GLOSSARY.

1353
RtrssiAN Ahchitecture. The ancient buildings are designed after the Byzantine school
of art ; the modern ones after the German, French, and Italian masters.
EtJSSiAN Cross of the Greek Chnrch. See Cross.
Rustic Order. A species of work where the faces of the stones are hatched or picked
with the point of a hammer.
Rustic Quoins or Coins. The stones placed on the external angles of a building project-
ing beyond the naked of the wall. The edges are bevelled, or more or less moulded, or
the margins recessed in a plane parallel to the face or plane of the wall.
Rustic Work. A mode of building masonry wherein the faces of the stones are left
roiigh, the sides only being wrought smooth where the union of the stones takes place.
It was a method much practised at an early period, and re-introduced by Brunelleschi
at the revival of the arts. The most common sorts of rustic work are the frosted, which
has the margins of the stones reduced to a plane parallel to that of the wall, the
intermediate parts having an irregular surftice ;
vermiciilated rustic work, wherein the
intermediate parts present the appearance of having been worm-eaten; chamfered
rustic work, in which the face of the stones being smoothed and made parallel to the
surface of the wall, and fhe angles bevelled to an angle of one hundred and thirty-five
degrees, with the face of the stone, where they are set iu the wall, the bevel of the two
adjacent stones forms an internal right angle.
Rybat. The Scottish term for a Heteal.
S
Sacellum. (Lat.) In ancient Roman architecture, a small inclosed space without a roof.
Small sacella, too, were used among the .Egyptians, attached frequently to the larger
temples. In old church architecture, the term signifies a monumental chapel within a
church, also a small chapel in a village.
Sacrarium. (Lat.) A small sacred apartment in a Roman house, devoted to a particular
deity ;
also the cella, penctrale or adytum of a temple. The name is now given to the
place in a chancel enclosed by the altar rail^: also called "Sanctuary."
Sacristy. A vestry attached to a church, in which the vestments, plate, and other
furniture used in divine worship are kept. It was anciently called Diaconicum.
Saddle. A thin board of wood, placed on the floor iu the opening of a doorway, the
width of the jambs. The door being made to shut upon this piece of wood passes clear
over the carpet, and does not therefore require rising hinges, used for achieving the
same object.
Saddle-backed Coping. See Coping.
Saddle-back Roof. A tower having a top in the form of a common roof-gable. This
form appears on a few old English towers (as at Brookthorpe Church, Northampton-
shire, cir. 1260),
and in many Continental churches.
Sag or Sagging. The bending of a body by its own weight when resting inclined or
horizontally on its ends.
Sagitta. (Lat. an arrow.) A name sometimes applied to the keyotone of an arch. In
geometry, it is often employed to signify the abscissa of a curve
;
and in triffonometry
it is the versed sine of an arc, which, as it were, stands like a dart upon the chord.
Sail ovee. See Projecture.
Saint. See Symbols of Saints.
Sallant. (Fr.) A term used in respect of a projection of any part or member.
Sally. A projecture. The end of a piece of timber cut with an interior angle formed
by two planes across the fibres. Thus the feet of common rafters, and the inclined
pieces which support the flying steps of a wooden stair, are frequently cut; as are, like-
wise the lower ends of all inclined timbers which rest upon plates or beams.
Salon or Saloon. (Fr.) A lofty and spacious apartment, frequently vaulted at top,
and'usually
comprehending the height of two floors with two tiers of windows. Its
place is commonly in the middle of a building, when it is sometimes lit from the top
;
or at the head of a gallery, etc. In palaces it is the state room.
Sanatary
measures.
Precautions taken for curing diseases.
Sancte-bell
Cot. A small erection at the east end of the nave for the reception of tho
bell that gives notice of the Sanctiis being commenced, and also to warn tlio people of
the
approaching elevation of the Host.
Sanctuary.
The extreme eastern part of the chancel, containing the communion table,
seats for the clergy, &c. See Sacrarium.
Sanitory
measures.
Precautions
taken for preserving the health.
Sand
There are three sorts, river, sea, and pit sand. They are mixed with lime and
cement in varying
proportions.
When they can be only procured mixed with earthy and
clayey
particles, they must be repeatedly washed until the sand becomes bright in
colour and feels gritty under the
fingers. Sea sand must be very well washed iu fresh