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ASSINGMENT
SOCIAL SCIENCE






SUBMITTED BY,
SUNITHA.S
REG NO: 13982032
SOCIAL SIENCE


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Topic : Spiral and topical approaches of Social
science curriculum

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INTRODUCTION
The word curriculum is derived from the hat in word currcr which means
it is the key of educational process. Curriculum is a board concept syllabus is the part
of curriculum.
According of Benjamin Franklin it would be well if they could be thought
everything that is useful and everything that is ornamental; but art is long and their
time is short. It is therefore proposed that they leaner those things that are likely to be
most useful and ornamental.
The department of curriculum is social students is complex and intricate
process. It present to educators lasks which are indeed challenging. The scope of the
subject is very fast. So whatever is to be taught must be carefully selected to help
students develop major ideas, skill, attitudes and habits conducive to good citizenship
education. As there is a limited period of time and even the very good students can
learn but a few things each day, the decision on what to each at different levels should
be made wisely and carefully.
These days the teachers are being associated is a big way in the task of
selection of the subject- matter as ultimately. It is they who have to teach it. It is
therefore important that every teacher under stands the principles for selecting the
content to be studied at various level.








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COLLECTION OF DATA
Organization of the subject-matter in social studies is essential in order to tech
it in an effective and coherent -matter. The different approaches for organizing the
subject-matter. The following approaches may be adopted for organizing the subject-
matter of social studies.
Spiral
Topical Approach


















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Spiral Approach
Spiral approach is continuous and in broken connect of subject-matter of
social science. Through the various stages of education. The spiral approaches is a
technique often used in teaching or textbooks where first basic factor of a subject
area. Learned without worrying about details. Then as learning progress more and
more details are introduced while at the same time they are related to the basic which
are reemphasized many times principles is somewhat similar to long team memory.
This principle is somewhat similar to the inverted pyramid method used in writing,
news, serious and the game.
A major theme in the theoretical frame work of Bruner is that learning is an
active process in which process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts
based upon their past knowledge. The leaner selects and transformation information
constrict hypothesis and make decision, relying on a cognitive structure to do so.
Cognitive structure ie. (Mental models, schema) provides meaning and organization
to experience and allow the individual to go beyond the information give.
Merits
To learners level of intellectual.
To give interest of student
Limitation
Not subject connection in among students.
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Spiral of cumulative learning through different stage
Topical Approach
Here certain topic of study suitable for the age, ability and interest of children
make up whole syllabus. Each topic in a way students by itself and all the topic are or
rather could be connected together by the teacher with the help of individual lessons
called link lessons. For the children of the age B+ and above the approach is quite
worthwhile.
According to the topical approach, the curriculum maker stakes particular
topic as the central theme of work in social studies at different level of instruction.
The nature of the topic vary in accordance with the age, ability and interest of the
children. In the primary classes, The child may start the study of the developments of
concentrate and familiar things such as food, clothing houses or means of transport. In
the middle classes. He may be introduces to more important and more difficult topic
like the history of institutions and of government and finally to the history of ideas.
The development of the topics thought history is traced; the topic supplies the central
from which subsidiary investigations can radiate as far as pupils time and intelligence
allow. Several events are logically and intelligently related.
It is believed that by a careful selection and detailed study of the topic,
opportunities can be provided to the students for an intensive study of a particular
problem. Instead of repeating the content a number of times as is done in concentrate
approach, we can discuss all the aspects of a problem and give an overall view of that
particular problem.
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Materials of Topical Approach
I. The method provided a solution for dealing with last material is a logical and
rational fashion. It help the pupils to understand the facts in their
developmental setting. This is perhaps the only approach by which, without
grossly overloading the syllabus, social studies could be studied through
considerable stretches of lines establishing at least a foothold is ancient
culture, while at the same maintaining a connection with them here and now.
II. The topical approach can be adapted according to the age ability and aptitude
of the children. This flexibility is of special significance when we thinks of
projects on topic pertaining to transport and communication, scripts trade,
money etc.
III. The study of social studies through this approach imparts sense of propose of
the pupils. They are clear about what they are studying.
IV. The topical approach enables the teacher for control the subject-matter and
adapt it to varying needs of the children. A definite problem is before the
pupils and the consequent study shows an intelligible objective understanding
the problem in all its facts.
Indian culture is a best example of topical approach.











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CONCLUSION
Two approach may be adopted for organizing the subject matter of social
studies. Spiral approach should provide for continuing learning. Topical approach
is an broad. The approaches one more importance in social science curriculum.



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REFERENCE
The teaching of social studies-S.K.Kochhar