CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF ORGANISATION
INTRODUCTION
Formation of the organisation
The Central Statistical Office (CSO) came into existence in 1894 when the British
South African Company (BSAC) first estalishe! a "ecor! an! Statistical #epartment
un!er the control of $uert $ar%ey& $ur%ey was 'ille! in the (atopos an! the ci%il
commissioner at $arare (the then Salisury) too' o%er his functions& The Office
con!ucte! its first census in Bulawayo in 189) for which the (inin* an! Ci%il
Commissioners supplie! estimates of the minin* an! uran population respecti%ely& +n
189, another census was con!ucte! in Salisury an! information was collecte!
throu*h the Office of the actin* (a*istrate&
A %ariety of in!epen!ent sections were set up y 19-4 to en*a*e in the collection of
statistics& A recommen!ation was ma!e that *reater efficiency woul! e achie%e! if
these !uties were centrali.e! in a !epartment un!er a /ualifie! statistician& A
monetary pro%ision was ma!e upon recommen!ations for the estalishment of a
Statistical Bureau un!er the (inistry of $ome Affairs& The Bureau was tas'e! for0
Carryin* out any census1 collectin*1 compilin* an! analysin* statistical
information for the commercial1 in!ustrial1 a*ricultural1 an! minin* an! social
spheres of the economy&
+t was also to collaorate with the *o%ernment in the collection1 compilin*1
co2coor!inatin*1 analysis an! pulication of statistical recor!s of
a!ministration&
+n 1934 the Office was transforme! into a !epartment un!er the (inistry of 5conomic
Affairs an! suse/uently chan*e! its name to the Central Statistical Office (CSO)& +n
1981 it was transferre! to the (inistry of 6inance an! 5conomic #e%elopment un!er
which it operate! until in April -44)& Currently1 as from the year -44,1 the
#epartment of Census an! Statistics is operatin* un!er the (inistry of 6inance&
1
Stattor! information
The !epartment is a pulic office as it is wholly controlle! y the *o%ernment of
7imawe an! its operations are *o%erne! y the pro%isions of the Census an!
Statistics Act (Chapter 1404)) as amen!e! y Act -- of -441 effecte! on --
Septemer -44-& The Act pro%i!es for the office of the #irector of Census an!
Statistics appointe! y the (inister of 6inance or any (inister that the 8resi!ent may
assi*n to a!minister the Act from time to time& The #irector is responsile for
appointments of other staff memers an! the !aily a!ministration of the #epartment&
$e sumits a report to the (inister after the 94
th
of :une each year !etailin* the
operations un!erta'en in the prece!in* year&
-
CHAPTER "
ORGANISATIONA# STRUCTURE
Organisationa$ C$tre of CSO
The CSO is responsile for the pro!uction of all official statistics relatin* to
7imawe& This is !one specifically an! in terms of the Census an! Statistics Act&
Broa!in* !escriin* the or*ani.ation1 its role is to pro!uce all official statistics y
collectin*1 compilin*1 pulishin* an! !isseminatin* reliale statistics for use y
*o%ernment1 in!ustry an! commerce1 researchers1 international o!ies& +t
encompasses the or*ani.ation;s *oals1 eha%ioural norms1 an! !ominant i!eolo*ies& +t
can e influence! y such attitu!es towar!s customers1 corporate ima*e1 the !ecision
ma'in* process or the !e*ree of status consciousness that is hel! y mana*ement an!
employees&
%ISION& 'ISSION STATE'ENT AND CORE %A#UES
%ision
To e the lea!in* worl! class pro!ucer of <ational Statistics in 7imawe&
'ission Statement
To contriute to the national !e%elopment throu*h the pro!uction an! !issemination
of timely an! accurate national statistics that facilitate0
8olicy formulation
8lannin* an! !ecision ma'in*
5%aluation an! research
Transparency an! *oo! *o%ernance
This will e achie%e! throu*h the use of automate! technolo*y with a hi*hly s'ille!
an! moti%ate! staff&
9
Core (a$es
+n pursuit of the mission1 the office hol!ers shall e respectful1 courteous1 open1
transparent an! responsi%e to oth users an! suppliers of !ata& This will ensure hi*h
le%el of confi!entiality of information in pro!ucin* a hi*h /uality statistical ser%ice
with professionalism an! inte*rity&
Centra$ Statisti)a$ Offi)e Organogram
The or*ani.ation chart shows that the or*ani.ation wor's un!er a #irector who has a
pri%ate secretary to ai! him& The or*ani.ation is !i%i!e! into Social an! 8opulation
Statistics #i%ision an! 5conomic Statistics #i%ision& 5ach !i%ision wor's un!er a
#eputy #irector an! hence the or*ani.ation has two !eputy !irectors& The Social an!
8opulation Statistics #i%ision is further !i%i!e! into Census an! Sur%eys Branch an!
Social Statistics Branch an! each ranch wor's un!er its own Assistant #irector&
=i'ewise the 5conomic Statistics #i%ision is !i%i!e! into 8ro!uction Statistics Branch
an! +ncome Analysis Branch with two Assistant #irectors hea!in* each ranch& 5ach
ranch is further split into !ifferent !epartments an! these !epartments wor' un!er a
Statistician with the ai! of officers who super%ises the clerical staff& The current
structure of the CSO is1 howe%er1 expecte! to chan*e as the or*anisation transforms to
The 7imawe Bureau of Statistics (7+(stat) as soon as the new Act is passe! y
8arliament& This transformation will see the estalishment of a Boar! of #irectors that
will e responsile for *o%ernin* the operations of 7+(stat& A #irector >eneral shall
e the Chief 5xecuti%e Officer an! will e responsile for the co2or!ination of the
<ational Statistical System& There are plans that a #eputy #irector2>eneral shall e
responsile for co2or!inatin* the technical wor' of the Bureau&
4
CSO or*anisational chart

)
DIRECTOR OF CENSUS AND STATISTICS
5conomic Statistics
(#eputy #irector)
8opulation an! Social
Statistics
*De+t! Dire)tor,
+ncome Analysis
(Assistant #irector)
8ro!uction Statistics
(Assistant #irector)
+n!ustrial Statistics
A*riculture Statistics
6orei*n Tra!e Statistics
(Statisticians an! Cler's)
6inance
(Statisticians)
(Cler's)
<ational Accounts
(Statisticians)
8rices
(Statisticians)
(Cler's)
$ousehol! sur%eys
(Assistant #irector)
A!ministration
$uman "esources
"e*istry an! 6inance
8ri%ate Secretary
Social Statistics Branch
(Assistant #irector)
Carto*raphy
(appin*
(8ro%incial super%isors)
(6iel! enumerators)
Census
5n%ironment
>en!er
$ealth
5mployment
:u!icial an! Social ?elfare
Social stats
+(T
(Statisticians)
(Cler's,
CORPORATE %A#UES
Team-or.
+t is an essential element for the success of an or*anisation culture& (emers nee! to
ha%e a spirit of to*etherness1 which is teamwor'& +n terms1 we realise that @to*ether
e%eryone accomplishes moreA1 teamwor' is encoura*e! at CSO for it is an essential
component of any or*anisation1 which coul! *reatly influence the total le%el of
accomplishment an! to some exten! can fulfil the social !esires of their memers&
Trans+aren)!
There is an open communication an! amon* employees& This promotes a peaceful an!
con!uci%e wor'in* en%ironment that fosters creati%ity an! expan!s pro!ucti%ity&
Transparency or clear communication !e%elops a clear learnin* company an! its
people are prepare! to spea'& They can express fran' opinions without fear or fa%our
*i%in* chances to each otherAs opinion an! in the en! *row an! pro*ress in harmony&
F$e/i0i$it!
A company must run to!ay if it wants to wal' tomorrow alon*si!e its competitors&
This fast2pace! corporate life is compoun!e! y the e%er2loomin* threat of chan*e1 so
much that an or*anisation must e flexile to chan*es an! mana*e a!e/uately the
ris's that the chan*es rin*s&
CHAPTER 1
3
E 2PECTATIONS
+ expecte! to ha%e a !eeper un!erstan!in* an! 'nowle!*e of all the thin*s that + learnt
at colle*e throu*h practice an! also to learn more aout mathematics in the
compilation of national fi*ures&
a) Be in%ol%e! in the calculation of inflation fi*ures an! the consumer price in!ex
) Be expose! to situations that woul! help me appreciate the existin* mathematical
mo!els an! e ale to formulate new ones&
c) 6ully comprehen! how *o%ernment1 non2*o%ernmental or*anisations an! in!ustry
use! the !ata B statistics pro!uce! y the CSO to plan for present an! future
purposes&
!) Con!uct fiel! sur%eys an! collect information from househol!s&
e) Be the amassa!or in mar'etin* the Central Statistical Office to those who are not
aware of this or*anisation tellin* them its function an! its enefits economically
althou*h + will e a stu!ent + am *oin* to try to use e%erythin* + ha%e learnt at
school to ma'e sure that at the en! of the year the or*anisation will e ale to attain
its oCecti%es&
+ ha! set expectations aout wor'in* in this fiel! as a worl! of !isco%erin*1 analysin*
an! comin* up with conclusions or %erifyin* the alrea!y existin* laws& (athematical
mo!els an! sur%eys in%ol%e !esi*nin* for them to e appropriate for in%esti*ations to
e carrie! out& #esi*nin* in the form of computer pro*rammin* was also a prior
expectation1 ein* expose! to C28ro*rammin* + mana*e! to wor' with the
pro*rammers at C&S&O in writin* pro*rams for CS8ro which is use! for !ata entry an!
SAS which is use! for !ata manipulation an! taulation&
"449441-
,
$ow my expectations suits in!ustrial reality
The application of #esi*n an! analysis of experiments1 <umerical metho!s1
Statistical inference an! "e*ression an! analysis of %ariance pro%e! that there are
no ways expectations !iffer from reality&
The pacin* coefficient use! when measurin* plots areas un!er Area (easurement
an! Diel! 5stimates is calculate! y the followin* proce!ure
8ace normally alon* the 144m& "epeat the proce!ure se%eral times so that
you can *et the a%era*e numer of paces (8
<
)&
To *et the pacin* coefficient (8
C
)0 #i%i!e 144m y the a%era*e numer of
paces (8
<
)&
Thus 8
C
E
144
(roun!e! off to the nearest 4&4))

N
P
5&*& if 8
C
E 4&,9 (E 4&,) to the nearest 4&4))
Example: Below is an irre*ular lan!1 which has een ma!e re*ular y F*i%in* awayA
an! Fta'in* inA some portions of the fiel!0
+t shoul! e note! that approximatin* an irre*ular fiel! to a s/uare coul! increase
errors when it is suppose! to e a rectan*le&
If a plot is T or = shaped, divide it into subplots and number them.
The 5numerator paces normally alon* the len*th an! wi!th of the fiel!
countin* an! notin* !own the numer of paces&
Con%ert the paces to metres usin* the pacin* coefficient
For example: =et the pacin* coefficient e 4&, an! the numer of paces 98 alon* the
len*th an! -4 alon* the wi!th&


8
su plot <umer of paces <umer of meters Area
pacin* coefficient len*th wi!th len*th wi!th in m
-
1 4&, 98 -4 -, 1, 4)9
Calculate the area in s/uare metres y usin*
Area (A)E =en*th G ?i!th (in m
-
)
>o to the next plot operate! y the selecte! househol! an! repeat the ao%e
proce!ure usin* a new sheet of /uestionnaire an! enter the followin*
information0 2
i) i!entification
ii) !etails of area measurement
iii) !istances an!
i%) s'etch of parcelBplot&
6ollow the same proce!ure until all parcelsBplots operate! y the selecte!
househol! are complete!3
(ost of my expectations came to e an! + can safely say there are no ways in
which reality !iffers from expectations& $owe%er some of my expectations !i! not
coinci!e with those of the Central Statistics Office& +mportant issues li'e crop
forecastin* was centralise! only to the Crop 6orecastin* Committee in accor!ance
to the or*anisational protocols& + was also !enie! access to atten! to maCor
meetin*s pertainin* to the pro*ress of a*ricultural !ata& Some of the a*riculture
!ocuments were confi!ential an! thus + ha! little access to a*ricultural !ata
ecause + was not confine! within the confi!entiality clause of the or*anisation&

9
CHAPTER 4
NATURE OF INDUSTR5 6 NDUSTR5 DE%E#OP'ENTS
The official statistics pro!uce! y the CSO as the only or*ani.ation man!ate! y the
*o%ernment to pro!uce such statistical information forms the foun!ation of all
<ational Statistics with re*ar! to re/uirements of the Census an! Statistics Act& The
!epartment pro!uces a ran*e of economic1 social an! population statistics& The pulic
inclu!in* international or*ani.ations such as the +nternational (onetary fun! an! the
?orl! Ban' uses the information pro!uce! y this or*ani.ation& The maCor !uties of
this or*ani.ation are !ata collection1 compilation1 analysis an! !issemination of
statistics relatin* to the socio2economic situation in 7imawe& The increasin*
importance of the pri%ate sector has ma!e it imperati%e the nee! for statistics from
them& The statistics pro!uce! y this or*ani.ation are use! to monitor pro*ress in
*o%ernment policies an! measures performance within the micro2economic
en%ironment&
The )hange of Centra$ Statisti)a$ Offi)e to Atonomos
The *o%ernment of 7imawe has ta'en a strate*ic !ecision to ma'e the Central
Statistical Office autonomous in or!er to0
5nhance the cre!iility an! impartiality of official statistics&
"emo%e ureaucratic an! hence impro%e efficiency in the pro%ision of official
statistics an!1
Stem the hi*h staff turno%er which has ero!e! capacity for the office to
perform its function to the expectation of users&
There is incre!ily hi*h commitment on the part of the *o%ernment to the
!e%elopment an! use of official statistics an! to ma'e CSO autonomous1 etter
resource! an! more efficient& A rational *o%ernment shoul! @not be making a
contribution like a chicken but must make total commitment like a pigH& The chic'en
an! pi* analo*y relates to the story of a chic'en an! a pi* which when wal'in* alon*
the main street saw a illoar! a!%ertisin* acon an! e**s& The chic'en turne! to pi*
14
an! sai!1 @ArenAt we ma'in* a *oo! contriution to the economyIH The pi* answere!1
@?hen you pro!uce e**s1 you are ma'in* a contriution ut when + contriute acon1
that is total commitmentH& This commitment shoul! translate into mainstreamin*
statistics in the national !e%elopment plans an! in usin* statistics for policy !esi*n
an! e%i!ence2ase! plannin* an! !ecision ma'in*& Autonomous will lea! to
coor!ination an! collaoration that will ensure1 inter alia that the <ational Statistical
SystemJ
8re%ents !uplication of effort which often lea!s to inconsistent !ata an!
wasteful utili.ation of resources1
Achie%es syner*y an! cost effecti%eness in utili.ation of scarce resources&
A%oi!s wor'in* at cross2purpose1 non complementary wor' an! ri%alry1
>enerally pro!uces etter statistical information1 an!
+ncrease use of information especially for e%i!ence2ase! policy an! !ecision
ma'in*&
Pro+ose7 Organisationa$ Str)tre of 8I'stat
A tripartite type of Boar! was su**este! an! will e represente! y >o%ernment1
Business an! Ci%il Society& The propose! structure of 7+(stat will ha%e a Boar! of
#irectors on top followe! y the #irector >eneral an! lastly the #eputy #irector
>eneral& After the !irectors there is *oin* to e some !irectorates& The !irectorates
will e respecti%ely for the sections of 5conomic an! 6inancial Statistics1 8opulation
an! Social Statistics1 Statistical Ser%ices1 +nformation an! Telecommunication
Technolo*y an! Operations1 Sur%eys an! 6iel! Operations an! finally of Corporate
Ser%ices& There will e two statistical ranches which are Common Statistics Ser%ice
an! 8ro%incial Statistical offices& 6inally there will e sections for special unit which
will comprise of +nternal Au!it1 Strate*y an! 8lannin* an! lastly 8ulic an!
+nternational relations&
The autonomous or*ani.ation en%isa*e! woul! operate in!epen!ently an! outsi!e the
pulic ser%ice& A new statistics authority outsi!e the ci%il ser%ice woul! e create!1
within the pro%ision of plannin* !ata for 'ey sta'ehol!ers in *o%ernment1 the pulic
an! pri%ate sectors remainin* the centrepiece of the ser%ice&
11
8imstat a-areness )am+aigns are there to9
Offer an open forum an! !ialo*ue etween pro!ucers an! users of statisticsJ
"e%iew an! appraise the status of current official statisticsJ
Assess the impact an! rele%ance to users of pulishe! statisticsJ
#raw a lue print an! *ui!elines for the !issemination of *o%ernment statistics
for the next fi%e yearsJ
Stu!y1 an! if possile ma'e *oo! the shortfalls1 ottlenec's an! constraints
face! y the CSO as the main pro!ucer of official statistics&
To-ar7s transformation
To etter the nee!s of the nation y pro%i!in* *oo! !ata for0
(a'in* hu*e sa%in*s throu*h use of e%i!ence ase! policy an! !ecision2
ma'in*&
6ormulation of <ational framewor's such as <5#881 75#S1 "B(1
Kision-4-4
Assessin* an! monitorin* "e*ional an! +nternational !eclarations an!
protocols an! a*reements such as (#>s1 8"S8s1 A*en!a -11 SA#C
"+S#81 AL1 <58A#1 6oo! security&
5mpowerin* the pulic to assess *o%ernment performance&
>ui!in* socio2economic policy formulation to tac'le inflation1
un!eremployment1 po%erty1 *en!er !isparities&
+n%i*oratin* statistical a!%ocacy1 throu*h a share! %ision for !e%elopment&
6osterin* inter2lin'a*es etween institutions throu*h coor!ination1
collaoration an! partnership&
(ainstreamin* an! prioritisation of statistical information across sectors in
a holistic manner&
5ra!icatin* use of conflictin* statistical information&
1-
The or*ani.ation is !i%i!e! into two main !i%isions an! these are0
S OCIA# AND P OPU#ATION S TATISTICS D I%ISION
This !i%ision is !i%i!e! into two main ranches that are hea!e! y Assistant
#irectors& These ranches are namely0
Census an! Sur%eys Branch
Social Statistics Branch
5ach of the two ranches is further su!i%i!e! into sections that are hea!e! y
statisticians&
C ENSUS AND S UR%E5S B RANCH
This is the only ranch that is !ecentralise! !own to pro%incial an! !istrict le%els& The
ranch consists of the followin* sections0
Hoseho$7 Sr(e!s Se)tion
+ts maCor role is to carry out a continuous an! coor!inate! series of national househol!
sur%eys on a wi!e ran*e of suCects such as health1 e!ucation1 a*riculture etc&
Po+$ation Censs an7 Cartogra+h! Se)tion
The main aim is to pro%i!e the numer of persons per sin*le !efine! unit1 numer of
persons in particular cate*ories such as a*e an! sex &The carto*raphy section pro%i!es
a map !ataase that is lin'e! to census !ata&
S OCIA# S TATISTICS B RANCH
The Social Statistics Branch on the other han! consists of a numer of sections which
are0
Em+$o!ment an7 E7)ation Statisti)s Se)tion
+ts function is to pro!uce an! pro%i!e current formal employment statistics1 pro!uce
an! !isseminate the +n!icator (onitorin*2 =aour 6orce Sur%ey results1 collect an!
input e!ucation statistics such as enrolment fi*ures in !ifferent e!ucational
institutions1 the numer of e!ucation institutions in the country1 literacy le%els in the
country into core pulications&
En(ironment Statisti)s Se)tion
19
+ts function is to pro!uce current en%ironment statistics such !eforestation le%els in
7imawe1 pollution le%els1 climatic con!itions1 wil!life an! tourism&
Hea$th an7 %ita$ Statisti)s Se)tion
+ts function is to pro!uce an! pro%i!e up to !ate health an! %ital statistics such as
mortality rates etc
Gen7er Statisti)s Se)tion
+ts function is to pro!uce statistics on *en!er ine/ualities etween males an! females&
Internationa$ 'igration an7 Torism Statisti)s Se)tion
+ts function is to pro!uce !ata on immi*rants1 emi*rants1 !epartin* %isitors an!
resi!ents1 pulishin* tra%el receiptsA fi*ures an! hotel occupancy !ata&
:7i)ia$ an7 So)ia$ ;e$fare Statisti)s Se)tion
+ts function is to pro!uce statistics on prisons1 crime rates asin* on information
recei%e! from the 7imawe "epulic 8olice1 social welfare statistics an! community
ser%ice statistics&
So)ia$ In7i)ators 6 #i(ing Con7itions Statisti)s Se)tion
+ts function is to pro!uce an! !isseminate !ata on the li%in* con!itions of the
population& +t also houses the 7imawe Statistics #ataase (7+(#AT)&
E CONO'IC S TATISTICS D I%ISION
This !i%ision consists two ranches1 namely0
PRODUCTION STATISTICS BRANCH
This ranch consists of three sections0
Agri)$tre Statisti)s Se)tion
+t collects socio2 economic !ata pertainin* to the a*ricultural sector inclu!in*
structures of farms an! hol!in*s&
Foreign Tra7e Statisti)s Se)tion
+ts function is to pro!uce external tra!e statistics0 which show le%els an! chan*es in
statistics y perio!1 commo!ity1 countryJ international an! re*ional *roupin*s an!
statistics y !irection of flow&
Pro7)tion Statisti)s Se)tion
14
+ts function is to pro!uce in!ustrial statistics0 which !escrie the structural1
characteristics an! contriution of the !istriuti%e1 pro!ucti%e (exclu!in* a*riculture)
transport an! communication sectors of the economy& This section also inclu!es the
Dis+at)h an7 Re)o(er! Unit
+t is responsile for !ispatchin* /uestionnaires on ehalf of some of the or*ani.ationAs
sections which inclu!e A*riculture Statistics1 5mployment Statistics an! 8ro!uction
Statistics Sections respecti%ely& +t is also responsile for ma'in* follow2 ups on non2
"espon!ents to these /uestionnaires&
These sections are supporte! y the Training Se)tion that is responsile for
facilitatin* an in2house trainin* pro*ramme for not only !epartmental personnel ut
for fellow ministries an! other *o%ernment !epartments& This is !one to ensure that
the /uality of the !ata collecte! y the CSO is not compromise! in any way&
INCO'E ANA#5SIS BRANCH
This ranch consists of the followin* sections0
Nationa$ A))onts Statisti)s Se)tion
?hose maCor function is that of compilin* national accounts reports&
Finan)e Statisti)s Se)tion
?hich analyses Central *o%ernment re%enue1 expen!iture an! consumption y
preparin* pro!uction accounts1 income an! expen!iture accounts etc&
Pri)es Statisti)s Se)tion
?hose functions inclu!e processin* an! pulishin* the monthly Consumer 8rice
+n!ex1 Muarterly 8rices Bulletin1 up!ate foo! po%erty lines an! !isseminate
information on monthly inflation rates&
Informa$ Se)tor Statisti)s Se)tion
?hich pro!uces current informal sector fi*ures& The two !i%isions of the Central
Statistical Office are supporte! y other non2statistical sections which inclu!e0
#es'top 8ulishin* an! 8rintin*
5lectronic #ata 8rocessin*
A!ministration an! 6inance
1)
CHAPTER <
PRODUCTS 6 SER%ICE 'ARKETS
The Central Statistical Office acts as a ser%ice pro%i!er its ser%ices ein* the
pro%ision of statistics& The ways to achie%e these ser%ices are usually in the form of
the me!ia1 that is print1 electronic an! internet& To this en! we ha%e the Central
Statistical Office wesite ---3=imstats3)o3=-& The Central Statistical Office has a
lar*e tar*et mar'et for its pro!uct that is statistical information which1 exten!s from
the *eneral 7imawean national to in!ustry an! commerce with the international
or*ani.ations sharin* the same spoil& Since C&S&O& is a ser%ice pro%i!er1 their tar*ets
are the consumers of !ata& The mar'et ser%ice! y C&S&O& is the *o%ernment1 in!ustry
an! commerce1 researchers1 international o!ies an! the pulic in *eneral& These each
ha%e !ifferent use of the !ata thus they re/uire it in !ifferent forms& This can e raw
!ata or processe! !ata& Thus the pro!ucts offere! y C&S&O& in form of the ser%ices
they ha%e to offer to its mar'et are0 2
#ata collection an! processin*
"eport *eneration
8ulications
+n the C&S&O& or*anisation structure1 there is supportin* statistical staffs that are
/ualifie! in !ata collection an! processin*& This enales the or*anisation to offer its
ser%ices in !ata collection an! processin* to other or*anisation1 for an example1 the
=aour 6orce Sur%ey con!ucte! after e%ery four years1 is carrie! out y C&S&O& for the
+nternational =aour Or*anisation (+=O)& +n report *eneratin*1 C&S&O& releases their
fin!in*s to press an! tele%ision as a ser%ice to the nation&
13
C&S&O& presents these reports to or*ani.ations that ha%e a common *oal which are in
line with the report& Crop forecastin*1 which is a report on how much /uantity will e
a%ailale for !ifferent crops for that particular a*ricultural season1 rin*s to*ether the
(inistry of A*riculture The Central Statistical Office has the followin* sta'ehol!ers0
Go(ernment0
Central1 8ro%incial an! =ocal *o%ernment use statistical information extensi%ely to
inform policy !e%elopment an! measure the impact of *o%ernment pro*rams on
economic an! social well ein*& The statistical information is %ital in *ui!in* ci%ic
*roups man!ate! y the *o%ernment to champion in its efforts to turnaroun! the
ra*in* economic collapse the country is currently facin*& The information re/uire! y
these *roups inclu!es the inflation rate1 consumer price in!ex (C8+)1 an! po%erty
!atum line an! a*riculture information for crop forecast&
The +0$i)0
The community at lar*e is mainly intereste! in asic information on the economy an!
society such as economic *rowth1 employment1 inflation1 population1 etc& this
information is lar*ely communicate! throu*h the me!ia1 an! lar*ely susi!i.e!
reports which are sol! at the CSOAs pulications section& The Central Statistical
OfficeAs strate*y stri%es to inspire confi!ence in the /uality of these 'ey
measurements& The pulic also supplies !ata throu*h $ousehol! Sur%ey collections
an! the census&
Bsiness0
The usiness community shares similar interests in the /uantitati%e ness of
information an! in principle1 all economic %ariales are potential suCects for
comparison& +mportant attriutes inclu!e the si.e of the mar'et1 return on capital
in%este! an! the rate at which the prices are a!Custe!& Businesses are important
1,
sources an! users of our statistics information& "e!ucin* the ur!en sur%eys on the
usiness community continue to e an important factor in the !esi*n of statistical
pro*rams&

Non>Go(ernmenta$ Organi=ations *NGOs,0
The CSO has a trac' recor! of its han!2to2han! relationship with the <>Os& O%er the
past years CSO ha%e een wor'in* closely with the <>Os1 con!uctin* sponsore!
researches on ehalf these or*ani.ations an! supplyin* %ital information to them free
of char*e& These <>Os inclu!es <B71 6AO1 CA"5 +nternational1 A8< an! 7#S etc&
These or*ani.ations are oth suppliers an! users of statistical information
The A)a7emi) Se)tor0
The aca!emic sector uses statistical information oth for research an! teachin*
purposes& Other users re/uire statistics to inform !ecision2ma'in* ut the aca!emic
sector can play a strate*ic role in e%aluatin* the /uality of statistics pro!uce!& The
CSO also attaches stu!ents from !ifferent institutions that *i%e the attache! stu!ents
the much nee!e! experience an! exposure so that the re/uire! aca!emic excellence
can e attaine!&
The 'e7ia0
The me!ia plays a crucial role in the pulication of statistical information on oth
national an! local le%el& 6or this reason the CSO has emar'e! on a communication
an! !e%elopment strate*y to empower 'ey role players in the me!ia arena& This
ensures that the ri*ht information is pulishe! at the ri*ht time an! it is properly
!escrie! an! imparte! to the pulic in an appropriate form& The !irectorate chairs a
press conference e%ery month pulicly announcin* statistical information throu*h the
me!ia to the *eneral pulic to un!erstan! the meanin* of fluctuations in statistical
fi*ures throu*h the electronic me!ia
E/tra>Territoria$ Organi=ations an7 Bo7ies0
Official statistical information is an essential asis for mutual 'nowle!*e1 comparison
an! tra!e amon* the states an! peoples of the worl!& +t is for this reason that CSO
meets the international information re/uirements of this class which inclu!es the
acti%ities of international or*ani.ations such as the Lnite! <ations an! its speciali.e!
a*encies1 re*ional o!ies1 etc&1 the Or*ani.ation for 5conomic Co2operation an!
18
#e%elopment1 OAL1 +(61 ?orl! Ban'1 etc&1 also !ominate the list of CSO
sta'ehol!er
Karious pulications are pro!uce! to the pulic an! usiness sectors an! these are
summarise! elow0
SECTION PUB#ICATIONS
A*riculture A*riculture an! =i%estoc' Sur%ey
"eports1 inclu!es 8ost $ar%est "esults1
Crop 6orecast report1 Butcheries an!
Tanneries report
<ational Accounts +ne/uality amon* househol!s in
7imawe&
<ational +ncome an! 5xpen!iture report&
8o%erty in 7imawe
5mployment an! 5!ucation +n!icators (onitorin* =aour 6orce
Sur%eys1 e!ucation reports
8rices +nflation fi*ures1 (onthly consumer price
in!ex1 8ro!ucer 8rice +n!ex1 8o%erty
#atum =ines1 Buil!in* material in!ex
+nternational mi*ration an! tourism (onthly mi*ration an! tourism statistics1
Muarterly mi*ration an! tourism
statistics1 Annual mi*ration an! tourism
statistics&
8opulation Census national reports1 Census
preliminary reports
$ealth <ational health profile1 (ortality reports
>en!er >en!er !isparities in 7imawe1 *en!er
facts an! fi*ures1 men an! women in
7imawe
19
CHAPTER ?
CO'PAN5>SOCIET5 CONNECTIONS
Statisti)s In>ser(i)e Training
The Central Statistical Office plays a crucial role y pro%in* an in2ser%ice trainin*
pro*ramme to its employees an! outsi!ers from *o%ernment !epartments at no
char*e& This helps most ci%il ser%ants to appreciate how !ifferent mathematical
formulae can e implemente! in turnin* aroun! our economy&
Bsiness Commnit!
CSO has also estalishe! concrete relationship with the usiness sector& +t hosts
special meetin*s an! wor'shops with concerne! parties to officially announce fi*ures1
clearly explainin* how these fi*ures were compile!& This re!uces1 if not eliminates1
confusion an! misinterpretations on statistical pulications& +t also wor's alon*si!e
other !e%elopment partners such as Lnite! <ations 8opulation 6un! (L<8#)1 Lnite!
<ations #e%elopment 8ro*ram (L<#8)1 Southern Africa #e%elopment Community
(SA#C)1 to mention ut a few&
Atta)hment +$a)ements0
The est way for an or*ani.ation to plou*h ac' to society is throu*h e!ucation& CSO
recruits stu!ents from %arious uni%ersities an! pri%ate colle*es for wor'2relate!
learnin*& This is of enefit to the stu!ent an! the society& The or*ani.ation also acts as
a resource centre where most stu!ents can rea!ily fin! !ata on %arious sectors of the
economy free of char*e&
The genera$ +0$i)0
The or*ani.ation !isseminates statistical information to the pulic at unelie%aly
low costs that 'eep them informe!1 which help them in !ecision ma'in* an!
forecastin*& The or*ani.ation also carries out awareness wor'shops aime! at
e!ucatin* the society aout its functions an! *oo! interpretation of information&
"esearch +nstitutions0 the or*ani.ation carryout sponsore! researches for other
or*ani.ations an! institutions& The research is !one on the society to monitor pro*ress
-4
of *o%ernment policies an! therey notin* areas nee!in* impro%ement for etter
li%in* of 7imaweans&
C$A8&,
CHAPTER @
PERSONA# AND PROFESSIONA# DE%E#OP'ENTS
Forma$ #earning Corses
#urin* my first wee' + un!erwent on the Co trainin* where my super%isor explaine!
the system + wor'e! on& Ai!e! y a trainin* manual for the system + familiari.e!
myself with the system an! 'ey terms that re/uire! clarification an! !efinitions& This
was of enefit to the !e*ree pro*ram since it *a%e me 'nowle!*e on popular
economics terms use! y the a*riculture in!ustry&
Ke! S.i$$s De(e$o+ment
Professiona$ S.i$$s
a3 Te)hni)a$ s.i$$s
+ ac/uire! !ata sur%ey techni/ues that encompasses
1& #ata collection
-& #ata co!in* an! e!itin*
9& #ata capturin*
4& #ata cleanin* an! taulation
)& #ata analysis
03 Effe)ti(e Commni)ation S.i$$s 0
+nitially this pro%e! to e !ifficult as + foun! myself ha%in* to !eal with the
*eneral pulic as well as senior personnel& Suse/uently1 the interaction with
clients1 suppliers an! usiness partners meant that + nee! to impro%e on how +
articulate! myself&& Also !e%elope! *oo! formal an! informal communication
s'ills within the or*ani.ation since almost all communication was !one either
y telephone1 e2mail or letters& This s'ill in%ol%es %isual1 oral an! written
communication& + also inter%iewe! househol!s in the (u'uni Small Scale
-1
Commercial 6arms in (utare !urin* the -443 A*riculture an! li%estoc' Sur%ey
8ost har%est !ata collection exercise

&
Initiati(e an7 organising a0i$it!
+ was ale to use own initiati%e in prolem situations an! wor' without close
super%ision measure! y my completion of wor' in time an! pro!ucin*
satisfactory results
)3 Ana$!ti)a$ S.i$$s 0
Carryin* out inferences on the causes of %ariations in crop yiel!s in the
!ifferent sectors A11 A-1 Ol! "esettlement Schemes (o!els (A1 B11 B-1 5)1
Communal1 =ar*e Scale an! Small Scale Commercial 6arms cause! y
%ariales li'e soil type1 rainfall an! !ifferent types of fertili.ers applie!&
73 'anageria$ S.i$$s 0
These inclu!e confi!ence an! teamwor' spirit& These helpe! me !urin* the
-443 8ost $ar%est !ata collection1 e!itin* an! processin* + am now thorou*h
an! metho!ical in *atherin* !ata&
e3 Ris. 'anagement S.i$$s 0
<ee! for the analysis of payoffs of alternati%e actions you can ta'e1 this is a
%ital s'ill in !ecision ma'in*&
f3 Information Te)hno$og! S.i$$s 0
+nclu!es email1 wor! processin*1 sprea!sheets1 !ataase1 pulishin*1 c!2
writin*1 file mana*ement an! or*ani.ation1 html an! we !esi*nin*& + was ale
to easily copy with the pro*rams that were use! !urin* post har%est !ata
cleanin*&
g3 A7a+ta0i$it! 0
+ am now ale to wor' with others as a team& This actually helpe! me to
appreciate the essentiality of e%eryone towar!s the *oals of the or*ani.ation
!ue to the roles each an! e%eryone plays& +t was easy for me to suit perfectly
well in the -44, 5stimates of yiel!s an! Area (easurement&
--
h3 Aa$it! stan7ar7s of -or. ot+t 9
+ achie%e! the re/uire! stan!ar!s of /uality an! completeness of wor'& + was
ale to complete my analysis of area measurement an! yiel! estimates an!
attaine! the !ea! line for the crop forecastin* committee&
Persona$ De(e$o+ment
Strengths
a) + was to i!entify !ifferent aspects of mathematics1 li'e proaility proportional to
si.e use! in sample !esi*nin* y the Central Statistical Office&
) + coul! ta'e the initiati%e when re/uire!& + was often assi*ne! to perform tas's
within the section1 some of which + coor!inate! with minimal or no super%ision at
all& This roa!ene! my mental stren*th an! tau*ht me to e in!epen!ent in
performin* my !uties&
c) + woul! ta'e or!ers an! perform re/uire! !uties in time1 e%en those !uties that
in%ol%e! thin*s that + ha! not learnt at colle*e&
!) Aility to wor' un!er pressure& $a%in* een attache! in one of the usy sections in
the CSO1 + mana*e! to a!Cust to the en%ironment e%en as the wor'loa! 'ept
increasin*& ?e use! to *o to wor' e%en at pulic holi!ays&
e) + was ale to *rasp new concepts& The CSO1 li'e any other hi*hly acti%e
or*ani.ation uses state of the art machinery an! software& + was ale to ac/uire
some 'nowle!*e on the use of statistical software pac'a*es such as CS8ro !ata
entry1 S8SS1 5%iews (+<+TAB an! SAS&
f) + woul! also as' what to !o if + !i! not un!erstan! anythin* that + was tas'e! to !o
an! if e%er + ma!e any errors + woul! *la!ly correct them since this was a learnin*
process& + was ale to communicate at all le%els&
*) Bein* attache! in the A*riculture Section *a%e me the opportunity to communicate
with %arious players in the Sectors of the in!ustry1 the *eneral pulic an! staff
-9
within& This has *reatly impro%e! my communication an! ne*otiatin* s'ills an! +
can safely interact with anyone professionally at any le%el&
;ea.nesses
a) Bein* a stu!ent + was not in%ol%e! in a lot of core acti%ities within the or*anisation
ecause of the confi!entiality clause of the or*anisation&
) + was not e%en in%ol%e! in some maCor meetin*s that were hel! in the !epartment& +
was restricte! in some wor' to !o&
c) Bein* seen as Cust a stu!ent also presente! a prolem to me1 this was !ue to the
fact that some of the employees elie%e! that stu!ents lac'e! the experience as well
as the exposure to !o anythin* that was fruitful to their cause&
-4
CHAPTER B
Han7$ing Conf$i)t 0et-een +ersona$ an7 organi=ationa$ o0Ce)ti(es
Conflict can e !efine! as a clash of opinions *oals1 %alues1 perceptions or
personalities an! this usually arises from communication of our wants1 nee!s an!
%alues to others or ori*inates from past ri%alries& Conflict etween personal an!
or*ani.ational oCecti%es at wor' is ine%itale an! one has to fin! means an! ways to
!eal with the conflict so that the !esire! results are achie%e!1 oth at in!i%i!ual le%el
an! at or*ani.ational le%el& 8ersonally + ha! to fulfil my personal oCecti%es o%er
lunch time1 after normal wor'in* hours an! when usiness was low&
This helpe! me to pre%ent the clashes etween my learnin* oCecti%es an! the nee! to
carry out my specific !uties& + ha! a timetale to satisfy my learnin* oCecti%es
outsi!e wor'in* hours& This was a perio! when + woul! %isit the CSO lirary to rea!
some clerical trainin* manuals an! some information pertainin* to a*ricultural !ata1
so that + coul! e fully e/uippe! to carry out my !uties efficiently y usin* the
'nowle!*e + woul! ha%e ac/uire! from the trainin* manual an! other sources&
#urin* my normal wor'in* hours + was allocate! time to rea! the trainin* manual so
that + ecome familiar with the <ational Statistical System1 formulae an! calculations1
hence there was no conflict etween or*ani.ational an! personal oCecti%es& #urin*
the usiest times an! !ays + woul! suspen! my learnin* oCecti%es an! + woul! carry
out the re/uire! !uties so that set tar*ets coul! e met an! + will ha%e helpe! in
fulfillin* the mission statement an! core %alues of the company which is to e the
lea!in* worl! class pro!ucer of national statistics in 7imawe&
"esults of some of the !ata are confi!ential until the time of their pulications& This
is !ue to the fact that %erification an! clarification has to e !one with the
-)
sta'ehol!ers in%ol%e!& Thus meetin*s with these sta'ehol!ers were hi*hly
confi!ential an! + was not allowe! to atten! re*ar!less of my nee! to 'now what
actually too' place in these 'in!s of meetin*s& 6or example1 + coul! not atten! the
crop2forecastin* meetin* that was atten!e! y the Crop 6orecastin* Committee that
inclu!es (inister of =an!s an! A*riculture1 (inister of +nformation an! 8ulicity an!
the (inister of 6inance1 <ational 5arly ?arnin* Lnit (<5?L)1 A*ricultural "esearch
5xtension Ser%ices (A"5G)an! (etrolo*ical #epartmentJ + howe%er1 *ot the
opportunity to *o throu*h the minutes
&
-3
CHAPTER D
Agri)$tre Se)tion
A*ricultural censuses are statutory en/uiries con!ucte! un!er A*ricultural Statistics
"e*ulations1 1939 as amen!e! in 19,4 an! 19,91 as promul*ate! un!er the Census
an! Statistical Office (CSO) con!ucts a =i%estoc' an! A*riculture Sur%ey (A=S) in
mo!ules from Octoer of the current year to Septemer of the followin* year
annually&
A#S sam+$e 7esign
A=S co%ers househol!s in all six farmin* sectors namelyJ communal lan!s1 Ol!
"esettlement Schemes2 (inclu!es mo!elsJ A1 B11 B-1 an! 5)1 A1farms1 A-farms1
=ar*e Scale Commercial 6arms1 an! Small Scale Commercial 6arms& CSO
enumerators inter%iew selecte! househol!s an! farm hol!ers across the country usin*
/uestionnaires&
A=S2is !esi*ne! to pro%i!e statistics on0
#i(esto).
+nformation is collecte! on
Si.es1 composition1 ac/uisitions an! !isposals of her!& =i%estoc' co%ere!
inclu!e cattle1 sheep1 *oats1 pi*s1 !on'eys1 poultry an! raits&
EEi+ment
+nformation is collecte! on0
<umer of animal !rawn1 e/uipment owne! e&*& plou*hs1 planters an!
culti%ators&
<umer of mechani.e! e/uipment e&*& tractors an! tractor e/uipment&
Ca+ita$
+nformation is collecte! on0
Cost of new uil!in* wor's an! farm impro%ements&
Cost of materials an! laour for construction in the calen!ar year&
Cro+s
+nformation is collecte! on0
Areas plante!1 pro!uction1 sales an! retentions of crops1 fruit an! %e*etales&
-,
6ertili.er an! lime usa*e&
Em+$o!ment
The a**re*ate wor'force split into owners an! employees&
8lot2hol!ers an! househol!s memers wor'in* on the hol!in*Bfarm y sex&
8ermanent an! casual wor'ers y sex an! earnin*s&
Cre!it an! loan facilities *i%en to farmers
O0Ce)ti(es of the Agri)$tre an7 #i(esto). Sr(e! *A#S,
The main oCecti%e of the A*riculture an! =i%estoc' Sur%ey is to pro%i!e planners
with necessary !ata for oth short an! lon* term strate*ies for !ealin* with foo!
supply situations& The sur%ey is !esi*ne! to pro%i!e enchmar' !ata on0
+n%entory of farm implements an! machinery&
Cost of new uil!in*s1 wor's an! farm impro%ements&
+n%entory of cattle an! other li%estoc'&
Culti%ate! areas an! croppin* patterns&
6ertili.er an! lime usa*e&
Diel! estimate&
8ersons li%in* an! wor'in* on hol!in*s&
Cre!its an! loan facilities&
Transport costs an! fuel use on farms&
Uses of Agri)$tre an7 #i(esto). Sr(e!
5conomic analysis of the a*riculture in!ustry&
6ormulation of *o%ernmentAs a*ricultural policy on susi!ies1 prices1
mar'etin* etc&
(a'in* forecasts of forei*n currency earnin*s from a*ricultural exports an!
forei*n exchan*e re/uirements to meet the cost of importe! inputs for
a*riculture&
+nta'e plannin* of crops an! li%estoc' y the mar'etin* oar!s an!
companies&
Assessin* the foo! position of the country&
6orecastin* of a*ricultural inputs y farmers&
-8
Compilation of the >ross #omestic pro!uct (>#8) fi*ures&
8ro%ision of aseline !ata for research&
;or. Done an7 Re$e(an)e to Degree Progamme
+ was in%ol%e! in a lot of wor' at CSO& Since + was wor'in* at the A*riculture
Section1 most of my tas's were ase! on the pro!uction of A*riculture Statistics& (y
main !uties were
#ata collection
#ata co!in* an! e!itin*
#ata capturin*
#ata cleanin*
#ata analysis an! taulation
This in%ol%e! a numer of mo!ules which are0
Re)or7 T!+e 19 Catt$e +o+$ation an7 )hanges in her7 an7 Re)or7 t!+e 49 Other
$i(esto). +o+$ation an7 )hanges3
"ecor! type 9 pro%i!es !ata on cattle in the a*riculture sectors an! chan*es in cattle
'ept& Muestionnaires are complete! twice a year1 co%erin* the perio!s0 1 April to 94
Septemer an! 1 Octoer to 91 (arch& The total numer of cattle or other li%estoc'
her! as at 91 (arch or 94 Septemer -444 from the pre%ious roun!s ecome our
openin* stoc's for the secon! roun!& The total cattle or other li%estoc' as at 94
Septemer -444 or 91 (arch -44) ecomes our closin* stoc'& The emphasis was on
the alance of the e/uality of the linear e/uation 0
C$osing sto). *D,FO+ening sto). *A,GIn)reases *B,> De)reases *C,3
(y tas' was therefore to chec' an! ma'e sure this e/uality hol!s in all cases efore
forwar!in* the /uestionnaires to the #ata 8rocessin* !epartment&
In)reases
The reference perio! is the past six months
+nclu!es irths1 purchases1 other *ains in the form of *ifts1 loola1 transfers etc&
De)reases
+nclu!es !eaths an! loses1 sales1 slau*hterin* an! other transfers out e&*& *ifts an!
loola&
-9
Re)or7 T!+e @9 Post Har(est
This sur%ey is carrie! out annually in or!er to account for the actual crop pro!uction
for a particular farmin* season& This helps in assessin* the foo! position of the
country as a whole& +t also helps the *o%ernment to u!*et an! e%aluate if there is
nee! to import or export&
Data )o$$e)tion
+ was traine! on inter%iew s'ills an! sur%ey techni/ues for effecti%e communication
an! intellectual s'ills& + was then !eploye! to (u'uni Small Scale 6arms in
(anicalan! for !ata collection& + spen! two wee's %isitin* an! con!uctin* inter%iews
on selecte! househol!s liste! in the master sample& + collecte! the !ata asin* on the
e/uality of the linear e/uation1 Pro7)tion F Tota$ Sa$es G Retentions&
Data )o7ing an7 e7iting
The co!in* an! e!itin* in%ol%es chec'in* for the completeness of geo )o7e that
inclu!es +ro(in)e& 7istri)t& -ar7& se)tor& farm nm0er& +$ot ho$7er nm0er& !ear&
natra$ region an7 re)or7 t!+e3 ?e also chec'e! for the correctness of crop co!es
an! also %erifyin* on the e/uality of the linear e/uation1 Pro7)tion F Tota$ Sa$es G
Retentions& 8ro!uction in this context refers to the total output pro!uce!1 which is the
total /uantity har%este! y a farmer !urin* a particular farmin* season& Total sales are
the summation of sales to mar'etin* oar!s li'e the >rain (ar'etin* Boar!1 Cotton
Company of 7imawe an! Toacco +n!ustries (ar'etin* Boar! an! other sales that
inclu!e arter tra!e1 sales within the community an! !onations& This was !one to
ma'e the !ata complete an! consistent so that there woul! e minimum /ueries when
capturin* the !ata&
Data )a+tring
+ was also in%ol%e! in !ata capturin* for the 8ost $ar%est Sur%ey usin* CSpro !ata
entry an! this *reatly impro%e! my 'eyoar! s'ills&
94
Data )$eaning an7 7ata +ro)essing
Capture! !ata is then cleane! for resi!ual errors usin* Statistical Application Software
(SAS) for each sector for example communal1 ol! resettlement schemes1 A11 A-1
small scale commercial farms an! lar*e scale commercial farms separately& #ata
cleanin* process in%ol%es chec'in* for hi*h or low yiel!s an! also area plante! an!
pro!uction reape! shoul! e positi%ely correlate!& The !ata processin* is normally
!one y pro*rammers fortunately + ha! to wor' with them an! this enale! me to
ha%e a si*ht on how the tales are pro!uce!& After compilin* of each sectorAs tale we
then sum the total mai.e pro!uction in 7imawe for -443 farmin* season that was
1484 metric tonnes&
S!stemati) se$e)tion of the EAs
The 5As were selecte! from the 7(S9- in a systematic manner1 with e/ual
proaility1 an! in!epen!ently in each stratum1 after the 5As were or!ere! accor!in*
to the or!er of selection of the 7(S9-&
The selection inter%al is calculate! as follows0
+
h
E h
A


h
a
where Ah is the numer of 5As that existe! in the 7(S9- for the h
th
stratum1 an! a
h
is
the numer of 5As selecte! y the 7#$S&
The samplin* proailities were calculate! separately for each samplin* sta*e an! for
each stratum& The followin* notations were use!0
8
1hi
is the samplin* proaility for the i
th
5A in the h
th
stratum accor!in* to the 7(S9-
8
-hi
is the samplin* proaility for the i
th
5A in the h
th
stratum for 7#$S
8
9hi
is the samplin* proaility for the househol! in the i
th
5A of the h
th
stratum&
8
1hi
is calculate! as follows0
hi
P
1
E hi h
A
1
&

hi

1
91
where A
h
is the numer of 5As selecte! in the 7(S9- h
th
stratum1 (
1hi
is the numer
of househol!s in the i
th
5A accor!in* to the 199- 8opulation Census1 an! N(
1hi
is the
numer of househol!s in the h
th
stratum accor!in* to the 199- 8opulation Census&
8
-hi
is the in%erse of the 5A selecte! inter%alJ
hi
P
-
E h
a

h
A
+n or!er for the sample to e self2wei*hte! within each stratum1 the stratum o%erall
proaility f
h
E 8
1hi
& 8
-hi
& 8
9hi
must e the same for each househol! in the sample that
is1
hi
P
9
E
h
f
with f
h
E h
n

hi hi
P P
- 1
&

h
N
?here
h
n
is the numer of househol!s selecte! in the h
th
stratum an! <
h
is the
proCecte! numer of househol!s in 1994 for the h
th
stratum&
The selection of househol!s was systematic with e/ual proailities1 an! the
househol! samplin* inter%al +
hi
in the i
th
5a of the h
th
stratum was calculate! as
hi
I
E I

hi h
P !
9
&
?here O
h
is the correction factor in the h
th
stratum to correct for the fact that the
7(S9- o%er sample! the uran areas& 6or each 5a1 a list of househol!s was otaine!
from the 7#$S prior to the main sur%ey fiel!wor'&&
Sam+$ing Errors
?hether or not a sample will *i%e results which are sufficiently representati%e of the
whole a**re*ate !epen!s primarily on whether the errors intro!uce! y the samplin*
process are sufficiently small not to in%ali!ate the results for the purposes for which
they are re/uire!& 5%en if a proper process of selection is employe!1 the sample can
not e exactly representati%e of the whole a**re*ate& The ine%itale errors which then
occur in the results are terme! the ran!om samplin* errors of the results& The a%era*e
ma*nitu!e of these ran!om samplin* errors will !epen! on the si.e of the sample1 on
the %ariaility of the material1 on the samplin* proce!ure a!opte!1 an! on the way in
which the results are calculate!&
9-
+f a proper process of selection is a!opte!1 the a%era*e ma*nitu!e of the ran!om
samplin* errors1 an! in !ee! the expecte! fre/uency of occurrence of errors of any
ma*nitu!e1 can e calculate! from the !etaile! results otaine! from the actual
sample& An extension of the analysis in%ol%e! in the calculation of these errors
enales the relati%e occurrence of !ifferent samplin* metho!s which can e employe!
on the same material to e assesse!1 an! thus enales further sur%eys to e more
efficiently planne!&
Samplin* errors inclu!e non2response1 call2ac's an! the !esi*n effect& The
ma*nitu!e of samplin* error is !etermine! y sample si.e1 samplin* !esi*n1 estimator
an! nature of the population&
The ma*nitu!e of samplin* error is in%ersely proportional to si.e of sample
5rror
6i* +
Sample si.e
The samplin* error will e estimate! y the stan!ar! error
) Non>sam+$ing errors
These are systematic errors much arises in sur%eys at !ata collection phase causes are0
2 #efects in the samplin* frame sue to improper !efinition of samplin* units1
listin* or mappin*&
2 5numerator an! super%isors lapses&
2 "esponse errors1 respon!ents lapse an! faulty metho!s of measurement
2 5rrors !ue to non2response&
2 Conceptual an! !efinitional prolems
CHAPTER 1H
99
A++$i)ation of $earnt s.i$$s
Short Resear)h ProCe)t
A< A<A=DS+S O6 6=L52CL"5# TOBACCO +< 7+(B?AB?5 6"O( 19,12
-44)
Intro7)tion
A*riculture plays a %ital role in the 7imawean economy an! toacco is one of the
most *rown cash crop& 7imawe is the lar*est pro!ucer of leaf toacco in Africa an!
the worl!As fourth lar*est pro!ucer of flue cure! toacco& Toacco pro!uction ma'es
an important contriution to the <ational >ross #omestic 8ro!uct (>#8) an! in
*eneratin* forei*n currency thus it plays a maCor role in the national economy& The
crop accounts for more than )4P of a*ricultural exports an! !ue to chan*es in
policies that *o%ern a*riculture pro!uction1 therefore the nee! to ma'e a comparison
of the %olume of toacco sales114444'*s1 area114ha1 yiel! ('*Bha) an! a%era*e price
(.wcB'*) in 7imawe as from 19,12-44)&
Statement of Resear)h9
The research aims to estalish the %olume of flue2cure! toacco sales in 7imawe
from 19,12-44) y in%esti*atin* the relationship etween area plante!1 yiel! an!
a%era*e price
:stifi)ation of resear)h
This stu!y will pro%i!e a!e/uate information to the *o%ernment an! other parastatals
when forecastin* toacco exports an! the amount of re%enue that may e *enerate!
throu*h sales& +t also pro%i!es the rationale ehin! an increase or !ecrease in toacco
pro!uction& The research also inten!s to propose ways throu*h which pro!uction of
toacco can e increase! throu*h the moti%ation of farmers to !eli%er total
commitment in the pro!uction of toacco&
(+< 8"O:5CT
O0Ce)ti(es
94
a) To in%esti*ate if there is lon* run relationship etween three %ariales1 toacco
sales1 area plante! an! yiel!Bha&
) To ma'e forecast of expecte! sales from 199,2-448&
c) To fin! out if chan*es in a%era*e price1 are plante! an! yiel! are of any si*nificant
to %olume of toacco sales&
!) To !etermine a mo!el on the mass sol! ('*)1 area (ha)1 yiel! ('*Bha) an! a%era*e
price an! carry out hypothesis testin*&
#iteratre Re(ie-
"esearches of this nature ha%e een carrie! out y research oar!s li'e To0a))o
In7str! an7 'ar.eting Boar7 *TI'B,3 They were mostly experiments an!
analysis of the correspon!in* results& (ost of these experiments were !one to
!etermine the amount or type of fertili.er an! amount of water re/uire! y the crop in
a particular area& Accor!in* to their fin!in*s !ifferent le%els of fertilisers applie! to
toacco with the help of *oo! rains1 soil types1 time of transplantin* the see!lin*s to
the fiel! an! pestici!es applie! can oost toacco yiel!s& This analysis will allow me
to fin! the main !eterminants of flue cure! toacco pro!uction in lar*e commercial
farms& A similar research was !oneJ @Statistical Analysis of the 8ro!uction of mai.e in
7imawe3*8im0a0-e Farmers De(e$o+ment Organisation& 8FDO&"HH1 Anna$
Re+ort,3 $owe%er1 this stu!y was focusin* on the causes of %ariations in pro!uction
for mai.e in the commercial farms of 7imawe (A-1 SSC6 an! =SC6)& The research
went on to show that the type of see! plante! contriutes to /uantity har%este!& +n my
analysis + assume! that pro!uction is e/ui%alent to sales an! there are no retentions on
toacco unli'e in the case of mai.e where there are retentions for family consumption&
Accor!in* to TI'B Anna$ Re+ort "HH<1 7imawe is one of the maCor pro!ucer
an! exporter of toacco in the worl!& +n 199321998 a%era*e annual exports of toacco
were 1-,44 tonnes of which flue2cure! accounts for more than 9)P& Total exports of
toacco increase! y 44P etween 198121989 an! 199321998& +ncrease in oth area
plante!1 yiel!s an! a%era*e price has contriute! a si*nificant increase in %olume of
sales of toacco o%er the past !eca!e&
(+< 8"O:5CT
Sor)es of 7ata an7 its $imitations9
9)
The !ata use! in this proCect is from the Muarterly Tales (19,12-44)) that are
pro!uce! y the Toacco +n!ustries (ar'etin* Boar! (T+(B) in conCunction with
Central Statistical Office A*riculture Statistics Section& The !ata is of hi*h /uality
since the staff responsile for its collection an! processin* is hi*hly professional&
'etho7o$og!
+n my analysis + am *oin* to use secon!ary !ata from T+(B Annual "eport -44)1
toacco pro!uction 19,12-44)
a) Time Series Analysis
+ am *oin* to capture the a%ailale !ata set for flue cure! toacco
19,12-44) usin* excel an! then plot the series tren! in excel to
!etermine the *eneral tren! of flue cure! toacco sales o%er the years&
#ifference !ata on %olume of sales to ma'e it stationary& ( (inta)
8lottin* the AC6 an! 8AC6&
(a'in* forecast usin* the fitte! mo!el&
) "e*ression Analysis
8lot scatter plots for area1 yiel! an! price an! their contriution to
%olume of toacco sales&
8ost my !ata to S8SS an! otain the *eneral linear e/uation usin*
re*ression analysis0 D t E Q4 R Q1G1 R Q-G- R Q9G9 R S
i

where

D t E %olume of mass sol! in 14444'*s1 G1 E area114ha
1
G- E yiel!('*Bha) 1 G9 Ea%era*e price(.wcB'*) an! S
i
is the ran!om error term
(o!el !ia*nostics T test on mo!el specification usin* the #urin T?atson
an! r
-
$ypothesis testin*J
$
4
0 Q
1
E Q
-
E UE Q
'
E 4
%s
$10 Q
C
V 4 for at least one
C
Otain resi!ual plots an! test for mo!el fitness&
Come up with conclusions an! recommen!ations&
(+< 8"O:5CT
93
Assm+tions
<ormality the S
i
is normally !istriute!
7ero mean0 5(S
i
)E 4
$omosce!astisticty0 %ar (S
i
) E W
-
<o autocorrelation0 co% (S
i 1
S
C
)E 4 i V C
Summarily1 the ran!om error term S
i
is normally an! i!entically !istriute! with
mean .ero an! constant %ariance W
-
S
+
X <(41 W
-
)
(+< 8"O:5CT
9,
Year Mass sold in Area ,10ha yied (kg/ha) average price
1444'*s
1971 5,987 41 41 !"!4
187# !,089 4455 4455 49"19
197 !,798 45#0 45#0 54"!#
1974 7,1!0 5!5! 5!5! 78"#9
1975 8,9# !58 !58 !8"8
197! 11,05 !!#9 !!#9 !8"8
1977 8,7 5!99 5!99 7"#7
1978 8,#97 5494 5494 98"8
1979 11,1!9 59! 59! 8#"9
1980 1#,#57 !41 !41 79"49
1981 !,7! 810 810 18"7!
198# 8,99 4!4 4!4 1!7"#
198 9,40 4!!# 4!!# 188"55
1984 11,9!4 5049 5049 #0!"5!
1985 10,55! 5#4! 5#4! #!8"48
198! 11,40 575 575 1"8
1987 1#,800 !54 !54 #17"9
1988 11,991 5918 5918 9"48
1989 1#,99! 57!! 57!! 4#9"7#
1990 1,87 594 594 !48"54
1991 17,015 !!9 !!9 1157"#9
199# #0,11! 8007 8007 810"9
199 #1,87 8#90 8#90 80#"!#
1994 1!,9## !74# !74# 180"9
1995 19,875 7455 7455 180"!1
199! #0,155 81# 81# #901"91
1997 18,154 90! 90! #900"7!
1998 #1,591 9191 9191 474"#5
1999 19,#15 847! 847! !!#"#7
#000 #,!95 848! 848! 811"#!
#001 #0,#54 7!0# 7!0# 174!4"4!
#00# 17,584 740 740 59#5"11
#00 8,181 4957 4957 18014
#004 !,890 440 440 8!14
#005 7,8 5797 5797 ##710"#!
(+< 8"O:5CT
98
O0Ce)ti(e *a, To in(estigate if there is $ong rn re$ationshi+ 0et-een three
(aria0$es& to0a))o sa$es& area +$ante7 an7 a(erage +ri)e3
Figre 131 Time Series +$ot for to0a))o sa$es& area +$ante7 an7 !ie$76ha
There is a stron* an! lon* run relationship etween toacco sales1 area plante! an!
a%era*e yiel! per hectare1 as shown y Figre 1&13 The years 19,121999 saw toacco
pro!uction pro*ressin* positi%ely with some !ecreases in198- an! 199- proaly !ue
to the pre%alence of !rau*ht& #urin* the same perio!19,121999 there was a positi%e
increase in area that resulte! in low yiel! increase rate causin* low yiel!s& +t can e
clearly shown that in -441 toacco sales an! area plante! ha! een si*nificantly *oin*
!own& This coul! e a result of the accelerate! lan! reform1 which has ta'en lan!
from the lar*e2scale commercial farms to other sectors i&e& the A1 an! A- farms& 6rom
-44- 2-44) the lan! was now owne! y new farmers who are not technolo*ically
a!%ance! in the farmin* in!ustry& The occurrence of cyclones li'e 5line1 :aphet an!
$ama!a in -444 an! onwar!s also cause! the pro!uction of the *ol!en leaf to remain
relati%ely low e%en thou*h there was a si*nificant increase in area plante! the
cyclones !isture! the yiel!s&
Figre 13" P$ot of to0a))o sa$es first 7ifferen)e
99
The tren! shown y 6i*ure 1&1 implies that the first !ifferencin* of toacco
pro!uction is nearly stationaryJ resultin* in the conclusion that pro!uction is
inte*rate! of or!er one1 ut -449 ha! the hi*hest outlier since lan! was re!istriute!
an! the newly resettle! people ha! no a!%ance! farmin* machinery an! forex to uy
pestici!es for toacco treatment& This was then use! to initially specify the possile
mo!el y loo'in* at the AC6 an! the 8AC6 plots&
(+< 8"O:5CT
44
8 7 ! 5 4 # 1
1"0
0"8
0"!
0"4
0"#
0"0
$0"#
$0"4
$0"!
$0"8
$1"0
A
%
&
o
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
&
i
o
n
'() * +orr 'ag '() * +orr 'ag
#"48
#"47
#"07
1"74
1"70
1"#1
0"44
0"#0 $0"08
0"5#
$0"49
$0"17
0"!#
$0"80
0"4!
$0"4 $0"0#
0"09
$0"09
$0"0
0"11
$0"14
0"08
$0"07 8
7
!
5
4

#
1
A+, -or di--erenced sales
8 7 ! 5 4 # 1
1"0
0"8
0"!
0"4
0"#
0"0
$0"#
$0"4
$0"!
$0"8
$1"0
.
a
r
&
i
a
l

A
%
&
o
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
&
i
o
n
* .A+ 'ag * .A+ 'ag
$0"04
0"!9
$0"7#
$0"00
0"5#
$0"7!
0"4
$0"4 $0"01
0"1#
$0"1#
$0"00
0"09
$0"1
0"07
$0"07 8
7
!
5
4

#
1
.A+, -or /di-erenced sales
The mo!el i!entifie! is an A"+(A mo!el ecause it has een !ifference! once an! it
contains a (A(1) an! A"(-) process& This mo!el is an A"+(A (-11) !efine! y 7
t
E
4&9)7
t21
T 4&447
t2-
R at R4&94a
t2)
(+< 8"O:5CT
O0Ce)ti(e *B,9 To ma.e fore)ast of e/+e)te7 sa$es from 1DD@>"HHB
41
Single Exponential Smoothing of Tobacco Sales
Ac&%al
.redic&ed
Ac&%al
.redic&ed
0 5 10 15 #0 #5 0 5
!
11
1!
#1
M
a
s
s

s
o
l
d

i
n
*i0e
10oo&hing +ons&an&
Alpha2
MA.32
MA/2
M1/2
0"95
18"0190
#"1##
8"0745
1ingle 34ponen&ial 10oo&hing
Figre 131 shows that all points !o not !e%iate much from the line of perfect forecast&
Since the points of pre!icte! %alues !o not fall away from actual %alues therefore we
can conclu!e that the mo!el suits the !ata well i&e& it has een correctly specifie! an!
can e use! for forecastin* purposes&
Fig 134 Tren7 Ana$!sis of To0a))o Sa$es
Ac&%al
,i&s
Ac&%al
,i&s
0 5 10 15 #0 #5 0 5
5
15
#5
M
a
s
s

s
o
l
d

i
n
*i0e
Y& 5 7"#1507 6 0"#0747&
MA.32
MA/2
M1/2
#8"0115
"01#
18"07#
*rend analysis o- &o88acco sales
'inear *rend Model
(+< 8"O:5CT
Trend Analysis
Fitted Trend Equation
Yt = 7.21507 + 0.320734*t
Row Period Forecast actua
4-
1 1!!2 15."53! 20.11#
2 1!!3 1#.311! 21."37
3 1!!4 1#.7700 1#.!22
4 1!!5 17.22"0 1!."75
5 1!!# 17.#"#1 20.155
# 1!!7 1".1441 1".154
7 1!!" 1".#022 21.5!1
" 1!!! 1!.0#02 1!.215
! 200 1!.51"3 23.#!5
10 2001 1!.!7#3 20.254
11 2002 20.4344 17.5"4
12 2003 20."!24 ".1"1
13 2004 21.3505 #."!0
14 2005 21."0"5 7.33"
15 200# 22.2###
>enerally the ao%e tren! seeme! to e a *oo! pre!ictor of the response %ariale y
(toacco sales) as shown y the estimate! %alues1 which are within the 9)P
confi!ence inter%al thou*h we ha%e a few estimates1 which are much *reater than or
less than the actual %alues an! the estimates&
(+<+ 8"O:5CT
e) O0Ce)ti(e *C,9 To test if )hanges in a(erage +ri)e& are +$ante7 an7 !ie$7 are of
an! signifi)an)e to (o$me of to0a))o sa$es3
49
1 6i* -&1
The chart shows that
there is a stron* linear
relationship etween area
plante! an! %olume of
toacco sales& An
increase in area plante!
will result in an increase
in pro!uction&
6i* -&-
The chart shows
that yiel!
contriutes
si*nificantly to
%olume of sales&
6i* -&9
This fi* shows that chan*es in a%era*e toacco price !oes not affect the %olume of
sales since toacco is a cash crop1 there are no retantions1 all that is pro!uce! is sol!&
(+< 8"O:5CT "449441-
O0Ce)ti(e *D,9 To 7etermine a mo7e$ on the mass so$7 *.g,& area *ha,& !ie$7
*.g6ha, an7 a(erage +ri)e an7 )arr! ot h!+othesis testing3
44
(o!el Lnstan!ar!i.e! Coefficients
Stan!ar!i.e!
Coefficients t Si*&
B St!& 5rror Beta
1 (Constant) 219&9)9 4&)88 2--&,13 4&444
Area114 ha 4&44- 4&444 4&)3) -4&819 4&444
yiel! in
'*Bha
4&44, 4&444 4&)43 -4&9)- 4&444
a%era*e
price
7wcB'*
4&444 4&444 4&4-3 1&19, 4&-41
a #epen!ent Kariale0 mass sol! in 14444 '*s
(!el Specification
D
t
E Q
4
R Q
1
G
1
R Q
-
G
-
R Q
9
G
9
R S
i
(ass sol! in 14 444'*sE 219&9)9 R4&)3) area114 ha R4&)43yiel!('*Bha) R 4&4-3
a%era*e price(.wcB'*)
'o7e$ Smmar!
(o!el " " S/uare
A!Custe!
"S/uare
St!& 5rror of
the 5stimate #urin2?atson
1 4&999 4&983 4&98) 4&3,--1 1&933
a 8re!ictors0 (Constant)1 a%era*e price 7?CB'*1 yiel! in '*Bha1 area114 ha
#epen!ent Kariale0 mass sol! in 14444 '*s
(+< 8"O:5CT
(o!el !ia*onistics
#urin T ?atson statistic is 1&933 (closer to -) meanin* the mo!el is correctly
specifie!& The mo!el summary in!icates that 98&)P of the !epen!ent %ariale (mass
sol!) is affecte! y chan*es in the explanatory %ariales& +t implies that the pre!ictors
of mas sol! accounts for most of the oser%e! %ariations in y&
4)
$ypothesis Testin*
$
4
0 Q
1
E Q
-
E UE Q
'
E 4
Ks
$10 Q
C
V 4 for at least one
C
A<OKA
(o!el
Sum of
S/uares !f
(ean
S/uare 6 Si*&
1 "e*ressi
on
1444&939 9 994&988 ,41&99, 4&444
"esi!ual 14&448 91 4&4)-
Total 1418&9,1 94
a 8re!ictors0 (Constant)1 a%era*e price 7?CB'*1 yiel! in '*Bha1 area1 14 ha
#epen!ent Kariale0 mass sol! in 14444 '*s
Con)$sion
The test statistic 6
(9 1 91)
4&4) E -&9- which is smaller than 6
cal
E ,41&99,& Since
6
cal
Y 6
ta
we reCect the null hypothesis an! conclu!e that one of the !eterminants of
toacco which inclu!es a%era*e price1 yiel! an! area contriutes si*nificantly to the
%olume of toacco sales&
(+< 8"O:5CT
Resi7a$ Ana$!sis
43
$# $1 0 1 # R e gr es s io nS t an d ar di ze d Re s id ua l 0#4!8101#
FrequencyMe an 5 #"9 3$ 15 1&d "/ ev "5 0" 95 5 95 5
D ep e nd e n tV a ri ab le !as s s ol d in " ## # # $g s % & is to g ra m
6i* -&4
6i* -&4 shows that the resi!uals are approximately normally !istriute!1 almost
resemles the ell shape of the normal !istriution
+n 6i* -&) elow a plot of normal scores a*ainst the resi!uals was pro!uce!J the
proaility plot is !oes not !e%iate much from the line of est fit implyin* that the
normality assumption hol!s&
4,
(+<
8"O:5CT
6i* -&)
Re)ommen7ations to the Fin7ings
6rom the analysis ao%e1 in or!er to increase the %olume of toacco sales + su**est
that the *o%ernment shoul! increase area for the pro!uction of toacco1 for instance a
14P increase in area will result in positi%e increase in sales an! this will result in
ha%in* more to export an! thus *enerate more re%enue& The 99 year leases *rante! to
farmers y the *o%ernment will pro%i!e a security of tenure to the farmers an! this
will result in full participation an! commitment in a*riculture acti%ities y %arious
farmers thus oostin* pro!uction& +n a!!ition to this the central an' ("B7)1 =an!
an' (A*rian') an! the Toacco +n!ustries (ar'etin* Boar! (T+(B) shoul! liaise
to*ether in pro%in* cre!it loans& The >o%ernment shoul! ma'e policies which ma'e
the a*ricultural in!ustry the most attracti%e %enture to encoura*e the financial sector
to pour more resources into a*riculture in an attempt to resuscitate the fortunes of the
economy1 which is a*ricultural !ri%en&
48
0 "0 0"# 0 "4 0"! 0 "8 1"0 'bs er ( ed ) um * ro b 0"00"#0"40"!0"81"0
Expected )um *rob
D e pe n d en t Va r ia bl e !a ss s o ld in "# # ## $ g s% + o rma l * ,* * lo t of R eg r es s io n S ta nd a rd i ze d R es id u al
Re)ommen7ations to the C3S3O Organisation
The nee7 for mainstreaming .e! sta.eho$7ers
The process of !esi*nin* the Act an! the <#SS shoul! e such as to mainstream 'ey
sta'ehol!ers in the <ational Statistical System in the process so that they can play
more acti%e upstream roles in the !e%elopment of national statistics
The nee7 to )reate greater statisti)a$ a-areness
Statistical awareness or numeracy in society1 %i.& ha%in* a feel for numers1 an
appreciation of appropriate le%els of accuracy1 the ma'in* of sensile estimates1 an
inferential approach to the use of !ata in supportin* a %ariety of interpretations of
fi*ures an! the Cu!icious un!erstan!in* of wi!ely use! concepts such as means an!
percenta*es is low&
+n or!er to *enerate *reater statistical awareness in the country1 the CSO will ha%e to
uil! more effecti%e machinery for pulic relations1 a!%ocacy for statistics an!
mar'etin*& Amon* other thin*s1 it also nee! to0
8romote use of statistics in macro2economic mana*ement an! especially in
ensurin* economic staility an! *rowth&
#emonstrate the use of statistical !ata for !ecision ma'in* at sectoral le%el y
presentin* examples of how policy2 ma'ers can use a%ailale !ata from a
ran*e of sources to impro%e oth policy an! !ay to !ay mana*ement&
&The nee7 to )ater for r0an farming
The sample of the Central Statistical Office !o not ta'e into co*nisance of uran
farmin*1 to2!ate uran farmin* is pro*ressi%ely performin* well than farmin* from
the rural setup& This in turn in!uce some ias in the estimation of national fi*ures1 +
therefore su**est that if uran farmin* is inclu!e! in the A*riculture an! =i%estoc'
Sur%ey will reflect a true picture of the pro*ress of a*riculture in 7imawe&
49
Re)ommen7ations to the Uni(ersit!
There is nee! for the wor'2relate! learnin* !epartment to liaise more with in!ustry in
sourcin* placements for stu!ents *oin* for wor'2relate! learnin* &The uni%ersity can
!o this y estalishin* an +n!ustrial =iaison office whose sole responsiility is to
source for places of attachment for stu!ents prior to the perio! of commencement&
This has to e so as it is rather !ifficult to secure a place for attachment purposes&
The uni%ersity nee!s to source more computers for the !epartment in or!er to create
practical 'nowle!*e of the statistical softwareAs such as (inita1 SAS1 S8SS1 5xcel
an! 5%iews to stu!ents prior *oin* for attachment since these pac'a*es are %ery
helpful in the compilation of proCects& + also note! that most cases1 the stu!ents spent
most of their time carryin* out sur%eys an! + su**est if possile for the !epartment to
offer a mo!ule on Sur%eyin* Techni/ues for the secon! year stu!ents&
)4
Con)$sion
+ mana*e! to settle !own with much ease at the Central Statistical Office an!
experience *aine! is worth the stay at the or*ani.ation& + now ha%e 'nowle!*e aout
the statistical fiel! an! my future carrier is to e ase! on this informe! !ecision& +
experience! the nee! for wor'2relate! learnin* !urin* the thir! year& #urin* the
perio! + notice! that the CSO en!ea%ours to ensure that %arious statistical operations
are contacte! in the est interests of the pulic an! that they ser%e practical purposes
an! was not merely of an aca!emic nature thou*h statistical practice on the *roun!
follows a lamentale traCectory corro!in* this nole i!eal& +t has een a pleasure for
me to attain numerous s'ills an! contemporaries !urin* the perio! of my wor'2relate!
learnin* perio! at this won!erful or*ani.ation&
There are a lot of theories that + foun! myself constantly referrin* to with what +
learnt in "e*ression an! Analysis of Kariance1 8roaility Theory1 Applie! Statistics1
Statistical +nference 1 an! #esi*n an! Analysis of 5xperiments an! <umerical
(etho!s& + was in a etter position to /uic'ly a!opt to the statistical processes an!
techni/ues applie! here at the CSO such as the metho!s use! for !ata collection& + was
ale to /uic'ly appreciate all the !ifferent statistical pac'a*es an! !ata entry systems
we use1 such as the CS8ro an! the S8SS1 for compilin* an! interpretin* !ata& + was
also pri%ile*e! to ha%e han!s on experience at this or*ani.ation for it is really a
mathematical en%ironment an! rele%ant to my !e*ree pro*ram&
)1
Re>entr!
The wor' relate! learnin* year has *reatly transforme! me1 + am a orn a*ain in terms
of my aca!emic an! personal nee!s& $a%in* spent a year of wor' relate! learnin* at
CSO1 + was well *eare! with 'nowle!*e an! personal s'ills which are useful an!
necessary !urin* my re2entry to the institution an! to the in!ustry after completin* my
pro*ramme& (y re2entry in oth the aca!emic area an! the in!ustry is *oin* to ha%e
an enormous chan*e on my eha%iour1 attitu!e an! also socially&
As + re2enter for my final year with a !ifferent perspecti%e aout my life since this
perio! ma!e me achie%e a *oo! sense of !irection an! + ha%e also *aine! 'ey s'ills to
help me tac'le real life prolems & +n my final year the emphasis will e on settin* a
asis for !i%ersification in other areas of specialisation& The areas that stri'e my min!
are the actuarial fiel!1 in%estment analysis an! pension mana*ement in conCunction
with the <ational Statistical System in or!er to help me cope with my future !reams
in applyin* mathematical tools in analysis& After spen!in* two years at uni%ersity1 +
ac/uire! enou*h theory an! now after completin* my wor'2relate! learnin*1 + now
ha%e a clear insi*ht of what awaits me in real life in my fiel! of stu!y& + now 'now
that nothin* soli!ifies learnin* li'e experience1 the wor' relate! learnin* perio! ma!e
me un!erstan! the worl! of in!ustry an! commerce&
(y wor'in* experience will help me to maintain professionalism in all my wor'& All
the wor' that + will !o !urin* my final year will e up to the re/uire! stan!ar!s of
perfection an! accuracy& + will ha%e etter research metho!s1 s'ills an! techni/ues
since the Central Statistical Office re/uires /uality control to e carrie! out in or!er to
otain hi*h !ata /uality for e%i!ence2ase! !ecision ma'in*& This will increase my
'nowle!*e le%els since + will apply these s'ills in my wor'&
)-
=oo'in* at the s'ills ac/uire! !urin* this perio!1 + will re2enter my final year as a
stu!ent with more capailities& One of the most important capailities is in the area of
research& 8re%iously1 researchin* at colle*e has een 'ept at minimum le%el !ue to
ina!e/uate resources& But C&S&O& has showe! me a !ifferent !imension of how an
efficient research is carrie! out& This is *oin* to e an a!!e! a!%anta*e as + am
re/uire! to present a proCect on a suCect that + woul! ha%e researche! in my forth
year& 8resentation of the research is another aspect of my capailities& + ha! the
opportunity to *o throu*h numerous research proCects at C&S&O& an! compare the way
these proCects are presente! thus !isco%erin* !ifferent ways of research presentation&
?or'in* for the Central Statistical Office showe! me that the consultancy fiel! is an
area where statisticians can still e use! primarily in sur%eys an! research& Thus + see
the nee! to expan! my 'nowle!*e on sur%ey techni/ues an! research techni/ues with
this i!ea in min!& As oppose! to my other years at Lni%ersity experience has shown
the enefit of interacti%e learnin* !urin* my final year& 5ssentially this means that
instea! of simply ein* recepti%e to lectures + woul! also nee! to communicate
su**estions that a!! %alue to my !e*ree an! enhance personal !e%elopment& This
also entails an increase in positi%e participation in Lni%ersity acti%itiesBassociations&
The attachment perio! has shown me that we are in!ee! lea%in* in the computer a*e
thus + nee! to stren*then my computer s'ills so as to e ale to fit into this !ynamic
era& Thus + woul! also nee! to inte*rate these computer s'ills learnt to wor' in a
statistical fiel!& As a final year stu!ent my main focus is the worl! outsi!e uni%ersity&
?ith this in min! + also ha%e to further my un!erstan!in* of mana*ement concepts&
These concepts will ensure my flexiility oth within or without the statistics fiel!&
6lexiility an! a!aptaility will also 'eep me areast of tren!s an! ensure personal
!e%elopment&
)9
5xperience has shown the nee! for a foun!ation in whate%er area& Thus in my final
year the emphasis will e settin* a asis for !i%ersification into areas of specialisation&
tentati%e areas + ha%e are the actuarial fiel!1 in%estment analysis1 insurance an!
pension mana*ement& The asis for these fiel!s can only e achie%e! y the content
of my !e*ree pro*ram& Thus in my final year extensi%e consultation with my lectures
on content will effecti%ely set a foun!ation for my !i%ersification& $a%in* wor'e! for
an estalishe! or*anisation + learnt the important of communication at all le%els&
Ta'in* this into consi!eration will enhance my learnin* process as + learnt to
communicate my nee!s1 respect for authority1 this time Lni%ersity authorities& These
communication s'ills will ensure a smooth an! harmoni.e! relationship at all le%els in
the uni%ersity& #urin* my attachment perio! + was constantly calle! upon to inno%ate
an! initiate in or!er to attain personalBor*ani.ational oCecti%e&
Thus in my final year of stu!y my learnin* process will e smoothe! y my own
initiati%e an! inno%ation as + see' personal !e%elopment& Also from the learne!
concepts in my final year + will see' to inno%ate an! initiate ways to apply my
'nowle!*e to in!ustry& The experience + ha! with the Central Statistical Office tau*ht
me to harmonise or*anisational an! personal *oals& Thus !urin* my final year of
stu!y + will e ale to harmonise my learnin* oCecti%es with my personal
!e%elopment& The final year of stu!y shoul! e a steppin*2stone for further stu!ies or
career paths& #urin* my in!ustrial attachment + ha! an insi*ht into the Co mar'et an!
%arious a%enues that are open to a *ra!uate with a mathematics ac'*roun!& Thus as
+ enter my final year of stu!y + foresee a further exploration into the %arious a%enues
open to me&
(y final year shoul! a!! %alue to uni%ersity throu*h recommen!ations on content&
for instance the +n%estment Analysis offere! y the 5conomics !epartment will
enhance my analysis s'ills an! also roa!en my a%enues for further
stu!iesBprofessionally !e%elopment& Conclusi%ely spea'in* as + re2enter uni%ersity for
my final year to a lar*e extent + am a !ifferent person with !ifferent nee!s an!
experience has tau*ht me that the learnin* process can only e a!%ance! throu*h
application of learne! concepts&

)4
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