Solar Water Heater

Solar water heating (SWH) or solar hot water (SHW)

systems comprise several innovations and many
mature renewable energy technologies that have been well
established for many years. SWH has been widely used in
Australia, Austria, China, Cyprus, Greece, India, Israel,
Japan, Jordan, Spain and Turkey.
In a "close-coupled" SWH system the storage tank is
horizontally mounted immediately above the solar
collectors on the roof. No pumping is required as the hot
water naturally rises into the tank through thermosiphon flow.
In a "pump-circulated" system the storage tank is ground- or
floor-mounted and is below the level of the collectors; a
circulating pump moves water or heat transfer fluid between
the tank and the collectors.
SWH systems are designed to deliver hot water for most of the year. However, in winter there sometimes may not
be sufficient solar heat gain to deliver sufficient hot water. In this case a gas or electric booster is used to heat the
water.
With energy savings and reliable operations like never before, Honeywell solar water heating systems address the daily
hot water requirements for varying family sizes, climate conditions & building types. We have a well trained installation
team, making our solutions easily accessible to end users, thus bringing the power of the Sun to every home. Honeywell
solar water heating systems range from 100/200/300 liters per day stand alone models to centralized systems of several
thousand liters capacity, applicable to all building types; right from individual bungalows, row houses, multi-storied
apartments to large townships, swimming pools, and commercial and industrial applications etc.
Advantages of Solar Water Heater
Quality: Durable and long life (life expectation more than 15 years)
Service: Strong dealer network across country & well trained installation team
Technology: Triple layered evacuated tube technology for rapid water heating
Better Insulation: Specially insulated storage tanks retain hot water for considerable amount of time, with minimal
temperature drop at night
Suited for Indian conditions: Our storage tanks are specially suitable for Indian hard water conditions
Optimum conversion threshold: Higher efficiency
Easier to install & maintain: Makes the system suitable for varied projects





Solar cooker
A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or pasteurize food or drink. Many
solar cookers presently in use are relatively inexpensive, low-tech devices, although some are as powerful or as
expensive as traditional stoves,
[1]
and advanced, large-scale solar cookers can cook for hundreds of
people.
[2]
Because they use no fuel and cost nothing to operate, many nonprofit organizations are promoting their
use worldwide in order to help reduce fuel costs (for low-income people) and air pollution, and to slow down
thedeforestation and desertification caused by gathering firewood for cooking. Solar cooking is a form of outdoor
cooking and is often used in situations where minimal fuel consumption is important, or the danger of accidental
fires is high, and the health and environmental consequences of alternatives are severe.
[3]

Many types of solar cookers exist, including parabolic solar cookers, solar ovens, and panel cookers, among others.
Principles[edit]
Simple solar cookers use the following basic principles:
Concentrating sunlight: A reflective mirror of polished glass, metal or metallised film concentrates light and heat
from the sun on a small cooking area, making the energy more concentrated and increasing its heating power.
Converting light to heat: A black or low reflectivity surface on a food container or the inside of a solar cooker
improves the effectiveness of turning light into heat. Light absorption converts the sun's visible light into heat,
substantially improving the effectiveness of the cooker.
Trapping heat: It is important to reduce convection by isolating the air inside the cooker from the air outside the
cooker. A plastic bag or tightly sealed glass cover traps the hot air inside. This makes it possible to reach
temperatures on cold and windy days similar to those possible on hot days.
Greenhouse effect: The cooking pot is located under a closed cover made of glass or transparent plastic. This
"glazing" transmits incoming visible sunlight but is opaque to escaping infrared thermal radiation.
Operation[edit]
Food is prepared as if for an oven or stove top. However, because food cooks faster when it is in smaller pieces,
food placed inside a solar cooker is usually cut into smaller pieces than it might otherwise be.
[4]
For
example, potatoes are usually cut into bite-sized pieces rather than roasted whole.
[5]
For very simple cooking, such
as melting butter or cheese, a lid may not be needed and the food may be placed on an uncovered tray or in a bowl.

Solar cell
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by
thephotovoltaic effect. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as
current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light.
Solar cells are described as being photovoltaic irrespective of whether the source is sunlight or an artificial light.
They are used as a photodetector (for example infrared detectors), detecting light or other electromagnetic
radiation near the visible range, or measuring light intensity.
The operation of a photovoltaic (PV) cell requires 3 basic attributes:
The absorption of light, generating either electron-hole pairs or excitons.
The separation of charge carriers of opposite types.
The separate extraction of those carriers to an external circuit.
In contrast, a solar thermal collector supplies heat by absorbing sunlight, for the purpose of either direct heating or
indirect electrical power generation from heat. A "photoelectrolytic cell" (photoelectrochemical cell), on the other
hand, refers either to a type of photovoltaic cell (like that developed by Edmond Becquerel and modern dye-
sensitized solar cells), or to a device that splits water directly into hydrogen and oxygen using only solar illumination.
Applications[edit]
Assemblies of photovoltaic cells are used to make solar modules which generate electrical power from sunlight, as
distinguished from a "solar thermal module" or "solar hot water panel." The electrical energy generated from solar
modules, colloquially referred to as solar power, is an example of solar energy.
Cells, modules, panels and systems[edit]
Multiple solar cells in an integrated group, all oriented in one plane,
constitute a solar photovoltaic panel or solar photovoltaic module.
Photovoltaic modules often have a sheet of glass on the sun-facing side,
allowing light to pass while protecting the semiconductor wafers. Solar
cells are usually connected in series in modules, creating an
additive voltage. Connecting cells in parallel yields a higher current;
however, problems such as shadow effects can shut down the weaker
(less illuminated) parallel string (a number of series connected cells)
causing substantial power loss and possible damage because of
the reverse biasapplied to the shadowed cells by their illuminated
partners. Strings of series cells are usually handled independently and not connected in parallel, though (as of 2014)
individual power boxes are often supplied for each module, and are connected in parallel. Although modules can be
interconnected to create an array with the desired peak DC voltage and loading current capacity, using independent
MPPTs (maximum power point trackers) is preferable.