SUMMARY

OFDM TECHNIQUE


MULTI CARRIER MODULATION
Multicarrier modulation can be implemantation for wireless communication sistem
and basic of OFDM and vector coding technique, for example Military HF communication
system. This modulation have high efficiently if implemented for digitally comunication
sistem because can decresed ISI caused by frequncy-selective fading. Process of modulation
is devide the transmitted bitstream into many different substreams and send the over many
different subchannels. Typically the subchannel are orthogonal under ideal propagation
conditions. Two technical use basic of multicarrier modulation have been same premise of
breaking wideband into multiple parallel narrowband channel are means orthogonaity
channel partition. Single-carrier modulation addition equalizer have same performance
multicarrier modulation addition channel coding, frequency- domain interleaving and
wighted maximum-likelihood decoding for mobile radio communication system.

DATA TRANSMITION USING MULTIPLE CARRIER
Consider a linearly-modulated system with data rate R and passband bandwidth B
where the coherence bandwidth for the channel is assumed to be

, so the signal
experiences frequency-selective fading. In wideband system can decresed ISI with

into N linier-modulated subsystems in parallel. This can also be seen in the time domain:
the symbol time

of the modulated signal in each subchannel is proportional to the

subchannel bandwidth

. So

implies that

, where Tm
denotes the delay spread of the channel. Thus, if N is sufficiently large, the symbol time is
much bigger than the delay spread, so each subchannel experiences little ISI degradation.
Transmittion system assumed use rised cosined system for send symbols and
time symbol

, so we can get transmittion equation as below:

Where bandwidth non overlapping subchannel as:

Figure.1 Transmittion block diagram.


Figure.2 Receiver bloc diagram.



MULTICARRIER MODULATIN with OVERLAPPING SUBCHANNEL
We can improve on the spectral efficiency of multicarrier modulation by
overlapping the subchannels. Moreover, it is easily shown that no set of subcarriers with a
smaller frequency separation forms an orthogonal set on [0,

] for arbitrary subcarrier phase

offsets. This implies that the minimum frequency separation required for subcarriers to
remain orthogonal over the symbol interval [0,

] is

. Given this orthonormal basis set,

even if the subchannels overlap, the modulated signals transmitted in each subchannel can be
separated out in the receiver. Consider a multicarrier system where each subchannel is
modulated using raised cosine pulse shapes with rolloff factor . The passband bandwidth of
each subchannel is then

. Excess bandwidth due to time windowing will

increase the subcarrier bandwidth by an additional

, so the equation bandwith

overlapping such as below.

OFDM (ORTOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Divition Multiplexing) is implementation from
multicarrier modulation with overlapping system. The processing of OFDM transmittion
can show figure 3 where The input data stream is modulated by a QAM modulator, resulting
a complex symbol stream are x(0), x(1), ..., x(N-1). This symbol stream is passed through a
serial-to-parallel converter, whose output is a set of N parallelQAM symbols are x(0), x(1),
..., x(N-1). Thus, the symbols output from the serial-to-parallel converter are the discrete
frequency components of the OFDM and additon cyclic prefix, guard interval for trade off
ISI on long distance propagation, so resulting modulator output s(t).



The processing of OFDM received can show figure 4 where input system are
transmitted signal is filtered by the channel impulse response h(t) and corrupted by additive
noise, sothat the received signal is s(t) = x(t) h(t) + n(t). This signal is downconverted to
baseband and filtered to remove the high frequency components. The A/D converter samples
the resulting signal to obtain r[n] =x[n] h[n] + [n], n N 1. The prefix of r[n]
consisting of the first samples is then removed. These time samples are serial-to-parallel
converted and passed through an FFT. This results in scaled versions of the original symbols.


Figure 3. Transmittion with OFDM diagram block.


Figure.4 Receiver with OFDM diagram block.


Figure.5 Spectrum OFDM in frequency domain.