Unit II

2 marks
1. Define Arithmetic Logic Unit.
Hardware that performs addition, subtraction and usually logical operations such as AND
and OR.

2. What is an Exception?
Exception also called as interrupt is an unscheduled event that disrupts program
execution and also used to detect overflow.

3. Illustrate the first multiplication algorithm using hardware with an Flow chart.

4. Illustrate a division algorithm using hardware with a Flow chart.

5. Define scientific notation.
A notation that renders numbers with a single digit to the left of the decimal point is
called scientific notation.

6. What is normalized number?
A number in scientific notation that has no leading 0s.
Example:
1.0 10
-9
Number not in scientific notation and not normalized,
1 10
-8
10.0 10
-10

7. Define floating point arithmetic number.
Computer arithmetic that represents numbers in which the binary point is not fixed.
In binarythe form of floating point number is
1.xxxxxxxxx
two
2
yyyy

8. What is fraction in floating point numbers?
The value between 0 and 1, placed in the fraction field. The fraction is also called the
mantissa.
(-1
)S
F 2
E

9. Define exponent in floating point numbers.
In the numerical representation system of floating point arithmetic, the value that is
placed in the exponent.
(-1
)S
F 2
E
S- Sign bit
F- Fraction bit
E- Exponent bit

10. Define overflow in floating point arithmetic.
A situation in which a positive exponent becomes too large to fit in the exponent field, It
is said that an overflow in floating point arithmetic had occurred.

11. Define underflow in floating point arithmetic.
A situation in which a negative exponent becomes too large to fit in the exponent field.
It is said that an overflow in floating point arithmetic had occurred.

12. What is double precision and single precision in floating point.
A floating point value represented in two 32-bit words is called double precision and
which represented in a single 32 bit word is single precision.

13. Explain guard bits in floating point arithmetic.
The first of two extra bits kept on the right during intermediate calculations of floating
point numbers which is used to improve rounding accuracy.

14. Why rounding is done in floating point arithmetic?
Rounding method which make intermediate floating point result to fit the floating point
format. The goal is typically to find the nearest number that can be represented in the
format.

15. Define ulp.
Units in the last place(ulp) is the number of bits in error in the least significant bits of
the significand between the actual number and the number that can be represented.

16. Explain sticky bit.
A bit used in rounding in addition to guard and round that is set whenever there are non
zero bits to the right of the round bit.

17. Explain fused multiply add.
A floating point instruction that performs both a multiply and an add, but rounds only
once after the add.


PART B QUESTION BANK
UNIT 1
1) Explain the eight ideas for Computer Architects.
2) Explain in detail the components of a computer.
3) Explain Performance in detail.
4) Explain in detail about the operations and operands of computer hardware.
5) Explain logical and control operations.
6) Explain the various addressing modes with examples.
UNIT 2
1) Explain addition and subtraction in ALU.
2) Explain a simple Multiplication algorithm.
3) Explain the sequential Multiplication Algorithm with an example and its Hardware design.
4) Explain signed and fast multiplication.
5) Explain Division Algorithm with an example.
6) Explain Signed and Fast Division Algorithm with an example.
7) Explain Floating point representation in detail with examples.
8) Explain Floating point addition algorithm with an example and block diagram.
9) Explain Floating point multiplication algorithm with an example.