A Research Paper Presented to The Faculty of Education University of Northeastern Philippines Iriga City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject EDUCATION 200 (Methods of Research)
By :
AILEEN S. JAVIER
Summer 2014
ii APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Arts major in Public Administration, this study entitled THE POPULATON AND STATUS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH AND OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN ALONG RAILROAD ZONE OF TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON A.Y. 2011-2012, prepared and submitted by Aileen S. Javier is hereby approved
DR. IMELDA A. TANGALIN,DPM/Ph.D Date Adviser
Approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Arts major in Public Administration. ____________ ______________ Member Member
IMELDA A. TANGALIN, DPM/Ph.D. Chairman
iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researchers were grateful to express their thanks to the following persons for providing the needed motivations and aspirations in conducting their study: To my professor , Dr. Imelda A. Tangalin, her suggestions and constructive criticisms; To my friends, for their all out support, for laughter theyve shared with us during our most crucial time to do this study; To my husband, children and sister who gave me moral and financial supports, and; To Almighty God for the needed strength and graces bestowed me during the entire course of this study.
The Researcher
iv TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Title page i Approval Sheet ii Acknowledgement iii Table of Contents iv
Chapter I - INTRODUCTION Introduction 1 Background of the Study 3 Statement of the problem 4 Significance of the study 5 Scope and Delimitation of the Study 6 Conceptual Framework 6 Conceptual Paradigm 7 Definition of Terms Cr Chapter II- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Related Literature 10 Related Study 11 Synthesis of the State of the Art 13
Chapter III- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design 14 Locale of the Study 14 Sample and Sampling Design 14 Research Instrumentation 15 Data Gathering Procedure 15 Statistical Treatment 16
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Out of school youth means having been vulnerable to their needs. Nobody can deny the hard fact that education is an extremely important factor for bringing change in the lives of individuals. It has universally been recognized as the most powerful instrument and pre requisite for gearing up the socio-economic development of a nation. The fact, it can be said that it is a pre-condition for the overall up-lift and welfare of a nation. This is why investment in education is considered to be so vital for human resource development of the quality of manpower. The history of humankind, in general, and that of developed nations of the worked, and particular, is replete with precedence, which establish the fact that a certain level of literacy in population is an essential pre-requisite for precipitating the process. The segment of society that plays the most active part in the socio-economic development of any country/region consists of adolescents. It is clear that expediting the process of national development and influencing the policy makers and planers and their planning and decision making for the future. In this way, the adolescents act as a sort of a pressure group that exerts a far- reaching impact on the process of educational planning as well are vulnerable population with complex needs. Many face dim employment prospects and uncertain futures. Out of school youth and children are broadly defined as youth aged 13-24 who are not in the school and who are employed, underemployed, or lacking composition and characteristics of this most crucial part of population goes 2 a long way in basic skills. While there is no single system that provides services to out of school youth and children, many system a role in better addressing their needs, including the public education, work, force, human services, juvenile justice, and community. Out of school children are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary school. The percentage of children enrolled in primary school was down to 83 percent in the 2006-2007 school years, from 90 percent five years earlier, the National Statistical Coordination Board said in a study. Out of school children means aged 6-12 that are not in the school. In a country burdened with seemingly insurmountable problems, children concerns are often over shadowed by others, supposedly more urgent issues newspaper and broadcast shows teem with adult problems, even if more than 45 percent of the total Philippine population or about 28 million- are below 18 years old. Most of the childrens had already spent their early years helping the family. Some of the children lives in the streets. These children suffer not only from material poverty but also the luck of intellectual stimuli and learning opportunities. Forced to work early, they cannot enjoy the world of wonder and awe that is the essence of childhood. Unable to enjoy much leisure, play or recreation, their psychosocial development is cripped. But the reality that child workers, no matter how hazardous and stultifying, helps keep children and their families alive even if they are not able to attend to school. Citing data from UNICEF and the National Council of Social Development Foundation of the Philippines ( 2007).
3 Background of the Study In the Philippines, the trends for the past ten years show that for every 10 pupils who enrolled in grade school, only 7 graduated. The same ratio is experienced among the high school student. Main reasons cites for dropping-out are mostly poverty related. While basis education is free, many poor families are unable to finance the ancillary school needs of their children. Deprived of completing high school education, the out of school youth are further marginalized from acquiring technical skills. As mandated by the law, technical education in the Philippines is a post-secondary course. The continuing inability of many poor young people to complete basic education, consign them to the vicious cycle of poverty. Their lack of education constrains their access to better-carrying jobs or inability to succeed in entrepreneurial pursuits, all of which require higher degree of literacy. Workers with solid foundation in technical education, have better chances of landing jobs. Amidst increasing incidence of out of school youth exacter bated by political and economic crises, the projects seek to develop and test mechanisms that will enable children in the age group 7 to 14 to be schooled or remain in school, and pilot the implementation of an employment and entrepreneurship program for youth in the 15 to 24 year age group, integrating technical skills development with life skills development.(www.google.com)
4 Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine The Population of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children of Barangay along Railroad Zone of Tagkawayan, Quezon A.Y. 2011-2012. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School of Children in terms of: a. Age b. Gender c. Family Size d. Birth Order e. Parents Occupation f. Parents Educational Attainment 2. What is the population of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children of Barangays along Railroad Zone? 3. What are the reasons of their being Out-of-School Youth and Out-of- School Children? 4. What activities do Out-of-School Youth and Out- of-School Children? 5. What are the programs of the Barangay Government Unit to the Out-of- School Youth and Out-of-School Children?
5 Significance of the Study The results of the study will yields benefit the following: Students. The result of the study can help the students expand their information about the status and population of Out of School Youth and Out of School Children they can gain awareness from it. Besides, they can develop their skills and abilities in any specific manner to be able to accomplish the goals. Teachers. The result of this study will provide the teacher with information to the population out of school youth and out of school children of Barangays along Railroad zone for guidance to individual youth. Barangay Officials.The result of the study will help the Barangay Officials to be more effective leaders and responsive to the needs of their constituents. Community. This will help the society to be more aware of duties and responsibilities extended to out of school youth and children. Out of School Youth and Children. This will help them to become aware of the importance of education in life. Researchers. The researchers acquired knowledge upon doing this study in analyzing the data as well as tabulating data. Other Researchers. The results of this study will inspire other researchers to conduct a follow up researches that will further help out of school youth and children.
6 Scope and Delimitations
The study focus on the population and status of out of school youth and out of school children of barangays along the Railroad Zone namely; Aliji, Cabuguang, Cagasgas, Candalapdap, Colongcolong, Delrosario, Katimo, Kinatakutan, Vectoria, Siguiwan, San Roque, Mangayao, Manato Station, Manato Central, Mahinta, and Laurel.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework paradigm presents the subject of the study which involve in Barangay along Railroad Zone Tagkawayan, Quezon. This respondents are the sources of information of the activities undertaken along Railroad Zone Tagkawayan, Quezon toward of out of school youth and children a questionnaire is use to produce the necessary information that process that helps to determine the activities and program toward out of school youth and children in Railroad Zone. It will be finalized through the statistical treatment that is by analyzing, tabulating and interpreting the data gathered.
7 Conceptual Paradigm
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
FIGURE 1. This is the conceptual paradigm of The Population and Status of Out of School Youth and Out of School Children along Railroad Zone Tagkawayan, Quezon S.Y. 2011-2012
THE POPULATION AND STATUS OF OUT OF SCHOOL YOUTH AND OUT OF SCHOOL CHILDREN ALONG RAILROAD ZONE TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON SY. 2011-2012
Out of school youth
Out of school children
Questionnaire
Analysis of data Profile of out of school youth/children Population of out of school youth/children Reasons of being out of school youth/children Activities of out of school youth/children Program of Barangay Government UUUUUSSDMNF UUUUniyyUnits 8
Definition of Terms For the purpose of clarification and unity of thoughts in this study, the following terms were defined and explained below: Age. It refers to the actual chronological age of the respondents in years during his/her birthday when this study was conducted. Barangay Officials. They are person with authority in the community. Educational Attainment. It refers to the highest degree or grade level acquired by the respondents. Gender. It tells whether the respondents were male/female. Monthly Income. It refers to aggregate amount earned by the family members to be spent for basic needs of the family. Out of School Children. It refers to the children that has age 6-12 who are out of school. Out of School Youth. It refers to the youth that has age 13-24 who are out of school. Population.It refers to the total number of the out of school youth and out of school children in the specific area. Problems. It refers to the situations considered by the officials deficiencies that were needed to be addressed. Profile.It refers to the personal attitudes of the respondents. These includes age, gender, civil, status, education attainment, family size and experience in work. 9 Railroad Zone. It is one of the zone that Tagkawayan has. It composed of different barangays found along the railroad namely: Aliji, Cabuguang, Cagascas, Candalapdap, Colongcolong, Del Rosario, Katimo, Kinatakutan, Victoria, Siguiwan, San Roque, Mangayao, Manato Station, Manato Central, Mahinta, and Laurel. Status.It describes the respondents as single, married, widow or separate.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter contains the related literature and studies taken from different sources.
Related Literature
Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834), argued in his Essay on the Principle of Population that, because of the strong attraction between the two sexes, the population could multiply rapidly and, as a result, would increase much faster than the food supply. Two people will have four children. These four children will have sixteen children, and so on. He believes that the more extensively land is cultivated, the less the land would yield every year. He contended that, as the population grows bigger, food production would be insufficient and, most likely, famine and overcrowding would cause widespread suffering and diseases and an increase in death rate, which is natures check on over population. Malthus suggested that an alternative is to postpone marriage until a much later age so that the birth rate may be decreased. Karl Marx (1772-1838), contended that starvation was caused by the unequal distribution of wealth and its virtual accumulation by capitalist. Other writers argued against Malthus contended that food production could not increase rapidly.
11 This theory was much debated on when science and technology began to give farmers much greater yields. The world population explosions has led to a dramatic increase in population density and consequently the supply and distribution of food for survival become inadequate to provide the minimal nutritional requirements for many people. (Sociology and Anthropology 1977)
Related Studies
The latest NSO (1995) statistics on working children, found 3,669,903 working children in the Philippines. This was a far cry from BWYW estimates in 1985 of 5 to 7 million, and UNICEF estimates in 1987 of 5 million. Did the number of child workers actually decrease, or should we look for explanations in the framework and approach that researchers and institutions used to estimate their figures? Factors like a change in economic situation, as well as the research approach may have been responsible for these differences. These issues were not resolved even with the first national survey for 1995 by the NSO, as questions were raised vis a vis its results. With support from the William T. Grant Foundation, the Harvard Family Research Project conducted a research study on the factors associated with wither youth participate in out of school time programs and activities. Building on our previous work, we use national data to examine the many factors and context in childrens lives that predict participation. This research summary synthesis findings from two
12 publications examining demographic differences in childrens out of school youth participation, in their overall participation, changes in participation overtime, and differences in different dimensions of participation. During three nationally representative data sets, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics-Child Development Supplement, the National Survey of American Families, this summary presents key findings on differences in multiple dimensions of youth participation in variety of out of school youth context among youth from varying family income levels and youth from varying racial and ethical groups (Sociology and Anthropology 1977).
Related Readings According article 139 Minimum employment age. No child below (15) years of age shall be employed, except when he works under the sole responsibility of his parents or guardian, and his employment does not way interfere without his schooling. Any person between fifteen (15) and eighteen (18) years of age may be employed for such number of hours and such periods of the day as determined by the secretary of labor in appropriate regulations. The foregoing provisions shall in no case allow the employment of a person below (18) years of age in an under taking which is hazardous or deleterious in nature as determined by the secretary of labor. Article 140. Prohibition against child discrimination. No employer shall discriminate against any person in respect to learns and conditions of employment on account on his age. Without limiting the natural rights of parents to rear their 13 children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age;establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies and other incentives which shall be available to deserving student in both public and private schools, especially to the underprivileged; encourage non- formal, informal and indigenous learning, independent and out of school youth study programs particularly those that respond to community needs and provide adult citizens, the disabled and out of school youth without training in civics, vocational efficiency and other skills. (Human Rights 2000)
Justification of the Present Study The researchers will conduct a research about the topic which is related to the research title. The foregoing literature reading and studies discussed the related theory in Out of School Youth and Out of School Children. The related literatures are topics from books, journals and magazines which serve as a basis on how higher order thinking skills developed among barriers and some article explained. The meaning of the topic and are related to the researchers title.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes research design, locale of the study, research
process, interview schedule, instrumentation, and statistical treatment.
Research Design
This research used the descriptive survey research design because it has provided description of variables in order to answer the question. Descriptive survey research is a process of gathering, analyzing and classifying data about the respondents.
Locale of the study
This study was conducted in selected sixteen (16) barangays along Railroad Zone such as Aliji, Cabuguang, Cagascas, Candalaptap, Colong-Colong, Del Rosario, Katimo, Kinatakutan, Victoria, Seguiwan, San Roque, Mangayao, Manato Central, Mahinta, Laurel.
Subject of the study
The respondents of this study are those Out-of-School Youth and Out-of- School Children Along Railroad Zone Tagkawayan, Quezon. S.Y. 2011-2012.
15
Research Instruments
The researchers used the interview for the gathering of data needed in identifying the population and status of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children in Barangay along Railroad zone Tagkawayan Quezon AY 2011-2012. The review has been used to get the profile of the respondents, the factors that influenced the children to become an out of school youth, and the problems experienced by children. The questionnaire was the major tool in gathering of data. It is made up of 3 parts: the profile of the children, the causes of being out- of-school youth and out-of-school children and the activities being done by the Barangay officials with the out of school youth and children. A face to face interview have been very beneficial during the conduct of questionnaire for clarification of some items not understood by the respondents. The behavior and reaction of each respondent as well as in observation and coordination of the family helped a lot in the analyzation of the given data.
Data Gathering Procedure
This research sought a letter of request to conduct the study from Deans office. In order to draw the needed information from the respondents, the researchers made a communication letter asking permission from the barangay heads to conduct the said study on their respective barangay. With the approval of 16 scheduled questionnaire with checklist were distributed to the respondents for them to answer and to solicit the needed data for the study. This have done accordingly by the barangay head to facilitate the distribution of the questionnaire to the respondents after which have retrieved and subjected to evaluation and analysis.
Statistical Treatment of the Data
This study used the frequency, percentage and ranking in tabulatimg data to determine the responses of the Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children of Barangay along Railroad Zone Tagkawayan, Quezon. Percentage is a method of expressing a part of a whole number in terms of hundredths. Frequency it is the number of times a particular result occurs in a statistical survey absolute frequency, or the ratio of that number to the total results obtained in the survey relative frequency. And the ranking is the method on how to tabulate the data and to arrange the number of respondents.
Formula: P= F/N X 100
Where:
P- population F- frequency P- percentage
Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter analyzes and interprets the data gathered from the respondents. The researchers used mode tally, constructed tables, analyzed and interpreted the based on the questionnaires.
Personal Profile of the Respondents
The data were analyzed and presented through the use of frequency, ranking, percentage distribution. Presentation of data was done by means of tables with their corresponding analysis and interpretation. Table 1 presents the distribution of respondents according to age. As shown in the table the largest population of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children were belong to the age bracket 16-19 years, with 162 or 46 percent while 113 or 32 percent of the respondents belong to the age bracket of 13-15 years. Next 55 or 16 percent of the respondents belong to the age bracket 6-9 it is followed by 11 or 3 percent of the respondents belong to the age bracket 10-12 years, and the lowest group belong to the 20-24 age bracket with 9 or 3 percent. Table 2 presents the distribution of the respondents according to gender. It reveals that the majority of the Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children was male. It further shows that there are 225 or 64 percent male compared to 125 or 36 percent female of the respondents.
18 TABLE 1 Distribution of Respondents According to Age
Age Frequency Percentage Rank 6-9 55 16 3 10-12 11 3 4 13-15 113 32 2 16-19 162 46 1 20-24 9 3 5 TOTAL 350 100%
TABLE 2 Distributions of Respondents According to Gender
Gender F Percentage Rank Male 225 64 1 Female 125 36 2 TOTAL 350 100%
Table 3 presents the distribution of the respondents according to the number of household members. It shows that the majority of Out-of- School Youth and Out-of- School Children respondents belong to a household having 9-11 members. This got a frequency of 139 or 40 percent. That is followed by 6-8 members in the frequency of 174 or 50 percent. Next 3-5 having 22 or 6 percent and the lowest is from the household of 12 above with 15 or 4 percent of the respondents. 19
TABLE 3
Distribution of Respondents According to Household Size
Table 4 shows the distribution of the respondents according to birth order. It presents that the majority of OSY/OSC are in the middle got the frequency of 221 or 63 percent and the next 81 or 23 percent from eldest and the lowest 48 or 14 percent from the youngest of the respondents.
TABLE 4
Distribution of Respondents According to Birth Order
Birth Order No. Percentage Rank Eldest 81 23 2 Middle 221 63 1 Youngest 48 14 3 TOTAL 350 100%
20
Table 5 reveals the distribution of respondents according to father occupation. Majority of the father occupation got the highest score with 144 or 41 percent from farmers, it is followed by the 128 frequency or 37 percent from the carpenter. Next is fishermen with 39 or 11 percent while the driver got the 13 or 4 percent. Next 12 or 3 percent from vendor. And the lowest has the 10 or 3 percent are from the technician.
TABLE 5
Distribution of Respondents According to Father Occupation
Father Occ. F Percentage Rank Farmers 144 41 1 Fishermen 39 11 3 Carpenters 128 37 2 Driver 13 4 4 Technician 10 3 5 Tailor 4 1 5 Vendor 12 3 6 TOTAL 350 100% 21 Table 6 it demonstrates the distribution of respondents according to Mother occupation. Majority of the mothers occupation got the highest score of 254 or 73 percent from the house keeper, it is followed by the laundry woman with 33 frequency or 9 percent while the housemaid got 23 or 7 percent. Some of the Mothers occupation were dressmaker with 22 or 6 percent. Next 15 or 4 percent from the vendor and last is got the frequency of 3 or 1 percent of the respondents. Table 6
Distribution of Respondents According to Mother Occupation
Table 7 it manifests the distribution of respondents according to educational attainment of the father. It prove that the majority of fathers educational attainment got the highest frequency of 253 or 72 percent from the high school it is followed by the 88 or 25 percent from the elementary and the lowest having 9 or 3 percent from the college. 22 TABLE 7
Distribution of Respondents According to Educational Attainment of the Father
Education Level F Percentage Rank Elementary 88 25 2 High School 253 72 1 College 9 3 5 TOTAL 350 100%
Table 8 reveals the distribution of respondents according to educational attainment of the mother. It clear that majority of OSY/OSC got the highest score 252 or 72 percent from the high school and the second has the frequency of 88 or 25 percent from the elementary and the third has the lowest with 10 or 3 percent.
TABLE 8
Distribution of Respondents According to Educational Attainment of the Mother
Educational Level F Percentage Rank Elementary 88 25 2 High School 252 72 1 College 10 3 3 TOTAL 350 100% 23 Population of the Respondents
This table presents the population of Out of School Youth and Out of School Children. Table 9 presents the distribution of the respondents according to Barangay. It shows the Population of selected (16) Barangay along Railroad zone. First, is Barangay Katimo got the highest population with 28 or 8 percent, second with 27 or 8 percent from Barangay Laurel. Third, is BaragayMangayao with the population of 26 or 7 percent of the respondents same of the Barangay Seguiwan. Fifth, is got 25 frequency or 7 percent from Barangay Mahinta it is followed by 24 or 7 percent from Barangay Candalapdap while Barangay Cagascas and Barangay Manato Station got the same frequency of 23 or 7 percent of the respondents. The population of Barangay Aliji got 22 or 7 percent compared to Barangay Kinatakutan with 21 or 6 percent. Barangay Manato Central having the frequency of 19 or 5 percent same of the Barangay San Roque, Barangay Colong-colong got the frequency 18 or 5 percent and Barangay Del Rosario having 17 or 5 percent while Barangay Victoria and Barangay Cabuguang having the lowest population with 16 or 5 percent of the respondents.
This data presents the reasons of the Out of School Youth and Out of School Children. Table 10 it shows the distribution of respondents according to reason. It view that the money is the first reason of being OSY/OSC with 314 or 90 percent and the second reason is personal factor having 23 or 7 percent of the respondents. Third reason is from the early parenthood with 5 or 1 percent same as the sickness/illness and the lowest frequency with 3 or 1 percent from physical/mental disability of the respondents.
TABLE 10
Distribution of Respondents According to Reasons of being Out of School Youth and Out of School Children
Reason F Percentage Rank Money 314 90 1 Sickness/Illness 5 1 3 Physical/Mental Disability 3 1 4 Early Parenthood 5 1 3 Personal Factor 23 7 2 TOTAL 350 100%
26 Activities of the Respondents
This data shows the activities of OSY/OSC. Table 11 shows the distribution of respondents according to the activities of Out of School Youth and Out of School Children. It demonstrate that working for living is the primary activities of OSY/OSC with 258 or 74 percent. The second got 63 or 18 percent the from the activities sports/games while idling (doing nothing) is the next with 15 or 4 percent of the respondents. Some of the activities of OSY/OSC is household chores with the frequency of 5 of 1 percent while 4 or 1 percent from the house help. Next activities was the fishing with 3 or 1 percent and the last is farmhand with the score of 2 or 1 percent of the respondents. TABLE 11
Distribution of Respondents According to Activities of OSY/OSC.
Activities F Percentage Rank Working for a Living 258 74 1 Sports/Games 63 18 2 Household chores 5 1 4 Househelp (kasambahay) 4 1 4 Farmhand 2 1 4 Idling (doing nothing) 15 4 3 Fishing 3 1 4 TOTAL 350 100%
Chapter V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary , findings, conclusion and recommendations of the researchers. This study aimed to determine the Population and Status of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children Along Railroad Zone Tagkawayan, Quezon S.Y. 2011-2012. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the Out of School Youth and Out of School Children in terms of: a. age b. gender c. family size d. birth order e. parents occupation f. parents educational attainment 2. What is the population of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children of Barangays along Railroad Zone? 3. What are their reasons of being Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children? 4. What activities do by Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children?
28 5. What are the program of the Barangay Government Unit with Out-of- School Youth and Out-of-School Children?
Problem 1 What is the profile of the Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children?
Findings: a. Majority of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children respondents age ranged from 16-19 with frequency of 162 or 46 percent and those who belong 20-24 age brackets composed of 3 of the respondents. b. Over all of the respondents were male with the frequency 225 or 64 percent and 125 or 36 percent from female of the respondents. c. Most of the Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children respondents members of household size were 6-8 members with the frequency of 174 or 50 percent of the respondents. d. Popular of the Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children respondents were in the middle with the frequency 221 or 63 percent of the respondents. e. Most of the Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children fathers occupation were farmers with the frequency 144 or 41 percent of the respondents. f. The majority of mothers occupation were housekeeper with the frequency of 254 or 73 percent of the respondents.
29 g. Popular of the fathers educational attainment were high school level with 253 or 72 percent of the respondents and only 9 or 3 percent were college level. h. Majority of the mothers educational attainment were high school graduate with the frequency 252 or 72 percent of the respondents and only 9 or 3 percent of the respondents were college level.
Conclusions:
Most of the Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children ages ranged 16-19. Majority of the Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children respondents were male. Most of the birth order of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children were in the middle. The majority of the fathers occupation were farmers while the mothers occupation of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children were housekeeper. Majority of the fathers educational attainment were high school level same as of the mothers educational attainment.
Recommendations:
Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children should strive and think possible solutions to the problem that they have encountered so that they can pursue education to avoid of being an Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children. 30 Problem 2
What is the population of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children of Barangays along Railroad Zone?
Findings:
Most of the Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children were having the frequency of 28 or 8 percent from the respondents of Barangay Katimo and 16 or 5 percent from Barangay Victoria and Barangay Cagascas.
Conclusions:
The population that had the highest rate was from Barangay Katimo and the lowest was from Barangay Cagascas and Barangay Victoria.
Recommendations:
Free vocational training should be opened to the Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children who are professionally inclined.
Problem 3
What are the reasons of their being Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children.
31 Findings:
The majority reasons of their being Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children were the money with the frequency of 314 or 90 percent and the sickness/illness with a frequency of 5 or 1 percent of the respondents.
Conclusions:
Money were the primary reasons of being Out of School Youth and Out of School Children.
Recommendations
The researchers recommend that Local Government Unit should have a social services to alleviate the condition of the poor family in the form of employment / entrepreneurial skill in fishing or either in agriculture which should be looked into by local and national agencies.
Problem 4
What activities do by Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children.
Findings: Majority of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children respondents activities were working for a living with the frequency of 258 or 74 percent and fishing with 3 or 1 percent. 32 Conclusions: Majority of the Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children respondents were working for a living.
Recommendations:
The researchers recommend the distribution of activities of all Out-of- School Youth and Out-of-School Children by Barangay unit along their field of skill and interest.
Problem 5
What are the programs of the Barangay Government Unit to the Out-of- SchoolYouth and Out-of-School Children?
Findings:
Most of the program of the Barangay Government Unit to the Out-of- School Youth and Out-of-School Children were the scholarship and giving the ALS or Alternative Learning System.
Conclusions:
The problem encountered by the respondents in the Barangay is mostly lack of funds. 33 Recommendations:
The researchers recommend that all Barangay officials must be aware of the problem of their constituents and they should know their duties and responsibilities of being government officials regarding this problem.
34 BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Computer Materials
http:// www.google.com.ph http://www.oppapers.com/subjects/outof school youth in the Philippines essays page2.html
B. Book Materials
Jessie D. Javier.et. al.Sociology and Antropology. Published and distributed by REX Book Store 856: Nicanor Reyes,,Sr.St. 1977 C.M. Recto Avenue. Manila Philippines.
Melencio C. Deauna.et.al. Environmental Science. Quezon Avenue.1104 Q.C. Philippines Inc.927.
Cielito F. Habito.Philippine Development Report. 1987-1992. Republic of the Philippines. National Economic and Development Authority. 1993. Printed in the Philippines. December 1993.
Jorge R. Coquia.Human Rights. Published by Central Books Professional Books Inc.927 Quezon Avenue. Q.C.Philippines 2000.
APPENDICES
36 APPENDIX A
Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILLERMO ELEAZAR Tagkawayan, Quezon
QUESTIONNAIRE
The population and Status of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children Along Railroad Zone of Tagkawayan, Quezon A.Y. 2011-2012 I. What is the profile of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children along Railroad Zone? 1. Age 2.Gender 3.Family Size 4. Birth Order ( ) 6-9 ( ) Male ( ) 3-5 ( ) Eldest ( ) 10-12 ( ) Female ( ) 6-8 ( ) Middle ( ) 13-15 ( ) 9-11 ( ) Youngest ( ) 16-19 ( ) 12- Above ( ) 20-24 5. Father Occupation 6. Mother Occupation ( ) Farmers ( ) Dressmaker ( ) Fishermen ( ) Housekeeper ( ) Carpenter ( ) Laundrywoman ( ) Driver ( ) Housemaid ( ) Technician ( ) Vendor ( ) Tailor ( ) Cook ( ) Factory Worker ( ) Government Employee ( ) Security Guard ( ) Private Employee ( ) Businessman ( ) Others please specify_ ( ) Vendor __________________ ( ) Government Employee ( ) Private Employee ( ) Others please specify____________________ 37 7. Educational Attainment A. Father B. Mother ( ) Elementary Level ( ) Elementary Level ( ) Elementary Graduate ( ) Elementary Graduate ( ) High school Level ( ) High school Level ( ) High school Graduate ( ) High school Graduate ( ) College Level ( ) College Level ( ) College Graduate ( ) College Graduate ( ) Vocational Graduate ( ) Vocational Graduate ( ) Others please specify_________ ( ) Others please specify_____ II. What is the population of Out- of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children along Railroad Zone? III. What are the reasons of being Out- of- School Youth and Out- of- School Children? ( ) Money ( ) Family Factor ( ) Sickness/Illness ( ) Teacher Factor ( ) Physical/Mental Disability ( ) Far Distance (Residence-School) ( ) Parental Factor ( ) Early Parenthood ( ) Personal Factor ( ) Early Employment ( ) Others please specify_______________ IV. What are the activities of Out- of- School Youth and Out- of- School Children? ( ) Working for a leaving ( ) Idling (Doing nothing) ( ) Sports/Games ( ) Fishing ( ) Household Chores ( ) Vending ( ) House help (Kasambahay) ( ) Others please specify______________ ( ) Farm Land V. What are the programs of the Barangay Government Unit to the Out-of-School Youth and Out- of-School children?
38 APPENDIX B
LETTER OF REQUEST FOR PERMISSION
January 18, 2012
CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator SLSU-Judge Guillermo Eleazar Tagkawayan, Quezon
THRU: VIRGILIO B. BUELVA, Ed.D. Director for Instruction This institution
Sir: The undersigned are third year students of Bachelor of Arts major in Public Administration of Southern Luzon State University Judge Guillermo Eleazar Tagkawayan, Quezon. In connection with our research paper writing, we would like to ask permission from your good office to please allow us to conduct a study regarding THE POPULATION AND STATUS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH AND OUT- OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN ALONG RAILROAD ZONE OF TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON A.Y. 2011 - 2012.
Hoping for your approval. Thank you very much. Respectfully yours, CINEZA, DAN HENRY S. EVANGELISTA, CAROLINE M. SIASA, JUVELYN A. Researchers
Noted: NEMIA C. PELAYO, Ph.D. Research Adviser
Recommending Approval: VIRGILIO B. BUELVA, Ed.D. Director for Instruction
Approved: CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator
39 APPENDIX C
LETTER OF REQUEST FOR ORAL EXAMINATION
Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILLERMO ELEAZAR Tagkawayan, Quezon
DR. IMELDA A. TANGALIN Chairman, BAPA This University
Madam:
It is our pleasure to inform you that we the undersigned Bachelor of Arts major in Public Administration students are now ready to defend our work entitled THE POPULATION AND STATUS OF OUT- OF- SCHOOL YOUTH AND OUT- OF- SCHOOL CHILDREN ALONG RAILROAD ZONE OF TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON A.Y. 2011 - 2012 as requirements for the subject Research 02.
In this connection, may we request your convenient time for an oral examination.
Very truly yours,
CINEZA, DAN HENRY S. EVANGELISTA, CAROLINE M. SIASA, JUVELYN A. Researchers
Noted:
NEMIA C. PELAYO, Ph.D. Research Adviser
Approved:
IMELDA A. TANGALIN, DPM/ Ph.D Chairman, College of Arts and Sciences
40 APPENDIX D
LETTER OF ENDORSEMENT
Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILLERMO ELEAZAR Tagkawayan, Quezon
DR. VIRGILIO B. BUELVA Director for Instruction SLSU-Judge Guillermo Eleazar Tagkawayan, Quezon
Sir: This is to certify that I read and received the final copy of the research paper entitled THE POPULATION AND STATUS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH AND OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN ALONG RAILROAD ZONE OF TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON A.Y. 2011 2012prepared and submitted by: Ceniza, Dan Henry S., Evangelista, Caroline M., Siasa, Juvelyn A., in partial fulfilment of the subject Research 02.
I am therefore recommending for its printing.
Very truly yours,
NEMIA C. PELAYO, Ph.D. Research Adviser
Recommending Approval:
IMELDA A. TANGALIN, DPM/Ph. D. Chairman, College of Arts and Sciences
Approved:
VIRGILIO B. BUELVA, Ed.D. Director for Instruction
41 APPENDIX E LETTER OF DESIGNATION Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILLERMO ELEAZAR Tagkawayan, Quezon
TO : DR.NEMIA C. PELAYO Professor
FROM : DR. IMELDA A. TANGALIN Chairman, College of Arts and Sciences
SUBJECT : DESIGNATION AS UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ADVISER
DATE : January 25, 2012
You are hereby assigned adviser of CINEZA, DAN HENRY S., EVANGELISTA, CAROLINE M., SIASA, JUVELYN A., for their thesis entitled THE POPULATION AND STATUS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH AND OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN ALONG RAILROAD ZONE OF TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON A.Y. 2011 2012 among other things, you are expected to perform the following functions as adviser. 1. Assume the responsibility to guide the development, preparation and completion of the thesis. 2. Direct and guide the students in carrying out the research in the strict observation of the research process and in the organization of the materials. 3. Formally endorse the advisee/s in the editing, typing and binding of the final copy. 4. Assist the advisee/s in the editing, typing and binding of the final copy. For your consideration and acceptance.
IMELDA A. TANGALIN, DPM/Ph.D. Chairman, College of Arts and Sciences
Noted:
CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator
Accepted:
NEMIA C. PELAYO, Ph.D. Designated Adviser 42 APPENDIX F
CERTIFICATION FROM THE EDITOR Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILLERMO ELEAZAR Tagkawayan, Quezon
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the research paper entitled THE POPULATION AND STATUS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH AND OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN ALONG RAILROAD ZONE OF TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON A.Y. 2011 2012, prepared and submitted by Ceniza, Dan Henry S., Evangelista, Caroline M., Siasa, Juvelyn A., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts major in Public Administration has been edited by me.
I am therefore recommending for its approval.
RIZALINA C. LOPEZ, MAED Editor
43 Appendix G CERTIFICATION FROM THE STATISTICIAN Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILLERMO ELEAZAR Tagkawayan, Quezon
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the research paper entitled THE POPULATION AND STATUS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH AND OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN ALONG RAILROAD ZONE OF TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON A.Y. 2011 2012, prepared and submitted by Ceniza, Dan Henry S., Evangelista, Caroline M., Siasa, Juvelyn A., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts major in Public Administration has been statistically treated by me.
I am therefore recommending for its approval.
NEMIA C. PELAYO, Ph.D. Statistician
44 APPENDIX H Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILLERMO ELEAZAR Tagkawayan, Quezon
RATING SHEETS FOR ORAL EXAMINATION
Criteria for Rating Research Paper
ORAL PRESENTATION and DEFENSE
Power Point Presentation 20% Oral Defense 20% Mastery 20% Content/Format 30% Team Format 10%
Title of Research Paper:
THE POPULATION AND STATUS OF OUT- OF- SCHOOL YOUTH AND OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN ALONG RAILROAD ZONE OF TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON A.Y. 2011 - 2012.
Proponent: Ceniza, Dan Henry S., Evangelista, Caroline M., Siasa, Juvelyn A., GradeRating Power Point Presentation ______ 98 100 1.00 Oral Defense ______ 95 97 1.25 Mastery ______ 92 94 1.50 Content/Format ______ 89 91 1.75 Team Effort ______ 86 88 2.00 Total ______ 83 85 2.25 80 82 2.50 77 79 2.75 74 76 3.00 Rater: ________________ . 45 APPENDIX I Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILERMO ELEAZAR Tagkawayan, Quezon
HON. ANTHONY N. SALAMAT Barangay Chairman Colong-Colong, Tagkawayan, Quezon
Sir: The undersigned BAPA students of SLSU-JGE Tagkawayan, Quezon would like to inform your good self that they are conducting their research entitled The Population and Status Of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children Along Railroad Zone of Tagkawayan, Quezon A.Y. 2011- 2012. Along this line, they would like to ask permission to allow them to gather data and information relevant to their study. Thank you very much in anticipation of your favorable action in their request.
Very truly yours, DAN HENRY S. CENIZA CAROLINE M. EVANGELISTA JUVELYN A. SIASA Researchers
Noted: CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator
46
APPENDIX J Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILERMO ELEAZAR TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON
HON. FERDINAND CLEMENTE Barangay Chairman Del Rosario, Tagkawayan, Quezon
Sir: The undersigned BAPA students of SLSU-JGE Tagkawayan, Quezon would like to inform your good self that they are conducting their research entitled The Population and Status Of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children Along Railroad Zone of Tagkawayan, Quezon A.Y. 2011- 2012. Along this line, they would like to ask permission to allow them to gather data and information relevant to their study. Thank you very much in anticipation of your favorable action in their request.
Very truly yours, DAN HENRY S. CENIZA CAROLINE M. EVANGELISTA JUVELYN A. SIASA Researchers
Noted: CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator
47 APPENDIX K
Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILERMO ELEAZAR TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON
Sir: The undersigned BAPA students of SLSU-JGE Tagkawayan, Quezon would like to inform your good self that they are conducting their research entitled The Population and Status Of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children Along Railroad Zone of Tagkawayan, Quezon A.Y. 2011-2012. Along this line, they would like to ask permission to allow them to gather data and information relevant to their study. Thank you very much in anticipation of your favorable action in their request.
Very truly yours, DAN HENRY S. CENIZA CAROLINE M. EVANGELISTA JUVELYN A. SIASA Researchers
Noted: CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator
48 APPENDIX L Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILERMO ELEAZAR TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON
Sir: The undersigned BAPA students of SLSU-JGE Tagkawayan, Quezon would like to inform your good self that they are conducting their research entitled The Population and Status Of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children Along Railroad Zone of Tagkawayan, Quezon A.Y. 2011- 2012. Along this line, they would like to ask permission to allow them to gather data and information relevant to their study. Thank you very much in anticipation of your favorable action in their request.
Very truly yours, DAN HENRY S. CENIZA CAROLINE M. EVANGELISTA JUVELYN A. SIASA Researchers
Noted: CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator
49 APPENDIX M
Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILERMO ELEAZAR TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON
Sir: The undersigned BAPA students of SLSU-JGE Tagkawayan, Quezon would like to inform your good self that they are conducting their research entitled The Population and Status Of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children Along Railroad Zone of Tagkawayan, Quezon A.Y. 2011- 2012. Along this line, they would like to ask permission to allow them to gather data and information relevant to their study. Thank you very much in anticipation of your favorable action in their request.
Very truly yours, DAN HENRY S. CENIZA CAROLINE M. EVANGELISTA JUVELYN A. SIASA Researchers
Noted: CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator
50 APPENDIX N
Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILERMO ELEAZAR TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON
Hon. CEZAR GUBAN Barangay Chairman Manato, Tagkawayan, Quezon
Sir: The undersigned BAPA students of SLSU-JGE Tagkawayan, Quezon would like to inform your good self that they are conducting their research entitled The Population and Status Of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children Along Railroad Zone of Tagkawayan, Quezon 2011- 2012. Along this line, they would like to ask permission to allow them to gather data and information relevant to their study. Thank you very much in anticipation of your favorable action in their request.
Very truly yours, DAN HENRY S. CENIZA CAROLINE M. EVANGELISTA JUVELYN A. SIASA Researchers
Noted: CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator
51 APPENDIX O
Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILERMO ELEAZAR TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON
Sir: The undersigned BAPA students of SLSU-JGE Tagkawayan, Quezon would like to inform your good self that they are conducting their research entitled The Population and Status Of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children Along Railroad Zone of Tagkawayan, Quezon A.Y. 2011- 2012. Along this line, they would like to ask permission to allow them to gather data and information relevant to their study. Thank you very much in anticipation of your favorable action in their request.
Very truly yours, DAN HENRY S. CENIZA CAROLINE M. EVANGELISTA JUVELYN A. SIASA Researchers
Noted: CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator
52
APPENDIX P
Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILERMO ELEAZAR TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON
HON. EDELBERTO HERNANDEZ Barangay Chairman San Roque, Tagkawayan, Quezon
Sir: The undersigned BAPA students of SLSU-JGE Tagkawayan, Quezon would like to inform your good self that they are conducting their research entitled The Population and Status Of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children Along Railroad Zone of Tagkawayan, Quezon A.Y. 2011- 2012. Along this line, they would like to ask permission to allow them to gather data and information relevant to their study. Thank you very much in anticipation of your favorable action in their request.
Very truly yours, DAN HENRY S. CENIZA CAROLINE M. EVANGELISTA JUVELYN A. SIASA Researchers
Noted: CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator
53 APPENDIX Q Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY JUDGE GUILERMO ELEAZAR TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON
Sir: The undersigned BAPA students of SLSU-JGE Tagkawayan, Quezon would like to inform your good self that they are conducting their research entitled The Population and Status of Out-of-School Youth and Out-of-School Children Along Railroad Zone of Tagkawayan, Quezon A.Y. 2011- 2012. Along this line, they would like to ask permission to allow them to gather data and information relevant to their study. Thank you very much in anticipation of your favorable action in their request.
Very truly yours, DAN HENRY S. CENIZA CAROLINE M. EVANGELISTA JUVELYN A. SIASA Researchers
Noted: CESAR L. NAZARENO College Administrator
CURRICULUM VITAE
55 CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name : Dan Henry S. Cineza Date of Birth : September 13, 1993 Place of Birth : Tagkawayan, Quezon Civil Status : Single Home Address : Brgy. Bamban,Tagkawayan, Quezon
Educational Background
Primary : Bamban Elementary School Tagkawayan, Quezon 2005 Secondary : Bamban National High School Tagkawayan, Quezon 2009 Tertiary : Southern Luzon State University Judge Guillermo Eleazar 2012
56 CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name : Caroline M. Evangelista Date of Birth : August 16, 1992 Place of Birth : Tagkawayan, Quezon Civil Status : Single Home Address : Brgy. Bamban Tagkawayan, Quezon
Educational Background
Primary : Bamban Elementary School Tagkawayan, Quezon 2005 Secondary : Bamban National High School Tagkawayan, Quezon 2009 Tertiary : Southern Luzon State University Judge Guillermo Eleazar 2012
57 CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name : Juvelyn A. Siasa Date of Birth : October 9, 1989 Place of Birth : Calauag Quezon Civil Status : Single Home Address : Brgy. Bukal Maligaya,Guinayangan, Quezon
Educational Background
Primary : Aloneros Elementary School Guinayangan, Quezon 2002 Secondary : Aloneros National High School Guinayangan, Quezon 2006 Tertiary : Southern Luzon State University Judge Guillermo Eleazar 2012