MAR2010 - Standard Series Data

Rod Sampson - School of Marine Science and Technology - 21st February 2008
...Open water propeller tests, Standard

series model propeller tests and Propeller
design diagrams...
Resistance & Propulsion (1)
MAR 2010
Open water propeller test
O/W tests performed with the propeller alone in
uniform ow to establish:
Basic thrust, torque and propeller efciency
Open water propeller test
Two facilities are commonly used to perform open
water tests:
Towing tank
Cavitation tunnel
Each facility has its own limitations
Open water test - propeller boat
Towing carriage
shaft bearing
clearances propeller boat
boss cap
Open water test - cavitation tunnel
Flow direction
shaft bearing
propeller
dynamometer
boss cap
Open water test - concept
ow direction
Full scale vessel
boss cap
ow direction
Undisturbed ow
boss cap
D
ow
not less than 1.5D
towing carriage Velocity
Lenticular shaped propeller boat mounted on the towing carriage
Boat advances through undisturbed ow
Velocity and shaft rpm are varied

drive motor dynamometer
PROFILE
PLAN
not less than 1.5D
measurements taken over a series of runs
Thrust & Torque are taken at varying J (n usually kept constant)
Velocity varied from zero speed ( J = 0) to higher values within

the limitation of the system ( J = 1.0)
note:
J = 1.0 is not an upper limit
Tests are performed usually until KT tends to zero
Open water test - results
J =
V
nD
C
T
=
T
V
2
D
2
Test results are presented in the earlier derived coefcients:
C
Q
=
Q
V
2
D
3
As CT and CQ 0 as V = 0
CT and CQ are replaced by Aeronautical coefcients
KT and KQ respectively
using:
V = n
2
D
2
C
T
=
T
V
2
D
2
K
T
=
T
n
2
D
4
C
Q
=
Q
V
2
D
3
K
Q
=
Q
n
2
D
5
0
=
P
T
P
D
=
TV
Q2n
0
=
J
2

K
T
K
Q
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.8
KT 10 KQ Eta_0
Advance coefcient
Basic Design - open water tests
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.8
KT 10 KQ Eta_0
Advance coefcient
Basic Design - open water tests
V
2rn
Thrust
Torque

Vr
V
2rn
Thrust
Torque
Vr
D
L
D
L
L
Small V ( J ) = Large T Large V ( J ) = Small T
Standard series Propeller model test
Tests form the basis for propeller design
Parameters that inuence the performance are
systematically varied in the parent design
Diameter (D)
Pitch (P)
Blade area ratio (BAR)
Number of blades (Z)
Blade shape
Blade thickness
Usually D is xed, P/D varied
BAR & Z are varied
Kept constant in line with good
modern design practice
Rod Sampson - School of Marine Science and Technology - 26th February 2008
Vary P/D
Vary Z
Vary BAR
Parent model P/D
BAR
Z
3,4,5,6 blades = 4 models
0.4 - 2.0 by 0.2 = 9 models
0.4 - 1.5 by 0.15 = 6 models
216 members
From the Parent model a series of 216
propeller models would be generated.
Each member requires testing in open water
conditions
The data from each test is combined into
design diagrams with varying P/D and xed
BAR & Z
P/D = 0.4 P/D = 0.8 P/D = 1.0 P/D = 0.6
Line of maximum efciency
K
T

P
/
D

=

1
.0
1
0

K
Q

P
/
D

=

1
.0
0
1
0
K
Q
P
/D
=
0
.4
K
T
P
/D
=
0
.4
Find optimum diameter to absorb:
a delivered power (kW)
a shaft rotation (N)
an advance speed (VA)
J
Using the above diagram design an propeller
(optimum diameter)to absorb:

Delivered Power Pd (kW)
Rotation N (rpm)
Advance speed J (kn)

First obtain:
n =
N
60
Q = 1000
P
D
2n
N.m
Then:
K
Q
=
Q
n
2
D
5
=
k
1
D
5
J =
V
A
nD
=
k
2
D
P/D = 0.4 P/D = 0.8 P/D = 1.0 P/D = 0.6
K
T

P
/
D

=

1
.0
1
0

K
Q

P
/
D

=

1
.0
0
1
0
K
Q
P
/D
=
0
.4
K
T
P
/D
=
0
.4
Plot 10KQ and J for varying D on the diagram
Intersect with line of maximum efciency ( )
0
P/D = 0.4 P/D = 0.8 P/D = 1.0 P/D = 0.6
K
T

P
/
D

=

1
.0
1
0

K
Q

P
/
D

=

1
.0
0
1
0
K
Q
P
/D
=
0
.4
K
T
P
/D
=
0
.4
Read off J, hence:
D
opt
=
k
2
J
advance coefcient
Interpolate P/D
Given data required data
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Propeller Design Diagrams
The representation of systematic open water
diagrams may differ depending upon various design
options which can be listed as:
P
D
, N, V
A
P
D
, D, V
A
P
D
, V
A
T, N, V
A
T, D, V
A
T, V
A
D
opt
N
opt
N
opt
, D
opt
D
opt
N
opt
N
opt
, D
opt
From the previous options the most widely used
case is option 1 & 4.
Option 1 requires the delivered power and
rotation rate to be known at a specied advance
velocity
The unknown variable is the optimum propeller
diameter
Considering option 1:
The diameter can be eliminated from the systematic
open water diagrams by replacing the and J
terms as follows:
K
Q
K
Q
vs
1
J
P
D
, N, V
A
D
opt
K
Q
J
5
=
Q
N
2
D
5

1
V
a
nD
5
=
QN
3
V
5
a
Since:
P
D
= 2QN
K
Q
J
5
=
N
2
P
D
2V
5

NP
1
2
D
V
2.5
A
K
Q
J
5
=
QN
3
V
5
a
Let:
B
p
=
NP
1
2
D
V
2.5
A
and
=
1
J
=
ND
V
A
Considering option 4:
A similar analogy can be used by replacing the
standard KT versus J by:
K
T
J
4
=
T
N
2
D
4

1
V
a
nD
4
=
TN
2
V
4
a
Since PT = Va T ( PT = thrust power )
K
T
J
4
=
P
T
N
2
V
5
a
NP
1
2
T
V
5
a
= B
U
Let
B
U
=
NU
1
2
V
5
a
Where U = PT after useful power
(B
P
, B
U
& ) The above coefcients
are known as the D.W. Taylors propeller constants,
most standard series propeller design diagrams are
given using these constants.
B
P
=
NP
1
2
D
V
2.5
A
= 1.158
NP
1
2
D
V
2.5
A
B
U
=
NU
1
2
V
2.5
A
= 1.158
NU
1
2
V
2.5
A
=
ND
V
A
= 3.2808
ND
V
A
0
=
P
T
P
D
Typical diagram
B
P

Basic Design - BP delta diagrams
0(max)
Line of max.
efciency
B
P
Design
P
D
B
P
Basic Design - BP delta diagrams
0(max)
Line of max.
B
P Desig
P
D
B
P
Calculate BP
Enter diagram
Read off at max efciency line
B
P

opt.
D
opt.
= V
a
opt
N
read P/D
Existing standard propeller series
Several key systematic series exist, developed for
xed pitch, controllable pitch propellers, ducted
propellers, etc.
Froude
Schaffran
Taylor
Gawn
Wageningen
Gawn-Burrill (KCA Series)
KCn Series
One of the most extensive and widely used series
is the Wageningen B series.
Fixed pitch propeller
Merchant ship style design
Slow to medium speed operation
Wageningen B-Series
Modern sections Good performance 210 members
Wageningen B-Series Characteristics
Constant radial pitch distribution
Small skew
15 degrees of backward rake angle
blade contour with fairly wide tips
segmental tip blade sections and aerofoil inner

radial sections
B 4. 85
series type = B
blade number = 4
expanded area ratio = 0.85
Wageningen B Series analysed and presented as
polynomial equations
Allows computerisation of the design algorithm
K
T
=
47
n=1
C
n
(J)
sn
P
D
tn
A
e
A
o
un
(Z)
vn
K
Q
=
47
n=1
C
n
(J)
sn
P
D
tn
A
e
A
o
un
(Z)
vn

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Rod Sampson - School of Marine Science and Technology - 21st February 2008

...Open water propeller tests, Standard

Lenticular shaped propeller boat mounted on the towing carriage

Boat advances through undisturbed ow

Velocity and shaft rpm are varied

measurements taken over a series of runs

Thrust & Torque are taken at varying J (n usually kept constant)

Velocity varied from zero speed ( J = 0) to higher values within

Delivered Power Pd (kW)

Advance speed J (kn)

Constant radial pitch distribution

15 degrees of backward rake angle

blade contour with fairly wide tips

segmental tip blade sections and aerofoil inner

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