16

16
Types of Slabs
Load Paths and Framing Concepts
One-way Slabs
Two-way Slabs
Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET
Reinforced Concrete Design
Reinforced Concrete Design
S U R A N A R E E INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Design of Slabs
Types of Slab
One-way slab Two-way slab One-way slab
Flat plate slab Flat slab Grid slab
Think well need some additional framing members???
Load Path / Framing Possibilities
L
n
= 4.4 m
L
n
= 8.2 m
L
n
= 3.2 m
L
n
= 3.6 m
Plan
Framing Concepts
Lets use a simple example
for our discussion
Think about relating it to your
design project.
Column spacing 8 m c-c
Framing Concepts
We can first assume that
well have major girders
running in one direction
in our one-way system
Framing Concepts
We can first assume that
well have major girders
running in one direction
in our one-way system
If we span between girders
with our slab, then we have
a load path, but if the spans
are too long
But we need to support the
load from these new beams,
so we will need additional
supporting members
Framing Concepts
We will need to shorten up
the span with additional beams
We again assume that well
have major girders running in
one direction in our one-way
system.
Framing Concepts
Now lets go back through with
a slightly different load path.
This time, lets think about
shortening up the slab span by
running beams into our girders.
Our one-way slab will transfer our load to the beams.
Two Load Path Options
Framing Concepts - Considerations
For your structure:
Look for a natural load path
Assume walls are not there for structural support, but
consider that the may help you in construction (forming)
Identify which column lines are best suited to having
major framing members (i.e. girders)
Example
Example
Condo Floor Plan
Condo Floor Plan
1
.
0

m
L
S
Main reinforcement
n.env.e:avrv-v.:.
One-way Slab
Design of one-way slabs is like design of parallel 1m beams.
Design of One-way Slab (L > 2S)
S
L
1 m
u++.a+uv.arav.uvo+vo.++ + .ro.
S
w
Minimum Thickness (ACI)
Simply
supported
One end
continuous
Both ends
continuous
Cantilever
L/20 L/24 L/28 L/10
*
multiplied by 0.4 + f
y
/7,000 for steel other than SD40
ACI Design Provision ACI Design Provision
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement
Spacing 5 t 45 cm
Main Steel (short direction):
A
s
6 mm
Max. Spacing 3 t 45 cm
Min. Spacing f main steel 4/3 max agg. 2.5 cm
For structural slabs only; not intended for soil-supported slabs on grade
Ratio of reinforcement A
s
to gross concrete area A
g
: A
s
/A
g
RB24 (fy = 2,400 ksc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0025
DB30 (fy = 3,000 ksc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0020
DB40 (fy = 4,000 ksc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0018
DB (fy > 4,000 ksc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.0018 4,000
0.0014
y
f

Effect of column width
b b
L
b/2
12
2
wL
2
wL
A
A
b/2
B
w
Moment at A:
( )

+ =

+ =
8 4 12
2
2 /
2 2 12
2 2
2
2
wb wLb wL
b w b wL wL
( )

+ =

=
12 6 12 12
2 2
2
wb wLb wL b L w
M
If A and B are fiexed against rotation,
B
12
2
wL
2
wL
Typical reinforcement in a one Typical reinforcement in a one- -way slab way slab
Exterior span
Bottom bars
Top bars at
exterior beams
Top bars at
exterior beams
Interior span
Temperature bars
(a) Straight top and bottom bars
Exterior span
Bottom bars
Bent bar Bent bars
Interior span
Temperature bars
(b) Alternate straight and bent bars
3

@

8

m

=

2
4

m
4 @ 12 m = 48 m
G1
A A
S1 S2 S3
Example: Design one-way slab as shown below to carry the live
load 500-kg/m
2
f
c
= 210 kg/cm
2
, f
y
= 2,400 kg/cm
2
0.4 + 2400/7000 = 0.74
min h = 400(0.74)/24 = 12.3 cm
USE h = 13 cm
DL = 0.132400 = 312kg/m
2
w
u
= 1.4(312) + 1.7(500) = 1,286.8 kg/m
2
clear span = 4 - 0.3 = 3.7 m
M
u
= (1,286.8)(3.7)
2
/10 = 1,762 kg-m

max
= 0.75
b
= 0.75(0.0454) = 0.0341
USE RB9 with 2 cm covering: d = 13-2-0.45 = 10.55 cm
ksc 6 . 17
55 . 10 100 9 . 0
100 1762
2 2
=


= =
bd
M
R
u
n

0077 . 0
85 . 0
2
1 1
85 . 0
'
'
=

=
c
n
y
c
f
R
f
f

<
max
OK
A
s
= bd = 0.0077(100)(10.55) = 8.16 cm
2
/m
Select RB9@0.07 (A
s
= 9.28 cm
2
/m)
Temp. steel = 0.0025(100)(13) = 3.25 < 9.28 cm
2
/m OK
Select RB9@0.18 (A
s
= 3.53 cm
2
/m)
Detailing of one-way slab
3
1
L
4
1
L
8
1
L
L
1
Temp. steel
4.0 .
.13 .
1.0 . 1.3 .
RB9@0.10
RB9@0.18 RB9@0.07
+.c :.
.+. :.
+.c :. +.. :.
-saec.c.
ra:.ev.v.ev
-saec.+a
-saec.++ .e:n.rv
Design of Two-way Slab (L < 2S)
L
S
Min. Thickness:
t 9 cm Perimeter/180 = 2(L+S)/180
Reinforcement Steel:
A
s
6 mm Temp. steel
Max. Spacing 3 t 45 cm
Min. Spacing main steel 4/3 max agg. 2.5 cm
Load transfer from two-way Slab
45
o
45
o
45
o
45
o
A
D C
B
S
L
Short span (BC):
Floor load = w kg/sq.m
Tributary area = S
2
/4 sq.m
Load on beam = wS/4 wS/3 kg/m
Long span (AB): Span ratio m = S/L
Tributary area = SL/2 - S
2
/4 = sq.m
Load on beam kg/m

m
m S 2
4
2

2
3
3
2
m wS
Moment Coefficient Method
S/4
S/4
S/2
L/4 L/2 L/4
.eue
.eu.e
.eu.e
.eue
.eu.e .eu.e
-M
s
-M
s
+M
s
+M
L
-M
L
-M
L
Middle strip moment: M
M
= CwS
2
Column strip moment: M
C
= 2M
M
/3
o+.++aru.:anera+r.rvo ( C ,
aoua:uv
u.+av
u.+a+.
r.ra m
uvn+av
|:.:v.euev.a.va
ev':.a.va
|:.:v.urer
+.o o.o o.e o.. o.c o.u
o.occ
-
o.oau
o.o=o
-
o.oco
o.o=e
-
o.occ
o.ouu
-
o.o=+
o.occ
-
o.o=.
o.oec
-
o.oca
o.occ
-
o.oau
uvIroa.va++v.a.
|:.:v.euev.a.va
ev':.a.va
|:.:v.urer
o.o=+
o.oa+
o.oc+
o.o=e
o.oa=
o.occ
o.ouu
o.oa.
o.o=+
o.oca
o.oc+
o.o=.
o.oco
o.ocu
o.oua
o.oeu
o.o=a
o.oc=
o.o=+
o.oa+
o.oc+
uvIroa.va+aa++v
|:.:v.euev.a.va
ev':.a.va
|:.:v.urer
o.o=o
o.oau
o.oc.
o.ou.
o.oae
o.o=c
o.oc=
o.oca
o.o=e
o.o.+
o.occ
o.ou=
o.o.e
o.oco
o.ouo
o.ooo
o.o=u
o.oce
o.o=o
o.oau
o.oc.
o+.++aru.:anera+r.rvo ( C ,
aoua:uv
u.+av
u.+a+.
r.ra m
uvIroa.va+a+r+v
|:.:v.euev.a.va
ev':.a.va
|:.:v.urer
+.o o.o o.e o.. o.c o.u
o.oue
o.oao
o.o==
o.occ
o.occ
o.ouo
o.o.=
o.oc.
o.ouc
o.oea
o.o=+
o.oca
o.ooo
o.o=u
o.oce
o.ooe
o.o=o
o.o.=
o.oue
o.oao
o.o==
uvIroa.va+a+v
|:.:v.euev.a.va
ev':.a.va
|:.:v.urer
-
o.occ
o.ouo
-
o.oce
o.ou.
-
o.o=c
o.oc=
-
o.o=.
o.o.a
-
o.ouc
o.oeo
-
o.ouu
o.oec
-
o.occ
o.ouo
Bar detailing in slab
L
1
L
2
L
1
/7 L
1
/4
L
1
/3
L
2
/4
L
2
/3
+.....
Bar detailing in beam
L
1
L
2
L
1
/8
L
1
/3 L
2
/3
L
1
/8
uaavavnv
.+.+.
.+.:
L/5
L/5
L = ..a.-..a.a
Example: Design two-way slab as shown below to carry the live
load 300-kg/m
2
f
c
= 240 kg/cm
2
, f
y
= 2,400 kg/cm
2
3.80
4.00
4.80 5.00
Floor plan
0.10
0.50
0.20 0.20
Cross section
Min h = 2(400+500)/180 = 10 cm
DL = 0.10(2,400) = 240 kg/m
2
w
u
= 1.4(240)+1.7(300) = 846 kg/m
2
m = 4.00/5.00 = 0.8
A
s,min
= 0.0018(100)(10) = 1.8 cm
2
/m
Short span
Moment coeff. C
-M(....)
+M
-M(...)
0.032 0.048 0.064
Max. M = C w S
2 =
0.064 846 4.0
2
= 866 kg-m/1 m width
d = 10 - 2(covering) - 0.5(half of DB10) = 7.5 cm
2
2 2
86, 600
17.11 kg/cm
0.9 100 7.5
u
n
M
R
bd
= = =

0.85 2
1 1 0.0045
0.85
c n
y c
f R
f f

= =

A
s
= 0.0045(100)(7.5) = 3.36 r:.
.
> A
s,min
.ear.-erev DB10@0.20 (A
s
=3.90 r:.
.
)
Long span
Moment coeff. C
-M(....)
+M
-M(...)
0.025 0.037 0.049
Max. M = C w S
2 =
0.049 846 4.0
2
= 663 kg-m/1 m width
d = 10 - 2(covering) - 1.5(half of DB10) = 6.5 cm
2
2 2
66, 300
17.44 kg/cm
0.9 100 7.5
u
n
M
R
bd
= = =

0.85 2
1 1 0.0046
0.85
c n
y c
f R
f f

= =

A
s
= 0.0046(100)(6.5) = 2.97 r:.
.
> A
s,min
.ear.-erev DB10@0.20 (A
s
=3.90 r:.
.
)
o..+aauo+a+.ua.+.aavra+oavo.o
...av..e V
u
= w
u
S/4 = (846)(4.0)/4
= 846 ..:.
eu...avrav. V
c
= 0.85(0.53) (100)(7.5)
= 5234 ..:. OK
240
0.50
0.10
0.20
4.80
0.20
DB10@0.20 ra:.ev.v.ev
DB10@0.40 .e:n.rv
DB10@0.40 .e:n.rv
uv+va+.
0.70
1.20
1.20
1.60
0.50
0.10
0.20
3.80
0.20
DB10@0.20 ra:.ev.v.ev
DB10@0.40 .e:n.rv
DB10@0.40 .e:n.rv
uv+vav
0.95
1.30
0.55
0.95