Adding and Subtracting

Polynomials
494 Chapter 9 Polynomials and Factoring
Lesson 2-4
Simplify each expression.
1. 6t + 13t 19t 2. 5g + 34g 39g 3. 7k - 15k 8k
4. 2b - 6 + 9b 11b 6 5. 4n
2
- 7n
2
3n
2
6. 8x
2
- x
2
7x
2
New Vocabulary

monomial

degree of a monomial

polynomial

standard form of a polynomial

degree of a polynomial

binomial

trinomial
What Youll Learn
To describe polynomials
To add and subtract
polynomials
. . . And Why
To combine and simplify
polynomials, as in Example 4
Part 1 Describing Polynomials
A is an expression that is a number, a variable, or a product of a
number and one or more variables. Each of the following is a monomial.
12 y -5x
2
y
c
3
monomial
9-1 9-1
1
1
Describing Polynomials
Activity: Using Polynomials
Business Suppose you work at a pet store. The spreadsheet below shows
the details of several customers orders.
The following variables represent the number of each item ordered.
s = bags of birdseed m = bags of millet
c = packages of cuttlebone g = packages of gravel paper
p = packages of perches
1. Which expression represents the cost of Casics order? B
A. 27.99(s + m) B. 3.99s + 24m C. 27.99sm
2. Write expressions to represent each of the other customers orders.
3. Martino buys 10 bags of birdseed, 4 packages of gravel paper, and
2 packages of perches. What is the total cost of his order? $52.84
A
Customer
Davis
Brooks
Casic
Martino
B
Seed

C
Cuttlebone

D
Millet

E
G. Paper

F
Perches

1
2
3
4
5
2. Davis: 24m
Brooks: 3.99s 2c
Martino:
3.99s 2.29g 1.89p
See left.
Rocky's Friends
Bird Supplies
bird seed (5 lb)
cuttlebone (2 ct)
spray millet (5 lb)
gravel paper (1 pkg)
perches (2 ct)
$3.99
$2.00
$24.00
$2.29
$1.89
Check Skills Youll Need
GO
for Help
9-1 9-1
494
1. Plan
Objectives
1 To describe polynomials
2 To add and subtract
polynomials
Examples
1 Degree of a Monomial
2 Classifying Polynomials
3 Adding Polynomials
4 Subtracting Polynomials
Math Background
A polynomial is made up of terms,
which are algebraic expressions
combined by addition or
subtraction. In a polynomial,
there are no expressions that
involve dividing by the variable or
taking any root of a variable.
More Math Background: p. 492C
Lesson Planning and
Resources
See p. 492E for a list of the
resources that support this lesson.
Bell Ringer Practice
Check Skills Youll Need
For intervention, direct students to:
The Distributive Property
Lesson 2-4: Example 5
Extra Skills and Word
Problem Practice, Ch. 2
PowerPoint
Special Needs
Display the activity. Have students write the
expression for Brooks order. 3.99s 2c. Ask for
student volunteers to point out how they picked up
the data and built the expression.
Below Level
Show students that is a monomial because it can be
rewritten as . However, since = , it does
not fit the definition of a monomial.
c ?
1
x
c
x
c ?
1
3
c
3
L2 L1
learning style: visual learning style: verbal
Lesson 9-1 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials 495
The fraction is a monomial, but the expression is not a monomial because there
is a variable in the denominator.
The is the sum of the exponents of its variables. For a
nonzero constant, the degree is 0. Zero has no degree.
Degree of a Monomial
Find the degree of each monomial.
a. Degree: 1 x = x
1
. The exponent is 1.
b. 7x
2
y
3
Degree: 5 The exponents are 2 and 3. Their sum is 5.
c. -4 Degree: 0 The degree of a nonzero constant is 0.
Critical Thinking What is the degree of 9x
0
? Explain.
A is a monomial or the sum or difference of two or more monomials.
3x
4
+ 5x
2
- 7x + 1
c c c c
degree S 4 2 1 0
The polynomial shown above is in standard form.
means that the degrees of its monomial terms decrease from left to right. The
in one variable is the same as the degree of the
monomial with the greatest exponent. The degree of 3x
4
+ 5x
2
- 7x + 1 is 4.
After you simplify a polynomial by combining like terms, you can name the
polynomial based on its degree or the number of monomials it contains.
Classifying Polynomials
Write each polynomial in standard form. Then name each polynomial based on its
degree and the number of its terms.
a. 5 - 2x b. 3x
4
- 4 + 2x
2
+ 5x
4
-2x + 5 Place terms in order. 3x
4
+ 5x
4
+ 2x
2
- 4 Place terms in order.
linear binomial 8x
4
+ 2x
2
- 4 Combine like terms.
fourth degree trinomial
Write each polynomial in standard form. Then name each polynomial based on its
degree and the number of its terms. See left.
a. 6x
2
+ 7 - 9x
4
b. 3y - 4 - y
3
c. 8 + 7v - 11v
2 2 Quick Check
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
2 2
7x 4
3x
2
2x 1
4x
3
9x
4
11x
5
1
2
3
4
0
2
3
1
2
1
linear
quadratic
cubic
fourth degree
constant
binomial
trinomial
monomial
binomial
monomial
Polynomial Degree
Name Using
Degree
Number
of Terms
Name Using
Number of Terms
degree of a polynomial
Standard form of a polynomial
polynomial
1 1 Quick Check
2
3

2
3

2
3
x
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
1 1
degree of a monomial
c
x
c
3

0; the degree of a nonzero constant is 0.
2a. 9x
4
6x
2
7;
fourth degree
trinomial
b. y
3
3y 4;
cubic trinomial
c. 4v 8;
linear binomial
The prex mono means
one.
Vocabulary Tip
495
2. Teach
Guided Instruction
Activity
Diversity
Ask knowledgeable students to
describe the purpose of the bird
supplies.
Math Tip
Explain to students that it is
reasonable that the degree of -4
is 0 because -4 can be written as
-4x
0
, for x 2 0.
Tactile Learners
Have each student write a
polynomial similar to one shown
in the table above Example 2.
Redistribute the papers. Direct
students to move, using
instructions such as: All linear
binomials go to the front of the
room. All cubic monomials go to
the windows. Use different
combinations of polynomial
names until all students have
moved to an area of the room.
Have students check with each
other to make sure they are in the
correct locations.
Additional Examples
Find the degree of each
monomial.
a. 18 0 b. 3xy
3
4 c. 6c 1
Write each polynomial in
standard form. Then name each
polynomial based on its degree
and the number of its terms.
a. -2 + 7x 7x 2; linear
binomial
b. 3x
5
- 2 - 2x
5
+ 7x
x
5
7x 2; fifth degree
trinomial
2 2
1 1
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
2 2
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
1 1
Advanced Learners
Have students simplify
- .
English Language Learners ELL
Ask: What numbers do the first syllables of each of
the terms monomial, binomial, and trinomial make
you think of? 1, 2, 3 What does poly mean on the
front of a word? many Stress that this number refers
to the number of terms in an expression.
5
14
x
2
1
1
6
x 2
21
5
1
7
x
2
1
1
2
x 2
1
5
1
2
x
2
1
2
3
x 2 5
L4
learning style: verbal learning style: verbal
PowerPoint
496 Chapter 9 Polynomials and Factoring
Part 2 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
You can add polynomials by adding like terms.
Adding Polynomials
Simplify 4x
2
+ 6x + 7 + 2x
2
- 9x + 1 .
Method 1 Add vertically.
Line up like terms. Then add the coefcients.
4x
2
+ 6x + 7
6x
2
- 3x + 8
Method 2 Add horizontally.
Group like terms. Then add the coefcients.
4x
2
+ 6x + 7 + 2x
2
- 9x + 1 = 4x
2
+ 2x
2
+ (6x - 9x) + (7 + 1)
= 6x
2
- 3x + 8
Simplify each sum. 20m
2
9
a. 12m
2
+ 4 + 8m
2
+ 5 b. t
2
- 6 + 3t
2
+ 11 4t
2
5
c. 9w
3
+ 8w
2
+ 7w
3
+ 4 d. 2p
3
+ 6p
2
+ 10p + 9p
3
+ 11p
2
+ 3p
In Chapter 1, you learned that subtraction means to add the opposite. So when
you subtract a polynomial, change each of the terms to its opposite. Then add
the coefcients.
Subtracting Polynomials
Simplify 2x
3
+ 5x
2
- 3x - x
3
- 8x
2
+ 11 .
Method 1 Subtract vertically.
2x
3
+ 5x
2
- 3x Line up like terms.
2x
3
+ 5x
2
- 3x Then add the opposite of each term in the polynomial
being subtracted.
x
3
+ 13x
2
- 3x1- 11
Method 2 Subtract horizontally.
2x
3
+ 5x
2
- 3x - x
3
- 8x
2
+ 11
= 2x
3
+ 5x
2
- 3x - x
3
+ 8x
2
- 11
Write the opposite of each term in the
polynomial being subtracted.
= 2x
3
- x
3
+ 5x
2
+ 8x
2
- 3x - 11 Group like terms.
= x
3
+ 13x
2
- 3x - 11 Simplify.
Simplify each difference. ab. See left.
a. v
3
+ 6v
2
- v - 9v
3
- 7v
2
+ 3v b. 30d
3
- 29d
2
- 3d - 2d
3
+ d
2
c. 4x
2
+ 5x + 1 - 6x
2
+ x + 8 2x
2
4x 7 B A B A
B A B A B A B A
4 4 Quick Check
B A B A
B A B A
2x
3
1 8x
2


2 11
2 Ax
3
2

8x
2


1 11B
B A B A
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
4 4
B A B A B A B A
B A B A B A B A
3 3 Quick Check
B A B A B A
1 2x
2
2 9x 1 1
B A B A
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
3 3
1
2
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
16w
3
8w
2
4
4a. 8v
3
13v
2
4v
b. 28d
3
30d
2
3d
11p
3
17p
2
13p
For: Polynomial Addition Activity
Use: Interactive Textbook, 9-1
496
Alternative Method
Use tiles to demonstrate adding
polynomials. Have students model
each polynomial. Group like tiles
together. Remove zero pairs. Then
write an expression for the
remaining tiles. Remind students
that red tiles represent negative
amounts.
Error Prevention
Remind students to distribute the
negative sign to all terms in the
second parentheses. You may
want to encourage students to
mark the terms, such as by circling
the whole parentheses, as a
reminder.
Additional Examples
Simplify
(6x
2
+ 3x + 7) + (2x
2
- 6x - 4).
8x
2
3x 3
Simplify
(2x
3
+ 4x
2
- 6) - (5x
3
+ 2x - 2).
3x
3
4x
2
2x 4
Resources
Daily Notetaking Guide 9-1
Daily Notetaking Guide 9-1
Adapted Instruction
Closure
Say the name of a polynomial
using its degree and number of
terms. Instruct students to write a
polynomial to match the name.
Repeat for different types of
polynomials. Let students choose
two of the polynomials to both
add and subtract.
L1
L3
4 4
3 3
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
4 4
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
3 3
pages 497499 Exercises
15. 3x
2
4x;
quadratic binomial
16. 4x 9;
linear binomial
17. c
2
4c 2;
quadratic trinomial
18. 2z
2
5z 5;
quadratic trinomial
19. 15y
8
7y
3
y;
eighth degree trinomial
PowerPoint
Practice and Problem Solving
Find the degree of each monomial.
1. 4x 1 2. 7c
3
3 3. -16 0 4. 6y
2
w
8
10
5. 8ab
3
4 6. 6 0 7. -9x
4
4 8. 11 0
Name each expression based on its degree and number of terms. 911. See left.
9. 5x
2
-2x +3 10. z +5 11. 7a
3
+4a -12
12. + 5 13. -15 14. w
2
+ 2
Write each polynomial in standard form. Then name each polynomial based on its
degree and number of terms. 1520. See margin p. 496.
15. 4x - 3x
2
16. 4x + 9 17. c
2
- 2 + 4c
18. 9z
2
-11z
2
+ 5z - 5 19. y - 7y
3
+ 15y
8
20. -10 + 4q
4
- 8q + 3q
2
Simplify each sum. 2527. See margin.
21. 5m
2
+ 9 8m
2
15 22. 3k - 8 10k 4 23. w
2
+ w - 4
24. 8x
2
+ 1 + 12x
2
+ 6 20x
2
7 25. g
4
+ 4g + 9g
4
+ 7g
26. a
2
+ a + 1 + 5a
2
- 8a + 20 27. 7y
3
- 3y
2
+ 4y + 8y
4
+ 3y
2
Simplify each difference. 2832. See margin.
28. 6c - 5 29. 2b + 6 30. 7h
2
+ 4h - 8
31. 17n
4
+ 2n
3
- 10n
4
+ n
3
32. 24x
5
+ 12x - 9x
5
+ 11x
33. 6w
2
- 3w + 1 - w
2
+ w - 9 34. -5x
4
+ x
2
- x
3
+ 8x
2
- x
Simplify. Write each answer in standard form. 3538. See left.
35. 7y
2
- 3y + 4y + 8y
2
+ 3y
2
+ 4y 36. 2x
3
- 5x
2
- 1 - 8x
3
+ 3 - 8x
2
37. -7z
3
+ 3z - 1 - -6z
2
+ z + 4 38. 7a
3
- a + 3a
2
+ 8a
2
- 3a - 4
Geometry Find an expression for the perimeter of each gure.
39. 40.
41. Error Analysis Kwans work is shown below. What mistake did he make?
(5x
2
3x 1) (2x
2
4x 2) 5x
2
3x 1 2x
2
4x 2
5x
2
2x
2
3x

4x 1 2
3x
2
7x 1
5x 1
9x
17x 6
8x 2
5c 2
9c 10
B A B A B A B A
B A B A B A B A
Apply Your Skills B B
B A B A B A B A
B A B A B A B A
2 A3h
2
2 2h 1 10B
2(b 1 5) 2 (4c 1 9)
Example 4
(page 496)
B A B A B A B A
B A B A B A B A
1 7w
2
2 4w 1 8 1 7k 1 12 1 3m
2
1 6
Example 3
(page 496)
3
x
3
4

Example 2
(page 495)
Example 1
(page 495)
Practice and Problem Solving
For more exercises, see Extra Skill and Word Problem Practice.
EXERCISES
Practice by Example A A
Lesson 9-1 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials 497
not a polynomial constant monomial
5w
2
4w 10
35. 18y
2
5y
36. 6x
3
3x
2
4
37. 7z
3
6z
2
2z 5
38. 7a
3
11a
2
4a 4
5x
4
x
3
7x
2
x
28c 16 39x 7
quadratic binomial
9. quadratic trinomial
10. linear binomial
11. cubic trinomial
8w
2
3w 4
See margin.
GO
for
Help
GPS
497
20. 4q
4
3q
2
8q 10;
fourth degree polynomial
with 4 terms
25. 10g
4
11g
26. 6a
2
7a 21
27. 8y
4
7y
3
4y
28. 2c 14
29. b 1
30. 4h
2
6h 18
31. 7n
4
n
3
32. 15x
5
x
41. Kwan did not take the
opposite of each term in
the polynomial being
subtracted.
3. Practice
Assignment Guide
A B 1-20, 42, 51
A B 21-41, 43-50
C Challenge 52-55
Test Prep 56-62
Mixed Review 63-86
Homework Quick Check
To check students understanding
of key skills and concepts, go over
Exercises 12, 24, 36, 39, 42.
Error Prevention!
Exercises 1520 Many students
forget that the sign in front of a
term must move with the term.
Have students circle each term,
including the sign in front of the
term. Everything that is inside
each circle must move together.
Error Prevention!
Exercise 23 Some students may
use zero for the coefficient of w.
Remind them that w means 1w.
Exercises 49, 50 Tell students
these are multi-step problems in
which they must add the known
sides before subtracting from the
perimeter.
2
1
Guided Problem Solving GPS
Enrichment
Reteaching
Adapted Practice
Practice 9-1 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Write each polynomial in standard form. Then name each polynomial based
on its degree and number of terms.
1. 4y3 - 4y2 + 3 - y 2. x2 + x4 - 6 3. x + 2
4. 2m2 - 7m3 + 3m 5. 4 - x + 2x2 6. 7x3 + 2x2
7. n2 - 5n 8. 6 + 7x2 9. 3a2 + a3 - 4a + 3
10. 5 + 3x 11. 7 - 8a2 + 6a 12. 5x + 4 - x2
13. 2 + 4x2 - x3 14. 4x3 - 2x2 15. y2 - 7 - 3y
16. x - 6x2 - 3 17. v3 - v + 2v2 18. 8d + 3d2
Simplify. Write each answer in standard form.
19. (3x2 - 5x) - (x2 + 4x + 3) 20. (2x3 - 4x2 + 3) + (x3 - 3x2 + 1)
21. (3y3 - 11y + 3) - (5y3 + y2 + 2) 22. (3x2 + 2x3) - (3x2 + 7x - 1)
23. (2a3 + 3a2 + 7a) + (a3 + a2 - 2a) 24. (8y3 - y + 7) - (6y3 + 3y - 3)
25. (x2 - 6) + (5x2 + x - 3) 26. (5n2 - 7) - (2n2 + n - 3)
27. (5n3 + 2n2 + 2) - (n3 + 3n2 - 2) 28. (3y2 - 7y + 3) - (5y + 3 - 4y2)
29. (2x2 + 9x - 17) + (x2 - 6x - 3) 30. (3 - x3 - 5x2) + (x + 2x3 - 3)
31. (3x + x2 - x3) - (x3 + 2x2 + 5x) 32. (d2 + 8 - 5d) - (5d2 + d - 2d3 + 3)
33. (3x3 + 7x2) + (x2 - 2x3) 34. (6c2 + 5c - 3) - (3c2 + 8c)
35. (3y2 - 5y - 7) + (y2 - 6y + 7) 36. (3c2 - 8c + 4) - (7 + c2 - 8c)
37. (4x2 + 13x + 9) + (12x2 + x + 6) 38. (2x - 13x2 + 3) - (2x2 + 8x)
39. (7x - 4x2 + 11) + (7x2 + 5) 40. (4x + 7x3 - 9x2) + (3 - 2x2 - 5x)
41. (y3 + y2 - 2) + (y - 6y2) 42. (x2 - 8x - 3) - (x3 + 8x2 - 8)
43. (3x2 - 2x + 9) - (x2 - x + 7) 44. (2x2 - 6x + 3) - (2x + 4x2 + 2)
45. (2x2 - 2x3 - 7) + (9x2 + 2 + x) 46. (3a2 + a3 - 1) + (2a2 + 3a + 1)
47. (2x2 + 3 - x) - (2 + 2x2 - 5x) 48. (n4 - 2n - 1) + (5n - n4 + 5)
49. (x3 + 3x) - (x2 + 6 - 4x) 50. (7s2 + 4s + 2) + (3s + 2 - s2)
51. (6x2 - 3x + 9) - (x2 + 3x - 5) 52. (3x3 - x2 + 4) + (2x3 - 3x + 9)
53. (y3 + 3y - 1) - (y3 + 3y + 5) 54. (3 + 5x3 + 2x) - (x + 2x2 + 4x3)
55. (x2 + 15x + 13) + (3x2 - 15x + 7) 56. (7 - 8x2) + (x3 - x + 5)
57. (2x + 3) - (x - 4) + (x + 2) 58. (x2 + 4) - (x - 4) + (x2 - 2x)
Name Class Date

P
earso
n
E
d
u
catio
n
, In
c. A
ll rig
h
ts reserved
.
Practice
L3
L4
L2
L1
L3
42. a. Writing Write the denition of each word. Use a dictionary if necessary.
monogram binocular tricuspid polyglot
b. Open-Ended Find other words that begin with mono, bi, tri, or poly.
c. Do these prexes have meanings similar to those in mathematics? yes
Simplify. Write each answer in standard form. 4348. See margin.
43. (x
3
+3x) + (12x - x
4
) 44. (6g - 7g
8
) - (4g +2g
3
+11g
2
)
45. (2h
4
- 5h
9
) - (-8h
5
+h
10
) 46. (-4t
4
- 9t +6) +(13t + 5t
4
)
47. (8b - 6b
7
+ 3b
8
) + (2b
7
- 5b
9
) 48. (11 +k
3
- 6k
4
) - (k
2
- k
4
)
Geometry Find an expression for each missing length.
49. Perimeter = 25x + 8 50. Perimeter = 23a - 7
51. Critical Thinking Is it possible to write a binomial with degree 0? Explain.
52. a. Write the equations for line P and line Q.
Use slope-intercept form. a, cd. See left.
b. Use the expressions on the right side of each
equation to write a function for the vertical
distance D(x) between points on lines P and
Qwith the same x-value. D(x) 1.5x 4
c. For what value of x does D(x) equal zero?
d. Critical Thinking How does the x-value in
part (c) relate to the graph?
Simplify each expression.
53. (ab
2
+ba
3
) +(4a
3
b - ab
2
- 5ab) 54. (9pq
6
- 11p
4
q) - (-5pq
6
+p
4
q
4
)
55. Graduation You can model the number of men and women in the United
States who enrolled in college within a year of graduating from high school
with the linear equations shown below. Let t equal the year of enrollment, with
t = 0 corresponding to 1990. Let m(t) equal the number of men in thousands,
and let w(t) equal the number of women in thousands.
m(t) = 35.4t + 1146.8 men enrolled in college
w(t) = 21.6t + 1185.5 women enrolled in college
a. Add the expressions on the right side of each equation to model the total
number of recent high school graduates p(t) who enrolled in college between
1990 and 1998. p(t) 57t 2332.3
b. Use the equation you created in part (a) to nd the number of high school
graduates who enrolled in college in 1995. 2,617,300
c. Critical Thinking If you had subtracted the expressions on the right
side of each equation above, what information would the resulting
expression model?
O
y
4
x 2 4
2
1
6
6
2
P Q
Challenge C C
8a 9
6a 8
5x 2
4x
6x 8
5x 4
Connection Real-World
There were about 12 million
students enrolled in college in
1980, 13.8 million in 1990,
and 15 million in 2000.
498 Chapter 9 Polynomials and Factoring
5x 18
5a
3
b 5ab
the difference between the number of men and
the number of women enrolled in a college
p
4
q
4
11p
4
q 14pq
6
52a. y 2x 1;
y 0.5x 3
c. or 2
d. The lines intersect
at
x 2 .
2
3
2
3
8
3
No; both terms of a binomial cannot be constants.
9a 6
ab. See margin.
GO
nline
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Web Code: ate-0901
498
b. Answers may vary.
Sample: monopoly,
biathlon, tripod,
polychrome
43. x
4
x
3
15x
44. 7g
8
2g
3
11g
2
2g
45. h
10
5h
9
8h
5
2h
4
46. t
4
4t 6
47. 5b
9
3b
8
4b
7
8b
48. 5k
4
k
3
k
2
11
pages 497499 Exercises
42a. monogram: a design
composed of one or
more letters, typically
the initials of a name;
used as an identifying
mark
binocular: relating to,
used by, or involving
both eyes at the same
time
tricuspid: having three
cusps, usually said of a
molar tooth
polyglot: a person with a
speaking, reading, or
writing knowledge of
several languages
Lesson Quiz
Write each expression in standard
form. Then name each polynomial
by its degree and number of
terms.
1. -4 + 3x - 2x
2
2x
2
3x 4;
quadratic trinomial
2. 2b
2
- 4b
3
+ 6
4b
3
+ 2b
2
6;
cubic trinomial
3. (2x
4
+ 3x - 4) +
(-3x + 4 + x
4
) 3x
4
; fourth
degree monomial
4. (-3r + 4r
2
- 3) -
(4r
2
+ 6r - 2) 9r 1;
linear binomial
Alternative Assessment
Direct one student to state the
name of a polynomial. Instruct
another student to give an
example of the named
polynomial. Write the polynomial
on the board. Let another student
name a polynomial. Ask another
student to give an example of the
polynomial while you write it
next to the previous polynomial.
On their own pieces of paper,
have each student add the two
polynomials, write the new
polynomial in standard form, and
write its name. Repeat for
subtraction.
PowerPoint
4. Assess & Reteach
Standardized Test Prep
56. Which expression represents the sum of an odd integer n and the next
three odd integers? D
A. n + 6 B. n + 12 C. 4n + 6 D. 4n + 12
57. Simplify (8x
2
+ 3) + (7x
2
+ 10). G
F. x
2
- 7 G. 15x
2
+ 13 H. 15x
4
+ 13 J. 56x
4
+ 30
58. Which sum is equivalent to (11k
2
+ 3k + 1)? A
A. (4k
2
+ k - 5) + (7k
2
+ 2k + 6)
B. (k
2
- 2) + (11k
2
+ 3k + 3)
C. (8k
2
+ k) + (3k + 1)
D. (5k + 1) + (6k - 3)
59. How many terms does the following sum have when it is written in
standard form? (4x
9
- 3x
2
+ 10x - 4) + (4x
9
+ x
3
+ 2x) G
F. 7 G. 5 H. 3 J. 1
60. Simplify (x
3
+ x
2
+ 4x) - (x
2
- 5x + 6). C
A. 4x + 10 B. 4x
2
- 2x
C. x
3
+ 9x - 6 D. x
3
+ 2x
2
- x + 6
61. Write and simplify a polynomial
expression that represents the perimeter
of the rectangle. Show your work.
62. Simplify (9x
3
- 4x
2
+ 1) - (x
2
+ 2).
Show your work. See margin.
Identify the growth factor in each function.
63. y = 6 ? 2
x
2 64. y = 0.6 ? 1.4
x
1.4 65. y = 2 ? 5
x
5 66. y = 0.3 ? 5
x
5
Identify each function as exponential growth or exponential decay.
67. y = 10 ? 3
x
68. y = 1.8 ? 0.4
x
69. y = 0.3 ? 7
x
70. y = 0.3 ? 0.5
x
Simplify each expression. 7478. See left.
71. 7
8
? 7
10
7
18
72. 2
6
? 2
-7
73. (4x
2
)(9x
3
) 36x
5
74. (3ab)(a
2
b)
75. (-5t
2
)(6t
9
) 76. (-3)
6
? (-3)
4
77. (6h
2
)(-2h
8
) 78. (2q
5
)(5q
2
)
Write an equation for each translation of y x . 7982. See margin.
79. 5 units up 80. right 6 units 81. 12 units down 82. 7 units up
83. left 10 units 84. left 0.4 units 85. 5.2 units up 86. 2.3 units down
Lesson 6-8
1
2
Lesson 8-3
Lesson 8-8
Short Response
Multiple Choice
Mixed Review Mixed Review
Test Prep
Lesson 9-1 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials 499
6770. See
margin.
y 5 x 1 10 y 5 x 1 0.4 y 5 x 1 5.2 y 5 x 2 2.3
74. 3a
3
b
2
75.
76. (3)
2
77. 12h
10
78. 10q
7
230
t
7
61. [2] 2(3x 2) +
2(x + 2) = 6x 4 +
2x + 4 = 8x
[1] no work shown
GO
for
Help
x 2
3x 2
See left.
lesson quiz, PHSchool.com, Web Code: ata-0901
499
Test Prep
Resources
For additional practice with a
variety of test item formats:
Standardized Test Prep, p. 545
Test-Taking Strategies, p. 540
Test-Taking Strategies with
Transparencies
Exercise 56 Explain to students
that since they are finding the
sum of four terms, each
containing n, the result must
include 4n. Tell students to
always be careful when working
with integer problems. If the
problem has consecutive odd or
consecutive even integers, each
term increases by 2, not 1.
62. [2] (9x
3
4x
2
1) (x
2
2)
9x
3
4x
2
1 x
2
2
(9x
3
) (4x
2
x
2
) (1 2)
9x
3
5x
2
1
[1] one incorrect term OR no work
shown
67. exponential growth
68. exponential decay
69. exponential growth
70. exponential decay
79.
80.
81.
82. y 5 x 1 7
y 5 x 2 12
y 5 x 2 6
y 5 x 1 5