LESSON

3
LECTURE
GLOBE VALVES
SUB-OBJECTIVE
At the end of this lesson, the trainee ill !e a!le to de"onstrate an
#nderstandin$ of Glo!e Val%es&
'&( GLOBE VALVES
The Globe valve can be used as a regulating valve, or as a stop valve for
isolating systems. If it is used for regulation it is often called a control
valve.
The control valve is distinguished from a regular globe valve by the shape
and arrangement of the disc and seating area.
By its design, the globe valve generally provides for a tight seal and has
good throttling characteristics.
Globe valves are similar to gate valves in that the bonnet, body, and
operator are common to both. Also, the various bonnet connections and
end connections used in gate valves are found in globe valves, along with
rising and non-rising stems.
The differences in construction between gate valves and globe valves are
due to their different applications. Gate valves are used for on-off service.
Globe valves can be used for this purpose, but they are primarily used in
throttling applications, as showing in Fig. -!.
)i$& 3-'
In some of these valves the direction of flow is important, in which case an
arrow will be shown on the "A#"$ B%&' to illustrate the direction in which
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it should be installed. This valve is used e0tensively on high pressure
systems and particularly on steam line. As a result, globe valves must have
a disc that can be moved gradually away from the seat to increase the flow
of fluid. This is done by using one circular disc which mates with a single
seat. In order to insure that the disc will mate with its seat in valves
operating under high pressures, a guide stem is attached to the bottom.
This guide stem mates with a guide in the center of the seat.
As showing in Fig. -1, in the ne0t page.
)i$& 3-*& Co"+onents of Glo!e Val%e&
The offset flow pattern is also related to the operation of the disc. After
entering the valve inlet, the fluid stops against the disc but e0erts an
upward force. This force is sometimes used to help reduce the amount of
wor2 re3uired to open the globe valve. %f course, the opposite is also true.
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If fluid flowed in the outlet side, the fluid pressure would tend to hold the
disc closed. For this reason, it is important that the direction of flow by
considered when installing globe valves. (any manufactures place flow
direction arrows on their valve bodies to help in positioning the valve.
The change in direction of the fluid as it flows through the valve results in
increased resistance to the flow. )omplete drainage of the piping system is
also not readily accomplished with globe valves. Fig. -.
)i$& 3-3& Variation of !asi, %al%es as to desi$n -A. $lo!e& -B. An$le&
The statement that a valve is used to completely stop of regulate flow deserves
consideration, as it indicates when a globe valve or when a gate valve is to be
used. A globe valve is used to regulate flow, and a gate valve should be used
where the service re3uires the valve to be in full open or closed position. The
flow through a throttled globe valve is distributed uniformly around the entire
periphery of the dis2, giving even and less rapid wear. The flow through a
throttled gate valve is concentrated at the bottom of the wedge giving uneven
and more rapid wear. This is illustrated in Fig. -!.
Also owing to the construction of the valve, a globe valve is recommended when
the valve is to be operated fre3uently. The dis2 in a globe valve touches the seat
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only at the instant of closing. In a gate valve, the wedge travels over the full face
of the seat and conse3uently sliding wear will develop.
4hen a globe valve in these services finally wears, the globe valve is easier to
repair than a gate valve.
Fre3uently, engineering specifications will state 5Globe valves shall be used on
throttling service or where the valve is to be opened and closed fre3uently. Gate
valves shall be used for full-flow conditions or where the valve is normally in an
open or closed condition6.
4hen an ordinary globe valve is used in severe throttling service, rapid wear of
the seat and the dis2 can result. For tight closing it is sometimes better to use
two valves on the line, one for throttling and one that is either full open or closed.
*&( /ESIGN )EATURES
Globe valves are constructed in several ways. The seat surface, the body
type, and the disc arrangement differ according to the design and function
of the valve. Globe valve discs come in different designs. The most widely
used one is the plug disc. The plug disc is cone shaped. Basic types of
disc and seat arrangement for globe valve are7
*&' BALL - S0A1E/ /ISC
This disc fits on a tapered, flat surfaced seat and is usually used on
relatively low pressure, low temperature system Fig. -8. It9s generally used
in a fully open or shut position, but may be for moderate throttling.
)i$& 3-2& Ball Sha+ed /is,& A& Ball T3+e dis,
*&* T0E CO41OSITION /ISC
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This disc is renewable and can be adapted to varying types of flow. The
seating surface is often formed by a rubber 5%6 ring or washer. Fig. -:.
)i$& 3-5& Co"+osition /is,&
*&3 T0E 1LUG-T61E /ISC
This disc is also renewable, along with its seat rings and is very useful for
heavy duty throttling. &isc is cone shape and it fits into a cone shaped
seat. Fig. -;.
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*&2 T0E NEE/LE /ISC
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This disc which is very narrow and, therefore, best suited for close
regulation of flow. The diameter of flow. The diameter of the seat opening
is very narrow, and the disc descends well below it and into orifice formed
by the seat. Fig. -<.
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)i$& 3-8& Needle 1oint /is,&
(any globe valves used for steam service, are built with a bac2 seat. A
bac2 seat is a seating arrangement that provides a seal between the stem
and the bonnet. 4hen the valve is fully open, the bac2 seat on the stem
seats with the bonnet seat. Fig. -=.
The bac2 seat design prevents system pressure from building against the
valve pac2ing. In its fully open position, the bac2 seat of the disc prevents
lea2age into the upper part of the valve.
Globe valves are usually constructed with a rising stem, similar to that
found on many gate valves.
The stem is threaded into the bonnet or yo2e bushing.
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)i$& 3-9& Ba,: Seat /esi$n&
3&( VARIATIONS ON CO44ON VALVES
3&' CR6OGENIC VALVES
This valve is the term used for the storage and handling of substance at
very low temperatures >minus 1??@) rangeA.
/roblems 7
!. (ost valve materials and components become brittle rapidly due to
temperature.
1. *eat gain because of the great temperature difference between the
line and surrounding atmosphere of the plant.
The disc and seating arrangement of cryogenic valve is 3uite similar to the
that of a common globe valve. *owever there are some difference in the
stem and pac2ing arrangement. The stem e0tends through a long, hallow
operating tube to connect the disc to the operator. Around the outside of
the hollow tube and valve body is a vacuum Bac2et, which acts as an
insulator. The valve is pac2ed at the top, or 54arm6 end of the valve with
)hevron pac2ing or an 5%6 ring to ensure that there is no lea2age from the
valve stem.
)ryogenic valves are usually constructed from material such as bronCe and
austenitic stainless steel, because these materials do not generally become
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brittle. But carbon steel, since it will tend to become brittle easily when
e0posed to e0tremely low temperature. 4hile the system contained high
pressure, the pipe and valves would burst. .o carbon steel not
recommended to be used. As showing in Fig. -D.
)i$& 3-;& A Cr3o$eni, Val%e arran$e"ent of the Ste" and +a,:in$
$land&
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