1358

GLOSSARY.
Shingles. (Germ. Schindel.) Loose st.ones sifted from gravel for making concrete. Also
the small slab of oak bark or split pieces of wood, used instead of tiles in former times,
and still usually so employed in the backwoods of America and other countries. They
are about eight to twelve inches long, and about four inches broad, thicker on one edge
than the other. The process of making a roof of this kind is called shingling.
Shoe. The inclined piece at the bottom of a rain -water pipe for turning the course of the
water, and discharging it from the wall of a building.
Shooting. Planing the edge of a board straight, and out of winding.
Shooting Boarus. Two boards joined together, with their sides lapped upon each other,
so as to form a rebate for making short joints.
Shore, or Shoar. (Sax.) A prop or oblique timber acting as a brace on the side of a
building, the upper end resting against that part of the wall upon which the floor is
supported, and both ends received by plates or beams. A dead shore is an upright
piece built up in a wall that has been cut or broken. through for the purpose of making
some alterations in the building. The terms
"
needle,"
"
tossle," "joggle," and
"
stud
"
are used among workmen to denote the piece of wood inserted in a wall above the head
of a raking shore. A "waling" is a piece of timber placed horizontally against the
side of a trench and strutted across it ; a
"
setting" is a rectangular frame holding all
four sides of an excavation.
"
Cleadings
"
used with
"
settings
"
strve the same pur-
pose as
"
poling boards'' in connection with walings.
Shoulder of a Tenon. The plane transverse to the length of a piece of timber from which
the tenon projects. It should be at right angles to the length, though it djes not
always lie in the plane as here defined, but sometimes in different planes.
Shouldering. In slating, a fillet of haired lime laid upon the upper edge of the smaller
and thicker kinds of slates, to raise tlicm and prevent their being open at the l.ap
;
it
also makes the joint weathertight. Sometimes the whole surface under the heads of
any sized slates is so done, to prevent the slates cracking when stepped on,
Sheead Head. The same as Jerkin Head.
Shreddings or Fuerings. In old bull lings, short slight pieces of timber fixed as bearers
below the roof, forming a straight line with the upper side of the rafters. Tilting fillet.
Shrine. (Sax. Scfiin.) A desk or cabinet ; a case or box, particularly one in which sacred
things are deposited : hence applied to a reliquary and to the tomb of a canonised per-
son. The altar is sometimes called a shrine.
Shrinking. The contraction of a piece of timber in its breadth by drjing. The length
does not change. Hence in unseasoned timber mitred together, such as the architraves
of doors and windows, the mitres are alwaj-s close on the outside and open to the door,
forming a wedge-like hollow on each side of the frame. Narrow boards called battens
are used in floors, as the shrinking, if any, is less.
Shutters. The framed boards which shut up the aperture of a window, or of a light.
Side Posts. Truss posts placed in pairs, disposed at the same distance from the middle
of the truss. Their use is not only to support the principal rafters, &c., but to suspend
the tie beam below In extt-nded roofs two or three pair of side posts are used.
Side Timbers or Side Wavers. The same as purlins, the first term being used in
Somersetshire and the last in Lincolnshire.
Silicate Cotton or Slag Wool. A pure mineral fibre made from blast furnace slag.
It is white and like spun glass. It is extremely light, a cube foot wiighs only from
16 to 18 lbs., and one ton covers about ISOO to 2,400 square feet one inch thick. It
is a good non-conductor of heat and sound.
Sill. See Cill and Aperture.
Silt. The muddy deposit of standing water.
SimA. See Cyma.
Similar Figures. Those whose several angles are respectively equal, and the sides about
the equal angles proportional.
Sine. A right line drawn from one end of an arch perpendicular upon the diameter, or it
is half the chord of twice the arch. The sine of the complement of an arch is the
sine of what the arch wants of ninety degrees. The versed sine is that part of the
diameter comprehended between the arc and the sine.
Single Feame, Single Joist, and Naked, Flooe. One with only one tier of joists.
Single Hung. An arrangement in a pair of window sashes, in which one only is movable.
Single Measuee. A term applied to a door that is square on both sides. Double
measure is when the door is moulded on both sides. When doors arc moulded on one
side, and are square on the other, they are accounted measure and a half.
Single Span Chuech. A church having a very wide nave. Such is the church of the
Dominicans at Ghent, 1240-75, with a nave of 53 feet between the piers slightly pro-
jecting from the wall, covered by a wooden vaulting on curves of 60 feet radius. (See
par. 557.) The reader is referred to the Z?t7(/c)- journal, for 1867, pp.
661, 687,
700
716, for many notices of such structures.