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Bio 130 Exam 1 Name .

Bio 130: Exam 1


February 18, 2011
There are 32 questions on this exam, distributed over 12 pages (questions are on both sides of the paper). Make sure
you have each page, and write your name on each page. Only answers written in provided spaces will be graded.
Only exams taken in pen are eligible for re-grades.
If you must leave the lecture hall during the exam, you must leave your exam with a proctor.
For all questions, give the BEST answer. Follow the directions exactly and watch your time this is a 50-
minute test.
Page Score
2 out of 14 points
3 out of 12 points
4 out of 12 points
5 out of 9 points
6 out of 6 points
7 out of 5 points
8 out of 4 points
9 out of 5 points
10 out of 4 points
11 out of 4 points
12 out of 6 points
Total
out of 81 points
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Bio 130 Exam 1 Name .
True/False Questions (1 point each): You must write true or false, do not write just t or f
True/False Question / Comment
1
False
The classical ethology comparative approach to studying animal behavior is based around
concepts such as classical and operant conditioning.
2
True
A nesting female goose will retrieve a cue ball as if it were an egg because egg retrieval is a
fixed action pattern.
3
True
Of the causes of evolution, only mutation and migration can increase allelic diversity in a
population.
4 True Studying phylogenies is characteristic of analysis at the ultimate level.
5 False (or
True)
In the scientific method, alternative hypotheses must be on different levels of analysis.
6
True
The allele present at a single locus can be used to predict the distance from the hive of a food
source at which a honeybee species will switch from the round dance to the waggle dance.
7 False Which bees in a hive heat-shield is determined primarily by genetics.
8
True
If you isolate a songbird from adult song during the sensitive period, they will never sing
properly
9
True
From the movie Trials of Life: Growing Up: Young female Florida Scrub Jays leave the nest
to find territories of their own after 1-2 years, while some young males stay behind and take
care of the young for years.
10
False
From the movie Trials of Life: Growing Up: Female eider ducks will try to fend off
predatory gulls only if they are attacking that specific ducks own chicks.
11
True
2M male rats (those with the highest levels of testosterone) are the most likely to provide
parental care
12
False
Ultra dominant male lizards benefit from higher testosterone levels, because they are
stronger, live longer, and mate with more females per season.
13 True One of the major costs of natal philopatry is inbreeding.
14
False
Kinesis is non-directional, and, therefore is no more likely to leave the organisms in a good
environment than a bad one.
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Bio 130 Exam 1 Name .
Multiple Choice Questions (3 points each): Circle the single best answer. If two letters are circled, you will
receive no points for the question.
15. A zookeeper once raised a young male bittern from the day it hatched. Once the bittern was mature, it was
paired with a female of its species, and they built a nest and mated however, whenever the zookeeper returned to
the enclosure, the male bittern would chase the female bittern off of the nest, and try to drive the zookeeper on to the
nest.
A Operant Conditioning
B Classical Conditioning
C Imprinting
D Artificial Selection
E Sexual selection
16. Which of the following is NOT considered an extended phenotype?
A A termites mound.
B A beavers dam.
C A spiders web.
D A fruit flys wings.
E A songbirds nest.
17. A storm that wipes out all of the food sources on an isolated island results in mass starvation for the local bird
species. Only the birds with the sharpest beaks, capable of cracking hard nuts that remained after other food sources
were destroyed, survive to reproduce. This is an example of
A Directional Selection
B Artificial Selection
C Stabilizing Selection
D Mutation
E Disruptive Selection
18.Which of the following is not one of Darwins conditions for inevitable evolution?
A Variation within a species
B Competition between individuals
C Differential reproductive success
D Geographic or temporal separation of populations
E Heritable traits
19. Which of the following is not a proximate level hypothesis for infanticide by male lions?
A A high testosterone level increases the lions aggressive behavior and decreases parental care.
B Killing the previous males offspring causes the lionesses to become sexually receptive sooner,
thus increasing the males reproductive success.
C The aggressive behavior is stimulated by the unfamiliar scent on the cubs.
D The male lions brain is organized in such a way that it causes them to display very high aggression.
E Overcrowding in the pride triggers the male to become infanticidal.
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Bio 130 Exam 1 Name .
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Bio 130 Exam 1 Name .
20. In the film, Evolution- Great Transformations, scientists found that the gene that codes for eyes in mice can also
induce eye development in flies. What are the implications of this finding?
A Eyes are an evolutionary important adaptation for land dwelling creatures.
B There are developmental genes, which produce the same product, that are conserved from the
common ancestor of mice and flies.
C Flies and mice must be close together on the phylogenetic tree of life due to their similar genetic
makeup.
D In both species, eyes were selected for at the super-individual level for the good of the population.
21. Newly-hatched cuckoos most likely:
A Learn chick behavior from their nest-mates
B Learn how to interact socially from their mother
C Learn songs from surrounding birds
D Learn social behavior from each other
E Are innately aggressive toward their nest-mates
22. Which of the following is the correct definition of polygeny?
A Many genes combine to contribute to a genotype.
B Multiple genes contribute to the formation of one phenotype.
C Multiple phenotypes can be attributed to one gene.
D Some genes are silent, so they dont necessarily affect the phenotype.
E Multiple genes combine to create multiple phenotypes.
23. In a microarray analysis, which groups of honey bee workers are likely to share a similar set of more highly
expressed genes which are associated with the performance of certain behaviors?
A Young nurses and young foragers.
B Old nurses and old foragers.
C Young nurses and old nurses.
D Young foragers and old foragers.
E Both A and B.
F Both C and D.
24.What is unusual about the influence of hormones on the mating behavior of Garter snakes?
A Elevated testosterone in male Garter snakes actually results in increased paternal behavior.
B Elevated testosterone in male Garter snakes actually results in a decrease in mating behavior.
C Elevated androgens trigger gamete development prior to mating.
D An elevation in androgen levels does not occur until after mating.
E The androgen cycle of Garter snakes is extremely well coordinated. All Garter snakes experience an
elevation in androgens to trigger the start of the mating season at the same time.
25. The beewolf orienting to its nest is an example of:
A Kinesis
B Taxis
C Compass navigation
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Bio 130 Exam 1 Name .
D Piloting
E True navigation
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Bio 130 Exam 1 Name .
Short Answer Questions : You must answer the question in the space provided words written outside of the
provided areas will not be graded.
26. Honeybees show about 15 degrees of error in the direction they indicate for a food
source using the waggle dance, but they show no such error when they are directing a
swarm towards a new nest site. Explain the adaptive significance of each. Finally, by
what process does the swarm decide on a new nest site. (6 points)
Food Source: The 15 degrees of error may facilitate the broader exploitation of resourses by new foragers.
Nest Site: Any error in this dance would (1) inhibit new scouts from examining the same potential nest site and (2)
may lead to some bees within the swarm not finding the correct site once the swarm has decided.
Process: The swarm decides based on scout dances. Once all dances are directed for the same site, that is, once a
concensus is formed, the swarm moves to the new territory.
27. What does this graph of the twin studies
discussed in class tell you about the effect of
environment and genetics on verbal ability?
Draw a norm of reaction graph for a trait that is
not affected by environment at all. Is this
common?
P-O = Parent - Offspring
DZ = Dizygotic twins
MZ = Monozygotic twins
(5 points)
Verbal ability: Verbal ability has a strong genetic component (see MZ adopted apart) and is additionally influenced
by shared environments (see MZ together).
Norm of reaction:
Is this common? Why or why not: No. Although some traits seem to be innate (e.g., the cuckoo chicks nestmate
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Bio 130 Exam 1 Name .
removal behavior), most phenotypes are influenced by both genetics and environment.
28. Please state the historical and non-historical definitions of adaptation and
provide an example of a hypothesis for each using vole mating behavior as an
example. (4 points)
Historical Definition: (1 pt) Evolution of a trait for a specific function: "for a character to be regarded as an
adaptation, it must be a derived character that evolved in response to a specific selective agent." (Harvey and Pagel,
1991)
Reasonable examples: (1 pt) The ancestors of prairie voles evolved monogamy in order to have biparental care.
Monogamy in prairie voles evolved so males could mate guard.
Non-historical Definition: (1 pt) Current effects of the trait on reproductive success: "An adaptation is a phenotypic
variant that results in the highest fitness among a specified set of variants in a given environment." (Reeve and
Sherman, 1993)
Reasonable examples: (1 pt) Monogamous prairie voles have higher fitness due to their ability to mate-guard.
29. Hybridization studies are often used to examine the influence of genes on behavior.
Please describe the outcome of the experiment when nest-building behavior was
examined for Agapornis personata, Agapornis roseicollis, and a hybrid of the two.
Given the outcome, would you expect an increased or decreased ability to discriminate
species in areas where these two species of lovebird overlap? Please explain your
answer. (5 points)
1 pt: Hybrid exhibited both parental behaviors
1 pt: One species collected nest materials in its beak.
1 pt: One species collects nest materials by tucking them in its feathers.
Full 2 pts: for just about any answer, provided that it was logically selfconsistent and answered the question. Best
answer was Fitness cost of producing hybrids will select for strong conspecific recognition. (Increased, due to
ability of the birds to recognize each other because of different expressed behavioral phenotype was accepted as a
valid way to answer the question.)
Only 1 pt: for answer which included some correct elements, but also either showed a misunderstanding of a key
behavioral concept that had been covered in class, or which contradicted another part of the answer.
0 pts: for answer which was not at all self-consistent, or which did not answer any reasonable interpretation of the
question.
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Bio 130 Exam 1 Name .
30. Name and describe three hazards experienced by migrating birds, with at least
one of these hazards being a manmade one. Finally, name and describe one
advantage that might explain why they take these risks. (4 points)
Hazards (1 pt per reasonable hazard, up to 2 for natural hazards, plus 1 for a man-made hazard)
Natural hazards: Climate changes, Drought, Food Supply, Predators, Physical demands of migration
Man-made hazards: Barriers (fences, dams, & skyscrapers), Water, aircraft, & fishing practices
Benefits (1 pt)
Availability of critical resources at destination site (e.g., food, fresh water, longer day length, climate conditions)!
Conditional tactic: Subordinate individuals forced to leave home range because of distribution of habitat!
31. Define organizational and activational effects of hormones using steroid hormones
and song development in zebra finch as your example. Please be certain to describe
which hormones are acting at which stage. (4 points)
1 pt: Organizational definition is correct and mentions permanent or structural changes during development.
1 pt: Zebra finches utilize estrogen as an organizational hormone, which enlarges the parts of the brain needed for
birdsong. (Specifically mentioning HVC not necessary, but enlarged brain area related to song was needed for
full point.)
-0.5 pt: if the incorrect hormone was specified.
1 pt: Activational definition is correct and mentions transient or triggering nature of effect.
1 pt: Zebra finches who have developed with estrogen acting organizationally sing when testosterone is applied (and
dont really sing without it.)
-0.5 pt: if the incorrect hormone was specified.
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Bio 130 Exam 1 Name .
32. You are investigating the theory that juvenile hormone (JH) plays a key role
in changing honeybee behavior as the bees age, specifically in inducing foraging
behavior in older bees. Describe an interventional study and a correlative study that
could be used to test this hypothesis.
Why might a study that correlates juvenile hormone production with the onset of
foraging behavior be inconclusive?
(6 points)
Interventional: add Juvenile Hormone to nurses, and/or remove gland that produces JH (2 pts)
Correlational: Measure JH in nurses and foragers (preferably precocious foragers) and check for a correlation. (2
pts)
Problems: The rise Juvenile Hormone might be a response to foraging, not a cause of it. Correlation is not
causation, and there could be other factors. (2 pts, 1 pt for just putting "correlation is not causation")
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