Kingdom Protista

Phylum Euglenophycophyta
Euglenoids (Plantimals)
- single celled
- whip-like projections (flagella)
- Pellicle
- Paramylon
- Photosynthetic pigments
a. chlorophyll a and b
b. carotenoids
c. xanthophyll
- Asexual only (binary fission)
pellicle
long flagellum
contractile
vacuole chloroplast
mitochondrion
eyespot
nucleus
ER
Golgi body
Phylum Xanthophycophyta
Yellowish green algae
(chlorophyll a and c, beta
carotene and xanthophyll)
Unicellular, filamentous or
multinucleated
Long tubular coenocyte
Leucosin and oil
pectin with silica (some
with cellulose)
free floating or
epiphytic in freshwater
Vaucheria
Phylum Chrysophycophyta
Golden Brown Algae
- Unicellular with one , two or
more flagella
- chromatophores (pigment
cells ) have golden brown
color
a. carotene
b. diatomin
- photosynthetic reserved
foods (leucosin and oil)
chrysolaminarin
- Cell wall- pectin with silica
and calcium
Synura
Ochromonas
Phylum Chrysophcophyta/Bacillariophycophyta
Diatoms
Cell wall (silica) and called valves or
frustules
a. epitheca upper and larger valve
b. hypotheca lower and smaller
valve
Grouped based on symmetry
a. bilateral pennate type
b. radial centric type
Yellowish to brownish chromatophores
1. chlorophyll a and b
2. beta carotene
3. xanthophylls (fucoxanthin,
neofucoxanthin A and B and
diatomin )
Phylum Pyrrophycophyta
Dinoflagellates
marine
Pair of flagella
1. whiplash long and directed
posteriorly
- forward movement
2. tinsel flagellum ribbon like
- rotation
Gonyaulax and Gymnodinium
- toxin (bivalves)
- PSR (paralytic shellfish poisoning)
yellowish green or yellowish brown
(chlorophyll a and c, carotene,
xanthophyll (peridinin, dinoxanthin)
Starch and oil
Cell wall if present- cellulose and pectin
Phylum Chlorophycophyta
Green algae
Chlorophyll a and b, carotenes and
xanthophyll
Starch
Unicellular, colonial, filamentous, branched
or unbranched
Freshwater and marine habitats
Representative Genera of Green Algae:
I. Unicellular Species
A. Chlamydomonas
Unicellular, oval
with 2 flagella
B. Volvox
II. Motile Colonial Species
A. Volvox
50,000 cells
gelatinous matrix
Asexual reproduction
Gonidium(daughter cell)
III. Filamentous Species
A. Ulothrix
filamentous
green algae
unbranched
Rows of cells
with cross wall
Bracelet like
chloroplast
B. Oedogonium
Unbranched filament
Basal cell (holdfast)
cell with one nucleus and
single reticulate
chloroplast
Sexual reproduction
Macandrous
nannandrous
- large oogonium
containing the eggs is
fertilized by spermatozoid
from the antheridium
forming the oospore
C. Spirogyra
conjugating green algae
filamentous
spiral chloroplast
uninucleated
Sexual reproduction
- conjugation (2 similar
cells unite to form
zygospore)
Papillae , conjugation
tube
IV. Laminar Species
D. Ulva
Marine algae
Sea lettuce
Dibiontic life cycle
(alternation of
generation)
V. Parenchymatous Species
A. Chara
Stoneworts
(tankmosses or
brittleworts)
Stemlike body divided
into nodes and
internodes
1 meter long
Other representative genera:
Pediastrum
- colonial, non-
motile, flat plate-
shape colonies of
cells
- coenobic
Acetabularia
Caulerpa
Phylum Phaeophycophyta
Most live in temperate or cool seas
Range from microscopic filaments to
plantlike forms
Multicellular cellulose, pectin
Cell wall alginic acid (algin);
laminarin and mannitol
Include the rockweeds and kelps, the
largest of the protists
a. holdfast (rootlike) - anchorage
b. stipes (stem-like)
c. blades (leaf-like)
Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin.
Violaxanthin and diatoxanthin)
A. Ectocarpus
attached on rocks or
epiphytic on larger algae
or vascular plants
Asexually fragmentation
or by zoospores
Exhibit alternation of
generation
B. Sargassum
Rockweed
Largest and most
abundant
Thallus
a. root-like
b. stem-like
c. leaf-like parts
Air bladders (air
filled vesicles)
C. Fucus
Thallus (blade, stipe
and holdfast)
Air bladders or floats
Swollen receptacles
- pits or cavities
(conceptacles)
1. ostiole
2. oogonium
3. filament or
paraphysis
4. oogonia;
antheridia
Polysiphonia
tetrasporophyte
Phylum Rhodophycophyta
Red algae
Marine
Phycoerythrin, phycobilins, phycocyanin,carotenes,
xanthophylls
Floridean starch
Small epiphytes, crust-like, paper-like
(parenchymatous), calcified
Exhibit triphasic life cycle
1. carposporophyte carpospores (2N)
2. tetrasporophyte tetraspores(produced by
meiosis)
3. gametophyte gametangia :spermatangium,
carpogonium; egg, spermatium
Economic importance
1. source of carrageenan (used as stabilizer
in paints, cosmetics and dairy products
2. source of agar ( used to make gelatinous
capsules for pills, cosmetic base ,
culture medium in microbiology)
3. some species
- deposit calcium carbonate in cell walls
- coralline algae- build coral reef
- provide food for algae (together with
dinoflagellates)
2. Porphyra
Purple laver
gamet
Edible
Coralline algae
Cell walls
impregnated with
carbonates of
calcium and
magnesiu
Mastophora
Corralina
Kingdom Protista
PHYUM
THALUS
FORMAT
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
PIGMENTS
FORM OF
FOOD
STORAGE
CELL WALL
COMPOSITION
Euglenophyta
(Euglenoids)
Unicellular
Chlorophylls a and
b,Carotenoids,
Xanthophyll
Paramylon
(a Starch)
No Cell Wall,
Protein-rich
Pellicle
Phylum
Xanthophycophyta
Unicellular
filamentous
Chlorophylls a and c ,
beta- carotene
xanthophyll
Leucosin
and oil
Pectin and silica
Chrysophyta
(Golden
BrownAlgae)
Mostly
Unicellular,
Some Colonial
Xanthophyll (lutein
and fucoxanthin, beta
carotene
Leucosin
and oil
Cellulose
Bacillariophycophyta
(Diatoms)
Mostly
Unicellular,
Some Colonial
Chlorophylls a and c,
beta carotene,
Xanthophylls
(fucoxanthin,
neofucoxanthin a and
b, diatomin)
Leucosin silica
Pyrrophycophyta
Dinoflagellates
unicellular
Chlorophylla a and c,
Carotene, xanthophylls
and peridinin

Cellulose
(some are naked)
Chlorophycophyta
(Green Algae)
Unicellular,
Colonial,
Filamentous,
and
Multicellular
Chlorophyll a and b
Carotenes
Xanthophylls
starch cellulose
Phaecophyta
(Brown Algae)
multicelluar fucoxanthin
Laminarin
and
mannitol
Cellulose with
Alginic Acid
Rhodophycophyta Multicellular phycoerythrin floridean cellulose
(Red Algae) starch or pectin
calcium
carbonate



THALUS FORMAT PHYUM
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
PIGMENTS
FORM OF FOOD
STORAGE
CELL WALL
COMPOSITION
Unicellular, Colonial,
Filamentous, and
Multicellular
Chlorophyta
(Green Algae)
Chlorophylls a and b,
Carotenoids
Starch
Polysaccharides, Primarily
Cellulose
Multicellular
Phaeophyta
(Brown Algae)
Chlorophylls a and c,
Carotenoids, Fucoxanthin
Laminarin (an oily
carbohydrate)
Cellulose with Alginic Acid
Multicellular
Rhodophyta
(Red Algae)
Chlorophylls a, Phycobilins,
Carotenoids
Starch
Cellulose or Pectin, many with
Calcium Carbonate
Mostly Unicellular, Some
Colonial
Bacillariophyta
(Diatoms)
Chlorophylls a and c,
Carotenoids, Xanthophyll
Leucosin (an oily
carbohydrate)
Pectin, many with Silicon
Dioxide
Unicellular
Dinoflagellata
(Dinoflagellates)
Chlorophylls a and c,
Carotenoids
Starch Cellulose
Mostly Unicellular, Some
Colonial
Chrysophyta
(Golden Algae)
Chlorophylls a and c,
Xanthophyll, Carotenoids
Laminarin (an oily
carbohydrate)
Cellulose
Unicellular
Euglenophyta
(Euglenoids)
Chlorophylls a and
b,Carotenoids, Xanthophyll
Paramylon (a Starch)
No Cell Wall, Protein-rich
Pellicle