Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities - Federal Safety Standards CFR-2009-Title49-Vol3-Part193

142
49 CFR Ch. I (10109 Edition) Pt. 193

[Amdt. 19295, 69 F R 18234, Apr. 6, 2004, as
amended by Amdt. 19295, May 26, 2004]
PART 193LIQUEFIED NATURAL
GAS FACILITIES: FEDERAL SAFETY
STANDARDS
Subpart AGeneral
Sec.
193.2001 Scope of part.
193.2003 [Reserved]
193.2005 Appl i cabi l i ty.
193.2007 Defi ni ti ons.
193.2009 Rul es of regul atory constructi on.
193.2011 Reporti ng.
193.2013 I ncorporati on by reference.
193.2015 [Reserved]
193.2017 Pl ans and procedures.
193.2019 Mobi l e and temporary L NG faci l i -
ti es.
Subpart BSiting Requirements
193.2051 Scope.
193.2055 [Reserved]
193.2057 Thermal radi ati on protecti on.
193.2059 F l ammabl e vapor-gas di spersi on
protecti on.
193.2061193.2065 [Reserved]
193.2067 Wi nd forces.
193.2069193.2073 [Reserved]
Subpart CDesign
193.2101 Scope.
MATERI AL S
193.2103193.2117 [Reserved]
193.2119 Records.
DESI GN OF COMPONENTS AND BUI L DI NGS
193.2121193.2153 [Reserved]
I MPOUNDMENT DESI GN AND CAPACI TY
193.2155 Structural requi rements.
193.2157193.2159 [Reserved]
193.2161 Di kes, general .
193.2163193.2165 [Reserved]
193.2167 Covered systems.
193.2169193.2171 [Reserved]
193.2173 Water removal .
193.2175193.2179 [Reserved]
193.2181 I mpoundment capaci ty: L NG stor-
age tanks.
193.2183193.2185 [Reserved]
L NG STORAGE TANKS
193.2187 Nonmetal l i c membrane l i ner.
193.2189193.2233 [Reserved]
Subpart DConstruction
193.2301 Scope.
193.2303 Constructi on acceptance.
193.2304 Corrosi on control overvi ew.
193.2305193.2319 [Reserved]
193.2321 Nondestructi ve tests.
193.2323193.2329 [Reserved]
Subpart EEquipment
193.2401 Scope.
VAPORI ZATI ON EQUI PMENT
193.2403193.2439 [Reserved]
193.2441 Control center.
193.2443 [Reserved]
193.2445 Sources of power.
Subpart FOperations
193.2501 Scope.
193.2503 Operati ng procedures.
193.2505 Cool down.
193.2507 Moni tori ng operati ons.
193.2509 Emergency procedures.
193.2511 Personnel safety.
193.2513 Transfer procedures.
193.2515 I nvesti gati ons of fai l ures.
193.2517 Purgi ng.
193.2519 Communi cati on systems.
193.2521 Operati ng records.
Subpart GMaintenance
193.2601 Scope.
193.2603 General .
193.2605 Mai ntenance procedures.
193.2607 F orei gn materi al .
193.2609 Support systems.
193.2611 F i re protecti on.
193.2613 Auxi l i ary power sources.
193.2615 I sol ati ng and purgi ng.
193.2617 Repai rs.
193.2619 Control systems.
193.2621 Testi ng transfer hoses.
193.2623 I nspecti ng L NG storage tanks.
193.2625 Corrosi on protecti on.
193.2627 Atmospheri c corrosi on control .
193.2629 External corrosi on control : buri ed
or submerged components.
193.2631 I nternal corrosi on control .
193.2633 I nterference currents.
193.2635 Moni tori ng corrosi on control .
193.2637 Remedi al measures.
193.2639 Mai ntenance records.
Subpart HPersonnel Qualifications and
Training
193.2701 Scope.
193.2703 Desi gn and fabri cati on.
193.2705 Constructi on, i nstal l ati on, i nspec-
ti on, and testi ng.
193.2707 Operati ons and mai ntenance.
193.2709 Securi ty.
193.2711 Personnel heal th.
193.2713 Trai ni ng: operati ons and mai nte-
nance.
193.2715 Trai ni ng: securi ty.
193.2717 Trai ni ng: fi re protecti on.
193.2719 Trai ni ng: records.
VerDate Nov<24>2008 08:10 Dec 07, 2009 Jkt 217214 PO 00000 Frm 00152 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\217214.XXX 217214
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Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, DOT 193.2007
Subpart IFire Protection
193.2801 F i re protecti on.
193.2803193.2821 [Reserved]
Subpart JSecurity
193.2901 Scope.
193.2903 Securi ty procedures.
193.2905 Protecti ve encl osures.
193.2907 Protecti ve encl osure constructi on.
193.2909 Securi ty communi cati ons.
193.2911 Securi ty l i ghti ng.
193.2913 Securi ty moni tori ng.
193.2915 Al ternati ve power sources.
193.2917 Warni ng si gns.
AUTHORI TY : 49 U.S.C. 5103, 60102, 60103,
60104, 60108, 60109, 60110, 60113, 60118; and 49
CF R 1.53.
SOURCE: 45 F R 9203, F eb. 11, 1980, unl ess
otherwi se noted.
EDI TORI AL NOTE: Nomencl ature changes to
part 193 appear at 71 F R 33408, J une 9, 2006.
Subpart AGeneral
193.2001 Scope of part.
(a) Thi s part prescri bes safety stand-
ards for L NG faci l i ti es used i n the
transportati on of gas by pi pel i ne that
i s subj ect to the pi pel i ne safety l aws
(49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.) and Part 192 of
thi s chapter.
(b) Thi s part does not appl y to:
(1) L NG faci l i ti es used by ul ti mate
consumers of L NG or natural gas.
(2) L NG faci l i ti es used i n the course
of natural gas treatment or hydro-
carbon extracti on whi ch do not store
L NG.
(3) I n the case of a mari ne cargo
transfer system and associ ated faci l i -
ti es, any matter other than si ti ng per-
tai ni ng to the system or faci l i ti es be-
tween the mari ne vessel and the l ast
mani fol d (or i n the absence of a mani -
fol d, the l ast val ve) l ocated i mme-
di atel y before a storage tank.
(4) Any L NG faci l i ty l ocated i n navi -
gabl e waters (as defi ned i n Secti on 3(8)
of the F ederal Power Act (16 U.S.C.
796(8)).
[45 F R 9203, F eb. 11, 1980, as amended by
Amdt. 1931, 45 F R 57418, Aug. 28, 1980; Amdt.
19310, 61 F R 18517, Apr. 26, 1996]
193.2003 [Reserved]
193.2005 Applicability.
(a) Regul ati ons i n thi s part gov-
erni ng si ti ng, desi gn, i nstal l ati on, or
constructi on of L NG faci l i ti es (i ncl ud-
i ng materi al i ncorporated by reference
i n these regul ati ons) do not appl y to
L NG faci l i ti es i n exi stence or under
constructi on when the regul ati ons go
i nto effect.
(b) I f an exi sti ng L NG faci l i ty (or fa-
ci l i ty under constructi on before March
31, 2000 i s repl aced, rel ocated or si gni fi -
cantl y al tered after March 31, 2000, the
faci l i ty must compl y wi th the appl i ca-
bl e requi rements of thi s part gov-
erni ng, si ti ng, desi gn, i nstal l ati on, and
constructi on, except that:
(1) The si ti ng requi rements appl y
onl y to L NG storage tanks that are si g-
ni fi cantl y al tered by i ncreasi ng the
ori gi nal storage capaci ty or rel ocated,
and
(2) To the extent compl i ance wi th the
desi gn, i nstal l ati on, and constructi on
requi rements woul d make the repl aced,
rel ocated, or al tered faci l i ty i ncompat-
i bl e wi th the other faci l i ti es or woul d
otherwi se be i mpracti cal , the repl aced,
rel ocated, or si gni fi cantl y al tered faci l -
i ty may be desi gned, i nstal l ed, or con-
structed i n accordance wi th the ori gi -
nal speci fi cati ons for the faci l i ty, or i n
another manner subj ect to the ap-
proval of the Admi ni strator.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10958, Mar. 1, 2000, as
amended by Amdt. 19318, 69 F R 11336, Mar.
10, 2004]
193.2007 Definitions.
As used i n thi s part:
Administrator means the Admi ni s-
trator, Pi pel i ne and Hazardous Mate-
ri al s Safety Admi ni strati on or hi s or
her del egate.
Ambient vaporizer means a vapori zer
whi ch deri ves heat from natural l y oc-
curri ng heat sources, such as the at-
mosphere, sea water, surface waters, or
geothermal waters.
Cargo transfer system means a compo-
nent, or system of components func-
ti oni ng as a uni t, used excl usi vel y for
transferri ng hazardous fl ui ds i n bul k
between a tank car, tank truck, or ma-
ri ne vessel and a storage tank.
Component means any part, or system
of parts functi oni ng as a uni t, i ncl ud-
i ng, but not l i mi ted to, pi pi ng, proc-
essi ng equi pment, contai ners, control
devi ces, i mpoundi ng systems, l i ghti ng,
securi ty devi ces, fi re control equi p-
ment, and communi cati on equi pment,
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49 CFR Ch. I (10109 Edition) 193.2007
whose i ntegri ty or rel i abi l i ty i s nec-
essary to mai ntai n safety i n control -
l i ng, processi ng, or contai ni ng a haz-
ardous fl ui d.
Container means a component other
than pi pi ng that contai ns a hazardous
fl ui d.
Control system means a component, or
system of components functi oni ng as a
uni t, i ncl udi ng control val ves and sens-
i ng, warni ng, rel i ef, shutdown, and
other control devi ces, whi ch i s acti -
vated ei ther manual l y or automati -
cal l y to establ i sh or mai ntai n the per-
formance of another component.
Controllable emergency means an
emergency where reasonabl e and pru-
dent acti on can prevent harm to peopl e
or property.
Design pressure means the pressure
used i n the desi gn of components for
the purpose of determi ni ng the mi n-
i mum permi ssi bl e thi ckness or phys-
i cal characteri sti cs of i ts vari ous parts.
When appl i cabl e, stati c head shal l be
i ncl uded i n the desi gn pressure to de-
termi ne the thi ckness of any speci fi c
part.
Determine means make an appro-
pri ate i nvesti gati on usi ng sci enti fi c
methods, reach a deci si on based on
sound engi neeri ng j udgment, and be
abl e to demonstrate the basi s of the de-
ci si on.
Dike means the peri meter of an i m-
poundi ng space formi ng a barri er to
prevent l i qui d from fl owi ng i n an uni n-
tended di recti on.
Emergency means a devi ati on from
normal operati on, a structural fai l ure,
or severe envi ronmental condi ti ons
that probabl y woul d cause harm to
peopl e or property.
Exclusion zone means an area sur-
roundi ng an L NG faci l i ty i n whi ch an
operator or government agency l egal l y
control s al l acti vi ti es i n accordance
wi th 193.2057 and 193.2059 for as l ong
as the faci l i ty i s i n operati on.
Fail-safe means a desi gn feature
whi ch wi l l mai ntai n or resul t i n a safe
condi ti on i n the event of mal functi on
or fai l ure of a power suppl y, compo-
nent, or control devi ce.
g means the standard accel erati on of
gravi ty of 9.806 meters per second
2

(32.17 feet per second
2
).
Gas, except when desi gnated as i nert,
means natural gas, other fl ammabl e
gas, or gas whi ch i s toxi c or corrosi ve.
Hazardous fluid means gas or haz-
ardous l i qui d.
Hazardous liquid means L NG or a l i q-
ui d that i s fl ammabl e or toxi c.
Heated vaporizer means a vapori zer
whi ch deri ves heat from other than
natural l y occurri ng heat sources.
I mpounding space means a vol ume of
space formed by di kes and fl oors whi ch
i s desi gned to confi ne a spi l l of haz-
ardous l i qui d.
I mpounding system i ncl udes an i m-
poundi ng space, i ncl udi ng di kes and
fl oors for conducti ng the fl ow of spi l l ed
hazardous l i qui ds to an i mpoundi ng
space.
L iquefied natural gas or L NG means
natural gas or syntheti c gas havi ng
methane (CH4) as i ts maj or consti tuent
whi ch has been changed to a l i qui d.
L NG facility means a pi pel i ne faci l i ty
that i s used for l i quefyi ng natural gas
or syntheti c gas or transferri ng, stor-
i ng, or vapori zi ng l i quefi ed natural gas.
L NG plant means an L NG faci l i ty or
system of L NG faci l i ti es functi oni ng as
a uni t.
m
3
means a vol umetri c uni t whi ch i s
one cubi c metre, 6.2898 barrel s, 35.3147
ft.
3
, or 264.1720 U.S. gal l ons, each vol -
ume bei ng consi dered as equal to the
other.
Maximum allowable working pressure
means the maxi mum gage pressure per-
mi ssi bl e at the top of the equi pment,
contai ners or pressure vessel s whi l e op-
erati ng at desi gn temperature.
Normal operation means functi oni ng
wi thi n ranges of pressure, temperature,
fl ow, or other operati ng cri teri a re-
qui red by thi s part.
Operator means a person who owns or
operates an L NG faci l i ty.
Person means any i ndi vi dual , fi rm,
j oi nt venture, partnershi p, corporati on,
associ ati on, state, muni ci pal i ty, coop-
erati ve associ ati on, or j oi nt stock asso-
ci ati on and i ncl udes any trustee, re-
cei ver, assi gnee, or personal represent-
ati ve thereof.
Pipeline facility means new and exi st-
i ng pi pi ng, ri ghts-of-way, and any
equi pment, faci l i ty, or bui l di ng used i n
the transportati on of gas or i n the
treatment of gas duri ng the course of
transportati on.
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Piping means pi pe, tubi ng, hoses, fi t-
ti ngs, val ves, pumps, connecti ons, safe-
ty devi ces or rel ated components for
contai ni ng the fl ow of hazardous fl ui ds.
Storage tank means a contai ner for
stori ng a hazardous fl ui d.
Transfer piping means a system of
permanent and temporary pi pi ng used
for transferri ng hazardous fl ui ds be-
tween any of the fol l owi ng: L i que-
facti on process faci l i ti es, storage
tanks, vapori zers, compressors, cargo
transfer systems, and faci l i ti es other
than pi pel i ne faci l i ti es.
Transfer system i ncl udes transfer pi p-
i ng and cargo transfer system.
Vaporization means an addi ti on of
thermal energy changi ng a l i qui d to a
vapor or gaseous state.
Vaporizer means a heat transfer faci l -
i ty desi gned to i ntroduce thermal en-
ergy i n a control l ed manner for chang-
i ng a l i qui d to a vapor or gaseous state.
Waterfront L NG plant means an L NG
pl ant wi th docks, wharves, pi ers, or
other structures i n, on, or i mmedi atel y
adj acent to the navi gabl e waters of the
Uni ted States or Puerto Ri co and any
shore area i mmedi atel y adj acent to
those waters to whi ch vessel s may be
secured and at whi ch L NG cargo oper-
ati ons may be conducted.
Amdt. 1931, 45 F R 57418, Aug. 28, 1980; Amdt.
1932, 45 F R 70404, Oct. 23, 1980; Amdt. 19310,
61 F R 18517, Apr. 26, 1996; Amdt. 19317, 65 F R
10958, Mar. 1, 2000; 68 F R 11749, Mar. 12, 2003;
70 F R 11140, Mar. 8, 2005]
193.2009 Rules of regulatory con-
struction.
(a) As used i n thi s part:
(1) I ncludes means i ncl udi ng but not
l i mi ted to;
(2) May means i s permi tted to or i s
authori zed to;
(3) May not means i s not permi tted to
or i s not authori zed to; and
(4) Shall or must i s used i n the manda-
tory and i mperati ve sense.
(b) I n thi s part:
(1) Words i mporti ng the si ngul ar i n-
cl ude the pl ural ; and
(2) Words i mporti ng the pl ural i n-
cl ude the si ngul ar.
193.2011 Reporting.
L eaks and spi l l s of L NG must be re-
ported i n accordance wi th the requi re-
ments of part 191 of thi s chapter.
193.2013 Incorporation by reference.
(a) Any document or porti on thereof
i ncorporated by reference i n thi s part
i s i ncl uded i n thi s part as though i t
were pri nted i n ful l . When onl y a por-
ti on of a document i s referenced, then
thi s part i ncorporates onl y that ref-
erenced porti on of the document and
the remai nder i s not i ncorporated. Ap-
pl i cabl e edi ti ons are l i sted i n para-
graph (c) of thi s secti on i n parentheses
fol l owi ng the ti tl e of the referenced
materi al . Earl i er edi ti ons l i sted i n pre-
vi ous edi ti ons of thi s secti on may be
used for components manufactured, de-
si gned, or i nstal l ed i n accordance wi th
those earl i er edi ti ons at the ti me they
were l i sted. The user must refer to the
appropri ate previ ous edi ti on of 49 CF R
for a l i sti ng of the earl i er edi ti ons.
(b) Al l i ncorporated materi al s are
avai l abl e for i nspecti on i n the Pi pel i ne
and Hazardous Materi al s Safety Ad-
mi ni strati on, PHP30, 1200 New J ersey
Avenue, SE., Washi ngton, DC, 20590
0001, or at the Nati onal Archi ves and
Records Admi ni strati on (NARA). F or
i nformati on on the avai l abi l i ty of thi s
materi al at NARA, cal l 2027416030 or
go to: http://www.archives.gov/
federallregister/
codeloflfederallregulations/
I BRllocations.html.
Documents i ncorporated by reference
are avai l abl e from the publ i shers as
fol l ows:
A. Ameri can Gas Associ ati on (AGA),
400 North Capi tol Street, NW., Wash-
i ngton, DC 20001.
B. Ameri can Soci ety of Ci vi l Engi -
neers (ASCE), Paral l el Centre, 1801 Al -
exander Bel l Dri ve, Reston, VA 20191
4400.
C. ASME I nternati onal (ASME),
Three Park Avenue, New Y ork, NY
100165990.
D. Gas Technol ogy I nsti tute (GTI ),
1700 S. Mount Prospect Road, Des
Pl ai nes, I L 60018.
E. Nati onal F i re Protecti on Associ a-
ti on (NF PA), 1 Batterymarch Park,
P.O. Box 9101, Qui ncy, MA 022699101.
(c) Documents i ncorporated by ref-
erence.
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49 CFR Ch. I (10109 Edition) 193.2015
Source and name of referenced material 49 CFR reference
A. American Gas Association (AGA):
(1) Purging Principles and Practices, (3rd edition, 2001). .................................. 193.2513; 193.2517; 193.2615.
B. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE):
(1) SEI/ASCE 702 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Struc-
tures, (2002 edition)..
193.2067.
C. ASME International (ASME):
(1) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Rules for
Construction of Pressure Vessels, (2004 edition, including addenda through
July 1, 2005).
193.2321.
(2) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2, Rules for
Construction of Pressure VesselsAlternative Rules, (2004 edition, including
addenda through July 1, 2005).
193.2321.
D. Gas Technology Institute (GTI):
(1) GRI89/0176 LNGFIRE: A Thermal Radiation Model for LNG Fires, (June
29, 1990).
193.2057.
(2) GTI04/0049 (April 2004) LNG Vapor Dispersion Prediction with the
DEGADIS 2.1: Dense Gas Dispersion Model for LNG Vapor Dispersion.
193.2059.
(3) GRI96/0396.5 Evaluation of Mitigation Methods for Accidental LNG Re-
leases, Volume 5: Using FEM3A for LNG Accident Consequence Analyses,
(April 1997).
193.2059.
E. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA):
(1) NFPA 59A (2001) Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)..
193.2019; 193.2051; 193.2057;
193.2059; 193.2101; 193.2301;
193.2303; 193.2401; 193.2521;
193.2639; 193.2801.
[Amdt. 19319, 71 F R 33408, J une 9, 2006; 73 F R
16570, Mar. 28, 2008; 74 F R 2894, J an. 16, 2009]
193.2015 [Reserved]
193.2017 Plans and procedures.
(a) Each operator shal l mai ntai n at
each L NG pl ant the pl ans and proce-
dures requi red for that pl ant by thi s
part. The pl ans and procedures must be
avai l abl e upon request for revi ew and
i nspecti on by the Admi ni strator or any
State Agency that has submi tted a cur-
rent certi fi cati on or agreement wi th
respect to the pl ant under the pi pel i ne
safety l aws (49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.). I n
addi ti on, each change to the pl ans or
procedures must be avai l abl e at the
L NG pl ant for revi ew and i nspecti on
wi thi n 20 days after the change i s
made.
(b) The Admi ni strator or the State
Agency that has submi tted a current
certi fi cati on under secti on 5(a) of the
Natural Gas Pi pel i ne Safety Act wi th
respect to the pi pel i ne faci l i ty gov-
erned by an operators pl ans and proce-
dures may, after noti ce and oppor-
tuni ty for heari ng as provi ded i n 49
CF R 190.237 or the rel evant State pro-
cedures, requi re the operator to amend
i ts pl ans and procedures as necessary
to provi de a reasonabl e l evel of safety.
(c) Each operator must revi ew and
update the pl ans and procedures re-
qui red by thi s part
(1) When a component i s changed si g-
ni fi cantl y or a new component i s i n-
stal l ed; and
(2) At i nterval s not exceedi ng 27
months, but at l east once every 2 cal -
endar years.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70404, Oct. 23, 1980, as
amended by Amdt. 1937, 56 F R 31090, J ul y 9,
1991; Amdt. 19310, 61 F R 18517, Apr. 26, 1996;
Amdt. 19318, 69 F R 11336, Mar. 10, 2004]
193.2019 Mobile and temporary LNG
facilities.
(a) Mobi l e and temporary L NG faci l i -
ti es for peakshavi ng appl i cati on, for
servi ce mai ntenance duri ng gas pi pe-
l i ne systems repai r/al terati on, or for
other short term appl i cati ons need not
meet the requi rements of thi s part i f
the faci l i ti es are i n compl i ance wi th
appl i cabl e secti ons of NF PA 59A (i ncor-
porated by reference, see 193.2013).
(b) The State agency havi ng j uri sdi c-
ti on over pi pel i ne safety i n the State i n
whi ch the portabl e L NG equi pment i s
to be l ocated must be provi ded wi th a
l ocati on descri pti on for the i nstal l a-
ti on at l east 2 weeks i n advance, i n-
cl udi ng to the extent practi cal , the de-
tai l s of si ti ng, l eakage contai nment or
control , fi re fi ghti ng equi pment, and
methods empl oyed to restri ct publ i c
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access, except that i n the case of emer-
gency where such noti ce i s not pos-
si bl e, as much advance noti ce as pos-
si bl e must be provi ded.
[Amdt. 19314, 62 F R 41311, Aug. 1, 1997, as
amended by Amdt. 19318, 11336, Mar. 10, 2004]
Subpart BSiting Requirements
193.2051 Scope.
Each L NG faci l i ty desi gned, con-
structed, repl aced, rel ocated or si gni fi -
cantl y al tered after March 31, 2000
must be provi ded wi th si ti ng requi re-
ments i n accordance wi th the requi re-
ments of thi s part and of NF PA 59A
(i ncorporated by reference, see
193.2013). I n the event of a confl i ct be-
tween thi s part and NF PA 59A, thi s
part prevai l s.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10958, Mar. 1, 2000, as
10, 2004]
193.2055 [Reserved]
193.2057 Thermal radiation protec-
tion.
Each L NG contai ner and L NG trans-
fer system must have a thermal excl u-
si on zone i n accordance wi th secti on
2.2.3.2 of NF PA 59A (i ncorporated by
reference, see 193.2013) wi th the fol -
l owi ng excepti ons:
(a) The thermal radi ati on di stances
shal l be cal cul ated usi ng Gas Research
I nsti tutes (GRI ) report GRI 89/0176 (i n-
corporated by reference, see 193.2013),
whi ch i s al so avai l abl e as the
L NGF I RE I I I computer model pro-
duced by GRI . The use of other al ter-
nate model s whi ch take i nto account
the same physi cal factors and have
been val i dated by experi mental test
data shal l be permi tted subj ect to the
Admi ni strators approval .
(b) I n cal cul ati ng excl usi on di s-
tances, the wi nd speed produci ng the
maxi mum excl usi on di stances shal l be
used except for wi nd speeds that occur
l ess than 5 percent of the ti me based on
recorded data for the area.
(c) I n cal cul ati ng excl usi on di s-
tances, the ambi ent temperature and
rel ati ve humi di ty that produce the
maxi mum excl usi on di stances shal l be
used except for val ues that occur l ess
than fi ve percent of the ti me based on
recorded data for the area.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10958, Mar. 1, 2000, as
10, 2004]
193.2059 Flammable vapor-gas dis-
persion protection.
Each L NG contai ner and L NG trans-
fer system must have a di spersi on ex-
cl usi on zone i n accordance wi th sec-
ti ons 2.2.3.3 and 2.2.3.4 of NF PA 59A (i n-
corporated by reference, see 193.2013)
wi th the fol l owi ng excepti ons:
(a) F l ammabl e vapor-gas di spersi on
di stances must be determi ned i n ac-
cordance wi th the model descri bed i n
the Gas Research I nsti tute report GRI
89/0242 (i ncorporated by reference, see
193.2013), L NG Vapor Di spersi on Pre-
di cti on wi th the DEGADI S Dense Gas
Di spersi on Model . Al ternati vel y, i n
order to account for addi ti onal cl oud
di l uti on whi ch may be caused by the
compl ex fl ow patterns i nduced by tank
and di ke structure, di spersi on di s-
tances may be cal cul ated i n accordance
wi th the model descri bed i n the Gas
Research I nsti tute report GRI 96/0396.5
(i ncorporated by reference, see
193.2013), Eval uati on of Mi ti gati on
Methods for Acci dental L NG Rel eases.
Vol ume 5: Usi ng F EM3A for L NG Acci -
dent Consequence Anal yses. The use
of al ternate model s whi ch take i nto ac-
count the same physi cal factors and
have been val i dated by experi mental
test data shal l be permi tted, subj ect to
the Admi ni strators approval .
(b) The fol l owi ng di spersi on param-
eters must be used i n computi ng di s-
persi on di stances:
(1) Average gas concentrati on i n ai r =
2.5 percent.
(2) Di spersi on condi ti ons are a com-
bi nati on of those whi ch resul t i n l onger
predi cted downwi nd di spersi on di s-
tances than other weather condi ti ons
at the si te at l east 90 percent of the
ti me, based on fi gures mai ntai ned by
Nati onal Weather Servi ce of the U.S.
Department of Commerce, or as an al -
ternati ve where the model used gi ves
l onger di stances at l ower wi nd speeds,
Atmospheri c Stabi l i ty (Pasqui l l Cl ass)
F , wi nd speed = 4.5 mi l es per hour (2.01
meters/sec) at reference hei ght of 10
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49 CFR Ch. I (10109 Edition) 193.2061193.2065
meters, rel ati ve humi di ty = 50.0 per-
cent, and atmospheri c temperature =
average i n the regi on.
(3) The el evati on for contour (recep-
tor) output H = 0.5 meters.
(4) A surface roughness factor of 0.03
meters shal l be used. Hi gher val ues for
the roughness factor may be used i f i t
can be shown that the terrai n both
upwi nd and downwi nd of the vapor
cl oud has dense vegetati on and that
the vapor cl oud hei ght i s more than
ten ti mes the hei ght of the obstacl es
encountered by the vapor cl oud.
(c) The desi gn spi l l shal l be deter-
mi ned i n accordance wi th secti on
2.2.3.5 of NF PA 59A (i ncorporated by
reference, see 193.2013).
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10959, Mar. 1, 2000, as
10, 2004]
193.2061193.2065 [Reserved]
193.2067 Wind forces.
(a) L NG faci l i ti es must be desi gned
to wi thstand wi thout l oss of structural
or functi onal i ntegri ty:
(1) The di rect effect of wi nd forces;
(2) The pressure di fferenti al between
the i nteri or and exteri or of a confi ni ng,
or parti al l y confi ni ng, structure; and
(3) I n the case of i mpoundi ng systems
for L NG storage tanks, i mpact forces
and potenti al penetrati ons by wi nd
borne mi ssi l es.
(b) The wi nd forces at the l ocati on of
the speci fi c faci l i ty must be based on
one of the fol l owi ng:
(1) F or shop fabri cated contai ners of
L NG or other hazardous fl ui ds wi th a
capaci ty of not more than 70,000 gal -
l ons, appl i cabl e wi nd l oad data i n SEI /
ASCE 702 (i ncorporated by reference,
see 193.2013).
(2) F or al l other L NG faci l i ti es:
(i ) An assumed sustai ned wi nd vel oc-
i ty of not l ess than 150 mi l es per hour,
unl ess the Admi ni strator fi nds a l ower
vel oci ty i s j usti fi ed by adequate sup-
porti ve data; or
(i i ) The most cri ti cal combi nati on of
wi nd vel oci ty and durati on, wi th re-
spect to the effect on the structure,
havi ng a probabi l i ty of exceedance i n a
50-year peri od of 0.5 percent or l ess, i f
adequate wi nd data are avai l abl e and
the probabi l i sti c methodol ogy i s rel i -
abl e.
Amdt. 1931, 45 F R 57419, Aug. 28, 1980; 58 F R
14522, Mar. 18, 1993; Amdt. 19316, 63 F R 37505,
J ul y 13, 1998; Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10959, Mar.
1, 2000; Amdt. 19319, 71 F R 33409, J une 9, 2006]
193.2069193.2073 [Reserved]
Subpart CDesign
193.2101 Scope.
Each L NG faci l i ty desi gned after
March 31, 2000 must compl y wi th re-
qui rements of thi s part and of NF PA
59A (i ncorporated by reference, see
part prevai l s.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10959, Mar. 1, 2000, as
10, 2004]
MATERI AL S
193.2103193.2117 [Reserved]
193.2119 Records
Each operator shal l keep a record of
al l materi al s for components, bui l d-
i ngs, foundati ons, and support systems,
as necessary to veri fy that materi al
properti es meet the requi rements of
thi s part. These records must be mai n-
tai ned for the l i fe of the i tem con-
cerned.
DESI GN OF COMPONENTS AND BUI L DI NGS
193.2121193.2153 [Reserved]
I MPOUNDMENT DESI GN AND CAPACI TY
193.2155 Structural requirements.
(a) The structural members of an i m-
poundment system must be desi gned
and constructed to prevent i mpai rment
of the systems performance rel i abi l i ty
and structural i ntegri ty as a resul t of
the fol l owi ng:
(1) The i mposed l oadi ng from
(i ) F ul l hydrostati c head of i m-
pounded L NG;
(i i ) Hydrodynami c acti on, i ncl udi ng
the effect of any materi al i nj ected i nto
the system for spi l l control ;
(i i i ) The i mpi ngement of the traj ec-
tory of an L NG j et di scharged at any
predi ctabl e angl e; and
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(i v) Anti ci pated hydraul i c forces
from a credi bl e openi ng i n the compo-
nent or i tem served, assumi ng that the
di scharge pressure equal s desi gn pres-
sure.
(2) The erosi ve acti on from a spi l l , i n-
cl udi ng j etti ng of spi l l i ng L NG, and
any other anti ci pated erosi ve acti on
i ncl udi ng surface water runoff, i ce for-
mati on, di sl odgement of i ce formati on,
and snow removal .
(3) The effect of the temperature, any
thermal gradi ent, and any other anti ci -
pated degradati on resul ti ng from sud-
den or l ocal i zed contact wi th L NG.
(4) Exposure to fi re from i mpounded
L NG or from sources other than i m-
pounded L NG.
(5) I f appl i cabl e, the potenti al i mpact
and l oadi ng on the di ke due to
(i ) Col l apse of the component or i tem
served or adj acent components; and
(i i ) I f the L NG faci l i ty adj oi ns the
ri ght-of-way of any hi ghway or rai l -
road, col l i si on by or expl osi on of a
trai n, tank car, or tank truck that
coul d reasonabl y be expected to cause
the most severe l oadi ng.
(b) An L NG storage tank must not be
l ocated wi thi n a hori zontal di stance of
one mi l e (1.6 km) from the ends, or
1
4
mi l e (0.4 km) from the nearest poi nt of
a runway, whi chever i s l onger. The
hei ght of L NG structures i n the vi ci n-
i ty of an ai rport must al so compl y wi th
F ederal Avi ati on Admi ni strati on re-
qui rements i n 14 CF R Secti on 1.1.
Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10959, Mar. 1, 2000]
193.2157193.2159 [Reserved]
193.2161 Dikes, general.
An outer wal l of a component served
by an i mpoundi ng system may not be
used as a di ke unl ess the outer wal l i s
constructed of concrete.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10959, Mar. 1, 2000]
193.2163193.2165 [Reserved]
193.2167 Covered systems.
A covered i mpoundi ng system i s pro-
hi bi ted except for concrete wal l de-
si gned tanks where the concrete wal l i s
an outer wal l servi ng as a di ke.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10959, Mar. 1, 2000]
193.2169193.2171 [Reserved]
193.2173 Water removal.
(a) I mpoundment areas must be con-
structed such that al l areas drai n com-
pl etel y to prevent water col l ecti on.
Drai nage pumps and pi pi ng must be
provi ded to remove water from col -
l ecti ng i n the i mpoundment area. Al -
ternati ve means of drai ni ng may be ac-
ceptabl e subj ect to the Admi ni strators
approval .
(b) The water removal system must
have adequate capaci ty to remove
water at a rate equal to 25% of the
maxi mum predi ctabl e col l ecti on rate
from a storm of 10-year frequency and
1-hour durati on, and other natural
causes. F or rai nfal l amounts, operators
must use the Rai nfal l F requency
Atl as of the Uni ted States publ i shed
by the Nati onal Weather Servi ce of the
U.S. Department of Commerce.
(c) Sump pumps for water removal
must
(1) Be operated as necessary to keep
the i mpoundi ng space as dry as prac-
ti cal ; and
(2) I f sump pumps are desi gned for
automati c operati on, have redundant
automati c shutdown control s to pre-
vent operati on when L NG i s present.
Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10959, Mar. 1, 2000]
193.2175193.2179 [Reserved]
193.2181 Impoundment capacity:
LNG storage tanks.
Each i mpoundi ng system servi ng an
L NG storage tank must have a mi n-
i mum vol umetri c l i qui d i mpoundment
capaci ty of:
(a) 110 percent of the L NG tanks
maxi mum l i qui d capaci ty for an i m-
poundment servi ng a si ngl e tank;
(b) 100 percent of al l tanks or 110 per-
cent of the l argest tanks maxi mum
l i qui d capaci ty, whi chever i s greater,
for the i mpoundment servi ng more
than one tank; or
(c) I f the di ke i s desi gned to account
for a surge i n the event of catastrophi c
fai l ure, then the i mpoundment capac-
i ty may be reduced to 100 percent i n
l i eu of 110 percent.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10960, Mar. 1, 2000]
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49 CFR Ch. I (10109 Edition) 193.2183193.2185
193.2183193.2185 [Reserved]
L NG STORAGE TANKS
193.2187 Nonmetallic membrane
liner.
A fl ammabl e nonmetal l i c membrane
l i ner may not be used as an i nner con-
tai ner i n a storage tank.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10960, Mar. 1, 2000]
193.2189193.2233 [Reserved]
Subpart DConstruction
193.2301 Scope.
Each L NG faci l i ty constructed after
March 31, 2000 must compl y wi th re-
qui rements of thi s part and of NF PA
59A (i ncorporated by reference see
part prevai l s.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10960, Mar. 1, 2000, as
10, 2004]
193.2303 Construction acceptance.
No person may pl ace i n servi ce any
component unti l i t passes al l appl i ca-
bl e i nspecti ons and tests prescri bed by
thi s subpart and NF PA 59A (i ncor-
Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10960, Mar. 1, 2000; Amdt.
19318, 69 F R 11337, Mar. 10, 2004]
193.2304 Corrosion control overview.
(a) Subj ect to paragraph (b) of thi s
secti on, components may not be con-
structed, repai red, repl aced, or si gni fi -
cantl y al tered unti l a person qual i fi ed
under 193.2707(c) revi ews the appl i ca-
bl e desi gn drawi ngs and materi al s spec-
i fi cati ons from a corrosi on control
vi ewpoi nt and determi nes that the ma-
teri al s i nvol ved wi l l not i mpai r the
safety or rel i abi l i ty of the component
or any associ ated components.
(b) The repai r, repl acement, or si g-
ni fi cant al terati on of components must
be revi ewed onl y i f the acti on to be
taken
(1) I nvol ves a change i n the ori gi nal
materi al s speci fi ed;
(2) I s due to a fai l ure caused by corro-
si on; or
(3) I s occasi oned by i nspecti on re-
veal i ng a si gni fi cant deteri orati on of
the component due to corrosi on.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70404, Oct. 23, 1980]
193.2305193.2319 [Reserved]
193.2321 Nondestructive tests.
The butt wel ds i n metal shel l s of
storage tanks wi th i nternal desi gn
pressure above 15 psi g must be radi o-
graphi cal l y tested i n accordance wi th
the ASME Boi l er and Pressure Vessel
Code (Secti on VI I I Di vi si on 1), except
that hydraul i c l oad beari ng shel l s wi th
curved surfaces that are subj ect to
cryogeni c temperatures, 100 percent of
both l ongi tudi nal (or meri di onal ) and
ci rcumferenti al (or l ati tudi nal ) wel ds
must be radi ographi cal l y tested.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10960, Mar. 1, 2000]
193.2323193.2329 [Reserved]
Subpart EEquipment
193.2401 Scope.
After March 31, 2000, each new, re-
pl aced, rel ocated or si gni fi cantl y al -
tered vapori zati on equi pment, l i que-
facti on equi pment, and control systems
must be desi gned, fabri cated, and i n-
stal l ed i n accordance wi th requi re-
ments of thi s part and of NF PA 59A. I n
the event of a confl i ct between thi s
part and NF PA 59A (i ncorporated by
reference, see 193.2013), thi s part pre-
vai l s.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10960, Mar. 1, 2000, as
10, 2004]
VAPORI ZATI ON EQUI PMENT
193.2403193.2439 [Reserved]
193.2441 Control center.
Each L NG pl ant must have a control
center from whi ch operati ons and
warni ng devi ces are moni tored as re-
qui red by thi s part. A control center
must have the fol l owi ng capabi l i ti es
and characteri sti cs:
(a) I t must be l ocated apart or pro-
tected from other L NG faci l i ti es so
that i t i s operati onal duri ng a control -
l abl e emergency.
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(b) Each remotel y actuated control
system and each automati c shutdown
control system requi red by thi s part
must be operabl e from the control cen-
ter.
(c) Each control center must have
personnel i n conti nuous attendance
whi l e any of the components under i ts
control are i n operati on, unl ess the
control i s bei ng performed from an-
other control center whi ch has per-
sonnel i n conti nuous attendance.
(d) I f more than one control center i s
l ocated at an L NG Pl ant, each control
center must have more than one means
of communi cati on wi th each other cen-
ter.
(e) Each control center must have a
means of communi cati ng a warni ng of
hazardous condi ti ons to other l ocati ons
wi thi n the pl ant frequented by per-
sonnel .
193.2443 [Reserved]
193.2445 Sources of power.
(a) El ectri cal control systems, means
of communi cati on, emergency l i ghti ng,
and fi refi ghti ng systems must have at
l east two sources of power whi ch func-
ti on so that fai l ure of one source does
not affect the capabi l i ty of the other
source.
(b) Where auxi l i ary generators are
used as a second source of el ectri cal
power:
(1) They must be l ocated apart or
protected from components so that
they are not unusabl e duri ng a control -
l abl e emergency; and
(2) F uel suppl y must be protected
from hazards.
Subpart FOperations
SOURCE: Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70405, Oct. 23,
1980, unl ess otherwi se noted.
193.2501 Scope.
Thi s subpart prescri bes requi rements
for the operati on of L NG faci l i ti es.
193.2503 Operating procedures.
Each operator shal l fol l ow one or
more manual s of wri tten procedures to
provi de safety i n normal operati on and
i n respondi ng to an abnormal operati on
that woul d affect safety. The proce-
dures must i ncl ude provi si ons for:
(a) Moni tori ng components or bui l d-
i ngs accordi ng to the requi rements of
193.2507.
(b) Startup and shutdown, i ncl udi ng
for i ni ti al startup, performance testi ng
to demonstrate that components wi l l
operate sati sfactory i n servi ce.
(c) Recogni zi ng abnormal operati ng
condi ti ons.
(d) Purgi ng and i nerti ng components
accordi ng to the requi rements of
193.2517.
(e) I n the case of vapori zati on, mai n-
tai ni ng the vapori zati on rate, tempera-
ture and pressure so that the resul tant
gas i s wi thi n l i mi ts establ i shed for the
vapori zer and the downstream pi pi ng.
(f) I n the case of l i quefacti on, mai n-
tai ni ng temperatures, pressures, pres-
sure di fferenti al s and fl ow rates, as ap-
pl i cabl e, wi thi n thei r desi gn l i mi ts for:
(1) Boi l ers;
(2) Turbi nes and other pri me movers;
(3) Pumps, compressors, and expand-
ers;
(4) Puri fi cati on and regenerati on
equi pment; and
(5) Equi pment wi thi n col d boxes.
(g) Cool down of components accord-
i ng to the requi rements of 193.2505.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70405, Oct. 23, 1980, as
10, 2004]
193.2505 Cooldown.
(a) The cool down of each system of
components that i s subj ected to cryo-
geni c temperatures must be l i mi ted to
a rate and di stri buti on pattern that
keeps thermal stresses wi thi n desi gn
l i mi ts duri ng the cool down peri od, pay-
i ng parti cul ar attenti on to the per-
formance of expansi on and contracti on
devi ces.
(b) After cool down stabi l i zati on i s
reached, cryogeni c pi pi ng systems
must be checked for l eaks i n areas of
fl anges, val ves, and seal s.
193.2507 Monitoring operations.
Each component i n operati on or
bui l di ng i n whi ch a hazard to persons
or property coul d exi st must be mon-
i tored to detect fi re or any mal functi on
or fl ammabl e fl ui d that coul d cause a
hazardous condi ti on. Moni tori ng must
be accompl i shed by watchi ng or l i sten-
i ng from an attended control center for
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49 CFR Ch. I (10109 Edition) 193.2509
warni ng al arms, such as gas, tempera-
ture, pressure, vacuum, and fl ow
al arms, or by conducti ng an i nspecti on
or test at i nterval s speci fi ed i n the op-
erati ng procedures.
[Amdt, 1932, 45 F R 70405, Oct. 23, 1980, as
10, 2004]
193.2509 Emergency procedures.
(a) Each operator shal l determi ne the
types and pl aces of emergenci es other
than fi res that may reasonabl y be ex-
pected to occur at an L NG pl ant due to
operati ng mal functi ons, structural col -
l apse, personnel error, forces of nature,
and acti vi ti es adj acent to the pl ant.
(b) To adequatel y handl e each type of
emergency i denti fi ed under paragraph
(a) of thi s secti on and each fi re emer-
gency, each operator must fol l ow one
or more manual s of wri tten procedures.
The procedures must provi de for the
fol l owi ng:
(1) Respondi ng to control l abl e emer-
genci es, i ncl udi ng noti fyi ng personnel
and usi ng equi pment appropri ate for
handl i ng the emergency.
(2) Recogni zi ng an uncontrol l abl e
emergency and taki ng acti on to mi ni -
mi ze harm to the publ i c and personnel ,
i ncl udi ng prompt noti fi cati on of appro-
pri ate l ocal offi ci al s of the emergency
and possi bl e need for evacuati on of the
publ i c i n the vi ci ni ty of the L NG pl ant.
(3) Coordi nati ng wi th appropri ate
l ocal offi ci al s i n preparati on of an
emergency evacuati on pl an, whi ch sets
forth the steps requi red to protect the
publ i c i n the event of an emergency,
i ncl udi ng catastrophi c fai l ure of an
L NG storage tank.
(4) Cooperati ng wi th appropri ate
l ocal offi ci al s i n evacuati ons and emer-
genci es requi ri ng mutual assi stance
and keepi ng these offi ci al s advi sed of:
(i ) The L NG pl ant fi re control equi p-
ment, i ts l ocati on, and quanti ty of
uni ts l ocated throughout the pl ant;
(i i ) Potenti al hazards at the pl ant,
i ncl udi ng fi res;
(i i i ) Communi cati on and emergency
control capabi l i ti es at the L NG pl ant;
and
(i v) The status of each emergency.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70405, Oct. 23, 1980, as
10, 2004]
193.2511 Personnel safety.
(a) Each operator shal l provi de any
speci al protecti ve cl othi ng and equi p-
ment necessary for the safety of per-
sonnel whi l e they are performi ng emer-
gency response duti es.
(b) Al l personnel who are normal l y
on duty at a fi xed l ocati on, such as a
bui l di ng or yard, where they coul d be
harmed by thermal radi ati on from a
burni ng pool of i mpounded l i qui d, must
be provi ded a means of protecti on at
that l ocati on from the harmful effects
of thermal radi ati on or a means of es-
cape.
(c) Each L NG pl ant must be equi pped
wi th sui tabl e fi rst-ai d materi al , the l o-
cati on of whi ch i s cl earl y marked and
readi l y avai l abl e to personnel .
193.2513 Transfer procedures.
(a) Each transfer of L NG or other
hazardous fl ui d must be conducted i n
accordance wi th one or more manual s
of wri tten procedures to provi de for
safe transfers.
(b) The transfer procedures must i n-
cl ude provi si ons for personnel to:
(1) Before transfer, veri fy that the
transfer system i s ready for use, wi th
connecti ons and control s i n proper po-
si ti ons, i ncl udi ng i f the system coul d
contai n a combusti bl e mi xture,
veri fyi ng that i t has been adequatel y
purged i n accordance wi th a procedure
whi ch meets the requi rements of AGA
Purgi ng Pri nci pl es and Practi ce.
(2) Before transfer, veri fy that each
recei vi ng contai ner or tank vehi cl e
does not contai n any substance that
woul d be i ncompati bl e wi th the i ncom-
i ng fl ui d and that there i s suffi ci ent ca-
paci ty avai l abl e to recei ve the amount
of fl ui d to be transferred;
(3) Before transfer, veri fy the max-
i mum fi l l i ng vol ume of each recei vi ng
contai ner or tank vehi cl e to ensure
that expansi on of the i ncomi ng fl ui d
due to warmi ng wi l l not resul t i n over-
fi l l i ng or overpressure;
(4) When maki ng bul k transfer of
L NG i nto a parti al l y fi l l ed (excl udi ng
cool down heel ) contai ner, determi ne
any di fferences i n temperature or spe-
ci fi c gravi ty between the L NG bei ng
transferred and the L NG al ready i n the
contai ner and, i f necessary, provi de a
means to prevent rol l over due to strat-
i fi cati on.
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(5) Veri fy that the transfer oper-
ati ons are proceedi ng wi thi n desi gn
condi ti ons and that overpressure or
overfi l l i ng does not occur by moni -
tori ng appl i cabl e fl ow rates, l i qui d l ev-
el s, and vapor returns.
(6) Manual l y termi nate the fl ow be-
fore overfi l l i ng or overpressure occurs;
and
(7) Deacti vate cargo transfer systems
i n a safe manner by depressuri zi ng,
venti ng, and di sconnecti ng l i nes and
conducti ng any other appropri ate oper-
ati ons.
(c) I n addi ti on to the requi rements of
paragraph (b) of thi s secti on, the proce-
dures for cargo transfer must be l o-
cated at the transfer area and i ncl ude
provi si ons for personnel to:
(1) Be i n constant attendance duri ng
al l cargo transfer operati ons;
(2) Prohi bi t the backi ng of tank
trucks i n the transfer area, except
when a person i s posi ti oned at the rear
of the truck gi vi ng i nstructi ons to the
dri ver;
(3) Before transfer, veri fy that:
(i ) Each tank car or tank truck com-
pl i es wi th appl i cabl e regul ati ons gov-
erni ng i ts use;
(i i ) Al l transfer hoses have been vi s-
ual l y i nspected for damage and defects;
(i i i ) Each tank truck i s properl y i m-
mobi l i zed wi th chock wheel s, and el ec-
tri cal l y grounded; and
(i v) Each tank truck engi ne i s shut
off unl ess i t i s requi red for transfer op-
erati ons;
(4) Prevent a tank truck engi ne that
i s off duri ng transfer operati ons from
bei ng restarted unti l the transfer l i nes
have been di sconnected and any re-
l eased vapors have di ssi pated;
(5) Prevent l oadi ng L NG i nto a tank
car or tank truck that i s not i n excl u-
si ve L NG servi ce or that does not con-
tai n a posi ti ve pressure i f i t i s i n excl u-
si ve L NG servi ce, unti l after the oxy-
gen content i n the tank i s tested and i f
i t exceeds 2 percent by vol ume, purged
i n accordance wi th a procedure that
meets the requi rements of AGA
Purgi ng Pri nci pl es and Practi ce;
(6) Veri fy that al l transfer l i nes have
been di sconnected and equi pment
cl eared before the tank car or tank
truck i s moved from the transfer posi -
ti on; and
(7) Veri fy that transfers i nto a pi pe-
l i ne system wi l l not exceed the pres-
sure or temperature l i mi ts of the sys-
tem.
193.2515 Investigations of failures.
(a) Each operator shal l i nvesti gate
the cause of each expl osi on, fi re, or
L NG spi l l or l eak whi ch resul ts i n:
(1) Death or i nj ury requi ri ng hos-
pi tal i zati on; or
(2) Property damage exceedi ng
$10,000.
(b) As a resul t of the i nvesti gati on,
appropri ate acti on must be taken to
mi ni mi ze recurrence of the i nci dent.
(c) I f the Admi ni strator or rel evant
state agency under the pi pel i ne safety
l aws (49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.) i nves-
ti gates an i nci dent, the operator i n-
vol ved shal l make avai l abl e al l rel -
evant i nformati on and provi de reason-
abl e assi stance i n conducti ng the i n-
vesti gati on. Unl ess necessary to re-
store or mai ntai n servi ce, or for safety,
no component i nvol ved i n the i nci dent
may be moved from i ts l ocati on or oth-
erwi se al tered unti l the i nvesti gati on
i s compl ete or the i nvesti gati ng agency
otherwi se provi des. Where components
must be moved for operati onal or safe-
ty reasons, they must not be removed
from the pl ant si te and must be mai n-
tai ned i ntact to the extent practi cabl e
unti l the i nvesti gati on i s compl ete or
the i nvesti gati ng agency otherwi se
provi des.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70405, Oct. 23, 1980, as
amended by Amdt. 19310, 61 F R 18517, Apr.
26, 1996]
193.2517 Purging.
When necessary for safety, compo-
nents that coul d accumul ate si gni fi -
cant amounts of combusti bl e mi xtures
must be purged i n accordance wi th a
procedure whi ch meets the provi si ons
of the AGA Purgi ng Pri nci pl es and
Practi ce after bei ng taken out of serv-
i ce and before bei ng returned to serv-
i ce.
193.2519 Communication systems.
(a) Each L NG pl ant must have a pri -
mary communi cati on system that pro-
vi des for verbal communi cati ons be-
tween al l operati ng personnel at thei r
work stati ons i n the L NG pl ant.
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49 CFR Ch. I (10109 Edition) 193.2521
(b) Each L NG pl ant i n excess of 70,000
gal l ons (265,000 l i ters) storage capaci ty
must have an emergency communi ca-
ti on system that provi des for verbal
communi cati ons between al l persons
and l ocati ons necessary for the orderl y
shutdown of operati ng equi pment and
the operati on of safety equi pment i n
ti me of emergency. The emergency
communi cati on system must be i nde-
pendent of and physi cal l y separated
from the pri mary communi cati on sys-
tem and the securi ty communi cati on
system under 193.2909.
(c) Each communi cati on system re-
qui red by thi s part must have an auxi l -
i ary source of power, except sound-
powered equi pment.
Amdt. 19316, 63 F R 37505, J ul y 13, 1998]
193.2521 Operating records.
Each operator shal l mai ntai n a
record of resul ts of each i nspecti on,
test and i nvesti gati on requi red by thi s
subpart. F or each L NG faci l i ty that i s
desi gned and constructed after March
31, 2000 the operator shal l al so mai n-
tai n rel ated i nspecti on, testi ng, and i n-
vesti gati on records that NF PA 59A (i n-
corporated by reference, see 193.2013)
requi res. Such records, whether re-
qui red by thi s part or NF PA 59A, must
be kept for a peri od of not l ess than
fi ve years.
[Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10960, Mar. 1, 2000, as
10, 2004]
Subpart GMaintenance
193.2601 Scope.
for mai ntai ni ng components at L NG
pl ants.
193.2603 General.
(a) Each component i n servi ce, i n-
cl udi ng i ts support system, must be
mai ntai ned i n a condi ti on that i s com-
pati bl e wi th i ts operati onal or safety
purpose by repai r, repl acement, or
other means.
(b) An operator may not pl ace, re-
turn, or conti nue i n servi ce any compo-
nent whi ch i s not mai ntai ned i n ac-
cordance wi th thi s subpart.
(c) Each component taken out of
servi ce must be i denti fi ed i n the
records kept under 193.2639.
(d) I f a safety devi ce i s taken out of
servi ce for mai ntenance, the compo-
nent bei ng served by the devi ce must
be taken out of servi ce unl ess the same
safety functi on i s provi ded by an al ter-
nate means.
(e) I f the i nadvertent operati on of a
component taken out of servi ce coul d
cause a hazardous condi ti on, that com-
ponent must have a tag attached to the
control s beari ng the words do not op-
erate or words of comparabl e mean-
i ng.
193.2605 Maintenance procedures.
(a) Each operator shal l determi ne
and perform, consi stent wi th general l y
accepted engi neeri ng practi ce, the peri -
odi c i nspecti ons or tests needed to
meet the appl i cabl e requi rements of
thi s subpart and to veri fy that compo-
nents meet the mai ntenance standards
prescri bed by thi s subpart.
(b) Each operator shal l fol l ow one or
more manual s of wri tten procedures for
the mai ntenance of each component,
i ncl udi ng any requi red corrosi on con-
trol . The procedures must i ncl ude:
(1) The detai l s of the i nspecti ons or
tests determi ned under paragraph (a) of
thi s secti on and thei r frequency of per-
formance; and
(2) A descri pti on of other acti ons nec-
essary to mai ntai n the L NG pl ant ac-
cordi ng to the requi rements of thi s
subpart.
(c) Each operator shal l i ncl ude i n the
manual requi red by paragraph (b) of
thi s secti on i nstructi ons enabl i ng per-
sonnel who perform operati on and
mai ntenance acti vi ti es to recogni ze
condi ti ons that potenti al l y may be
safety-rel ated condi ti ons that are sub-
j ect to the reporti ng requi rements of
191.23 of thi s subchapter.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70407, Oct. 23, 1980, as
amended by Amdt. 1935, 53 F R 24950, J ul y 1,
1988; 53 F R 26560, J ul y 13, 1988; Amdt. 19318,
69 F R 11337, Mar. 10, 2004]
193.2607 Foreign material.
(a) The presence of forei gn materi al ,
contami nants, or i ce shal l be avoi ded
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or control l ed to mai ntai n the oper-
ati onal safety of each component.
(b) L NG pl ant grounds must be free
from rubbi sh, debri s, and other mate-
ri al whi ch present a fi re hazard. Grass
areas on the L NG pl ant grounds must
be mai ntai ned i n a manner that does
not present a fi re hazard.
193.2609 Support systems.
Each support system or foundati on of
each component must be i nspected for
any detri mental change that coul d i m-
pai r support.
193.2611 Fire protection.
(a) Mai ntenance acti vi ti es on fi re
control equi pment must be schedul ed
so that a mi ni mum of equi pment i s
taken out of servi ce at any one ti me
and i s returned to servi ce i n a reason-
abl e peri od of ti me.
(b) Access routes for movement of
fi re control equi pment wi thi n each
L NG pl ant must be mai ntai ned to rea-
sonabl y provi de for use i n al l weather
condi ti ons.
193.2613 Auxiliary power sources.
Each auxi l i ary power source must be
tested monthl y to check i ts oper-
ati onal capabi l i ty and tested annual l y
for capaci ty. The capaci ty test must
take i nto account the power needed to
start up and si mul taneousl y operate
equi pment that woul d have to be
served by that power source i n an
emergency.
193.2615 Isolating and purging.
(a) Before personnel begi n mai nte-
nance acti vi ti es on components han-
dl i ng fl ammabl e fl ui ds whi ch are i so-
l ated for mai ntenance, the component
must be purged i n accordance wi th a
procedure whi ch meets the requi re-
ments of AGA Purgi ng Pri nci pl es and
Practi ces, unl ess the mai ntenance
procedures under 193.2605 provi de that
the acti vi ty can be safel y performed
wi thout purgi ng.
(b) I f the component or mai ntenance
acti vi ty provi des an i gni ti on source, a
techni que i n addi ti on to i sol ati on
val ves (such as removi ng spool pi eces
or val ves and bl ank fl angi ng the pi p-
i ng, or doubl e bl ock and bl eed val vi ng)
must be used to ensure that the work
area i s free of fl ammabl e fl ui ds.
193.2617 Repairs.
(a) Repai r work on components must
be performed and tested i n a manner
whi ch:
(1) As far as practi cabl e, compl i es
wi th the appl i cabl e requi rements of
Subpart D of thi s part; and
(2) Assures the i ntegri ty and oper-
ati onal safety of the component bei ng
repai red.
(b) F or repai rs made whi l e a compo-
nent i s operati ng, each operator shal l
i ncl ude i n the mai ntenance procedures
under 193.2605 appropri ate precauti ons
to mai ntai n the safety of personnel and
property duri ng repai r acti vi ti es.
193.2619 Control systems.
(a) Each control system must be
properl y adj usted to operate wi thi n de-
si gn l i mi ts.
(b) I f a control system i s out of serv-
i ce for 30 days or more, i t must be i n-
spected and tested for operati onal ca-
pabi l i ty before returni ng i t to servi ce.
(c) Control systems i n servi ce, but
not normal l y i n operati on, such as re-
l i ef val ves and automati c shutdown de-
vi ces, and control systems for i nternal
shutoff val ves for bottom penetrati on
tanks must be i nspected and tested
once each cal ender year, not exceedi ng
15 months, wi th the fol l owi ng excep-
ti ons:
(1) Control systems used seasonal l y,
such as for l i quefacti on or vapori za-
ti on, must be i nspected and tested be-
fore use each season.
(2) Control systems that are i ntended
for fi re protecti on must be i nspected
and tested at regul ar i nterval s not to
exceed 6 months.
(d) Control systems that are nor-
mal l y i n operati on, such as requi red by
a base l oad system, must be i nspected
and tested once each cal endar year but
wi th i nterval s not exceedi ng 15
months.
(e) Rel i ef val ves must be i nspected
and tested for veri fi cati on of the val ve
seat l i fti ng pressure and reseati ng.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70407, Oct. 23, 1980, as
amended by Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10960, Mar. 1,
2000]
193.2621 Testing transfer hoses.
Hoses used i n L NG or fl ammabl e re-
fri gerant transfer systems must be:
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49 CFR Ch. I (10109 Edition) 193.2623
(a) Tested once each cal endar year,
but wi th i nterval s not exceedi ng 15
months, to the maxi mum pump pres-
sure or rel i ef val ve setti ng; and
(b) Vi sual l y i nspected for damage or
defects before each use.
193.2623 Inspecting LNG storage
tanks.
Each L NG storage tank must be i n-
spected or tested to veri fy that each of
the fol l owi ng condi ti ons does not i m-
pai r the structural i ntegri ty or safety
of the tank:
(a) F oundati on and tank movement
duri ng normal operati on and after a
maj or meteorol ogi cal or geophysi cal
di sturbance.
(b) I nner tank l eakage.
(c) Effecti veness of i nsul ati on.
(d) F rost heave.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70407, Oct. 23, 1980, as
amended at 47 F R 32720, J ul y 29, 1982]
193.2625 Corrosion protection.
(a) Each operator shal l determi ne
whi ch metal l i c components coul d, un-
l ess corrosi on i s control l ed, have thei r
i ntegri ty or rel i abi l i ty adversel y af-
fected by external , i nternal , or atmos-
pheri c corrosi on duri ng thei r i ntended
servi ce l i fe.
(b) Components whose i ntegri ty or
rel i abi l i ty coul d be adversel y affected
by corrosi on must be ei ther
(1) Protected from corrosi on i n ac-
cordance wi th 193.2627 through
193.2635, as appl i cabl e; or
(2) I nspected and repl aced under a
program of schedul ed mai ntenance i n
accordance wi th procedures establ i shed
under 193.2605.
193.2627 Atmospheric corrosion con-
trol.
Each exposed component that i s sub-
j ect to atmospheri c corrosi ve attack
must be protected from atmospheri c
corrosi on by
(a) Materi al that has been desi gned
and sel ected to resi st the corrosi ve at-
mosphere i nvol ved; or
(b) Sui tabl e coati ng or j acketi ng.
193.2629 External corrosion control:
buried or submerged components.
(a) Each buri ed or submerged compo-
nent that i s subj ect to external corro-
si ve attack must be protected from ex-
ternal corrosi on by
(1) Materi al that has been desi gned
and sel ected to resi st the corrosi ve en-
vi ronment i nvol ved; or
(2) The fol l owi ng means:
(i ) An external protecti ve coati ng de-
si gned and i nstal l ed to prevent corro-
si on attack and to meet the requi re-
ments of 192.461 of thi s chapter; and
(i i ) A cathodi c protecti on system de-
si gned to protect components i n thei r
enti rety i n accordance wi th the re-
qui rements of 192.463 of thi s chapter
and pl aced i n operati on before October
23, 1981, or wi thi n 1 year after the com-
ponent i s constructed or i nstal l ed,
whi chever i s l ater.
(b) Where cathodi c protecti on i s ap-
pl i ed, components that are el ectri cal l y
i nterconnected must be protected as a
uni t.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70407, Oct. 23, 1980, as
193.2631 Internal corrosion control.
Each component that i s subj ect to i n-
ternal corrosi ve attack must be pro-
tected from i nternal corrosi on by
(a) Materi al that has been desi gned
and sel ected to resi st the corrosi ve
fl ui d i nvol ved; or
(b) Sui tabl e coati ng, i nhi bi tor, or
other means.
193.2633 Interference currents.
(a) Each component that i s subj ect to
el ectri cal current i nterference must be
protected by a conti nui ng program to
mi ni mi ze the detri mental effects of
currents.
(b) Each cathodi c protecti on system
must be desi gned and i nstal l ed so as to
mi ni mi ze any adverse effects i t mi ght
cause to adj acent metal components.
(c) Each i mpressed current power
source must be i nstal l ed and mai n-
tai ned to prevent adverse i nterference
wi th communi cati ons and control sys-
tems.
193.2635 Monitoring corrosion con-
trol.
Corrosi on protecti on provi ded as re-
qui red by thi s subpart must be peri odi -
cal l y moni tored to gi ve earl y recogni -
ti on of i neffecti ve corrosi on protecti on,
i ncl udi ng the fol l owi ng, as appl i cabl e:
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(a) Each buri ed or submerged compo-
nent under cathodi c protecti on must be
tested at l east once each cal endar year,
but wi th i nterval s not exceedi ng 15
months, to determi ne whether the ca-
thodi c protecti on meets the requi re-
ments of 192.463 of thi s chapter.
(b) Each cathodi c protecti on recti fi er
or other i mpressed current power
source must be i nspected at l east 6
ti mes each cal endar year, but wi th i n-
terval s not exceedi ng 2
1
2 months, to
ensure that i t i s operati ng properl y.
(c) Each reverse current swi tch, each
di ode, and each i nterference bond
whose fai l ure woul d j eopardi ze compo-
nent protecti on must be el ectri cal l y
checked for proper performance at
l east 6 ti mes each cal endar year, but
1
2
months. Each other i nterference bond
must be checked at l east once each cal -
endar year, but wi th i nterval s not ex-
ceedi ng 15 months.
(d) Each component that i s protected
from atmospheri c corrosi on must be i n-
spected at i nterval s not exceedi ng 3
years.
(e) I f a component i s protected from
i nternal corrosi on, moni tori ng devi ces
desi gned to detect i nternal corrosi on,
such as coupons or probes, must be l o-
cated where corrosi on i s most l i kel y to
occur. However, moni tori ng i s not re-
qui red for corrosi on resi stant materi al s
i f the operator can demonstrate that
the component wi l l not be adversel y af-
fected by i nternal corrosi on duri ng i ts
servi ce l i fe. I nternal corrosi on control
moni tori ng devi ces must be checked at
l east two ti mes each cal endar year, but
1
2
months.
193.2637 Remedial measures.
Prompt correcti ve or remedi al acti on
must be taken whenever an operator
l earns by i nspecti on or otherwi se that
atmospheri c, external , or i nternal cor-
rosi on i s not control l ed as requi red by
thi s subpart.
193.2639 Maintenance records.
(a) Each operator shal l keep a record
at each L NG pl ant of the date and type
of each mai ntenance acti vi ty per-
formed on each component to meet the
requi rements of thi s part. F or each
L NG faci l i ty that i s desi gned and con-
structed after March 31, 2000 the oper-
ator shal l al so mai ntai n rel ated peri -
odi c i nspecti on and testi ng records
that NF PA 59A (i ncorporated by ref-
erence, see 193.2013) requi res. Mai nte-
nance records, whether requi red by thi s
part or NF PA 59A, must be kept for a
peri od of not l ess than fi ve years.
(b) Each operator shal l mai ntai n
records or maps to show the l ocati on of
cathodi cal l y protected components,
nei ghbori ng structures bonded to the
cathodi c protecti on system, and corro-
si on protecti on equi pment.
(c) Each of the fol l owi ng records
must be retai ned for as l ong as the
L NG faci l i ty remai ns i n servi ce:
(1) Each record or map requi red by
paragraph (b) of thi s secti on.
(2) Records of each test, survey, or
i nspecti on requi red by thi s subpart i n
suffi ci ent detai l to demonstrate the
adequacy of corrosi on control meas-
ures.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70407, Oct. 23, 1980, as
amended by Amdt. 19317, 65 F R 10960, Mar. 1,
2000; Amdt. 19318, 69 F R 11337, Mar. 10, 2004]
Subpart HPersonnel
Qualifications and Training
SOURCE: Secti ons 193.2707 through 193.2719
appear at Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70404, Oct. 23,
1980 , unl ess otherwi se noted.
193.2701 Scope.
for personnel qual i fi cati ons and trai n-
i ng.
[45 F R 9219, F eb. 11, 1980]
193.2703 Design and fabrication.
F or the desi gn and fabri cati on of
components, each operator shal l use
(a) Wi th respect to desi gn, persons
who have demonstrated competence by
trai ni ng or experi ence i n the desi gn of
comparabl e components.
(b) Wi th respect to fabri cati on, per-
sons who have demonstrated com-
petence by trai ni ng or experi ence i n
the fabri cati on of comparabl e compo-
nents.
[45 F R 9219, F eb. 11, 1980]
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49 CFR Ch. I (10109 Edition) 193.2705
193.2705 Construction, installation,
inspection, and testing.
(a) Supervi sors and other personnel
uti l i zed for constructi on, i nstal l ati on,
i nspecti on, or testi ng must have dem-
onstrated thei r capabi l i ty to perform
sati sfactori l y the assi gned functi on by
appropri ate trai ni ng i n the methods
and equi pment to be used or rel ated ex-
peri ence and accompl i shments.
(b) Each operator must peri odi cal l y
determi ne whether i nspectors per-
formi ng constructi on, i nstal l ati on, and
testi ng duti es requi red by thi s part are
sati sfactori l y performi ng thei r as-
si gned functi ons.
Amdt. 19318, 69 F R 11337, Mar. 10, 2004]
193.2707 Operations and mainte-
nance.
(a) Each operator shal l uti l i ze for op-
erati on or mai ntenance of components
onl y those personnel who have dem-
onstrated thei r capabi l i ty to perform
thei r assi gned functi ons by
(1) Successful compl eti on of the
trai ni ng requi red by 193.2713 and
193.2717; and
(2) Experi ence rel ated to the assi gned
operati on or mai ntenance functi on;
and
(3) Acceptabl e performance on a pro-
fi ci ency test rel evant to the assi gned
functi on.
(b) A person who does not meet the
requi rements of paragraph (a) of thi s
secti on may operate or mai ntai n a
component when accompani ed and di -
rected by an i ndi vi dual who meets the
requi rements.
(c) Corrosi on control procedures
under 193.2605(b), i ncl udi ng those for
the desi gn, i nstal l ati on, operati on, and
mai ntenance of cathodi c protecti on
systems, must be carri ed out by, or
under the di recti on of, a person qual i -
fi ed by experi ence and trai ni ng i n cor-
rosi on control technol ogy.
193.2709 Security.
Personnel havi ng securi ty duti es
must be qual i fi ed to perform thei r as-
si gned duti es by successful compl eti on
of the trai ni ng requi red under 193.2715.
193.2711 Personnel health.
Each operator shal l fol l ow a wri tten
pl an to veri fy that personnel assi gned
operati ng, mai ntenance, securi ty, or
fi re protecti on duti es at the L NG pl ant
do not have any physi cal condi ti on
that woul d i mpai r performance of thei r
assi gned duti es. The pl an must be de-
si gned to detect both readi l y observ-
abl e di sorders, such as physi cal handi -
caps or i nj ury, and condi ti ons requi r-
i ng professi onal exami nati on for di s-
covery.
193.2713 Training: operations and
maintenance.
(a) Each operator shal l provi de and
i mpl ement a wri tten pl an of i ni ti al
trai ni ng to i nstruct
(1) Al l permanent mai ntenance, oper-
ati ng, and supervi sory personnel
(i ) About the characteri sti cs and haz-
ards of L NG and other fl ammabl e fl ui ds
used or handl ed at the faci l i ty, i ncl ud-
i ng, wi th regard to L NG, l ow tempera-
tures, fl ammabi l i ty of mi xtures wi th
ai r, odorl ess vapor, boi l off characteri s-
ti cs, and reacti on to water and water
spray;
(i i ) About the potenti al hazards i n-
vol ved i n operati ng and mai ntenance
acti vi ti es; and
(i i i ) To carry out aspects of the oper-
ati ng and mai ntenance procedures
under 193.2503 and 193.2605 that rel ate
to thei r assi gned functi ons; and
(2) Al l personnel
(i ) To carry out the emergency proce-
dures under 193.2509 that rel ate to
thei r assi gned functi ons; and
(i i ) To gi ve fi rst-ai d; and
(3) Al l operati ng and appropri ate su-
pervi sory personnel
(i ) To understand detai l ed i nstruc-
ti ons on the faci l i ty operati ons, i ncl ud-
i ng control s, functi ons, and operati ng
procedures; and
(i i ) To understand the L NG transfer
procedures provi ded under 193.2513.
(b) A wri tten pl an of conti nui ng i n-
structi on must be conducted at i nter-
val s of not more than two years to
keep al l personnel current on the
knowl edge and ski l l s they gai ned i n
the program of i ni ti al i nstructi on.
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193.2715 Training: security.
(a) Personnel responsi bl e for securi ty
at an L NG pl ant must be trai ned i n ac-
cordance wi th a wri tten pl an of i ni ti al
i nstructi on to:
(1) Recogni ze breaches of securi ty;
(2) Carry out the securi ty procedures
under 193.2903 that rel ate to thei r as-
si gned duti es;
(3) Be fami l i ar wi th basi c pl ant oper-
ati ons and emergency procedures, as
necessary to effecti vel y perform thei r
assi gned duti es; and
(4) Recogni ze condi ti ons where secu-
ri ty assi stance i s needed.
structi on must be conducted at i nter-
val s of not more than two years to
keep al l personnel havi ng securi ty du-
ti es current on the knowl edge and
ski l l s they gai ned i n the program of
i ni ti al i nstructi on.
193.2717 Training: fire protection.
(a) Al l personnel i nvol ved i n mai nte-
nance and operati ons of an L NG pl ant,
i ncl udi ng thei r i mmedi ate supervi sors,
must be trai ned accordi ng to a wri tten
pl an of i ni ti al i nstructi on, i ncl udi ng
pl ant fi re dri l l s, to:
(1) Know the potenti al causes and
areas of fi re;
(2) Know the types, si zes, and predi ct-
abl e consequences of fi re; and
(3) Know and be abl e to perform thei r
assi gned fi re control duti es accordi ng
to the procedures establ i shed under
193.2509 and by proper use of equi p-
ment provi ded under 193.2801.
structi on, i ncl udi ng pl ant fi re dri l l s,
must be conducted at i nterval s of not
more than two years to keep personnel
current on the knowl edge and ski l l s
they gai ned i n the i nstructi on under
paragraph (a) of the secti on.
(c) Pl ant fi re dri l l s must provi de per-
sonnel hands-on experi ence i n carryi ng
out thei r duti es under the fi re emer-
gency procedures requi red by 193.2509.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70404, Oct. 23, 1980, as
10, 2004]
193.2719 Training: records.
(a) Each operator shal l mai ntai n a
system of records whi ch
(1) Provi de evi dence that the trai ni ng
programs requi red by thi s subpart have
been i mpl emented; and
(2) Provi de evi dence that personnel
have undergone and sati sfactori l y com-
pl eted the requi red trai ni ng programs.
(b) Records must be mai ntai ned for
one year after personnel are no l onger
assi gned duti es at the L NG pl ant.
Subpart IFire Protection
193.2801 Fire protection.
Each operator must provi de and
mai ntai n fi re protecti on at L NG pl ants
accordi ng to secti ons 9.1 through 9.7
and secti on 9.9 of NF PA 59A (i ncor-
However, L NG pl ants exi sti ng on
March 31, 2000, need not compl y wi th
provi si ons on emergency shutdown sys-
tems, water del i very systems, detec-
ti on systems, and personnel qual i fi ca-
ti on and trai ni ng unti l September 12,
2005.
[Amdt. 19318, 69 F R 11337, Mar. 10, 2004]
193.2803193.2821 [Reserved]
Subpart JSecurity
193.2901 Scope.
for securi ty at L NG pl ants. However,
the requi rements do not appl y to exi st-
i ng L NG pl ants that do not contai n
L NG.
[Amdt. 1934, 52 F R 675, J an. 8, 1987]
193.2903 Security procedures.
Each operator shal l prepare and fol -
l ow one or more manual s of wri tten
procedures to provi de securi ty for each
L NG pl ant. The procedures must be
avai l abl e at the pl ant i n accordance
wi th 193.2017 and i ncl ude at l east:
(a) A descri pti on and schedul e of se-
curi ty i nspecti ons and patrol s per-
formed i n accordance wi th 193.2913;
(b) A l i st of securi ty personnel posi -
ti ons or responsi bi l i ti es uti l i zed at the
L NG pl ant;
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49 CFR Ch. I (10109 Edition) 193.2905
(c) A bri ef descri pti on of the duti es
associ ated wi th each securi ty per-
sonnel posi ti on or responsi bi l i ty;
(d) I nstructi ons for acti ons to be
taken, i ncl udi ng noti fi cati on of other
appropri ate pl ant personnel and l aw
enforcement offi ci al s, when there i s
any i ndi cati on of an actual or at-
tempted breach of securi ty;
(e) Methods for determi ni ng whi ch
persons are al l owed access to the L NG
pl ant;
(f) Posi ti ve i denti fi cati on of al l per-
sons enteri ng the pl ant and on the
pl ant, i ncl udi ng methods at l east as ef-
fecti ve as pi cture badges; and
(g) L i ai son wi th l ocal l aw enforce-
ment offi ci al s to keep them i nformed
about current securi ty procedures
under thi s secti on.
193.2905 Protective enclosures.
(a) The fol l owi ng faci l i ti es must be
surrounded by a protecti ve encl osure:
(1) Storage tanks;
(2) I mpoundi ng systems;
(3) Vapor barri ers;
(4) Cargo transfer systems;
(5) Process, l i quefacti on, and vapor-
i zati on equi pment;
(6) Control rooms and stati ons;
(7) Control systems;
(8) F i re control equi pment;
(9) Securi ty communi cati ons sys-
tems; and
(10) Al ternati ve power sources.
The protecti ve encl osure may be one or
more separate encl osures surroundi ng
a si ngl e faci l i ty or mul ti pl e faci l i ti es.
(b) Ground el evati ons outsi de a pro-
tecti ve encl osure must be graded i n a
manner that does not i mpai r the effec-
ti veness of the encl osure.
(c) Protecti ve encl osures may not be
l ocated near features outsi de of the fa-
ci l i ty, such as trees, pol es, or bui l d-
i ngs, whi ch coul d be used to breach the
securi ty.
(d) At l east two accesses must be pro-
vi ded i n each protecti ve encl osure and
be l ocated to mi ni mi ze the escape di s-
tance i n the event of emergency.
(e) Each access must be l ocked unl ess
i t i s conti nuousl y guarded. Duri ng nor-
mal operati ons, an access may be un-
l ocked onl y by persons desi gnated i n
wri ti ng by the operator. Duri ng an
emergency, a means must be readi l y
avai l abl e to al l faci l i ty personnel wi th-
i n the protecti ve encl osure to open
each access.
193.2907 Protective enclosure con-
struction.
(a) Each protecti ve encl osure must
have suffi ci ent strength and confi gura-
ti on to obstruct unauthori zed access to
the faci l i ti es encl osed.
(b) Openi ngs i n or under protecti ve
encl osures must be secured by grates,
doors or covers of constructi on and fas-
teni ng of suffi ci ent strength such that
the i ntegri ty of the protecti ve encl o-
sure i s not reduced by any openi ng.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70409, Oct. 23, 1980, as
amended by Amdt. 19312, 61 F R 27793, J une
3, 1996; 61 F R 45905, Aug. 30, 1996]
193.2909 Security communications.
A means must be provi ded for:
(a) Prompt communi cati ons between
personnel havi ng supervi sory securi ty
duti es and l aw enforcement offi ci al s;
and
(b) Di rect communi cati ons between
al l on-duty personnel havi ng securi ty
duti es and al l control rooms and con-
trol stati ons.
193.2911 Security lighting.
Where securi ty warni ng systems are
not provi ded for securi ty moni tori ng
under 193.2913, the area around the fa-
ci l i ti es l i sted under 193.2905(a) and
each protecti ve encl osure must be i l l u-
mi nated wi th a mi ni mum i n servi ce
l i ghti ng i ntensi ty of not l ess than 2.2
l ux (0.2 ft
c
) between sunset and sunri se.
193.2913 Security monitoring.
Each protecti ve encl osure and the
area around each faci l i ty l i sted i n
193.2905(a) must be moni tored for the
presence of unauthori zed persons. Mon-
i tori ng must be by vi sual observati on
i n accordance wi th the schedul e i n the
securi ty procedures under 193.2903(a)
or by securi ty warni ng systems that
conti nuousl y transmi t data to an at-
tended l ocati on. At an L NG pl ant wi th
l ess than 40,000 m
3
(250,000 bbl ) of stor-
age capaci ty, onl y the protecti ve en-
cl osure must be moni tored.
193.2915 Alternative power sources.
An al ternati ve source of power that
meets the requi rements of 193.2445
must be provi ded for securi ty l i ghti ng
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and securi ty moni tori ng and warni ng
systems requi red under 193.2911 and
193.2913.
193.2917 Warning signs.
(a) Warni ng si gns must be conspi cu-
ousl y pl aced al ong each protecti ve en-
cl osure at i nterval s so that at l east one
si gn i s recogni zabl e at ni ght from a di s-
tance of 30m (100 ft.) from any way that
coul d reasonabl y be used to approach
the encl osure.
(b) Si gns must be marked wi th at
l east the fol l owi ng on a background of
sharpl y contrasti ng col or:
The words NO TRESPASSI NG, or
words of comparabl e meani ng.
[Amdt. 1932, 45 F R 70409, Oct. 23, 1980, as
PART 194RESPONSE PLANS FOR
ONSHORE OIL PIPELINES
Subpart AGeneral
Sec.
194.1 Purpose.
194.3 Appl i cabi l i ty.
194.5 Defi ni ti ons.
194.7 Operati ng restri cti ons and i nteri m op-
erati ng authori zati on.
Subpart BResponse Plans
194.101 Operators requi red to submi t pl ans.
194.103 Si gni fi cant and substanti al harm;
operators statement.
194.105 Worst case di scharge.
194.107 General response pl an requi rements.
194.109 Submi ssi on of state response pl ans.
194.111 Response pl an retenti on.
194.113 I nformati on summary.
194.115 Response resources.
194.117 Trai ni ng.
194.119 Submi ssi on and approval procedures.
194.121 Response pl an revi ew and update
procedures.
APPENDI X A TO PART 194GUI DEL I NES F OR
THE PREPARATI ON OF RESPONSE PL ANS
APPENDI X B TO PART 194HI GH VOL UME
AREAS
AUTHORI TY : 33 U.S.C. 1231, 1321(j )(1)(C),
(j )(5) and (j )(6); sec. 2, E.O. 12777, 56 F R 54757,
3 CF R, 1991 Comp., p. 351; 49 CF R 1.53.
SOURCE: 58 F R 253, J an. 5, 1993, unl ess oth-
erwi se noted.
Subpart AGeneral
194.1 Purpose.
Thi s part contai ns requi rements for
oi l spi l l response pl ans to reduce the
envi ronmental i mpact of oi l di scharged
from onshore oi l pi pel i nes.
194.3 Applicability.
Thi s part appl i es to an operator of an
onshore oi l pi pel i ne that, because of i ts
l ocati on, coul d reasonabl y be expected
to cause substanti al harm, or si gni fi -
cant and substanti al harm to the envi -
ronment by di schargi ng oi l i nto or on
any navi gabl e waters of the Uni ted
States or adj oi ni ng shorel i nes.
194.5 Definitions.
Adverse weather means the weather
condi ti ons that the operator wi l l con-
si der when i denti fyi ng response sys-
tems and equi pment to be depl oyed i n
accordance wi th a response pl an. F ac-
tors to consi der i ncl ude i ce condi ti ons,
temperature ranges, weather-rel ated
vi si bi l i ty, si gni fi cant wave hei ght as
speci fi ed i n 33 CF R Part 154, Appendi x
C, Tabl e 1, and currents wi thi n the
areas i n whi ch those systems or equi p-
ment are i ntended to functi on.
Barrel means 42 Uni ted States gal l ons
(159 l i ters) at 60 F ahrenhei t (15.6 Cel -
si us).
Breakout tank means a tank used to:
(1) Rel i eve surges i n an oi l pi pel i ne
system or
(2) Recei ve and store oi l transported
by a pi pel i ne for rei nj ecti on and con-
ti nued transportati on by pi pel i ne.
Contract or other approved means i s:
(1) A wri tten contract or other l e-
gal l y bi ndi ng agreement between the
operator and a response contractor or
other spi l l response organi zati on i den-
ti fyi ng and ensuri ng the avai l abi l i ty of
the speci fi ed personnel and equi pment
wi thi n sti pul ated response ti mes for a
speci fi ed geographi c area;
(2) Certi fi cati on that speci fi ed equi p-
ment i s owned or operated by the pi pe-
l i ne operator, and operator personnel
and equi pment are avai l abl e wi thi n
sti pul ated response ti mes for a speci -
fi ed geographi c area; or
(3) Acti ve membershi p i n a l ocal or
regi onal oi l spi l l removal organi zati on
that has i denti fi ed speci fi ed personnel
and equi pment to be avai l abl e wi thi n
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