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Improved Suter-transformation for complete characteristic curves of pump-turbine
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2012 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 15 062015
(http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/15/6/062015)
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Improved Suter-transformation for complete characteristic
curves of pump-turbine
X B Zheng
1,2
, P C Guo
1,2
, H Z Tong
1
and X Q Luo
1,2

1
Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xian University of
Technology, No.5 South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, 710048,China
2
FINE Institute for Hydraulic Machinery, A-16F,Huaxing Times Plaza,No.478
Wensan Rd, Hangzhou, 310013,China
E-mailguoyc@mail.xaut.edu.cn
Abstract. The complete characteristic curve of the pump turbine show "s" characteristic in the
anti-pump and pump working-condition. The multi-numerical values of unit discharge and unit
moment the curve caused by crossover and overlap phenomena of the curve may bring
inconvenience for transition process analysis. In this paper, complete characteristic curves of
the pump turbine were dealt with using improved Suter curve transformation method. A
surface fitting were carried out for transformed WH curve. Therefore, a three-dimensioned
surface was achieved. The transition process of load shedding was analyzed using the curve
above-mentioned. The results show that the method used in the paper can eliminates the
uneven distribution, crossover, overlapping and multi-value characteristic, thus providing
convenience for the transition process analysis of pump-turbine.
1. Introduction
Pumped storage power station plays a more and more important role in power system, whether its
safe and efficient operation of direct bearing on the quality and reliability of the power grid. To ensure
the safe and reliable operation of pumped storage station, transient calculation needs to be made.
Because of the pumped storage power station with a complex structure, changing working conditions,
frequent starts and stops, bi-directional running, high head features, its transition process in addition to
the general characteristic of the transition process in conventional hydropower station, it also has its
particularity. Transition processes of pumped hydro-turbine and pump characteristic of the transition
process, a single condition and a single transition process, turbine or pump in it and there is no
essential difference between the transition process, but more pumped for high head reversible unit, and
its complete characteristics curve turbine or water pump complete characteristics curve in general
larger differences have a larger impact on the calculation of the transition process. And because of
their flexible start stop lifting loads quickly, is not required to transform conditions frequently, and its
calculation for safe and reliable operation is crucial to the transition process. In the calculation of the
transition process, require frequent application of complete characteristic curves of reversible pump-
turbine units of transient parameters. Usually given characteristic curve of pump-turbine, turbine
runaway condition, and braking area "s" type, water pump condition areas intersect and overlap, if the
calculated curve interpolation can sometimes lead to large errors, and because of its ambiguity might
make interpolation cannot be. Therefore, processing of complete characteristic curves of reversible
26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 15 (2012) 062015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/15/6/062015
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
1






unit has become the direct impact on the transition process of pumped calculation precision, reliability,
critical issues, all in pumped full and stable operation has a significant meaning
[1]
.
2. Processing method for complete characteristic curve
2.1. Analysis of characteristic curve
Due to the complete characteristic curves of reversible unit two "s" characteristics, calculation of the
transition process, if the direct application of
11
n or
11
Q , interpolation, will lead to large errors, and
because of its ambiguity, and may even result in interpolation calculation impossible. Therefore,
complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbines must be necessary to overcome certain
shortcomings and deficiencies of the characteristic curve of the original, improving the calculation
accuracy. For this reason, scholars at home and abroad for a lot of research, concluded that a variety of
complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbine.
The complete characteristic curves of reversible, according to the parameters:

H
nD
n
1
11
,
H D
Q
Q
2
1
11

,
H D
M
M
3
1
11

1
Available:
11
3
1
2
n
D n
H
,
11
11
3
1
n
Q nD
Q
,
2
11
11
5
1
2
n
M D n
M
2
11
n available in
11
Q and
11
M , then by (1) ask for a opening under the flow Q and torque M, any traffic
between the two opening lines, such as Q and torque m by interpolation order.

Figure 1. Toque characteristic curve
26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 15 (2012) 062015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/15/6/062015
2







Figure 2. Flow characteristic curve

From Figure.1, Figure.2, all properties appear on either side of the curve crosses, overlaps, and "s".
In the calculation of value in the process and may even result in interpolation and iterative calculation
can be done, therefore, complete characteristic curves of handling for transient calculation of
important issues of pumped directly affected the computing results accuracy and computation of
workload.
2.2. Suter method
Characteristic curve of pump-turbine full current is determined by test method
[3]
, when you make a
calculation of the transition process, discrete data curve shall be entered within the computer. As
shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, complete characteristic curves are made up of many irregular curves,
calculate interpolation calculation when two data points are in trouble. In addition, in the pump area
anti-water pumps and the curvature of the curve varies greatly, adjacent wicket opening line was
crossed, so the complete characteristic curves are processed, thus to make it easier to read when
calculating the accuracy of the data.
Suter is a physical concept clear, small workload calculation, on complete characteristic curves of
value of treatment effect of a method, this method will complete characteristic curves of reversible
units within the four quadrants by the following formula to convert to cyclical changes of the two
curves.

2 2
) (
q a
h
x WH

2 2
) (
q a
m
x WM

3
in the type
a
q
x arctan
r
n
n
a
r
Q
Q
q
r
M
M
m
r
H
H
h ; N, Q, M, H represent speed,
flow, torque, and head, subscript with r ratings.
For the reversible unit with guide vane, there should be a variable in this transformation, wicket gate
opening
r
Y Y y /

2
11 11
2
) 11 11
) / ( / (
) , (
r r
Q Q n n
h
y x WH

4
26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 15 (2012) 062015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/15/6/062015
3







2
11 11
2
) 11 11
11 11
) / ( / (
) , (
r r
r
Q Q n n
M M
y x WM

5
Thus, 0 a ]
/
/
arctan[
11 11
11 11
r
r
n n
Q Q
x
Thus, 0 a ]
/
/
arctan[
11 11
11 11
r
r
n n
Q Q
x
11 11 , 11
, M n Q Units respectively in traffic, speed, torque.
r r r
M n Q
11 11 , 11
, respectively under rated flow,
speed and torque. Through (4), (5) converter curve
[3]
.

Figure 3. WH (x, y), WM (x, y) curve
From Fig. 3, this transformation is mainly flat curve on both sides, and reduces on both sides of
cross and overlap. But curve distribution does not uniform. In the smaller opening when the curve is
too thin, the larger opening when the curve too close, and in pump area and anti-pump area although
decrease cross and overlap, But, no full elimination. In the curve of the left side of the head, there is a
curve almost and x axis verticalmay have multiple values. To sum up, this method transforms the
curve still shortcomings, so that the interpolation effect is not very ideal. Some corrections are made
on the Suter curve mainly in this paper, and the following conversion relationship is put forward:

2
2 2 2
11 11
2
) 11 11
2
) / ( / (
) , ( y
q a
h
Q Q n n
y
y x WH
r r

6
y
M
k
h
m
y
M
k M
y x WM
r r
) ( ) , (
11
1
11
1 11

7
when 0 a ] / ) arctan[( ]
/
/
arctan[
2
11 11
2 11 11
a h k q
n n
k Q Q
x
r
r

when 0 a ] / ) arctan[( ]
/
/
arctan[
2
11 11
2 11 11
a h k q
n n
k Q Q
x
r
r

Meet the significance in ibid, k
1
as the coefficient of, take 1.0~1.8;
2
k coefficients, taking 0.5~1.2
After (6), (7) type conversion, the curves in Figure 1 and Figure 2 were converted to the form of
curve as Figure 4 and Figure 5:
26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 15 (2012) 062015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/15/6/062015
4






0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3
Mobile corner x
W
H
(
x
,
y
)
Y=4mm
Y=8mm
Y=12mm
Y=16mm
Y=20mm
Y=24mm
Y=28mm
Y=32mm

Figure 4. WH (x, y) curve
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3
Mobile corner x
W
M
(
x
,
y
)
Y=4mm
Y=8mm
Y=12mm
Y=16mm
Y=20mm
Y=24mm
Y=28mm
Y=32mm

Figure 5. WM (x, y) curve
Can be seen from Figure 4, Figure 5, curve WH (x,y) and WM (x, y) into two parallel sets of
curves, completely eliminate Suter of transition curve is skewed, intersect and overlap, and
interpolation of values such as defects, get a good interpolation results. Data on complete
characteristic curves of reversible unit value and interpolation behavior occurs, is the inherent flow
characteristic features of reversible units
[2]
, data processing is not a feature to eliminate these, but
need the full guarantee on the basis of the real face of the original data, will be difficult to eliminate
because of these properties as a result of calculation. In the calculation of the transition process,
manufacturers give out on complete characteristics curve data refused to fully continuous after all;
predicting most interpolation and reasonable expansion of the characteristic curve in accordance with
the method described above will not cause the omission of the original data, and still maintains the
original characteristics of the data.
3. Surface fitting
In order to get WH,WM values under any of wicket opening when calculating the transition process,
access to documents related to this article, these WH curve surface fitting using least square in March.
The results are as follows:
26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 15 (2012) 062015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/15/6/062015
5







Figure 6. WH surface fitting

Figure 7. WM surface fitting
For certain reversible pump-turbine guide vane opening, its WH,WM property is only OK. In
calculation of pump-turbine transition processes, mathematical model based on least squares fitting
surfaces, mathematical model is based on relative flow angles x and relatively open to argument, use
of MATLAB programming fitting out of the sum of squares of deviations of minimal surface equation
of WH (x,y) and WM (x, y). In the calculation of the transition process, it can be found as an argument
(x,y) under the performance parameters.
4. Conclusions
In this paper the existing Suter curve transformation method for pump turbine characteristic curve is
improved. By using improved methods of treatment, the complete characteristic curves of pump
turbine in a class of parallel state. Multi-value problem in complete characteristic curves of pump
turbine has been eliminated basically. The processed curve of polynomial fitting, obtained relatively
smooth, characteristic curve. On this basis, curved surface fitting was conducted by using the least
26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 15 (2012) 062015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/15/6/062015
6






square method. Use this method in subsequent calculation of the transition process, We can quickly
and easily get required parameters under any wicket gate opening, to facilitate calculation of pump-
turbine transition process.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(50809054,
50909081), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of
China(20096118110012), the Special Fund of State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in
Shaanxi Province, the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of
China(2012JM7005), the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education
Department(2010JK735).
References
[1] Wang L S 2005 Study of hydraulic transition process adjustment and control of pumped Ph.D
Thesis (Nanjing: Hehai University)
[2] Mei Z Y 2000 Pumped Storage Power Generation Technologies (Beijing: China machine press)
[3] Chang J S 1991 Transition Process Of Hydraulic Machinery (Beijing: China machine press)
[4] Wang L 2000 Sichuan: Eastern Motors 4(14) 68~73
[5] Shao W Y and Zhang X 2004 Hydroelectricity 5 102-106
[6] Wang L S, Suo L S and Liu D 2000 Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering (3) 68-74
26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 15 (2012) 062015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/15/6/062015
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