Ni R uopie

Physics foi CSEC

C o p i i g h t 2 u 1 2


P?SlCS
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PBYSICS

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"#$%&'($)
"*+,-.*/*01,2 -031, +04 (0,1.-/*01,

5-+01313*, +04 6031,
Almost eveiy quantity is expiesseu by a numbei inuicating its size a magnituue anu
by a unit in which a measuiement of its size is maue.
Base (oi funuamentalpiimaiy) quantities aie those foim which all othei quantities
aie ueiiveu anu these othei quantities aie iefeiieu to as a ueiiveu (oi seconuaiy)
quantities. The units in which base quantities aie measuieu aie calleu 7+,* -031, anu the
units in which ueiiveu quantities aie measuieu aie calleu ueiiveu units.
The S.I. uses the following base quantities anu theii coiiesponuing base units












Nultiplying anuoi uiviuing base quantities (along with theii units) can
piouuce a vaiiety of ueiiveu quantities (along with theii units)
Nany ueiiveu units aie conveniently expiesseu in a foim known as the
304*8 091+1390 in which the base units to some powei aie combineu anu expiesseu
only as piouucts. In some cases the ueiiveu unit (i.e. combination of base units) is
substituteu by anothei single unit.
BASE QUANTITY
TYPICAL
SYMBOL
BASE
UNIT
UNIT
SYMBOL
Mass m kilogram kg
length l metre m
Temperature T kelvin K
Current I amphere A
Time t second s
Amount of
Substance n mole mol.

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Consiuei some examples of ueiiveu quantities anu units:
DERIVED
QUANTITY
TYPICAL
SYMBOL DERIVED UNIT
UNIT SYMBOL
(INDEX
NOTATION)
Area A
metre squared or square
metre m!
Volume V metre cubed or cubic metre m"
Density # (rho) kilogram per metre cubed kgm^-3
Velocity and Speed v metre per second ms^-1
Acceleration a metre per second squared ms^-2
Force F
kilogram metre per
secondsquared
( or Newton (N) ) kg.m.s^-2 or N
Work/Energy W/E
kilogram metre squared per
second squared or Joule (J) kg.m^2.S^-2
Power P
kilogram metre squared per
second cubed or Watt (W) kg.m^2.S^-3 or W

Some quantities aie uimensionless (oi unitless) i.e. they have no units. Examples
incluue: Relative uensity, mechanical auvantage, velocity iatio, tuins iatio (of a
tiansfoimei) anu iefiactive inuex.




"6:;(<:#) &'= )6>"6:;(<:#) ?@ 6'(;)
Some units aie commonly expiesseu in teims of multiples oi submultiples of
themselves. This is uone by attaching a piefix to the usual unit. Bepenuing on the
meaning oi value of the piefix, the "new" unit (with the piefix) will eithei be a
multiple oi submultiple of the "olu" unit (without the piefix)

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Consiuei examples:
Example of olu
0nit
Name of Piefix Symbol of
Piefix
Neaning oi
value of Piefix
Symbol of new
unit

Netie, m Pico .p 1u^12
(submultiple)
.pm
Netie,m Nano .n 1u^9
(submultiple)
.nm
Netie, m Nicio . 1u^6
(submultiple)
m
Netie, m Nilli .m 1u^S
(submultiple)
.mm
Netie, m Centi .c 1u^2
(submultiple)
.cm
Netie, m Beci .u 1u^1
(submultiple)
.um
Netie, m Beca B 1u^2
(multiple)
Bm
Netie, m Kilo .k 1u^S
(multiple)
Km
Netie, m Nega N 1u^6
(multiple)
Nm
Netie, m uiga u 1u^9
(multiple)
um
Netie, m Teia T 1u^12
(multiple)
Tm
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);&'=&A= @?A" ?A )$(#';(@($ '?;&;(?'
This is a way of expiessing a numbei in the foim of X x 1u
n
wheie X is a numbei
with one uigit befoie the uecimal point anu n is a positive oi negative numbei (
expiessing a powei oi inuex of 1u) Consiuei examples

876S4 = 8.76S4 x 1u
4

9172.8 = 9.1728 x 1u
S

S46.19 = S.4169 x 1u
2

72.9S = 7.92S x 1u
1

u.S41S = S.41S x 1u
-1

u.uS719 = S.719 x 1u
-2

u.uuuuu46S8 = 4.6S8 x 1u
-6

2.91 = 2.91 x 1u
u


Stanuaiu foim notation enables veiy laige oi veiy small numbeis to be expiesseu
moie conveniently (since it avoius the use of laige numbei of naughts).










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;6;?A(&:
!" WrlLe ln sLandard form (a) 1 760 000, (b) 0.000 033.


$. (a) Pow many square meLres are Lhere ln 1 km
2
?
(b) Pow many square cenLlmeLres are Lhere ln 1 m
2
?


%" (a) Pow many cm
3
are Lhere ln 1 llLre?
(b) Pow many llLres are Lhere ln 1 m
3
?


&" Work ouL Lhe answer Lo each of Lhe followlng. llrsL do lL wlLhouL a calculaLor, Lhen use a
calculaLor Lo check your answer. WrlLe your answers ln sLandard form.
(a) 3 x 10
3
x 4 x 10
3
. (b) 3 x 10
3
x 4 x 10
-7
.
8 x 10
3
8 x 10
-2

(c) 2 x 10
2
(d) 2 x 10
-7
(e) 2 x 10
3



'" lor more pracLlce, seL up quesLlons of your own slmllar Lo Lhose ln quesLlon 4. Work Lhem
ouL, Lhen check each answer wlLh a calculaLor.


(" WhaL ls Lhe area of a square of slde 0.06 m?


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)" WhaL ls Lhe volume of a cube of slde 0.04 m?


*" ConverL 3 mm lnLo meLres. Lxpress your answer ln sLandard form.
+" 1ry Lhe follow converslons:-
(a) 0.3 km lnLo meLres.
(b) 23 cm lnLo mllllmeLres, and lnLo meLres.
(c) 120 s lnLo seconds.
(d) 200 mg lnLo grams, and lnLo kllograms.


!," 1he mass of an elecLron ls 9.1 x 10
-31
kg. Pow many elecLrons would be needed Lo make up
one gram?


!!" ConverL one year (Laken as 363.23 days) lnLo seconds. Clve your answer ln sLandard form,
Lo 3 slgnlflcanL flgures.


!$" (a) Lxpress 3.0 km ln meLres, ln sLandard form.
(b) LlghL Lravels Lhrough alr aL a speed of 3.0 x 10
8

m s
-1
. lf you shlne a brlghL llghL Lowards an observer who ls 3.0 km away, how long wlll lL Lake Lo
reach hlm? Clve your answer Lo an approprlaLe number of flgures.



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!%" Suppose you have your halr cuL abouL every Lhree weeks (1.8 x 10
6
s), and LhaL each Llme
roughly 3 cm ls cuL off.
(a) ConverL 3 cm lnLo meLres, ln sLandard form.
(b) use Lhe lnformaLlon above Lo arrlve aL Lhe speed aL whlch your halr grows ln m s
-1
. Lxpress
lL ln sLandard form, Lo [usL one flgure (because of Lhe approxlmaLe naLure of Lhe daLa).