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Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the process of systematically reviewing and appraising clinical research findings to provide optimal patient care. EBM involves producing and disseminating evidence-based clinical guidelines through research and review, implementing cost-effective evidence-based practices through education and change management, and evaluating compliance with guidance through clinical audits and incentives.
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the process of systematically reviewing and appraising clinical research findings to provide optimal patient care. EBM involves producing and disseminating evidence-based clinical guidelines through research and review, implementing cost-effective evidence-based practices through education and change management, and evaluating compliance with guidance through clinical audits and incentives.
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the process of systematically reviewing and appraising clinical research findings to provide optimal patient care. EBM involves producing and disseminating evidence-based clinical guidelines through research and review, implementing cost-effective evidence-based practices through education and change management, and evaluating compliance with guidance through clinical audits and incentives.
systematically reviewing, appraising and using clinical research fndings to aid the delivery of optimum clinical care to patients. EBM forms part of the multifaceted process of assuring clinical efectiveness, the main elements of which are: Production of evidence through research and scientifc review Production and dissemination of evidence-ased clinical guidelines !mplementation of evidence-ased, cost-efective practice through education and management of change Evaluation of compliance with agreed practice guidance through clinical audit and outcomes-focused incentives. Patient or problem "irst, thin# aout the patient and$or setting you are dealing with. %ry to identify all of their clinical characteristics that in& uence the prolem, which are relevant to your practice and which would afect the relevance of research you might f nd. !t will help your search if you can e as specif c as possile at this stage, ut you should ear in mind that if you are too narrow in searching you may miss important articles 'see ne(t section). Intervention *e(t, thin# aout what you are considering doing. !n therapy, this may e a drug or counselling+ in diagnosis it could e a test or screening programme. !f your ,uestion is aout harm or aetiology, it may e e(posure to an environmental agent. -gain, it pays to e specif c when descriing the intervention, as you will want to re& ect what is possile in your practice. !f considering drug treatment, for e(ample, dosage and delivery should e included. -gain, you can always roaden your search later if your ,uestion is too narrow. Comparison intervention .hat would you do if you didn/t perform the intervention0 %his might e nothing, or standard care, ut you should thin# at this stage aout the alternatives. %here may e useful evidence which directly compares the two interventions. Even if there isn/t, this will remind you that any evidence on the intervention should e interpreted in the conte(t of what your normal practice would e. Outcome %here is an important distinction to e made etween the outcome that is relevant to your patient or prolem and the outcome measures deployed in studies. 1ou should spend some time wor#ing out e(actly what outcome is important to you, your patient, and the time-frame that is appropriate. !n serious diseases it is often easy to concentrate on the mortality and miss the important aspects of -s#ing answerale ,uestions 5 moridity. 2owever, outcome measures, and the relevant time to their measurement, may e guided y the studies themselves and not y your original ,uestion. %his is particularly true, for e(ample, when loo#ing at pain relief, where the patient/s o3ective may e 4relief of pain/ while the studies may def ne and assess this using a range of diferent measures. Critical appraisal is the process of carefully and systematically e(amining research to 3udge its trustworthiness, and its value and relevance in a particular conte(t. %he Critical Appraisal Sills Pro!ramme aims to help people develop the necessary s#ills to ma#e sense of scientifc evidence, and has produced appraisal chec#lists covering validit"# results and relevance$