Study Guide: Honors Chemistry Unit I

Other things you need to know.

1. Look over the vocabulary on the back of the stamp sheet.
2. How to read about + critique a scientic e!periment.
". #he $% system of measurement and converting between units & nonsense unit
conversion.
'. $cientic notation & calculations with scientic notation.
(. How to tell the di)erence between elements* compounds* heterogeneous mi!* and
homogeneous mi!ture.
+. $tory problems relating to density and percent error.
,. -etermining signicant gures in measurements + sig gs in calculations.
.. %dentifying lab equipment & using it properly. /0ecording measurements properly*
knowing the proper use of basic equipment.1
Questions 1-2 relate to the study below.
A herbal medicine company claims they have developed a herbal tea that can cure the
common cold. Five people WITH a cold are given the tea, and fve people WITHOUT a
cold are given the tea. All members o the study are !atched !hile they drin" t!o #$%
m& portions o the tea a day. All members o the study are told to sleep eight hours a
day. Ater one !ee", 'O'( o the people in the study had a cold.
). *oes this study include a proper control+ 'o I so, describe it A proper control !ould
be a group o fve people !ho all have the common cold and !ho do not drin" the tea
over the !ee".
#. What is O'( !ay to improve this study+
One !ay to improve this e,periment is to introduce a proper control into the e,periment.
Signifant !igures " Sientif #otation
-. Write out the ollo!ing numbers correctly.
-..% , )%
/-
m %.%%-.% -.$% , )%
.
g -$%%%%
.. 0onvert the ollo!ing to scientifc notation.
. $$% %%% "m ..$$1)%2. %.%%-%%. g -.%%.1)%2/-
$. *etermine the number o sig fgs in the ollo!ing measurements.
%.%%.$ g # 3F -. $%%. m $ 3F 4%%5.%% mg 6 3F
6. 3olve the ollo!ing and round ans!ers properly. Ans!ers 7U3T have correct unit.
6-.#4 m 8 5.) m 9 5%.. m -#$ mg : %.#$ cm
-
9 )-%% mg:cm2-
)#$ g / #6.$% g 9 4;g <6-# cm=<%.$ cm= 9 -)6cm I3 THI3
3>UA?(*++++++++
5. A piece o lead !ith a mass "no!n to be e,actly -%.%% g is used to test an electric
balance. The lead is massed three times. The balance returns measurements o $%.%1g,
$%.%%g, and 2&.&&g. *iscuss these measurements in terms o 'reision and
auray.
++++++++
;. Ho! should the measurement o the blac" line be recorded+ ..%cm
(etri units and 'ref)es. Use metri units and"or 'ref)es to answer the
*ollowing +uestions.
4. Write the pref, that means @one thousandthA milli
)%. Write a !ord that means @one hundred gramsA hg
)). What is the relationship bet!een ) m& and ) cm
-+
)m& is eBual to ) cm2-
(etri on,ersions: -ou .I// #01 be gi,en stair diagram on test.
)#. ;.6 cm 9 ;.6%mm -$g 9 %.%-$"g
)-. The density o lead is "no!n to be )).-5 g:cm
-
. A student obtains a piece o lead. He
records the mass as .$.;4g. He fnds the volume to be ..#% cm
-
.
a. What should be this studentCs calculated density+
.$.;4g:..#% cm
-
9)%.4-g:cm
-
b. What is his percent error+
<)%.4-g:cm2-/ )).-5g:cm2-=: )).-5g:cm2-1)%%9/-.;5D

).. Eou fnd a nugget o !hat loo"s li"e gold in the orest. Eou place it in a
graduated cylinder !ith $%.% m& o !ater in it. The !ater rises to $$.6m&. The mass o
the nugget is -$.;4 g. Assuming you measured correctly, could the substance be gold+
<The density o gold is )4.) g:cm
-
=
$$.6m&/$%.%m&9$.6m&9 volume o nugget
-$.;4g:$.6m&96..g:m&
'o this nugget cannot be gold, because its density is 6..g:m& !hen it needs to be )4.)
g:cm2- to be gold.
)$. &ittle Fohnny fnds the density o a small piece o aluminum oil. &ittle Foey fnds the
density o a large aluminum cylinder. Who !ill calculate the larger density, i they
measure correctly+
Gecause they are both the same material, the densities o both Buantities o aluminum
should be eBual.
)6. For the ollo!ing, !rite chemical property <0H= intensive physical property <IHH= or
e,tensive physical property. <(HH=
green in color IHH ).% g:cm
-
density IHH
reacts !ith acid IHH $.$ m& volume (HH
)5. For the ollo!ing !rite chemical change <00= or physical change <H0=
producing !ire rom gold H0 e,ploding hydrogen 00
reeIing carbon dio,ide H0 !ater vapor to rain H0
2imensional 3nalysis: Show how one would on,ert the *ollowing:
);. . hrs 9 JJJJJJJJJsec.
. moles 9 JJJJJJJJJmolecules <) mole 9 6.%# , )%
#-
molecules=
)% & 9 JJJJJJJJJmoles <) mole 9 ##.. &=
#.$ yds 9 JJJJJJJJJin.
)4. Identiy the amilies on the periodic table or amily ), #, )5 and );. What are some
properties or each o these amilies+
#%. Identiy properties o metals, nonmetals, and transition metals.
#). Identiy the ollo!ing pieces o eBuipment and !hat they are used or in the
laboratory.