Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Copyright Notice..............................................................................3 FCC Information.............................................................................. 4 Limited Warranty..............................................................................5 ABOUT THIS GUIDE .........................................................................6 Audience.........................................................................................6 Organization of This Guide .............................................................. 6 Sonic Customer Service.....................................................................7 1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................8 What is the Bandit Communications Server? ........................................8 Bandit Features................................................................................ 8 Management Station.........................................................................9 ISP Requirements ..............................................................................9 Feature Upgrades............................................................................ 9 2 BANDIT QUICKSTART..................................................................10 Installing the Hardware ...................................................................10 Send In The Registration Card ......................................................... 10 Setting Up the Server ..................................................................... 10 Phone Line Connections...................................................................10 Powering on the Bandit Server .........................................................11 Connecting Bandit to Computers and Networks..................................12 Bandit Software Configuration QuickStart......................................... 14 Required Information.......................................................................14 Set up a Management Station......................................................... 14 Launch the Web browser application................................................14 Set the Date and Time.....................................................................16 Configuring the Ports.......................................................................16 Entering the ISP Account Information................................................ 17 Testing Bandit ................................................................................20 Feature Upgrades...........................................................................21 3 NETWORK CONFIGURATION .....................................................22 Accessing the Internet from a LAN ....................................................22 General Configuration Parameters....................................................22 Configuring Windows 95................................................................23 Configure the Windows 95 Network Settings.................................... 23 Configuring MacOS .......................................................................25 Configuring Open Transport TCP/ IP..................................................25 Page 2 Bandit User's Guide 4 ADVANCED CONFIGURATION .................................................. 26 Selecting Bandit Using the Web Browser ...........................................26 Launch the Web browser application................................................27 The Network Settings Window.........................................................29 The Administrator's Password Window............................................. 30 Set Server Time and Date ................................................................32 Server Log .....................................................................................33 Configuring the Modems ................................................................ 34 Serial Properties ............................................................................ 35 Edit Custom Init Strings....................................................................36 Dialin Window.............................................................................. 38 Dialout Window............................................................................ 39 Public LAN Servers .........................................................................40 Predefined Services.........................................................................41 Other Services................................................................................42 Advanced Dialout Options.............................................................. 43 NAT IP ..........................................................................................43 Miscellaneous Dialout Options .........................................................45 DHCP Window ..............................................................................46 DHCP Status ..................................................................................49 Additional Commands and Functions ................................................50 Restart Server .................................................................................50 Export Settings .............................................................................. 51 Import Settings .............................................................................. 52 Factory Default.............................................................................. 53 Upload Firmware............................................................................54 Diagnostic Tools............................................................................ 55 Ping ..............................................................................................55 Test Modems..................................................................................56 5 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION ......................................................... 57 Front Panel Description....................................................................57 Rear Panel Description ....................................................................59 6 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE....................................................... 60 7 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING ........................................... 62 A - CABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND PINOUT DIAGRAMS .................... 65 B - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.....................................................67 GLOSSARY................................................................................... 68 INDEX.......................................................................................... 70 Page 3 Copyright Notice This manual is copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software described within, may not be copied, in whole or part, without the written consent of the manufacturer, except in the normal use of the software to make a backup copy. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying includes translating into another language or format. Bandit is a trademark of Sonic Systems, Inc. All other trademarks and trade names belong to their respective holders. Specifications in this manual are subject to change without notice. Page 4 Bandit User's Guide FCC Information This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency information, and if not installed in accordance with the users guide, could interfere with radio communications. The product has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of the FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference, in which case the user, at his own expense, is required to take whatever measures that may be necessary to correct the interference. The cables supplied with this equipment are shielded and created specifically for use on this equipment. The use of shielded I/ O cables are mandatory when connecting this equipment to any and all optional peripheral host devices. Failure to do so may violate FCC rules. You may find the following booklet, How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems (stock number 004-000-00345-4), helpful. It is avail- able from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 20402. Page 5 Limited Warranty Sonic Systems, Inc. warrants the hardware for one (1) year from the date of purchase against defects in materials and workmanship (see the warranty registration card for specific information). If you discover a defect in the hardware or media, Sonic Systems will replace the product at no charge to you, provided you return it to Sonic Systems with transportation charges prepaid. Please attach your name, address, telephone number, a description of the problem, and a copy of the bill of sale as proof of the original purchase, to each product returned for warranty service. A Return Materials Authoriza- tion (RMA) number must be displayed on the outside of the package for product(s) being returned for replacement or the product will be refused. This may be obtained by calling Sonic Systems Technical Support between the hours of 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM Pacific Standard Time, Monday through Friday. Phone: (408) 844-9900 Fax: (408) 844-9100 E-mail: tech@sonicsys.com This warranty does not apply if the product has been damaged by accident, abuse, misuse, or misapplication or has been modified without the written permission of Sonic Systems. In no event shall Sonic Systems, Inc. or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of profits, business interruption, loss of information, or other pecuniary loss) arising out of the use of or inability to use the Product. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. Where liability may not be limited under applicable law, Sonics liability shall be limited to the amount you paid for the Product. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have other rights which vary from state to state. By using this product, you agree to these limitations of liability. THIS WARRANTY AND THE REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. No dealer, agent, or employee of Sonic Systems is authorized to make any extension or addition to this warranty. Page 6 Bandit User's Guide ABOUT THIS GUIDE Thank you for purchasing the Bandit Communications Server. This easy to install communications server offers schools and small businesses an economi- cal way to quickly connect an entire network to the Internet using standard telephone lines and inexpensive modems. Audience This guide is for the network manager or network installer, and assumes that this person has the following background: Familiarity with Ethernet networks. Knowledge of how to install and handle electronically-sensitive equip- ment. Basic familiarity with Internet tools and technologies. Organization of This Guide This guide is organized as follows: Chapter 1, Introduction, describes Bandit's features, example applications, minimum requirements for the management station, and discusses the require- ments of the ISP accounts. Chapter 2, Bandit QuickStart, discusses whats included in the package, briefly describes how to install the Bandit server and how to connect it to the network. Chapter 3, Network Configuration, describes how to configure Windows and Macintosh computers on the network so they can access the Internet through Bandit. Chapter 4, Advanced Management, describes all configuration options for the Bandit, including configuring the modems and ISP accounts. This chapter also contains a command reference section for procedures such as transmit- ting setups, rebooting and resetting the server, setting back to defaults, uploading new firmware, and changing the server password. Chapter 5, Hardware Description, describes in detail the Bandit communica- tions server's front and back panel displays and connectors. Chapter 6, Troubleshooting Guide, lists solutions to problems one might encounter using the server and software. Page 7 Chapter 7, Introduction to Networking, provides a non-technical overview of LANs, the Internet, routers, and the TCP/ IP network protocol. This chapter also includes a discussion of IP addressing. Appendix A, Cable Specifications and Pinouts, provides information about cables and pinout diagrams for all the Bandit connectors. Appendix B, Technical Specifications, lists Bandit technical specifications as a quick reference. The glossary is a list of commonly used words and their definitions. The index provides a cross-reference to terms, features, and commands used throughout the manual. Sonic Customer Service At Sonic Systems, the customer is our most important asset. So, if at any time you have questions or suggestions, please call our Customer Service/ Technical Support Hotline at (408) 844-9900. Or, if you prefer, you can fax questions to (408) 844-9100 or send electronic mail to tech@sonicsys.com. Page 8 Bandit User's Guide 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides an overview of Bandit's features and example applica- tions. In addition, it lists the requirements for the management station, and discusses the requirements of the ISP accounts. Please read and understand the concepts in this chapter before proceeding to Bandit QuickStart in Chapter 2. What is the Bandit Communications Server? Bandit is a Plug-and-Play hardware Internet Router which combines the bandwidth of up to three dial-up Internet accounts to provide a high speed connection to the Internet for an entire LAN at a very low cost. Bandit Features High Speed: Combines bandwidth of three analog or digital modems to provide up to 345Kbps of Internet bandwidth. Low ISP Charges: By using single IP dial-up accounts, monthly Internet access charges paid to ISP are as low as $20/ month per account. NAT: Network Address Translation allows an unlimited num- ber of users on the LAN to share the Internet connection. Also, since all LAN TCP/ IP addresses are hidden behind one valid TCP/ IP address to Internet, provides added security and allows LAN nodes to use invalid TCP/ IP addresses. Built-in Hub: a four port 10Base-T hub is built-in to allow quick and easy connectivity for small offices. DHCP Server: allows TCP/ IP settings to be automatically distributed to LAN nodes from Bandit. Easy to Use: Web management allows easy configuration and man- agement from any platform. Plug-and-Play: Simply connect three modems to one side of Bandit and the LAN Ethernet connection to the other side...thats it! Page 9 Management Station All management functions on Bandit are performed from a Web browser application using Bandit's Web Management Interface. This management can be performed from any computer connected to the same network as Bandit, including over the Internet. Any computer used for management will be referred to as a Management Station. Note: The Web browser software used must be Java-enabled. The browser must also support HTTP uploads in order to fully manage Bandit. If a browser that does not support HTTP uploads is used, certain features, such as updating the firmware and uploading pre-configured settings, will not work. As of the writing of this manual, only Netscape Navigator 3.0 and above has both features. Netscape Navigator is included with the CD which shipped with the Bandit, and is available from most computer retailers or for download from Netscape Communications Web Site at <http:/ / www.netscape.com> ISP Requirements Bandit uses standard single user dial-up accounts available from most ISPs for $20 to $50 per month. The ISP may require a seperate user account for each dial-in port; check with the ISP if uncertain about their multiple login policy. The ISP must allow users to connect via PPP to be supported by Bandit. As of the writing of this manual, America Online (AOL) does not support PPP. Note: The same ISP does not need to be used for each port on Bandit. Different ISPs may be used. Feature Upgrades Bandit can be upgraded to allow users to dial-in and access LAN resources, such as file servers, databases, E-mail, groupware, and the Internet. This upgrade is called the Bandit Dialin Upgrade. The Bandit Dialin Upgrade supports IPX, TCP/ IP and AppleTalk over PPP. This allows remote access clients, including Apple Macintosh, Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups, IBM OS/ 2, and UNIX, to access all Ethernet based IPX and AppleTalk resources, such as NetWare, NT and AppleShare file servers, databases and printers, as well as TCP/ IP services such as Internet E-mail, Web, FTP and Telnet. Contact Sonic Systems for Bandit Dialin Upgrade pricing and availability. Phone: (408) 844-9900 Fax: (408) 844-9100 E-mail: sales@sonicsys.com Page 10 Bandit User's Guide 2 BANDIT QUICKSTART This chapter provides information on how to set up the Bandit. Those who are new to the Bandit should read this chapter and do the installation and configuration procedures before going on to later chapters in this manual. Installing the Hardware The following are instructions for setting up the Bandit. Please read through each procedure before attempting to do it. Inspecting the Package Open the package and remove the contents. The following items should be included: One Bandit server unit One 5 VDC, 1.5 A power supply for the server One PC/ Mac CD containing Netscape Navigator, as well as other software and information This manual Sonic User Registration Card If any item is missing from the package, contact Sonic immediately. Send In The Registration Card Stop now and take the time to fill out and mail in the Registration Card. Sending in the Registration Card registers the Bandit Server with Sonic Systems, Inc., and provides access to technical support, software updates and information about new Sonic products. Setting Up the Server Now its time to install the server. Please read and understand each procedure before doing it. Set up the server on a flat surface in an area where there is enough room to connect the power and modem cables to the back of the unit. Phone Line Connections The Bandit can be configured with up to three modems. This procedure assumes that there is at least one functioning phone line and modem available for connection to the Bandit. Page 11 Read through the following procedure before doing it. The illustration below shows how the Bandit is connected to modems. Connect modems to Serial Ports 1-3 using standard serial cables. 1. Connect one end of an RS-232 serial cable to the modem and the other end to the DB-9 serial port labeled "Line 1" on the back of the Bandit server. Note: Throughout this manual, unless noted otherwise, the term "modem" is used to describe any analog modem or ISDN terminal adapter which connects to a computer or server through an RS-232 serial cable. 2. Connect the phone line and power cable to the modem. If the modem has a power on/ off switch, turn it on. 3. Only one modem is required to use Bandit, but up to three are supported. Repeat this procedure to connect additional modems to the ports labeled "Line 2" and "Line 3". Powering on the Bandit Server The Bandit server is designed to start up as soon as power is supplied to it. The server then runs a series of diagnostics to check for proper operation. The following procedure describes how to connect power to the server and interpret the LED display on the front panel during the diagnostic test. 1. Plug the Bandit power supply into an AC power outlet, then plug the power supply output cable into the power connector on the rear of the Bandit unit. Bandit should turn on immediately and start its Power-On-Self-Test (POST). 2. Watch the front panel of the Bandit. The following sequence of lights should appear: The Power LED and the Line 1 Carrier Detect LED should turn on immediately. Page 12 Bandit User's Guide The Line 1 Carrier Detect LED turns off and the Line 2 Carrier Detect LED turns on. The Line 2 Carrier Detect LED turns off and the Line 3 Carrier Detect LED turns on. All three Line Carrier Detect LEDs turn on. After several seconds, all Carrier Detect LEDs should be off; the Power LED should be on. If this sequence of events does not occur, the POST has failed, indicating something may be wrong with the Bandit server. First, check to see that the server power supply is plugged into a working power outlet. Then check that the power supply output cable is plugged securely into the power connector on the rear of the server. If the outlet and power supply cable are okay, something may be wrong with the Bandit unit. See Chapter 7, Troubleshooting Guide, for help. If the correct LED display does not appear after checking all connections and following the troubleshoot- ing suggestions, contact Sonic Technical Support for help. Connecting Bandit to Computers and Networks Bandit has an integrated four-port Ethernet hub which is used for connecting to workstations and existing networks. 1. Using standard Twisted Pair Ethernet cables, connect computers or any other Ethernet devices to Ethernet ports 1, 2 and 3. One end plugs into the RJ-45 jack on the Ethernet card in the computer. The other end plugs into Ethernet ports 1, 2 or 3 on Bandit. Ethernet ports 1, 2 and 3 on Bandit are standard 10Base-T ports. Connections between computers and these ports on Bandit are made using standard, "straight" Twisted Pair cables. 2. Ethernet port 4 is a "Crossover" port which is used to connect Bandit to the existing 10Base-T network. Using a standard 10Base-T cable, plug one end into Ethernet port 4 on Bandit and the other into any available Ethernet port on a hub. Connecting Bandit to another hub is a process called "cascading". When cascading Bandit to another hub, use a standard twisted pair cable from the Ethernet port 4 on the Bandit to the RJ-45 port on the other hub. Do not connect workstations to Ethernet port 4 using a standard twisted pair cable; instead, use a crossover cable. The following diagram illustrates all modem and network connections. Page 13 After all connections have been made and the devices powered up, the Link LED on Bandit's front panel should be on. If the Link LED does not come on: 1. Check the other end of the cable and make sure it is connected to a functional and powered-on Ethernet device, such as a computer. 2. If a Link LED for Ethernet ports 1, 2 or 3 does not light, make sure standard, "straight" cables are used. Also verify that this port is not connected to a hub. 3. If a Link LED for Ethernet port 4 does not light, make sure standard, "straight" cables are used to connect this port to a hub. 4. If the other end of the cable is connected properly, try switching the cable with a known good replacement. 5. If the Link LED still does not turn on, there may be a problem with the Bandit server. Contact Sonic Technical Support for help. This completes the Bandit hardware installation procedures. The following section is a Software Configuration QuickStart on how to configure the Bandit. Connect existing network hub to Ethernet Port 4 using standard 10Base-Tcable. Connect modems to Serial Ports 1-3 using standard serial cable. Connect computers to Ethernet Ports 1-3 using standard 10Base-Tcable. Page 14 Bandit User's Guide Bandit Software Configuration QuickStart This section of the manual describes how to select a Bandit using the Web browser and then complete the Bandit Setup Wizard procedures. Once completed, Bandit will be ready to use. Required Information Bandit needs information about the Internet Service Provider (ISP) connection in order to be configured. This is the ISP account login name, password, and phone number used to connect to the ISP. A different ISP user account will likely be required for each port. Please read through all procedures before doing them. Set up a Management Station All management functions on Bandit are performed from a Web browser application using Bandits Web Management Interface. This management can be performed from any computer connected to the same network as Bandit. Any computer used for management will be referred to as a Management Station. Note: The Web browser software used must be Java-enabled. The browser must also support HTTP uploads in order to fully manage Bandit. If a browser that does not support HTTP uploads is used, certain features, such as updating the firmware and uploading pre-configured settings, will not work. As of the writing of this manual, only Netscape Navigator 3.0 and above has both features. Netscape Navigator is included with the CD which shipped with the Bandit, and is available from most computer retailers or for download from Netscape Communications Web Site at <http:/ / www.netscape.com> Bandit is pre-configured from the factory with the default IP address 192.168.168.168, which is used to access it during initial configuration. During this initial configuration, it is necessary to temporarily change the IP address of the Management Station to one in the same subnet as Bandit. This can be done by configuring the Management Station to automatically get its IP address from Bandits DHCP Server, or by manually setting the Manage- ment Stations IP address. Refer to Chapter 3 of this guide and the documentation of the operating system or software being used on the Management Station for instructions on changing the IP address. It may be necessary to restart the Management Station for the change to take effect. Launch the Web browser application Type Bandits address or host name into the Location field at the top of the browser window and hit the Return key. During initial configuration, this address is <http:/ / 192.168.168.168>. The Password dialog box, similar to the one shown below, will appear. Page 15 Click Next to continue. A window similar to the following will be displayed. Enter admin in the User Name field, password in the Password field and click the OK button. Note: All new Bandits are factory configured with admin as the user name and password as the default password. Note: Passwords are case-sensitive. Enter the password exactly as defined. Make sure the "caps lock" key is not on. This opens the Bandit Setup Wizard window, shown below: Page 16 Bandit User's Guide Set the Date and Time Enter the time in 24-Hour format and click the Next button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the window as shown below. Configuring the Ports This section describes the procedure to configure the modem ports on the Bandit server. Please read through the procedure before doing it. 1. Set the Modem as follows: Find the name of the modem connected to Port 1 on the Bandit server and select it from the Modem popup menu. If the modem is not in the popup menu list, select the Hayes Compatible item listed at the top of the list. Page 17 2 Enable NAT Dialout By default, the NAT Dialout option is enabled to allow the modem to be used for connecting to the Internet. 3. Configure the other ports in the same manner. 4. Click the Next button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the window as shown below. Entering the ISP Account Information This section describes the procedure to configure Bandit to connect to the Internet using standard ISP dial-up accounts. Please read through the procedure before doing it. 1. Enter the ISP's name and dial in phone number in the appropriate fields. If there are special dialing requirements, such as dialing through a PBX, see the section titled Dial Prefix on page 45 of this guide. 2. Enter the ISP accounts login name in the Username field. Page 18 Bandit User's Guide 3. Enter the login password for the account in the Password and Password Confirmation fields Remember that for most ISPs, password entry is case-sensitive. For example, if SECRET is the password assigned by the ISP, and secret is entered in Bandit's Password and Password Confirm fields, the password will be rejected and users will be unable to connect to the Internet. 4. Repeat this process for each of the modem ports which have NAT Dialout enabled. 5. Click the Next button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. If the entries in the Password and Password Confirm fields don't match for each account, an error stating, The following parameter had problems: 'NAT Confirm Password' will be generated. Reenter the password in both fields and click the Submit button. Once completed, a window confirming the update will be shown. Click Next. A window similar to the following will be displayed. Page 19 Entering the Domain Name System (DNS) Information This section describes the procedure to configure the Domain Name and DNS Server information required for use with Bandit's Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server. Please read through the procedure before doing it. DHCP, which stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, is a means for computers on a network to get their TCP/ IP settings from a centralized server. DHCP offers completely centralized management of TCP/ IP client configura- tions, including IP addresses, gateway address, DNS address and more. Note: If DHCP will not be used, this step may be skipped by clicking the Next button. 1. Enter the network's assigned domain name in the Domain Name field. Information on registering a domain name may be obtained from the ISP. 2. Enter the IP address of the ISP's primary DNS server in the DNS Server 1 field. 3. Enter the IP addresses of other ISP's primary or secondary DNS Servers in the DNS Server 2 and DNS Server 3 fields. 4. Click the Next button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a window confirming the update will be shown. Page 20 Bandit User's Guide This window signals the completion of the Bandit Configuration Wizard. Click Next. A window similar to the following will be displayed. Click Yes. This command sends a boot command to the server. The restarting process takes about one minute, during which time the server will be unreachable. Testing Bandit The last thing to do is to verify that Bandit is operating correctly. To do this, use a computer on the LAN with DHCP enabled to access the Internet through Bandit. If Bandit does not connect to the ISP, click the Dialout button and verify that the ISP account information is correct. If this does not solve the problem, refer to Chapter 7 for troubleshooting tips. This concludes the QuickStart procedures for configuring the Bandit Commu- nications Server. Please continue with Chapter 3, Network Configuration, to learn how to configure computers on the LAN to access the Internet through Bandit. Chapter 4, Advanced Management Features, and Chapter 5, Hardware Description, provide detailed information about Bandit's manage- ment and hardware features. Page 21 Feature Upgrades Bandit can be upgraded to allow users to dial-in and access LAN resources, such as file servers, databases, E-mail, groupware, and the Internet. This upgrade is called the Bandit Dialin Upgrade. The Bandit Dialin Upgrade supports IPX, TCP/ IP and AppleTalk over PPP. This allows remote access clients, including Apple Macintosh, Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups, IBM OS/ 2, and UNIX, to access all Ethernet based IPX and AppleTalk resources, such as NetWare, NT and AppleShare file servers, databases and printers, as well as TCP/ IP services such as Internet E-mail, Web, FTP and Telnet. Contact Sonic Systems for Bandit Dialin Upgrade pricing and availability. Phone: (408) 844-9900 Fax: (408) 844-9100 E-mail: sales@sonicsys.com Page 22 Bandit User's Guide 3 NETWORK CONFIGURATION This chapter provides information on how to set up client networking on Windows 95 and MacOS computers to allow Internet access through Bandit. Those who are new to the Internet and TCP/ IP, or who have been accessing the Internet through dial-up connections to the ISP, should read this chapter and follow the configuration procedures before going on to later chapters in this manual. Accessing the Internet from a LAN Internet access does not require a modem connection from each computer. With the proper connection and settings, the Internet can become another resource simultaneously available to everyone on the LAN, just like another database or file server. To do this, the LAN must be directly connected to the Internet with a router and all computers on the LAN must have the TCP/ IP protocol installed and configured to connect to the Internet through the router. Traditional routers have been expensive and complex products that required considerable networking expertise and extensive configuration. Bandit breaks that mold by making a direct Internet connection easy and affordable. General Configuration Parameters If Bandit's DHCP Server is enabled, it will automatically configure the TCP/ IP settings of all computers on the LAN with the following TCP/ IP settings: IP Address: Each computer on the LAN will be given a unique address between 192.168.168.1 and 192.168.1.254, not including 192.168.168.168 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Router or Gateway Address: 192.168.168.168. (This is the IP address assigned to Bandit) Domain Name Server (DNS) Address: The DNS addresses entered during the Setup Wizard will be used. Note: some DHCP Clients, such as MacOS Open Transport, will only configure the primary DNS server. The next sections in this chapter will describe how to configure Windows 95 and MacOS computers to use DHCP. Page 23 Configuring Windows 95 This section describes how to install and configure the TCP/ IP software used by Windows95. Getting Started The setup procedure that follows assumes there is no existing network configuration in Windows 95, and that the Ethernet card has already been installed. Configure the Windows 95 Network Settings 1. From Control Panel, double click the Network icon. The Network dialog box appears. 2. To add support for the Ethernet card follow these steps: a) In the Network dialog box, click Add. b) Double-click Adapter. c) Select the manufacturer and model of the Ethernet card from the list. d) Click OK. 3. Add the Client for Microsoft Networking a) In the Network dialog box, click Add. b) Double-click Client. c) Select Microsoft, then double-click Client for Microsoft Networking from the list. Page 24 Bandit User's Guide d) Click OK. 4. Add the TCP/ IP Protocol: a) In the Network dialog box, click Add. b) Double-click Protocol. c) Select Microsoft, then double-click TCP/ IP Protocol from the list. The following components should now be in the list of installed items in the Network dialog box: Client for Microsoft Networks TCP/ IP The Network dialog box is shown below. 5. From the Network dialog box, double-click TCP/ IP Protocol. a) On the IP Address tab, select Obtain an IP address automatically. b) On the WINS Configuration tab, select Disable WINS Resolution. c) On the Advanced tab, leave Property at None. Page 25 d) On the DNS Configuration tab, select Enable. e) Click OK to close the Network dialog box and save the settings. It will be necessary to restart the computer for the settings to take effect. 6. From the Network dialog box, click OK. The setup is complete; reboot the PC to have the changes take effect. Configuring MacOS This section describes how to configure the TCP/ IP software used by Macintosh. Open Transport is part of Apple's new, modern networking operating system, and is used in most Macintoshes. Getting Started The setup procedures for Open Transport assumes the Ethernet card and drivers have already been installed. Configuring Open Transport TCP/ IP 1. Open the TCP/ IP Control Panel. The TCP/ IP window appears. An example is shown below. 2. Select Ethernet from the Connect via pop-up menu. 3. Select DHCP Server from the Configure pop-up menu. 4. Close the TCP/ IP Control Panel and save changes. Page 26 Bandit User's Guide 4 ADVANCED CONFIGURATION This chapter contains detailed information about Bandit's management commands and functions. These commands and functions are accessed via a Web browser through Bandit's Web Management Interface. Use this chapter as a reference when changing the configuration of Bandit. This chapter is divided into sections dedicated to the major windows and functions within Bandits Web Management Interface. Selecting a Bandit Using the Web Browser Server Setup Configuring Modems Configuring Dialout to the ISP Configuring the DHCP Server Additional Tools and Functions Selecting a Bandit Using the Web Browser All management functions on Bandit are performed from a Web browser application using Bandits Web Management Interface. This management can be performed from any computer connected to the same network as Bandit. Any computer used for management will be referred to as a Management Station. Note: The Web browser software used must be Java-enabled. The browser must also support HTTP uploads in order to fully manage Bandit. If a browser that does not support HTTP uploads is used, certain features, such as updating the firmware and uploading pre-configured settings, will not work. As of the writing of this manual, only Netscape Navigator 3.0 and above has both features. Netscape Navigator is included with the CD which shipped with the Bandit, and is available from most computer retailers or for download from Netscape Communications Web Site at <http:/ / www.netscape.com> Bandit is pre-configured from the factory with the default IP address 192.168.168.168, which is used to access it during initial configuration. During this initial configuration, it is necessary to temporarily change the IP address of the Management Station to one in the same subnet as Bandit. This can be done by configuring the Management Station to automatically get its IP address from Bandits DHCP Server, or by manually setting the Manage- ment Stations IP address. Refer to Chapter 3 of this guide and the documentation of the operating system or software being used on the Management Station for instructions on changing the IP address. It may be necessary to restart the Management Station for the change to take effect. Page 27 Note: Write down the existing IP address of the Management Station before changing it. The Management Station must be reset back to this address once Bandit's initial configuration is complete. Launch the Web browser application Type Bandits address or host name into the Location field at the top of the browser window and hit the Return key. During initial configuration, this address is <http:/ / 192.168.168.168>. The Password dialog box, similar to the one shown below, will appear. Enter admin in the User Name field, password in the Password field and click the Login button. Note: All new Bandits are factory configured with admin as the user name and password as the default password. Note: Passwords are case-sensitive. Enter the password exactly as defined. Make sure the "caps lock" key is not on. This opens the Bandit Status window, shown below: Note: The Status window is shown only if the Bandit has been initially configured using the Setup Wizard. See the Software Configuration QuickStart on page 14 of this guide if the Status window is not shown. Page 28 Bandit User's Guide The Status Window In addition to showing the current status of Bandit, the active tab, labeled Status, functions as a workspace where operating parameters for the Bandit server are displayed in a summary format. Window Fields and Controls At the top of the window is a table which shows the following parameters for each of the three ports: Modem State Indicates whether the modem connected to the port is off, on, or connected to an ISP. User Name Displays the ISP login name used to connect to the ISP. If no connection is active on the port, the field displays N/ A. Connect Speed Indicates the modem speed of the connection to the ISP on that port. Connect Time Indicates the time that the current session has been active. Page 29 Idle Time Indicates the amount of time since there was any activity on the port during the current session. IP Address Displays the Internet Protocol (IP) address assigned to the port. Manual Disconnect Button allows the active connection on the port to immediately be terminated. If no connection is active on the port, the field displays Not Connected. The Firmware and ROM versions, IP and Ethernet Address of Bandit, and how long the server has been running are also displayed at the bottom of the Status window. Also available from this, and all other windows, is a column of seven buttons. These buttons and their associated functions will be discussed in the following sections of this chapter. Below these buttons is a Wizard icon which is linked to the Setup Wizard. The Network Settings Window At the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Network. A window similar to the following will be displayed. Page 30 Bandit User's Guide From this window Bandit's IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway can be set. Bandit ships with these settings configured to support its DHCP server. It is only necessary to change these settings if the LAN has an existing IP address range configured. IP Address This is the IP address which is given to Bandit and used to access it for configuration and monitoring. Choose a unique IP address from the LAN address range. This is the IP address that computers on the LAN will use as their Gateway or Router Address. LAN Subnet Mask This value describes which IP Addresses belong to the LAN versus which belong to the Internet. Default Gateway This is the IP address of the Bandit, used by LAN clients to access the Internet. The default value is 192.168.168.168. Note: It is necessary to restart Bandit after changes are made to any IP addressing items. Click the Submit button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a window confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Click the Restart link and following confirmation. This process is described in detail on page 50 of this manual, Restarting Bandit. The Administrator's Password Window At the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Password. A window similar to the following will be displayed. Page 31 The password used by the Administrator can be changed in this window. The default password for a new Bandit is "password". Use this password when accessing a new server, or a server that has just had new firmware loaded into it. Note: Always change the password from the default. Passwords are case-sensitive. Enter the password exactly as defined. To change the password, enter the new password in the field called Administrator Password. Enter the new password again in the Pass- word Confirmation field. Click the Submit button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a window confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Page 32 Bandit User's Guide Set Server Time and Date At the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Time. A window similar to the following will be displayed. Bandits internal clock is set by entering the current date and time in the appropriate fields. These settings are used for the time stamp in the server log. Click the Submit button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a window confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Page 33 Server Log At the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Log. A window similar to the following will be displayed. The server log shows significant events, with a time and date stamp, that occur during server operation. All ISP logins, logouts, and disconnects are shown, as are certain modem problems. Click the Clear Log button to erase the current log. The log file can be copied and pasted into a text editing or word processing file for analysis or archival. Note: If the server is powered off or experiences a power interruption, all server log entries are erased. Page 34 Bandit User's Guide Configuring the Modems Click the button labeled Modems at the left side of the browser window. Then, click the tab labeled Selection. A window similar to the following will be displayed. From this window, modems connected to each port and NAT dialout are enabled. Note: It is necessary to restart the server after changes are made to any item in the Selection, Serial Speed, or Custom Strings windows. Window Fields and Controls Modem: This field defines the initialization string and recommended serial port speed for the modem connected to the port. Select the modem connected to the port from the Modem popup menu. If the modem is not in the popup menu list, try the Hayes Compatible item listed at the top of the list or create a custom modem initialization string as described below in the section Edit Custom Init Strings. Page 35 NAT Dialout By default, the NAT Dialout option is enabled to allow the modem to be used for connecting to the Internet. To turn off Internet access through the modem, disable it by unchecking the NAT Dialout check box. Click the Submit button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a window confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Click the Restart link and following confirmation. Serial Properties At the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Serial Speed. A window similar to the following will be displayed. The Serial Speed window is used to set the maximum data rate between Bandit and the modem. Page 36 Bandit User's Guide This value is automatically set when a modem is selected from the list in the Selection window. Unless custom modem init strings are being used to fine tune an existing modem or add support for new modems, the port speeds should remain set to their default value. Refer to the manual that came with the modem for more information about what this setting should be. Click the Submit button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a window confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Click the Restart link and following confirmation. Edit Custom Init Strings At the top of the browser window, click the tab labeled Custom Strings. A window similar to the following will be displayed. The Custom Strings window is used to add support for specific modem brands and models not included in the Selection window's list. Page 37 Also listed at the bottom of this window is a listing of all init strings for the predefined modems in the Modem popup menu. Notice that each port can be assigned a different custom init string to match different modems that may be attached. Enter the name of the modem in the Modem Name field. This will appear as Custom (Modem Name) at the top of the Modem popup menu for that port. Enter the modems initialization string in the Init String field. Refer to the modem documentation for information about initialization strings. For best results, use modems recommended by the ISP. Click the Submit button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a window confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. When using a custom modem init string, remember to set the serial port speed in the Serial Speed window and select the Custom (Modem Name) item from the list in the Modems window. Page 38 Bandit User's Guide Dialin Window Click the button labeled Dialin at the left side of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. This window displays a summary of the currently enabled features, as well as a field to enter a serial number to enable additional features, such as remote access dial-in. Bandit can be upgraded to allow users to dialin and access LAN resources, such as file servers, databases, E-mail, groupware, and the Internet. This upgrade is called the Bandit Dialin Upgrade. Contact Sonic Systems for Bandit Dialin Upgrade pricing and availability. Page 39 Dialout Window Click the button labeled Dialout at the left side of the browser window. Then click the tab labeled ISP. A window similar to the following will be displayed. From this window, ISP dial-in account information is entered. Window Fields and Controls ISP Name Enter the name of the ISP in this field. Phone Number Enter the phone number of the ISP in this field. It is not necessary to enter special dialing prefixes, such as those used to access an outside line from a PBX, as that is handled in another area. Username Enter the ISP accounts login name in the Username field. Often this login name is part of the E-mail address. For example, if the E-mail address is "susan@my-isp.com", the login name is likely "susan". Page 40 Bandit User's Guide Note: Most ISPs will require a separate user account for each port used for NAT Dialout. Check the ISP's policies regarding multiple simultaneous logins if unsure of their policy. Password Enter the login password for the account in the User Password and Password Confirmation fields. For most ISPs, password entry is case- sensitive. For example, if SECRET is the password assigned by the ISP, and secret is entered in Bandit's Password and Password Con- firm fields, the password will be rejected and users will be unable to connect to the Internet. Repeat this process for each of the modem ports which have NAT Dialout enabled in the Modems window. Note: It is not necessary to use the same ISP for all NAT Dialout ports. Once all entries are complete, click the Submit button at the bottom of the screen to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a window confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Note: Entries in the Password and Password Confirm fields must match. If the entries don't match, an error message will be generated. Re-enter the password in both fields and click the Submit button. Public LAN Servers Users on the Internet are able to access machines on the LAN through Bandit. For example, an organization can run an internal SMTP/ POP3 mail server which can receive E-mail from outside sources or a Web server which shows product info. Since most ISPs assign IP addresses dynamically, it may be difficult for users on the Internet to connect to these public servers because the IP address changes each time Bandit connects to the ISP. Ask the ISP if they are able to support manually assigned IP addresses, which can be configured in the Advanced tab. Note: Only one server for each IP service may be run. Page 41 Click on the tab labeled Public Access at the top of the window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. Predefined Services Enter the IP address of the servers which will be accessible from the Internet for each protocol. If a server is not designated for a certain protocol, enter 0.0.0.0 in the field, or leave it blank. Click the Update button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Page 42 Bandit User's Guide Other Services Support for other services, such as Lotus Notes and NNTP, which are not listed in the Predefined Services fields may be configured. Window Fields and Controls Port Name Enter the name of the service, such as "Lotus Notes" or "News". This can be anything since the contents of this field are only used for identification by the Administrator. Port Number Enter the IP port number. For example, "1352" for Lotus Notes. See the documentation that came with the server or visit <http:/ / ds.internic.net/ rfc/ rfc1700.txt> for a list of well known IP port numbers. Port Type TCP and UDP are transport protocols. TCP establishes a connection and ensures that the data is passed. HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP3 and Lotus Notes are examples of applications that use TCP. UDP is connectionless, and has no means for retransmitting lost packets. DHCP and DNS are examples of services that use UDP. Different applications use different transport protocols. LAN IP Address Enter the IP address of the server on the LAN which is hosting the service being added. Click the Update button to send the configuration data to Bandit. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. A single server can be specified for more than one protocol. For example, if an FTP and a Web server are running on the same machine, its IP address would be entered in both the HTTP and FTP fields Note: The IP address of the LAN server will be translated. For example, if the Web server on the LAN with the address 192.168.168.10 is entered in the Predefined Service's "HTTP" field, and the IP address assigned to the port by the ISP is 200.200.200.200, then users on the Internet will need to access http:/ / 200.200.200.200. If the IP address is dynamically assigned, it will be necessary to check the Status screen to find the assigned IP address and convey that address to the users. Page 43 Advanced Dialout Options Click on the tab labeled Advanced at the top of the window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. NAT IP Advanced NAT IP settings allow the administrator to fine tune the connection to the ISP. When a user on the LAN requests information from the Internet, Bandit establishes a connection to the ISP using the modem on Port 1. As demand increases, Bandit invisibly establishes connections to the ISP using Port 2 and then Port 3 (when so configured) to support the additional demands. Once multiple connections are established, Bandit monitors the connection speed and usage to intelligently share the available bandwidth and offer the best performance. Page 44 Bandit User's Guide Window Fields and Controls Add Threshold (% bandwidth used) Establishes the percentage of bandwidth, or modem capacity, that must be used for a given period of time before connections are established on the second and third port. The lower the number, the quicker subsequent connections are established. The default value is 70%. This function is only active if Dynamic Dial On Demand is enabled. Add Duration (seconds) Establishes the period of time that bandwidth must exceed the threshold value before connections are established on the second and third port. The lower the number, the quicker subsequent connections are estab- lished. The default value is 5 seconds. This function is only active if Dynamic Dial On Demand is enabled. By default, if the connection on Port 1 exceeds 70% of available bandwidth for more than five seconds, a connection on Port 2 is established. As demands increase to exceed 70% of the available bandwidth for the two modems for more than five seconds, a connection on Port 3 is established. Master Server A master server is a computer on the LAN that intercepts all requests from the Internet from that port. For example, if a master server is configured on Port 1, any connections from the Internet to that port's IP address, regardless of protocol, will be sent to that master server. NAT IP Address When establishing a connection with an ISP, IP addresses are assigned either static or dynamically. If the ISP has assigned a static IP address to the user account, enter it in the NAT IP Address field for that specific port. Note: Most ISPs dynamically assign IP addresses. To let the ISP dynamically assign an IP address, keep the NAT IP Address field set to its default value of 0.0.0.0. If the IP address is dynamically assigned, it will be necessary to check the Status screen to find the assigned IP address and convey that address to outside users who require LAN access. Dial on demand By default, Bandit establishes connections with the ISP dynamically, adding connections based on demand. Bandit can also be configured to instead connect to the ISP using all ports at once. If the all lines at once radio button is selected, the Add Threshold and Add Duration settings are disabled. Page 45 Miscellaneous Dialout Options Window Fields and Controls Idle disconnect Bandit can be configured to automatically disconnect from the ISP after a period of inactivity. The default idle disconnect time is 5 minutes. To disable the idle disconnect feature, set value to zero. Dial Prefix The Dial Prefix is used to configure the modem's dialing characteristics. For example, if it is necessary to first dial 9 to get an outside line, or if the phone system uses pulse dial instead of touch tone, this can be easily configured by entering the correct dial prefix in the field. The default setting, ATDT, will work for most situations. A modem dials a phone number when given the dial command (ATD) and a phone number, either alone or with dial prefix modifiers, which are listed below. Command Command Definition ATD Sends attention command to modem and instructs it to dial using the dial command modifiers (listed below) in the order encountered from left to right. This command is required in all dial prefixes P Pulse dial. T Tone dial the following digits. W Wait for dial tone before processing the next character in the dial string (useful for PBX phone systems). & or $ Wait for bong (Credit Card billing tone). @ Wait for five seconds of silence before continuing. , Pause for one second before processing the next character in dial string. Common examples: ATDT Dial using Touch Tone. This is the default setting. ATDP Dial using pulse, or rotary dialing. ATDT9, Touch Tone, dial 9 to get an outside line, then wait one second before continuing to dial the number. Page 46 Bandit User's Guide DHCP Window Click the button labeled DHCP at the left side of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. DHCP, which stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, is a means for computers on a network to get their TCP/ IP settings from a centralized server. DHCP offers completely centralized management of TCP/ IP client configura- tions, including IP addresses, gateway address, DNS address and more. Page 47 Window Fields and Controls Enable DHCP Server Checkbox to enable or disable the DHCP server. Enabled by default. The DHCP server should be disabled if there already is a DHCP server on the LAN or if manual addressing is used on the LAN computers. Lease Time The Lease Time is the amount of time that the TCP/ IP address is leased, or given to the client machine before the DHCP server will attempt to reallocate that address. If the client still requires the use of the TCP/ IP address, the DHCP Server grants the client the use of that TCP/ IP address for the same amount of time. If the client no longer requires the TCP/ IP address, the address is freed and returned to the pool of available addresses to be used again. Default value is 60 minutes. Server IP Address Server IP Address is the IP address of Bandit. This value is set in the General section's Network tab. Subnet Mask This value describes which IP Addresses belong to the LAN versus which belong to the Internet. This value is set in the General section's Network tab. Default Gateway This is the IP address of the Bandit, used by LAN clients to access the Internet. The default value is 192.168.168.168. Domain Name Enter the registered domain name for the network in the Domain Name field, for example your-domain.com. DNS Server The DNS Server, translates human readable host names into the numeric IP addresses used by computers to route information to the correct machine. Multiple DNS servers may be used to improve performance and reliability. Enter the TCP/ IP address of the DNS Servers in these fields. Dynamic Ranges When a client makes a request for a TCP/ IP address, and the requester is a DHCP client, Bandit's DHCP server leases an address from the Dynamic Ranges. Page 48 Bandit User's Guide To create a range of dynamic IP addresses to be assigned to requesting clients, enter the starting number in the Range Start field, and the ending address in the Range End field and then click the Submit button. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. By default, Bandit's DHCP server is configured with two ranges: 192.168.168.1 to 192.168.168.167, and 192.168.168.169 to 192.168.168.254. Allow BootP clients to use range If the Allow BootP clients to use range check box is selected, Dynamic BootP clients will be configured when they boot. Dynamic BootP clients are BootP clients that do not have an IP address assigned to their MAC address. They are similar to DHCP clients with the exception that leases are not supported. Delete Range To remove a range of addresses from the dynamic pool, select it from the scrolling list of Dynamic Ranges, and click the Delete Range button. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Static Entries Static addresses are used by machines which support BootP or those which require a fixed IP address. For example, machines running Web or FTP servers would require static addresses. If a static address is assigned, then that machine will always get the same IP address. This is not always true for dynamic addresses, whether it's a DHCP or Dynamic BootP client. To create a static IP address to be assigned to a requesting client, enter an IP address and the hardware (MAC) address of the client machine in the appropriate fields and then click the Submit button. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Page 49 Delete Static To remove a static address, select it from the scrolling list of Static Addresses and click the Delete Static button. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. DHCP Status Click the tab labeled Status at the top of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. The scrolling window shows the details on the current bindings: IP and MAC address of the bindings, along with the type of binding, Dynamic, Dynamic BootP and Static BootP. To delete a binding, which frees the IP address in the DHCP server, select the binding from the list and then click the Delete Binding button. The transmit operation will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message confirming the update will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Click the Refresh button to reload the list of bindings. This may be necessary because Web pages are not automatically refreshed and new bindings may have been issued since the page was first loaded. Page 50 Bandit User's Guide Additional Commands and Functions Click the button labeled Tools at the left side of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. Restart Server Click the tab labeled Restart at the top of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. This command sends a boot command to the server. Rebooting the server disconnects any remote users currently logged in. The restarting process takes about 30 seconds, during which time the server will be unreachable. Note: It is necessary to restart the server if changes were made to any IP addressing or modem settings items. Page 51 Export Settings Click the tab labeled Export at the top of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. This command saves a setup file to disk. This allows the administrator to keep multiple setup profiles for a given Bandit on disk. Click the Export button and then select the destination for the Bandit settings file being exported. Page 52 Bandit User's Guide Import Settings Click the tab labeled Import at the top of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. This command uploads a previously saved server setup file from disk. The Web browser software used must be Java-enabled. The browser must also support HTTP uploads in order to fully manage Bandit. If a browser that does not support HTTP uploads is used, the Import Settings function will not work. As of the writing of this manual, only Netscape Navigator 3.0 and above has both features. Netscape Navigator is available from most computer retailers or for download from Netscape Communications Web Site at <http:/ / www.netscape.com> and on the CD supplied with Bandit. Click the Browse... button to select the Bandit settings file to be imported. Page 53 Factory Default Click the tab labeled Defaults at the top of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. This command resets all Bandit configuration parameters, except the server IP address and subnet mask to the factory defaults. Remember to use the default password once the settings are erased. It may be a good idea to export the setup to a file before erasing everything. This way the saved setup file may be easily imported if a setting is accidentally erased. Page 54 Bandit User's Guide Upload Firmware Click the tab labeled Firmware at the top of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. The Bandit can be upgraded by loading new firmware with the Web browser. Click the Browse... button to select the Bandit firmware file to be uploaded. The Web browser software used must be Java-enabled. The browser must also support HTTP uploads in order to fully manage Bandit. If a browser that does not support HTTP uploads is used, the Upload Firmware function will not work. As of the writing of this manual, only Netscape Navigator 3.0 and above has both features. Netscape Navigator is available from most computer retailers or for download from Netscape Communications Web Site at <http:/ / www.netscape.com> and on the CD supplied with Bandit. Page 55 Diagnostic Tools Click the button labeled Diagnostics at the left side of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. Ping Click the tab labeled Ping at the top of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. The Ping test bounces a packet off a machine on the Internet back to the sender. This test shows if IP traffic is able to pass through the Bandit. If users on the LAN are having problems accessing services on the Internet, try pinging the DNS server, or other machine at the ISP's location. If this test is successful, try pinging devices outside the ISP. This will show if the problem lies with the ISP's connection. Enter the IP address of the device being pinged and click the Ping button. The test will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message showing the results will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Page 56 Bandit User's Guide Test Modems Click the tab labeled Modems at the top of the browser window. A window similar to the following will be displayed. Testing a modem will verify that the serial cable is connected properly, and Bandit is able to communicate with the modem at the given serial speed. Click the button for the modem on the port being tested, Modem 1, Modem2, or Modem 3. The test will take a few seconds to complete. Once completed, a message showing the results will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. Page 57 5 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION This chapter provides detailed illustrations and descriptions of the Bandit front and back panels. Refer to this chapter to learn about where each LED, switch, and connector is located, and what it does. The chapter is divided into two sections covering the front panel and back panel of the server. More information is provided in Appendix A, Cable Specifications and Pinouts, and Appendix B, Technical Specifications. Front Panel Display and Connectors The Bandit front panel is shown below and followed by a table defining each item. Serial Port Status LEDs show statusof each modemconnection. Ethernet Port Status LEDs show network connection status and activity. Power Status LED. Reset Switch. Front Panel Description Power Status LED Power Lights up when power is applied to the server. Ethernet Port Status LEDs Link (Ethernet Ports 1-4) Lights up when a Twisted Pair connection is made to another Ethernet device on that port. The LED should be on solid when there is a connection to a powered-on Ethernet device. Note that the device connected to the port must support the standard Link Integrity test. Activity (Ethernet Ports 1-4) Lights up when the server transmits or receives a packet through the Ethernet port. Page 58 Bandit User's Guide Serial Port Status LEDs Receive Lights up when the serial port receives data through the serial port. Transmit Lights up when the Bandit transmits data through the serial port. Carrier Detect Lights up when a carrier signal transmitted by a remote modem is detected on a serial port. The LED should be on solid during while connected to the ISP. Reset Switch Resets all server functions. Pushing the button causes all remote connections to be dropped immediately and reboots the server. The log file is erased when the Reset Switch is pushed. Note: There is no delay in disconnecting any existing remote connections. All lines are dropped as soon as reset is pushed. Page 59 Rear Panel Connectors The Bandit back panel is shown below and followed by a table defining each item. 5 VDC, 1.5A Power Input. Three 115.2 Kbps serial ports for high speed connections to the ISP. Four 10Base-TEthernet ports for creating small workgroups. Ports1-3 wired for connecting to computers. Port 4 wired for uplink to another hub. Modem Ports Standard DB9 connectors; use to connect RS-232 straight-through modem cable to an external modem. See Appendix A, Cable Specifications and Pinouts, for cable and connector pinout information. Applies to the ports labeled Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3. Ethernet Ports Ethernet ports 1, 2, and 3, labeled To Computer, connect computers to the Bandit using Twisted Pair cable with RJ45 connectors. Ethernet port 4, labeled To Hub, connects Bandit to the existing network hub using Twisted Pair cable with RJ45 connectors. Power Input Use to connect external power supply to server. Power supply provides 5 VDC at 1.5 A (supplied with Bandit). Page 60 Bandit User's Guide 6 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE This chapter identifies and provides solutions for problems that might be encountered using the Bandit PPP Remote Access Server. If you are unable to solve the problem, call our Customer Service/ Technical Support Hotline at (408) 844-9900. Or if you prefer, you can fax questions to (408) 844-9100 or send E-mail to tech@sonicsys.com. The Link LED is off (Twisted Pair network connection only). Make sure the server is powered on. Make sure the RJ45 connections are secure. Gently moving the cable back and forth should not make the Link LED turn on and off. Make sure the wiring follows the 10Base-T specification. Refer to the pinout diagram in Appendix A. Try replacing the cable with a known-good cable. The Collision LED is frequently lit. Make sure that the 10Base-T 100-meter maximum cable distance is not violated. Check physical connections to make sure theyre secure. Use Category 3 cables at a minimum. Do not use flat cable. Each wire should have a solid connector. For Thin Coax Ethernet, make sure the Ethernet cable is properly terminated at both ends. The Bandit cannot see a modem connected to it. Make sure the modem is powered up. Make sure the cable between the modem and the Bandit is good. Check the initialization string set up. Be sure to power off and power on the modem after changing the string. Test the modem in the Diagnostic window. The modem attached to the server wont dial-out. Make sure the server modem is powered on. Make sure the server modem is securely connected to the Bandit. Make sure the phone line is securely connected to the server modem. Make sure the phone line is connected between the server modem and the remote modem. Make sure the Bandit is configured with the correct modem initialization string for the modem. Change this string in the Serial Ports window. Be sure to power down and power on the modem after changing the string. Page 61 The server modem dials-out, but wont connect to the ISP. Make sure the modem is configured with the correct initialization string. Edit this string in the Serial Ports window. Be sure to power down and power up the modem after changing the string. Make sure hardware handshaking is enabled in the modem initialization string. Try lowering the serial port speed. All three Carrier Detect LEDs are on at Power-On-Self-Test (POST) The servers firmware is corrupted; upload new firmware. Do this by clicking the Upload button in the Status window. Page 62 Bandit User's Guide 7 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING Overview This chapter provides a non-technical overview of LANs, remote access servers, and the network protocols supported by the Bandit PPP Remote Access Server and accompanying software. The chapter also includes a discussion of Internet Protocol (IP) addressing. What is a Network? A network is a group of computers, printers, and other network devices that are connected to one another with hardware and software so they can share data and resources. Examples of networking hardware include cables, connectors, modems, network interface cards, hubs, and remote access servers. Software can be used to configure or monitor the hardware, or both. What is a LAN? LAN stands for Local Area Network. Local area refers to a network in one location, such as one floor, one building, or a campus. What is a Router? A router is a device which is used to connect two networks together. The most common form of router is used to connect an office to the Internet. Bandit is a router. Network Protocols Protocols are rules that networking hardware and software follow to commu- nicate with one another. The Bandit server supports PPP, IPX, AppleTalk, and TCP/ IP protocols. PPP PPP stands for Point-to-Point Protocol. This protocol provides host to network connections using asynchronous and synchronous communication. A host is any network device that lets users log in to a computer. In asynchronous communication, data is transferred one character at a time, usually over analog lines. Synchronous communication transfers data one bit at a time at much higher speeds, usually over digital lines. After each bit is sent, the sender and receiver resynchronize their internal clocks. IP, TCP IP stands for Internet Protocol. This protocol provides connectionless data transfer over a TCP/ IP network. Since IP alone does not provide end-to-end data reliability as well as some other services, other protocols such as TCP can be added to provide these services. TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. In TCP/ IP, TCP works with IP to ensure the integrity of the data traveling over the network. Page 63 IP Addressing To become part of an IP network, a network device must have an IP address. An IP address is a unique number that differentiates one device from another on the network to avoid confusion during communication. To help illustrate IP addresses, the following sections compare an IP address to the telephone numbering system, a system that is used every day. Like a phone number with its long distance 1 and area code, an IP address contains a set of four numbers. While we separate phone number components with dashes, for example 1-408-555-1212, IP address number components are separated by decimal points or dots (called dotted decimal notation), for example 123.45.67.89. Because computers use a binary number system, each number in the set must be less than 255. There are three components that contribute to an IP address: IP address Subnet mask Default gateway IP Address Just as each household or business requires a unique phone number, a networked device (such as a computer, printer, file server, or router) must have a unique IP address. Unlike phone numbers, in IP addressing it is necessary to always use the entire number when communicating with other devices. There are three classes of IP addresses: A, B, and C. Like a main business phone number that one can call and then be transferred through interchange numbers to an individuals extension number, the different classes of IP addresses provide for varying levels of interchanges or subnetworks and extensions or device numbers. The classes are based on estimated network size: Class A used for very large networks with hundreds of subnetworks and thousands of devices Class B used for medium to large networks with 10100 subnetworks and hundreds of devices Class C used for small to medium networks, usually with only a few subnetworks and less than 200 devices Just as one would go to the phone company for their phone number, there are controlling bodies for IP addresses. The overall controlling body for IP addresses worldwide is InterNIC. Businesses or individuals can request one or many IP addresses from InterNIC; its a good idea to estimate the networks future growth in the class and number of IP addresses requested. Page 64 Bandit User's Guide Most large centralized companies have a network manager in charge of all IP address numbers. Other companies have a distributed administration scheme that allows the local network manager to set local IP addresses. In this case, the local manager gets a sub network or interchange number from the companys central network manager and then assigns local IP address numbers. Subnet Mask As mentioned previously, the IP addressing system allows creation of subnetworks or interchanges and device numbers or extensions within those subnetworks. These numbers are created using a mathematical device called a subnet mask. A subnet mask, like the IP address, is a set of four numbers in dotted decimal notation. Subnet masks take three forms: 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 The number 255 masks out the corresponding number of the IP address, resulting in IP address numbers that are valid for the network. For example, an IP address of 123.45.67.89 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 results in a sub network number of 123.45.67.0 and a device number of 89. The IP address numbers that are actually valid to use are those assigned by InterNIC; otherwise, anyone could set up IP addresses that are duplicates of those at another company. The subnet mask used for the network typically corresponds to the class of IP address assigned. If the IP address is Class A, use a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0. Class B addresses use a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, and Class C IP addresses use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. Default Gateway A default gateway is like a long distance operator users can dial the operator to get assistance connecting to the end party. In complex networks with many subnetworks, gateways keep traffic from traveling between different subnetworks unless it is addressed to travel there. While this helps to keep overall network traffic more manageable, it also introduces another level of complexity. To communicate with a device on another network, one must go through a gateway that connects the two networks. Therefore, users need to know the default gateways IP address. If there is no gateway in the network, use an IP address of 0.0.0.0 in fields that apply to a default gateway. Page 65
12345678 RJ45 jack pinouts A - CABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND PINOUT DIAGRAMS This appendix lists cable requirements and provides pinout diagrams for the Bandit server. Cable Specifications The Bandit server supports the following cable types and maximum lengths. Hub to server can use 10Base-T Twisted Pair cable of up to 100 meters. Modem cable requires a DB9 connector to connect to the server line port. Pinout Diagrams RJ -45 Pin Function 1 RD+ 2 RD 3 TD + 4 5 6 TD 7 8 Page 66 Bandit User's Guide DB9 to DB25 Serial Cable Pinouts. DB9 Pin DB25 Pin Function 1 8 CD 2 3 RD 3 2 TD 4 20 DTR 5 7 SG 6 6 DSR 7 4 RTS 8 5 CTS 9 22 RI Page 67 B - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS The Bandit server has the following features: Ports 3 RS-232 serial 4 RJ45 Ethernet Ethernet Interface 10Base-T Twisted Pair: RJ45 Dimensions 8 X 4.25 X 1.5 inches 20.4 X 10.9 X 3.8 cm Weight 2.5 lbs 1.1 kg Power 5 VDC, 1.5 A LEDs Power, Link, Activity, Collision, Modem Transmit, Modem Receive, Carrier Detect Serial Port Speed 115.2 Kbps maximum Protocol Compatibility IPX, AppleTalk, TCP/ IP Page 68 Bandit User's Guide GLOSSARY 10Base-T A 10 Mbps baseband, Twisted Pair, point-to-point cable and repeater scheme providing local area network (LAN) services. client A program or computer that requests information from a server. collision A collision occurs when more than one station transmits onto the network, after determining that no signals were being transmitted onto the Ethernet cable. Data Communications Equipment (DCE) A unit that connects to a DTE to enable communication with another DTE/ DCE pair. In the RS-232 Framework, the most common DCE is a modem. data packet A single network message. This message includes a header, addressing information, the data itself, and sometimes a trailer. A data packet is also called a frame or datagram. Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) A communication station capable of reception of data, transmission of data, or both. In general, DTEs include nodes such as computers and non-intelligent terminals. Ethernet A local area network technology invented at Xerox Corporations Palo Alto Research Center. Ethernet is a best-effort delivery system that uses CSMA/ CD technology. Ethernet can run over a variety of cable schemes, including thick coaxial, thin coaxial, twisted pair, and fiber optic cable. Ethernet address See MAC address. firmware Software that resides in read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory. host Any network device that lets users log in to a computer. hub A hardware device that repeats signals at the physical Ethernet layer. A hub retains the behavior of a standard bus type network (such as Thinnet), but produces a star topology with the hub at the center of the star. This configuration enables centralized management. International Standards Organization (ISO) An international body that specifies standards for network protocols. ISO specifies a suite of protocols similar to TCP/ IP and is based on the seven-layer reference model. Internet Protocol (IP) An Internet standard protocol that defines a basic unit of data called a datagram. A datagram is used in a connectionless, best-effort delivery system. InterNIC International Network Information Center. The overall controlling body for IP addresses. To get IP addresses, contact Government Systems, Inc., Attn: Network Information Center, 14200 Meadow Park Drive, Suite 200, Chantilly, VA 22021. Page 69 IP gateway A special-purpose device that transfers IP datagrams from one network to another until the final destination is reached. Also called a router. Kbps Kilobits per second. link A pulse, exchanged over 10Base-T connections, between two end points to electrically indicate a valid connection. local area network (LAN) Any network technology that interconnects resources within an office environment, usually at high speeds, such as Ethernet. MAC address Medium Access Control address. An address that uniquely identifies the network interface card, such as the Ethernet adapter. For Ethernet, the MAC address is a 6-octet address assigned by the IEEE. Mbps Megabits per second. node A single, addressable device on a network. A network printer or a users Macintosh are examples of nodes. packet An organized chunk of information sent over a network. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) A protocol that enables computers to access a network remotely using a modem and standard telephone lines. protocol A set of rules that define how network devices communicate with one another. RJ11 Four- or six-wire Twisted Pair cable commonly used for phone systems. RJ45 Eight-wire Twisted Pair cable commonly used for data communications. RS-232 A data communications standard for interfacing a DTE, such as a computer, to a DCE, such as a modem, over a serial line. server A computer or machine that makes services available on a network to client programs. For example, files are stored on file servers, mail servers store and forward electronic mail, and remote access servers allow network connec- tion by off-site (remote) computers with the appropriate client software. synchronous A method of network transmission in which data is sent one bit at a time; then, after each bit is sent, the sender and receiver resynchronize their internal clocks. TCP/ IP Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. TCP ensures the integrity of the data traveling over the network, while IP provides connectionless data transfer services. Twisted Pair Ethernet See 10Base-T. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) The type of cable used by 10Base-T Ethernet. Page 70 Bandit User's Guide INDEX A Add Duration 44 Add Duration (seconds) 44 Add Threshold 44 Add Threshold (%bandwidth used) 44 Administrator Password 31 Advanced 43 all lines at once 44 Allow BootP clients to use range 48 ATD 45 B Bandit Status 27 Bandit's IP Address 30 C change the password 31 clock 32 Configuring the Ports 16 Connect Speed 28 Connect Time 28 Credit Card billing 45 Custom (Modem Name) 37 D data rate 35 date 32 Default Gateway 30, 47 default password 31 Delete Range 48 Delete Static 49 DHCP server 30 Dial on demand 44 Dial Prefix 45 Dialin 38 disconnects 33 Domain Name 47 Dynamic Ranges 47, 48 E Enable DHCP Server 47 Enable NAT Dial Out 17 Entering the ISP Account Information 17 H HTTP uploads 9, 14, 26 I Idle disconnect 45 Idle Time 29 Import 52 Init String 37 internal clock 32 Internet Protocol 29 IP Address 29, 30 IP traffic 55 ISP logins 33 ISP Name 39 J Java 9, 14, 26 L LAN IP Address 42 LAN Subnet Mask 30 Lease Time 47 Log 33 log 32 logins 33 logouts 33 M Manual Disconnect 29 Master Server 44 Modem 34 Modem 3 56 Modem Name 37 modem problems 33 Modem State 28 modem support 34 Page 71 Modem2 56 Modems 34, 37, 56 N NAT Dialout 35 NAT dialout 34 NAT IP Address 44 P Password 31, 40 Password Confirmation 31 PBX 45 percentage of bandwidth 44 Phone Number 39 Ping 55 Port Name 42 Port Number 42 Port Type 42 Pulse dial 45 R Range End 48 Range Start 48 Restart 50 S Selection 34 serial cable 56 Serial Speed 35, 37 serial speed 56 Server IP Address 47 server log 33 Set the Date and Time 16 Setup Wizard 29 Static Entries 48 Status 28 Subnet Mask 30, 47 T TCP 42 test 55 The Administrator's Password Window 30 The Network Settings Window 29 Time 32 time 32 time stamp 32 Tone dial 45 Tools 50 transport protocols 42 U UDP 42 User Name 28 Username 39 Page 72 Bandit User's Guide Part #M-072 Rev B. 12/ 98 Sonic Systems, Inc. 5400 Betsy Ross Dr., Suite 206 Santa Clara, CA 95054-1101 Tel: 408-844-9900 Fax: 408-844-9100 E-mail: sales@sonicsys.com Web: http:/ / www.sonicsys.com