BS Environmental and Sanitary Engineering

Plumbing Valves Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

Plumbing Valves:
Service Pipe The pipe extending from the main to the consumers meter or curb stop if no meter.
Gooseneck - is used to make a flexible connection between the service and the cock.
Water meter is a device used to measure the volume that passes through the water service.
Common Types of Meters:
Nutating or Wabbling Disk is the most common type of meter, the disk is of hard rubber and
oscillates in guides, each oscillation indicating a filling and emptying of the disk chamber.
Oscillating Piston meter- consists of split cylindrical piston which oscillates in a cylindrical
piston which oscillates in a cylindrical measuring chamber, permitting water to enter and leave
by inlet and outlet ports in the process.
Turbine Meters measure the velocity of water passing, measurement being made by the
speed imparted to a turbine wheel.
Compound meter includes a meter of large capacity placed in the main service line to register
large flows and a small bypass meter to measure small flows, together with automatic valves
for diverting the small flows to the bypass.
Valve is a fitting installed by plumbers on a piping system to control the flow of fluid within that
system in one or more of the following ways.
1. To turn the flow on
2. To turn the flow off

Types of Plumbing Valves:
- Gate Valves or Full Way Valve They are used when repairs are needed in a distribution
system, it is necessary that the valve shall be shutoff. They are valves that control the flow
of liquid moving through the valve of a gate-like wedge disc with fits against a smooth
machined surface, called seat, within the valve body. A valve in which the flow of water is
cut off by means of a circular disc fitted against machine-smoothed faces, at right angles to
the direction of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by means of a threaded stem connected
BS Environmental and Sanitary Engineering
Plumbing Valves Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

to the handle of the valve. The opening in the valve is usually as large as the full bore of the
pipe.
- A valve iin which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disc fitted against machine-
smoothed faces at right angles to the direction of flow.

Two parts of a Typical Valve:
1. Solid-wedge Disc - The solid wedge is the oldest form of gate valve and a drawback to this design is that it
does not have any flexibility. There is the chance of solid disc getting jammed in the seats if there is any valve
body/seat distortion due to extreme temperature fluctuations.
2. Split-Wedge Disc - This is of a two-piece design having mating surfaces on the back side of each disc half.
This allows the downward stem thrust to be uniformly transferred to the disc faces and onto the seats. This
provides protection against jamming due to thermal expansion.
Three Types of Stems:
1. Rising Stem-Outside Screw and Yoke (OS & Y)
2. Rising Stem-inside Screw
3. Non-rising Stem-inside Screw
Rising Stem-inside
Screw
Non-rising Stem-inside
Screw Screw
BS Environmental and Sanitary Engineering
Plumbing Valves Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

2. Globe Valve a compression type valve in which the flow of water is controlled by means o a
circular disc that is (compressed) onto or withdrawn from an annular ring known as valve seat, which
surrounds the opening through which water flows.
- A valve in which the flow of fluid is cut off by means of a circular disc that fits over and against the
horizontal valve seat. The movement of the plane of disc is parallel to the normal direction of flow
water through the orifice resulting to a tortuous passage which offers a high-pressure loss.
Types of Globe Valve:
a. Plug Type
b. Conventional Type
c. Compression Type
3. Check Valve /No-return Valve / Reflux Valve permit water to flow in one direction only. They are
used in pump suction lines to prevent loss of water from the line when the pumped is stopped. This is
known as foot valve. Ball type check valve is principally used in pumping sewage.
- A valve that permits the flow of water within the pipe in only one direction and closes automatically
to prevent backflow (the flow in a reverse direction).
Two types of Check Valve according to manner of installation:
Conventional Type
Plug Type
BS Environmental and Sanitary Engineering
Plumbing Valves Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

a. Horizontal Check Valve
b. Vertical Check Valve
Types of Check Valve according to mechanism:
a. Swing Check Valve

b. Lift Check Valve
Horizontal Check Valve Vertical Check Valve

BS Environmental and Sanitary Engineering
Plumbing Valves Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

c. Ball Check Valve

d. Ball Valve a valve in which the flow of liquid is controlled by a rotating drilled ball that fits
tightly against a resilient or flexible seat in the valve body. A ball valve is basically a core cock
with a spherical seat.

3. Angle Valve a globe valve in which the inlet and outlet openings are at 90 angle to one
another; used for individual plumbing fixture control such as lavatory, water closet etc.
Angle Valve
Butterfly Valve
BS Environmental and Sanitary Engineering
Plumbing Valves Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

5. Butterfly Valve is now available with tight closure. It requires very little room and is easily
manipulated and its use is increasing in piping of filter plants.
- A valve with a rotating disk (the butterfly) that fits with the valve body. The rotation of the
disk is by means of a shaft from the disk connected to the handle.
6. Backwater Valve A type of check valve installed to prevent backflow of sewage from flooding the
basement or lower floors of a building.


Types of Backwater Valve:
a. Swing Backwater Valve
b. Ball Type Backwater Valve
7. Pressure Reducing Valve /Pressure Regulating Valve An automatic device used for converting inlet
water pressure to a lower constant pressure. These automatically reduce pressure on the downstream
side to any desired magnitude.
8. Relief Valve A safety device that automatically provides protection against excessive temperatures,
excessive pressures or both. This is installed in water heating equipment to protect from the dange of
overheating and explosion.

9. Stop and Waste Valve A type of compression stop valve with a side port into the valve body. This
is used to control the flow of water to fixtures, such as sillcocks, that are subject to freezing.

BS Environmental and Sanitary Engineering
Plumbing Valves Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

10. Foot Valve A valve that is installed at the base or foot of the junction line of a pump in a water
cistern or reservoir.
11. Float Valve A valve used to control the water level in a tank or other container. It is operated by a
float valve and the closing or opening which is dependent on the rise and fall of the float valve.

12. Flush Valve/Flushometer Valve a valve used for flushing by using water directly from the water
supply pipes or in connection with a special flush tank.
13. Mixing Valve a valve which mixes liquid, by either automatic or manual regulation.
BS Environmental and Sanitary Engineering
Plumbing Valves Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

14. Hydrant Valve consists of cast-iron barrel with a bell or flange fitting at the bottom to connect to
a branch from the water main. A valve in a hydrant used for drawing water directly from the main;
primarily used in connection with the protection or suppression system.


Other Miscellaneous Valves:

Double Disc or gate type it consists of a stem of brass or bronze which will resist corrosion.
Altitude Valves These are used to close automatically a supply line to an elevated tank when the tank
is full.
Automatic Poppet air valves also known as air- and vacuum valves, allow air to enter the pipe
when it is emptied, thus preventing collapsing pressure from the outside atmosphere.
Automatic Relief Valve- which will allow accumulated air to escape.
Sluice Gate are used to open or close openings into walls.
Shear gates are used for small circular openings.
Sill cocks and Boiler Drains are two types of compression stop valves. A sillcock is installed on the
outside of a building so that a garden hose may be attached. A boiler drain is a valve that is installed on
a tank (such as a water heater) for draining and/or flushing. Boiler drains and sillcokcs are hearty
identical, except that a sillcock has a mounting flange and the boiler drain has a screw threads for
direct mounting onto a tank.

Uses of Plumbing Valves:
1. A corporation cock is installed at the connection of water service to the water main.
2. A curb cock is located near the curb line of the building property to provide a means of controlling
the water service to the building.
3. A full valve id installed before the water meter.
4. If necessary, a pressure reducing valve would be installed between the water meter valves.
5. A relief Valve is installed on all hot water heating equipment.
6. A Full way valve is installed on the cold water supply.
7. A sill cock should be provided with a control valve located inside the building.
8. All water closets must have an individual control valve.
Mixing Valve
Hydrant Valve
BS Environmental and Sanitary Engineering
Plumbing Valves Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan

9. In apartment building, each family dwelling unit must be equipped with shutoff valves controlling
hot and cold water supply to that unit or the plumbing fixtures and appliances in that unit.
Location of Full Open Valves
1. On the building water service from the public water supply near the curb.
2. On the water distribution supply pipe at the entrance into the structure.
3. On the discharge side of every water meter.
4. On the base of every water riser pipe which are two stories or more in height.
5. On top of every down feed pipe.
6. On the entrance to every water supply pipe to a dwelling unit, except where supplying a
single fixture equipped with individual stops.
7. On the water supply pipe to a gravity or pressurized water tank.
8. On the waste supply pipe to every water heater.

Location of Shut-off Valves:

1. On the fixture supply to each plumbing fixture in all occupancies.
2. On the water supply pipe to each sillcock.
3. On the water supply pipe to each appliance or mechanical equipment.
Code Provisions on the use of Plumbing Valves:
1. Valves up to and including 51 mm in size shall be brass or other approved materials. Sizes over
51mm in diameter may have cast iron or brass bodies. Each gate valve shall have a fullway type with
working parts of non-corrosive materials.
2. A fullway valve controlling all outlets shall be installed on the discharge side of each water
meter and on each unmetered water supply. Water Supply piping supplying more than one building in
any premises shall be equipped with a separate fullway gate valve to each building, so arranged that
the water supply can be turned on or off to any individual or separate building, provided that supply
piping to a single family residence and building accessory thereto, may be controlled by one gate valve,
Such shut off valve shall be accessible at all times.
3. A valve used to control two (2) or more openings shall be fullway gate valve.
4. Control gate valves shall be installed before each water-supplied appliance slip joint, supply
pipings for non-metallic fixture and appliance.
5. All required shutoff valves shall be accessible.
6. A single control gate valve is installed in a water supply line ahead of any automatic metering
valve which supplies a battery of fixtures.