CHAPTER 23

REVISION QUESTIONS
CORROSION
(Answer of question from course notes)
1- Direct Current ( DC )
2- Anodes
3- Anodes, Cathodes and Electrolyte.
- A su!stance which will conduct a current and !e !ro"en down !y its.
#- De$radation of metal !y a Chemical or Electrochemical means.
%- &rom Cathodes to Anodes.
'- (ydro$en $ases.
)- *teel.
+- Aluminum.
1,- *teel.
11- -ron *ul.hate and -ron Chlorides.
12- /inc, Alloy and 0a$nesium.
13- 2# - 1,,1m.
1- /inc will corrode.
1#- 2al3anic *eries, Electrochemical *eries, Electromoti3e &orce *eries.
1%- 0arine4s en3ironment.
1'- 5ustite, 0a$netite and (ematite.
1)- 0a$nesium.
1+- -ndustrial and a$riculture.
2,- Causes !y (y$rosco.ic *alts.
21- 6ositi3ely or ne$ati3ely char$e atom.
22- Current either .ositi3e or ne$ati3e ( DC 7 or DC - )
23- 6ositi3e Char$e
2- Cannot, !ecause three factors needed for corrosion to occur, anodes, cathodes and electrolyte.
2#- 6roton, Electron and 8eutron.
2%- 9lue layer on the surface of su!strate causes !y com!ination of o:ides com.ress to$ether in
hi$h tem.erature durin$ rollin$ .rocess of steel with a..ro:imate thic"ness 2# - 1,,1m.
2'- ;em.erature, (y$rosco.ic *alts, Aero!ic Condition, 9acteria, acid and al"alis.
2)- 9ecause the no!ility !etween steel and mill scale, mill scale more no!le than steel and mill
scale is easily flac" off if tem.erature a..lied and will lac" of adhesion due to different
e:.ansion.
2+- 9ecause of three elements for corrosion was there.
3,- 9ecause there is no .rotection at the steel.

131
CHAPTER 23
REVISION QUESTIONS
SURFACE PREPARATION
(Answer of question from course note)
1- 9* 1,.
2- 9* 1,.
3- C<*(( =E2>?A;-<8.
- Cross section of 9lastin$ 6rofile.
#- ;o remo3e contamination for !etter adhesion !etween a .aint and the su!strate.
%- ?amination or crac", a..ear to !e a lon$itudinal crac", which one li. curlin$ !ac".
'- A small surface lamination which stand u.ri$ht li"e a needle after !lastin$.
)- *urface 6re.aration, @ey, 6ea" to throu$h hei$ht.
+- As a .ermanent records.
1,- De$ree of cleanliness.
11- De.endant on the time s.ent on the area and 3elocity of the .articles.
12- Cannot, surface com.arator used for assess de$ree of rou$hness only.
13- , - 11#1m.
1- 2, - #,1m.
1#- 0olecular Attraction and 0olecular -nterference.
1%- 0olecular Attraction A ne$ati3ely char$e .article attracted to .ositi3ely areas and 3ise 3ersa
( analo$y ma$net )
0olecular -nterference A 9ecause the surface is rou$h and une3en the .aint wets and loc" into
the .rofile (analo$y BelcroC.hysical).
1'- 2#.1m.
1)- 9last .rofile, anchor .attern and am.litude.
1+- #, m.h.
2,- 0oisture.
21- 2,D - 3,D 2rit to ',D - ),D *hoot.
22- Create more uniform .rofile which 2rit cut a .rofile and a *hot will control .ea" to throu$h
hei$ht.
23- *teel *hot.
2- *urface 6rofile 8eedle 2au$e, Dial 0icrometer and =e.lica ;a.e and *urface Com.arator.
2#- 9last to lon$ time at a same area.
2%- &actory and confine s.ace.
2'- =efer to the En$ineer for (isC(er discretion.
2)- &ine, 0edium and Course.
2+- &iner than &ine and Coarser than Coarse.
3,- 2arnet siEe 3,%,.
132
SURFACE PREPARATION
(Answer of question from course note)
1- 6re.aration of steel su!strate !efore a..lication of .aints and related .roduct.
2- *iEe of .articles, hardness, density and sha.e of .article.
3- =emo3e or reduce electric static shoc".
- (y.odermic 8eedle 2au$e.
#- ?on$ .roduction run, Can control quality, more safety, efficient use of a!rasi3e.
%- -m.ossi!le.
'- Fes, the a..earance.
)- 8o different.
+- Fes, =ust $rade D ha3e a hea3y .itted.
1,- 22,m.h.
11- 1,,.si .er noEEle.
12- 6olishin$ and smooth shiny areas which does not .ro3ide $ood adhesion.
13- *A 1
1- '.(
1#- >sin$ .( indication stri. .a.er.
1%- ;o retards the formation of corrosion .roduct.
1'- =ust 2rade A and D.
1)- 6ic"lin$ .rocess followed !y .assi3ation .rocess.
1+- , till '.(.Acid , ' till 1.( Al"alines
?itmus .a.er to measure of either acid or al"alis.
*u..ly a lar$e amount of water, dis.osal of slurry and mi: of inhi!itor.
2,- =e3ert, screw, !olt and nuts.
21- E:.ansion, Dehydration and (eat .enetration.
22- A&1, 9&1, C&1 and D&1.
23- *tandard of toolin$- 8eedle Gettin$ or 8eedle 2un.
2- *; 2 means thorou$h hand and .ower tool cleanin$ and *; 3 means Bery thorou$h hand and
.ower tool cleanin$.
2#- 6hos.horus 9ronEe and 9eryllium 9ronEe.
2%- 9urnishin$ did not .ro3ide a $ood adhesion of .aint.
2'- ?ea3e a 3ery coarse .rofile and need to re.air !y a!raded with emery clothes.
2)- .# ;ill '.(.
2+- <il or water filterCse.arator.
3,- ),D .roduction.
31- Hylene
32- 9lastin$ ;ri$$ers which always under o.erator control.
33- 9y Air 5ash *e.arator.
3- Bery haEardous to the o.erator.
3#- (i$h .ressure water !lastin$ u. to 3,,,,.si, (i$h .ressure water .lus a!rasi3e inIection, ?ow
.ressure water .lus a!rasi3e inIection and 5ater 9lastin$.
133

2,- %# till ',JC.
3'- After 6ic"lin$ 6rocess com.lete, immerse the steel su!strate into a !ath of
.hos.horicCChromic acid, 2 D solution at ),JC for a..ro:imately one to two minute with iron
fillin$ (,.#D) and after that rinse in clean water and chec" for 6h 3alues. Balue should !e at the
ran$e of .# till '.(.
3).2,,,.si
3+- ?ot of slurry, use lar$e amount of water and use inhi!itor.
,- =educe dust and $ood to remo3e to:ic .aint.
1- ;o forms rust inhi!iti3e layers, which .assi3ate the surface and increase the adhesion
.ro.erties and also e:tremely resistant to cathodic dis!ondment.
2-;reated !y a!radin$ with emery clothes.
3- 8o
- 1 .hotos, 2 for rust $rade A, .hotos for each rust $rade 9, C and D.
#- 2rit 9lastin$.
133 & 134

PAINT TECHNOLOGY (1)
1- 6owder .aint.
2- @etones C Acetone.
3- (i$h resistance to mould $rowth, non-flamma!le, resistance to chemical attac", non to:ic and
easy maintenance.
- ?ow resistance to some sol3ent, low tem.erature tolerance (%#JC ma:imum) and s.ray
a..lication resulted in Kco!we!s K.
#- 5hite *.irits.
%- Chlorine.
'- 8o, C= contain with stron$ sol3ent and Al"yd contain with wea" sol3ent, if C= a..lied o3er
Al"yd its will result a liftin$.
)- Ali.hatic (ydrocar!onC5hite s.irits.
+- &rom words of Alcohol and Acid reaction.
1,- -nert .articles with e:cellent li$ht scatterin$ .ro.erties in order to $i3e co3erin$ .ower,
o.acity and colour.
11- A 9inder.
12- Acce.ta!le, wea" sol3ent !inder o3er stron$ sol3ent !inder not creates any .aint fault. -.e.
liftin$.
13- 8ot acce.ta!le, stron$ sol3ent !inder o3er wea" sol3ent !inder will s.oilt the .aint system.
-.e. liftin$.
1- Acce.ta!le, wea" sol3ent !inder o3er stron$ sol3ent !inder not creates any .aint fault. -.e.
liftin$.
1#- 8ot acce.ta!le, stron$ sol3ent !inder o3er wea" sol3ent !inder will s.oilt the .aint system.
-.e. liftin$.
1%- Acce.ta!le, wea" sol3ent !inder o3er stron$ sol3ent !inder not creates any .aint fault. -.e.
liftin$.
1'- 8ot acce.ta!le, stron$ sol3ent !inder o3er wea" sol3ent !inder will s.oilt the .aint system.
-.e. liftin$.
1)- Dye and 3arnish.
1+- Bery !rittle and fast dry.
2,- 0ust !e a ty.e that will com!ine with o:y$en (unsaturated).
21- &orms thic" im.ermea!le layer of hi$h electrical resistance.
22- Causin$ a chemical reaction !etween the .aint constituent and the su!strate.
23- 9y sacrifical coatin$.
2- 0ulti Com.onent ?iquids .aints.
2#- &or ease a..lication, adhesion to su!strate, a!rasion resistance, chemical resistance, cohesi3e
stren$th and a!ility to resist the .assa$e of water.
2%- Co.al, dammar and coumarone.
2'- ?inseed oil, castor oil, oli3e oil, tun$ oil, *oya oil and .alm oil.
2)- A mi:ture of oil and resins.
2+- *ilicones, usually car!on or aluminium .i$mented.
3,- Car!on and aluminium.
135

PAINT TECHNOLOGY (2)
1- 6oly means many and 0ers means sin$le units, can !e sin$le atom or molecule.
2- Goinin$ to$ether of a strin$ structure of re.eated units.
3- ?inear .olymer, !ranched .olymer and cross lin"ed .olymer.
- ?ess than #D oil to resin.
#- 0ore than %,D oil to resin.
%- -nert .article with e:cellent scatterin$ .ro.erties in order to $i3e co3erin$ .ower, o.acity and
colour.
'- 1C1,
th
micron.
)- *aturated oil will not solidify !y .olymerisation to form a film and unsaturated oil will
com!ine with o:y$en.
+- *emi dryin$ oil and 8on dryin$ oil.
1,- Dye can easily dissol3e !ut .i$ment cannot.
11- Animal, 3e$eta!le, mineral and synthetically .roduce.
12- 5hite colour.
13- =ed ?ead, calcium .lum!hate, Coal tar and Einc chromate.
1- @aolin, china clay, calcium .lum!hate, ma$nesium silicate and aluminium silicate.
1#- 0icacous iron o:ide, 2lass fla"e, 2ra.hite and Aluminium fla"e.
1%- A film ha3e a $ood $loss .ro.erties !ut .oor co3erin$ .ower and ha3e tendency to !lister or
low cohesi3e stren$th.
1'- Critical 6i$ment Bolume Concentration.
1)- &or a shelf life of .aint.
1+- A !lac" colour.
2,- Ease of a..lication, adhesion to su!strate, a!rasion resistance, chemical resistance and
cohesi3e stren$th.
21- Added into .rimer to .rotect the steel su!strate !y !y .assi3ation.
22- LLLLLLLLLL
23- All .article are not wetted, the .aint film would !e .orous, low in cohesi3e stren$th and
adhesion.
2- /inc .hos.hate.
2#- 6ro3ide adhesion, cohesion, films stren$th and dura!ility.
2%- 2reen, yellow and oran$es.
2'- ; o $i3e .aint fle:i!ility and reduce !rittleness.
2)- /inc and Aluminium.
2+- &or o:idiEin$ oil and resin which are added durin$ .aint manufacturin$.
3,- A Ielly .aint, non dri. and if stir would !e chan$e into normal liquid.

136 & 137
31- 6rocess of millin$ or $rindin$ a .aint in$redient to a suita!le siEe.
32- -ts will retard the formation of s"in on the .aint surface.
33- Al"yd resins and non dryin$ oil.
3- ;he resultin$ liquids -.e. salts mi: with water will result salty water.
3#- *alt mi: into water will result salty water, su$ar mi: into water will result sweeten water.
3%- 6aint consist of solid .articles sus.ended in the 3ehicle where is no solu!ility.
3'- *us.ension and Emulsion.
3)- Con3erti!leC8on =e3ersi!le.
3+- Cross lin"ed 6olymer.
,- Chlorinated =u!!er, Binyl, Acrylic, cellulous material and lacquer.
1- Allowin$ the .olymer in a .aint structure !ac" into solution.
2- 8ot allowin$ the .olymer in a .aint structure !ac" into solution.
3- *ol3ent E3a.oration, <:idation, Chemical Curin$ and Coalescence.
- Chlorinated =u!!er, Binyl4s, Acrylic and fall into ?inear 6olymer cate$ories.
#- ;he (e$man 2rind 2au$e which used to measure de$ree of dis.ersion of .aint.
%- Al"yd, 6henolic and neutral oil and resin.
'- Cross lin"in$ 6olymer.
)- =e3ersi!le or non con3erti!le and linear .olymer.
+- 6hysically Ioint to$ether.
#,- ;he .eriods of time after mi:in$ which .aint must !e used.
#1- Amides, Amines and -socycnate.
#2- LLLLLLLL
#3- 2i3in$ off heat, the container will warm u..
#- ;he len$th of time after mi:in$ which the .aint should stand !efore used.
##- ;hermosettin$ means the material will cure with the a..lication of heat. And ;hermo.lastic
means materials soften with the a..lication of heat.
#%- Cross ?in"in$ 6olymer.
#'- *tand ;ime and ?ead ;ime.
#)- Fes, the time de.ends on 6aint 0anufacturer recommendation.
#+- Binyl, Chlorinated =u!!er, Al"yd and Cellulose.
%,- ;hermosettin$, the .owder will cure with the a..lication of heat.
%1- -t4s a 9arrier coat.
%2- LLLLLLLLL
%3- Endothermic reaction, ta"in$ in heat, the .aint container will cold and formin$ condensation.
%- *to3in$, usin$ o3en or infra red.
%#- De.ends on ;echnical Data *heet recommendation from .aint manufacture.
%%- (ea3y metal salts, <ctoates or na.htanes of co!alt, man$anese and Eirconium.
%'- ;o "ee. solid .articulated constituents in de.ression within the .aints.
%)- Al"yd and 8on dryin$ oil.
%+- LLLLL
',- 9y o:idiEin$.
136 & 137
'1- ;he tem.erature at which water 3a.or in the air will condense.
'2- ;he amount of water 3a.or in the air e:.ressed as a .ercenta$e of the amount of water 3a.or
which could !e in the air at that same tem.erature.
'3- Always wet !ul! first and immediately.
'- At a s.eed of meterCsecond.
'#- Distilled water.
'%- As.irated (y$rometer and 6sychrometer.
''- Decrease.
')- 0ust !e accordin$ to 9* 2)2.
'+- ?im.et 2au$e, Di$ital ;hermometer, ;hermocou.le and ;ouch 6yrometer.
),- -m.ossi!le.
136 & 137
PAINT TESTING
1- &luids resistance to flow, where the liquids with a hi$h 3iscosity is one which a hi$h resistance
to flow and it would not run easily, a low 3iscosity is fluids runs 3ery easily.
2- ?iquids with a hi$h resistance to flow. And would not run easily.
3- <ne centi .oise.
4- C2*-6oise and *--8ewton .er square meter.
5- &ord &low Cu., /han and &ri"mar and D-8.
6- ;ime in second at the measure tem.erature (secondC2,JCM,.#)
7- Diameter of noEEle o.enin$ at the !ottom of cu..
- =otothinner-Dynamic Biscosity and @re! stormer Biiscometer-@inematics Biscosity.
!- Com.arin$ the sam.le ta"en from the o.erator at the .oint of a..lication and the sam.le from
the .aint manufacture technical data sheet.
1"- &ord &low Cu..
11- ;em.erature would effect the dryin$ and curin$ of .aint under test.
12- =otothinner $i3in$ dynamic 3iscosity and @re!s *tomer $i3in$ "inematics 3iscosity.
13- Clean and dry the cu., .ut on the trian$ular stand and ma"e it .arallel usin$ s.irit !u!!le
le3elin$ on the lid of cu., o.en a cu., .lace a fin$er at a noEEle under a cu., fill a cu. with a
.aint under test and clean out any accesses if .aint !y ruler, stand!y with sto. watch, at the
time we remo3e our fin$er from noEEle immediately at the same time .ress start !utton at sto.
watch and loo" at the first !ra"e of .aint which dro. from noEEle under cu. and sto. the sto.
watch. ;he readin$ should !e *econdC2,JCM,.#.
14- ;he (e$man 2rind 2au$e.
15- 8<, the hi$her tem.erature is !etter and safer.
16- (.a$e %))
17- (.a$e %#)
1- A!le Cu..
1!- 9lue flame flash o3er the cu..
2"- 5ei$ht .er Bolume. (5NB)
21- Density of H N Density of water.
22- Density of 5ater.
23- =elati3e Density Cu., *.ecific 2ra3ity Cu., 5ei$ht .er liter Cu., 5ei$ht .er $allon Cu. and
6y"nometer.
24- @inematics Biscosity.
25- ;a!er =otary A!raser.
26- Conical 0andrels.
27- ;u!ular -m.act ;ester.
2- ;est the hardness of .aint after fully cured.
2!- Determine correct mi:in$ ratio and correct .ercenta$e of thinner added into a .aint.
3"- (umidity Ca!inet, *alt *.ray Ca!inet, 5ater *oa" ;est, ;em.erature Cyclin$ and .rohesion
test.
13#13!
31- ;estin$ a .ain in a situation of tro.ical condition.
32- (i$her than density of water.
33- *ol3ent would reduce or chan$e the 3olume solids .ercenta$e in .aint.
34- 1,,cc ca.acity.
35- *.ecific 2ra3ity used for water and Density used for sol3ent.
36- 5ater a!sor.tion.
37- *u!Iect to constant cycle tem.erature from hot to cold and hot a$ain.
3- Constant e:.ansion and contraction which can result in a crac".
3!- 9allotini ;est and 9@ Dryin$ ;ime =ecorder.
4"- 5hen there are no any scratches 3isi!le on a .aint surface.
41- 9lac" and white fused .late, ;hrou$h ;y.e and (idin$ 6ower Chart and micrometer
adIusta!le film a..licator.
42- Ca.a!ility of .aint to $i3in$ hidin$ .ower to the underlyin$ surface.
43- ;o chec"ed o.acity of .aint.
44- ;o determine the indi3idual thic"ness of .aint film.
45- ;o control thic"ness durin$ a..lication which $i3e a confidence that after .aint dry the
thic"ness still in the ran$e of dry film thic"ness a .er s.ec requirement and control a .aint
consum.tion.
46- Eccentrics =ims and 5et Com!s.
47- ;o determine accurate thic"ness readin$.
4- Com.arin$ with .aint manufacturer technical data sheet.
4!- 8o, used for ferrous metal su!strate only.
5"- 8o, used for non ferrous metal su!strate only.
51- 8o, used for ferrous metal su!strate only.
52- (idin$ .ower chart in o.acity test.
53- 2lossmeter.
54- 9y a reflectance of li$ht at s.ecified an$le.
55- De$ree of dis.ersion, .article siEe, resin ty.e, sol3ent ty.e and .i$ment 3olume concentration.
56- ,1m.
57- 1,-2,1m.
5- Almost 1,,D.
5!- De$ree of $loss for .rimer and mid coat .aint.
6"- ?i$ht would !e deflected and the $loss .ercenta$e readin$ would !e lower.
61- B-Cut test, Cross (atch Cut and Dolly test.
62- Dolly ;est units in 0.aC.siCl!C8ewton.
63- Cohesi3e failure within a .aint film.
64- *odium Chlorides.
65- (ydro$en and Chlorine $as.
66- After B-Cut the .aint must not e:.osed the su!strate. -.e. &.9.E #mm only after 2) day.
67- *acrificial Anodes and -m.ress Current.
6- LLLLLLLLLL
6!- LLLLLLLLLL
7"- 8o, these systems only control the corrosion formation.

13 & 13!
71- Fes, !y .rimary defence ( coatin$)
72- 8o, at the liquids le3el only !y cathodic .rotection, the rest, !y .aint.
73- *ettin$ at +3olts.
74- *ettin$ at %'.#3olts or +,3olts.
75- Deter$ent or washin$ liquids.
76- ;o allow immediate .enetration of the water and .ro3idin$ a 3ery low resistance circuit !ac"
to the control !o:.
77- 8o ad3ice.
7- ;o wet out the entire surface.
7!- Direct Current.
"- (i$h 3olta$e (oliday Detector.