1246

GLOSSARY.
lectern, where the church is small, may well be placed ia the chancel
;
but where the
church is intended for a large
congregation, and the choir must have ample room, then
the lessons had best be read at the extreme end of the nave; thus^the Litany desk in
the middle and the pulpit on the other side, as suggested by Mr. Beiesford Hope vl
Brighton, in 1874, most of whose remarks are used by us herein; and -who advo-
cated the construction of a triforium where it was essentially necessary to have
galleries. The experiment of such an arrangement has been tried in a new Roman
Catholic church at Amsterdam, with, he said, a telling effect ;
and one has be- n
adopted in the memorial church at Cawnpore. In such a case the table must be well
raised, and the chancel screen just so high that those below may be under its tracery,
and those aloft, above it.
Complaints are often made as to
"
the difficulty of seeing and hearing in some of
our new churches." Exeter Hall has been greatly improved by substituting a gently
curved wooden ceiling for the original ceiling intersected by wide spaces; and "one
of the best churches for facility of hearing is that of St. Pancras in Eustun Square,
which accommodates 2,500
persons; it has a flat ceiling, and no massive arehes and
columns to intercept the S)T:nd, which travels freely round the walls of the spacious
building." Mr. Spurgeon's Tabernacle at Newington, is also praised.
The subject of Church arrangement during the mediaeval period has been elucidated
by Mr. W. H. Dykes, architect, in a paper read before the Yorkshire Architettuial
Society, in 1852
;
and the Rev. M. E. C. Walcott, On Church and Conveniual Arrange-
ment, 1861, 8vo., describes the conventual plans adopted by the various religious orders.
CiEOEiiM. {Kifioipiov.) An insulated erection open on each side with arches, and having
a dome of ogee form, like tlie bowl of a reversed cup, carried or supported by four
columns, the whole covering the altar. In later times the name was transferred to a
tabernacle, coffer, or cise, in which the host was deposited
;
whence the covering was
thence called uri.braeidiim or haldacchino. Ihe earliest known instance of a ciborium
appears to have been one iu the church of St. George at Thessalonica, and supposed to
Lave been in use about A.n. 325. It is also the name for the A'cs-sel in which the bread
is placed at the Communion, instead of on a paten when many persons are present at it.
Cilery. The drapery or fuliage carved on the heads of columns.
CiLL. (Sax. Cill.) The timber or stone at I he foot of a door, &c. Grounrl ciUs ato \\\e
timbers on the ground which support the pests uud sujierstructure of a timber building.
The term also applies to the bottom piece which supports quarter partitious.
CiMuiA. A fillet string, list, or cornice.
Ci.\iELiAECH. The apartment in old churches where the phite and vestments were deposited.
Cincture. The ring, list, or fillet at the top and bottom of a column, which divides the
shaft of the column fr( m its capital and base.
Cixque-Cento Architecture. Literally 500, but used as a contraction for 1500, the
century in which tlie revival of ancient architecture took place in Italy. The term is
applied to distinguish the style of arcliitecture which then arose in that country. In
Irance the style as introduced there is called Style Frangois pn micr, and Renainance;
and iu Englaud the Revival, and Elizabethan.
CiiNQUEFOiL. An ornament used in the Pointed ttyle of architecture; it consists of Aa-s
cuspidated divisions or curved pendents in-'cribed in a pointid arch, or in a circular
ring applied to windows and panels. The cinquefoil, when ins-cribed in a circle, forms
a rosette of five equal leaves having an open space in the middle, the leaves being
formed by the open spaces, and not by the .solids or cusps.
Cippis. A small low column, sometimes without a base or capital, and most frequently
bearing an inscription. Among the ancients the cippus was used for various jurposes
;
when placed on a road it indicated tl.e distance of places
;
on other occasions cijypi
were employed as memorials of remarkable events, as landmarks, and fur bearing
sepulchral epitaphs.
CiRCLB. (Lat. Circulus.) A figure contained under one line called the circumference,
to which all lines drawn from a certain point within it, called the centre, are equal.
It is the most capacious of all plain figures.
Circle.
The name given to one of the megalithic remains, as at StoneheDge, Avebury,
and other places.
Circular
Buildings. Such as are built on a circular plan. "When the interior also is
circular, the building is called a rotunda.
Circular-Circular, or Cylindro-cylindric Work. A term applied to any work which
is formed by the intersection of two cylinders whose axes are not in the same
direction.
Q he line formed by the intersection of the surfaces is termed, by mathematicians, a line
of
double cnrvainre.
Circular Winding Stairs. Such as have a cylindric case or walled enclosure, with the
planes of the risers of the steps ending towards the axis of the cylinder.
Circular Work. A term applied any work witli cylindric faces, as roofs, &c.
CiRCUMiEEENCE. Thc bouudary lino of a circular body.