GTL Geosynthetics Application 131031

Geosynthetics & Application Oct 31, 2013
GOUW Tjie-Liong, Ir. M.Eng. ChFC

www.indogeotek.com GS01-1
Geotechnical Course by GOUWTjie-Liong
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geotechnical Course
prepared by:
GOUW Tjie-Liong, Ir. M.Eng, ChFC (AIT)
Senior Geotechnical Consultant
gtloffice@gmail.com
http://indogeotek.com
https://gouw200.wordpress.com
Course on Geosynthetics Technology
Introduction to
Geosynthetics
and
Their Application
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Outline
1. Definition & Categories
2. Role of Geosynthetics
3. Geotextiles
4. Geogrids
5. Geonets
6. Geomembranes
7. Geosyntheticclay liners (GCL)
8. Geofoam
9. Geocells
10.Geopipes
11. Geotubes
12. Geobags
13. Geocomposites
14. Prefabricated Vertical Drains
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Definition & Categories
Geosyntheticsare the polymeric products manufactured
especially for solving civil engineering problems. The
polymeric nature of the products makes themsuitable for use in
the ground where high levels of durability are required.
It can be classified into 12 categories :
1. Geotextiles
2. Geogrids
3. Geonets
4. Geomembranes
5. Geosyntheticclay liners (GCL)
6. Geofoam
7. Geocells
8. Geopipes
9. Geotubes
10. Geobags
11. Geocomposites
12. Prefabricated
Vertical Drains
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Role of Geosynthetics
1. Separator
2. Reinforcement
3. Drainage
4. Filter
5. Energy absorber
6. Container
7. Barrier
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geotextiles
Geotextiles are indeed textiles in the traditional sense, but they
consist of synthetic fibers rather thannatural ones suchas cotton,
wool, or silk. It is produced by using standard textile
manufacturingtechnology. It canbecategorizedfurther into:
woven (slit film, monofilament or multifilament)
nonwoven (needle punched or heat bonded)
Geotextiles
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geotextiles
Main Characteristics:
Permeable / porous structureto allow liquid to penetrateand flow
across their manufactured planeand also within their thickness.
Generally, soil particles cannot penetratethegeotextiles.
Mechanical and hydraulic properties vary widely
Primary Functions:
Separator: Separate two layer of soil (materials)
Filter : Let water to penetratewithout carrying soil particles
Reinforcement: Act as tensileelement to providereinforcement to
thesoil.
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geotextiles
Some Application Examples :
Retaining Wall
Road Construction
Burried
drainage
Separator between backfill
material & original ground
Riprap
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geogrids are polymers formed into a very open, grid like
configuration, i.e., they have large apertures between individual
ribsinthetransverseandlongitudinal directions.
Geogrids
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geogrids
Primary Functions:
Mainly as Reinforcement, e.g. walls, steep slopes, baseand
foundation reinforcement
unitized, woven yarns or bonded straps
structureallows for soil strike-through
bidirectional equal strength in both directions
unidirectional main strength in machinedirections
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geogrids
Steep Slope Retaining Wall
Road Construction
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geonets, also named as geospacers, are formed by a continuous
extrusion of parallel sets of polymeric ribs at acute angles to one
another, results in parallel sets of ribs as a integral unit. The ribs are
openedwithrelativelylargeaperturesin anetlikeconfiguration.
Geonets
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geonets
Primary Functions:
Drainage, geonetsaredesigned to function as drainagesystem
wherethey areused to convey liquids of all types.
all aremadefromhigh density polyethylene
biplanar flow is equal in all directions
triplanar flow much greater in machinedirection
surfaces must becovered, generally with geotextiles
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Erosion Control
Geonets
Drainage System
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geomembranes are relatively thin, impervious sheets of polymeric
material usedprimarilyfor liningsandcoversof liquids- or solid-storage
facilities.
Geomembranes
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geomembranes
Primary Functions:
Containment andBarrier, theprimary function is always
containment as a barrier to liquids and gases. It is widely applied for
of landfills, reservoirs, canals, and other containment facilities.
Impermeablesheet
Many types: HDPE, LLDPE, PP, PVC, EPDM, etc.
Smooth or rough (patterned) surface.
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geomembranes
Industrial Ponds Lining
Reservoir Lining
Liner for oil tanks farm
Waste Containment (Landfill)
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
GCLs are combination of polymeric materials and natural soils. They
are basically thin layers of bentonite clay sandwiched between two
geotextilesor bondedtoageomembrane.
Geosynthetics Clay Liners (GCL)
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Primary Functions:
Containment, used as a composite component beneath a
geomembrane or by themselves in geoenvironmental and
containment applications.
common product is bentonitebetween two layers of geotextiles
internally reinforced by needle punched or stitching
bentonitebonded to geomembraneis also available
many other variations exist
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Providing water tightness system
(for waste containment / Landfill)
Self Sealing Construction Canal Lining
Waste Cover
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geofoam is a product created by a polymeric expansion process
resulting in a foam consisting of many closed, but gas-filled, cells.
Theresultingproduct isintheformof large, but extremelylight, blocks.
Geofoam
GEOFOAM
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geofoam
Primary Functions:
Separation, Energy
absorber and Filler, its
lightweight nature make
it useful as lightweight
fill on soft or sensitive
soils, relieves lateral
pressureon walls . Also
used for insulation of
frost-sensitivesoils
EPS (expanded polystyrene) in large, but extremely light, blocks.
Can sustain relatively high compressivestress.
Low resistanceagainst tension.
Low resistanceagainst oils and certain chemical products.
Geofoam
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Road Construction (backfill)
Geofoam
Retaining Structures (as backfill behind retaining structure)
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geocells (Cellular Confinement Systems) are three-dimensional
honeycombed cellular structures that formaconfinement systemwhen
infilled with compacted soil. The cellular confinement reduces the
lateral movement of soil particles, thereby maintaining compaction and
formsastiff mattressthat distributesloadsover awider area.
Geocells
GEO
CELLS
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geocells
Primary Functions:
Confinement, used in
slopeprotection and earth
retention applications,
road and rail load support.
Larger geocellsarealso
used for protection
bunkers and walls.
3 dimensional, honeycombed structures madeout of HDPE
Expanded to formstiff, textured and perforated walls of aflexible3D
cellular mattress
Might beperforated or not, smooth or textured (on both sides)
Geocellsmadefromadvanced polymers is suitablefor long termapplication.
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geocells
Erosion Control
Road Construction
Retaining Wall
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geopipes is apipemadefrompolymeric materials. Its main usageis
asburiedplasticpipe!
Geopipes
GEOPIPES
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geopipes
Primary Functions:
Drainage, used as a buried pipes to
drain out liquids.
MadefromHDPE and PVC most common
Both can besmooth walled or corrugated
Can beflexibleor relatively rigid pipes
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geopipes
Leachate Drainage Pipe
Water Carrying Pipe
Buried
Drainage
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geotubes arefabricatedfromastrong, woven, permeable, geotextilematerial
with special high strengthsewingtechniques. Whileretaining solids, sludgeor
dredgedmaterials put into theGeotube, excess water drains out throughsmall
pores of the Geotube, resulting in effective dewatering and efficient volume
reduction of the contained material. This volume reduction allows for the
repeated filling of theGeotube. After thefinal cycleof filling and dewatering,
theretainedfinegrainmaterials cancontinueto consolidate by desiccation as
theresidual water vapor escapesthroughthegeotextile.
Geotextiles Tubes (Geotubes)
GEOTUBES
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geotubes
Primary Functions:
Containment and drainage, to contain, whiledewatering, solid
wasteextracted fromriver, canals, lakes, lagoons etc.
Tubular in shapes
Madefromhigh strength permeablegeotextiles
Allow for thewater to seep out whilethesolid particles areretained
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geotubes
Barrier for Reclamation Coastal Protection Erosion
Sludge Containment Water Control System
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geobags arebasicallysmall sizeof geotubes.
Geobags
GEOBAGS
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geobags
Erosion Control
Slope Stabilization
Coastal Protection
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Geocomposites consists of a combination of geotextiles, geogrids,
geonets and/or geomembranes in a factory fabricated unit. The major
functions encompass the entire range of functions listed for
geosyntheticsdiscussedpreviously: separation, reinforcement, filtration,
drainage, andcontainment.
Geocomposites
GEOCOMPOSITES
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
PVD or WICKD RAINS, is basically a geocomposite consists of
geotextile and polymer cores. The geotextile, acts as a filter and
separator, is socked around a 100 mmwide by 5 mmthick polymer
cores. Thepolymer coreisinsertedfor easeof conductingwater.
Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD)
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Functions:
Drainage, used to accelerate consolidation process by
dissipating out theexcess porepressureof theclayey soil .
Basically it is ageocomposite
Generally consists of two materials: Geotextilefilter and Coreas drainage
channel
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
1600
1200
800
400
0
0 30 60 90 120 150
Suface
-4m -8m -12m
-16m -20m -24m
S
e
ttle
m
e
n
t (
m
m
)
0
40
80
120
160
Zone 2
L
o
a
d
(
k
P
a
)
Time (Day)
Application Examples :
Preloading with Surcharge Vertical Drains
Sand
blanket
Surcharge
Preload
Vacuum Preloading
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
prepared by:
GOUW Tjie-Liong, Ir. M.Eng (AIT)
Email: gouw2007@gmail.com
Geotechnical Course
Thank You!
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
prepared by:
GOUW Tjie-Liong, Ir. M.Eng (AIT)
Email: gouw2007@gmail.com
Geotechnical Course
References
G
T
L
I
n
t
r
o
.

t
o

G
e
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c
s

a
n
d

T
h
e
i
r

A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
References(1):
1. Bolt, B.A., 1989, Earthquakes, W.H.FreemanandCo, NewYork.

GTL Geosynthetics Application 131031

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

GTL Geosynthetics Application 131031

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Geosynthetics & Application Oct 31, 2013

GOUW Tjie-Liong, Ir. M.Eng. ChFC

Potrebbero piacerti anche