t%bine b# a cooling s#stem as shown in &ig. K.1.
5he o.eating efficienc# e of the t%bine is (efine( b#
e ' %sef%l wok o%t.%t
themal eneg# in.%t.
5he efficienc# of heat engines! of which the t%bine is an e-am.le! can ne"e e-cee( a
cetain "al%e which is fi-e( b# the tem.eat%es of the boile an( the cooling s#stem. 5his
i(eal efficienc# ema- is gi"en b# the e$%ation
ema- ' (52 + 51)L52
Whee 52 is the themo(#namic tem.eat%e of the boile an( 51 is the themo(#namic
tem.eat%e of the cooling s#stem.
&%the (ata fo a .atic%la .owe station sit%ate( at *ewtown ae gi"en below.
,lectical .owe o%t.%t 200 2W
9a.e 2 (1990) + 6
,fficienc# of electical geneato 100M
A.eating efficienc# of t%bine 31M
D(eal efficienc# of t%bine 62M
,ffecti"e tem.eat%e of the cooling s#stem 330 F
5he cooling s#stem %ses wate which entes at a tem.eat%e of 2K3 F
an( lea"es at 291 F.
0.ecific heat ca.acit# of cooling wate )200 7 kg
+1
F
+1
(a) /alc%late the i(eal efficienc# if the boile tem.eat%e is 100/ an( the cooling s#stem
is at 2J/. [2]
(b) (i) 9lot a ga.h of ema- against 52 %sing (ata fom the following table which efes to
a constant "al%e of 51. [3]
52LF ema-
333
3J3
)60
H00
J60
0.0)K
0.16
0.30
0.)J
0.6K
(ii) &om #o% ga.h (e(%ce the "al%e of 52 fo which ema- ' 0. [1]
(iii) Eence (e(%ce the "al%e of 51. [1]
(i") Dn .inci.le the i(eal efficienc# co%l( be incease( b# e(%cing the tem.eat%e of
the cooling s#stem. Wh# is this not a .acticable metho( of inceasing the
efficienc#? [1]
9a.e 2 (1990) + H
(c) &o the .owe station at *ewtown! calc%late
(i) the effecti"e boile tem.eat%e!
(ii) the ate of in.%t of themal eneg# to the t%bine!
(iii) the ate at which themal eneg# is emo"e( fom the t%bine!
(i") the e$%ie( ate of flow of wate tho%gh the cooling s#stem. [6]
(() 0%ggest two easons fo the (isce.anc# between the i(eal efficienc# of the t%bine an(
its o.eating efficienc#. [2]
(e) A significant faction of the electical .owe .o(%ce( in the 3.F. b# b%ning fossil
f%els is %se( fo (omestic heating. 5wo s%ggestions fo im.o"ement ae as follows.
(i) B%n the fossil f%el in the home instea( of at the .owe station.
(ii) 3se the themal eneg# o%t.%t fom the t%bine fo (omestic heating.
/omment citicall# on these s%ggestions.
0%ggest one f%the wa# b# which cons%m.tion of fossil f%el fo (omestic heating
co%l( be e(%ce(.
[3]
9a.e 2 (1990) + J