FF Zelinsky

Hellenistic Religion


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The original is here: Library Jacob Krotov
First edition: Moscow, 1922.
Tomsk: "Aquarius", 1996.
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CONTENTS:



Chapter I
INTRODUCTION


1. "Ancient Greek Religion" - New Task. - Illusion lengthwise.
- Successive cuts. - 2. The concept of Hellenism. - Conditions of its
occurrence. - Cultural Association of Hellenic tribes. - The Fall
mezhduellinskoy hegemonic ideas. - Centralize outside force. -
Hellenization "barbarians." - 3. The collapse of the power of Alexander the
Great. -
Macedonia. - Thracian-Frigo. - The Gauls and Pergamum. - The kingdom of the
Seleucids. -
Egypt. - The fate of Hellenism in these states. - Root Greece. -
Absorption of the Hellenistic world Rome. - 4. Religion Hellenism. - Process
religious formation. - Way of the study. - Religious feeling and
confessionalism. - Interkonfessionalizm and suprakonfessionalizm.


Chapter II
RELIGION Sacraments


5. Two currents in the ancient Greek religion. - Religion of the
Earth. - Demetra
Eleusis. - Eleusis and Delphi. - 6. Proselytizing religion of Demeter. -
Homeric myth of Demeter. - 7. Gods Eleusinian cult. - Connection
Eleusis to Athens. - "Delphic oracle." - Procession to Eleusis. -
Iacchus-Dionysus. - Evmolpidy, Kerik, Likomidy. - 8. Talisman Aristomenes.
-
Revival of Messenia. - Andaniyskie ordinances. - Apostle Mefap. - Sacraments
Kabiri. - Andaniyskaya inscription. - 9. Modification of the cult. - Enna
and Rome. -
Alexandria; hymn of Callimachus and religious sentimentalism. - Anatoly,
Cyzicus
and Pergamum. - 10. The evolution of religion sacraments.


Chapter III
GREAT MOTHER OF THE GODS


11. Demeter and the Earth. - Mother Goddess. - Her native-Greek way. -
Her image in the Asian Pessinus. - Its Greek-Asian image. - 12.
Ideyskaya Mother - Silence Homer - Aphrodite and Anchises. - The Great Mother
in
Cyzicus. - Anacharsis - Jason and the Argonauts. - 13. Great Mother in
Pessinus. -
Pessinuntsky myth. - Reform of Timothy. - 14. Ordinances of the Great
Mother. -
Mountain Mother and ecstasy. - Black Stone. - Samooskoplenie Gauls. - His
meaning. - Rites of the reformed religion. - The death and resurrection. -
15
A look back. - Mother and lover. - Development of a cult.


Chapter IV
Isis


16. The nature of the Egyptian religion. - The special position of
Isis. - Myth
Plutarch. - Doubling the death of Osiris. - 17. Ellinizovanny cult of Isis
and
SarapisThanks. - The story of Tacitus. - Timothy and Manetho. - Objections. -
Idol
Briaksida. - 18. Dissemination of the pre-reform cult. - Distribution
Reformed worship. - Freed the slaves. - Sicily, Pompeii, Rome. -
19. The nature of the reformed religion. Absence teriomorfizma. -
The lack of magic. - Feoskrasiya. - The Priesthood and the Liturgy. -
Mysteries of Isis.


Chapter V
Adonis and Aphrodite


20. Adon and Astarte. - Their Babylonian homeland. - Ishtar and
Tammuz. -
The Descent of Ishtar. - Elements of nature religion. - The question of the
mystical
the nature of the cult. - 21. Byblos and Cyprus. - Cyprus and the myth of
Aphrodite
Adonis. - Dissemination of their cult in Greece. - His private. -
Sappho and Praksilla. - 22. Change in the Hellenistic period. - Alexandria
holiday and Theocritus. - 23. Attis, Osiris, Adonis. - Religious
sentimentalism. - Difference from Demeter: religious eroticism.


Chapter VI
Ancient Olympia


24. Alleged impoverishment of polytheism. - Value of Literary and
epigraphic sources. - Care communities of worship by the inscriptions. -
25. Apollo at Delphi. - Invasion of the Gauls. - 26. The power of the
Aetolians. -
Holiday Soter. - The growth of the influence of Delphi. Going to the hegemony
of Rome. -
Sulla and the fall of Delphi. - 27. Seleucus-ellinizator. - The Cult of the
Sun-god. -
Seleucus and Apollo. - Apollo Dafneysky. - 28. Triumph of Apollo
East. - The idea of Apollo as the god-son. - Modest role of other gods
Hellenistic religion. - Its results: the god-son and mother-goddess.



Chapter VII
CULT HEROES AND APOTHEOSIS


29. Heroes in the epic. - Heroes founders arhegety saviors. -
Glorification and merit. - 30. Attaching a hero to the grave. - The role of
the oracle. -
The cult of heroes. - Their assistance. - "Grace". - Temeseysky hero and
Cleomedes. -
31 Heroes-saints and heroes ghouls. - Power as a condition of
glorification. - 32.
Historical heroes founding. - Glorification of the living. - Apotheosis. -
Orientalization Greek religion. - 33. Apotheosis of the pharaohs. -
Parallels in
Persia. - Diadochi. - The Apotheosis of the Ptolemies and Seleucids. - 34.
Postulates
apotheosis. - Evgemer and evgemerizm. - Variety of glorification and
apotheosis. -
The idea of the incarnation of God in man.


Chapter VIII
Secularization and sacralization


35. Both forces in the Achaean, Hellenistic and Attic periody.- 36.
Transition to Hellenism. - Art. - 37. Science. - "Meteorology"
cosmology, astrology. - Medicine: School dogmatic, empirical and
methodical. - Temple resorts; Asclepius and the thirst for miracles. -
Historical
science; Thucydides and Polybius. - 38. Life. - Faith and superstition. -
Magic. - 39.
Execution times. - The reaction of the East. - Quiet-fortune. - Equilibrium
elements of worldview and its violation.


Chapter IX
Posidonia


40. Hellenistic philosophical schools. - Religious philosophy Stoa. -
Cleanthes and his hymn to Zeus. - War Academy and the Stoa. - Secularization
Stoa:
Panety. - 41. The role of Posidonia. - Looks his life. - His
literary activity. - 42. Philosophy Posidonius. - The dogma of the World
sympathy. - Rock. - Prognostics and witchcraft. - "Consent". - Astrology. -
43. Doctrine of the soul. - The doctrine of the ascension of the soul. -
Showers and demons. - Paradise in
religious philosophy Posidonius. - "Dream of Scipio". - From Posidonius to
Dante. - 44. Posidonius as a scientist. - The ratio of Posidonius history. -
Fortune Polybius and Posidonius rock. - 45. Posidonius and sacralization of
philosophy;
the reasons for his success.


Chapter X
CONCLUSION


46. From Hellenism to Christianity. - Germ of Christianity in religion
Hellenism. - 47. From Hellenism to Hellenism. - Aspects of natural, labor,
political. - 48. Hellenistic religion as an extension
drevneellinskoy. - Progress or regression?







Chapter I
INTRODUCTION


1


My essay on the ancient Greek religion was presented to the reader as
a self-contained treatment of a specific and self-contained themes; This
value
I now wish to save him. Of historicism I'm in it consciously
distracted; not disputing his rights in a large amount of manual and strictly
scientific nature, what is to this day is the debt nationwide Philology
in relation to researchers and readers, where I set myself a
modest and not less tempting goal - to present a cross-sectional
the essence of Greek religion in the heyday of the Greek people, at the
period when he gave the world of Sophocles and Plato, Phidias and Praxiteles.
If my
work was not in vain, the reader of my essay knows that the religion
professed these people in no way can be ranked among the religions
lower dignity, to "pagan" to the color that the Jewish
intolerance gave the word; and if we keep it as often
convenient term, of course, without that color and exclusively for the sake
of
custom.
I think, however, and even I know that my share has got another success
I did not have in mind, but all the more gratifying. Worst returns for the
best
anybody does not excite surprise; but the beautiful and perfect
presented to my readers Free of dust and cobwebs religion
contemporaries of Pericles and Demosthenes, the question became
neotvyazchivoe: yes
how do we explain that civilized humanity has dared to sacrifice it,
decided to abandon their relatives are in favor of the alien, in favor of the
doctrine,
Named to it from distant shores of the Jordan, and besides, still come from
people not enjoying his respect and location? - This
point to the fact that I set myself a long time, ever
since stopped to look at the ancient religion established through our
tradition points.
Formula in which I concentrated the answer for themselves and their
listeners
and readers that "ancient religion - it is the real Old Testament
our Christianity, "could soon podzadorit than satisfy our
general curiosity; besides, it is in itself the singularity
puzzling. However, it was not a preconceived formula: in his
two-year university course, more than once, I shared with my
audience by the actual materials from which it was me
removed. But it was university students, a kind of circle or circle
dedicated; times the formula itself was withdrawn outside arising undeniable
debt, warning of the bewilderment, give her support and
confirming and founding her stuff. And with this understanding of the problem
element of evolutionism, carefully eliminated from the above-mentioned essay,
declared its cash and about their rights.
Yet I did not dare to proceed to the history of ancient religion,
which once dreamed of when still hoping that I will be allowed to
evening of my life in a quiet work on the favorite tasks in
constant fruitful dialogue with fellow specializing in the western
world. Things turned out differently, but life does not wait - and certainly
not waiting for death, and even
opposite. We have to set ourselves the task, depending on the capabilities of
their
performance - and to restrict, instead of a solid longitudinal section near
cross, but made so that they are mapped, creating at least
illusion lengthwise.
In this formulation of the problem is my essay on the ancient Greek
religion,
losing its significance as a self-contained exposition of this religion for V
and
IV centuries. R.X. to become at the same time and the first cross-sectional
view through the entire
history of ancient religion in general. For the second we step over three
century: they gave the Hellenic culture of victory over all the Middle East
world, and this in turn led to the interpenetration of Greek and
Eastern religions, to the Hellenization of the Eastern and Greek
orientalization;
result of this dual process was the religion of Hellenism, the presentation
is the subject of this essay. This cross-sectional view will be performed,
according to what has been said, for I c. R.X. to the eve of the birth of
Christianity.
In essence, these ellinizuyuschimsya orientalizuyuschim religions and
Greek
universe belongs and religion of the people, which is located on
banks of the Jordan; but its importance for the later Christianity does not
allow
present it along with the religion of any great mother, not to mention
that its inclusion in the inorganic "religion of Hellenism" prohibitive
would increase the volume on the latest release; It, therefore, is
subject of the next essay, the number of the third, wearing the title of
"Hellenism and
Judaism ". now stipulate that under Judaism, unlike the ancient
Israel, on the one hand, and Jewry, on the other, are of course
extremely low period in the religious development of the Jewish people,
the era of the Second Temple, as it is also called, by the return of
Babylonian captivity and the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem - only
this era
experienced a rapprochement with the Hellenic world, but she had the
importance for
nascent Christianity. Yet it is not all go into our presentation:
cross-sectional and there will be produced for I c. to R.X.
Greek universe was replaced by Roman; but before you go to her,
it will be necessary to make up the religion of the people who put it
its state seal. The fourth essay, therefore, will be devoted to
religion republican Rome. By the time he is parallel to both
previous, i.e. cross-sectional and there will be produced for I c. to R.X.,
for the age of Cicero. - After that come under the shadow of imperial power
cultural association of the Roman West and the Greek and non-Greek East;
for this universe Roman Christianity was ordained by religion; but
before finding it in his calm, she of the totality of its
religious forces created something original, great food and the previous and
the fact
more of what followed. This religion of universal empire - about
Diocletian era, ie end of the third century R.X. - And should make
the content of the fifth essay. - Finally, the sixth will completion of the
building -
early Christianity, but still not quite early, as defined in its
idea of what his era knew immediately after the end of the Arian
dispute.
That's the plan; Will it be possible to carry it out - time will tell.



2


There brahilogii content as brahilogii shape; to the first
belongs to the current opinion, that is the Greek universe, religious
indicator which has been presented in this essay, a set of
beliefs and practices, arose as a result of Alexander the Great victories. I
do not
object to it; but being quite good in the world-historical
scheme, it requires a certain, so to speak, in a resolution
detailed exposition. Such should be to specify a
preparatory processes prior to a decisive blow
king-conqueror and to determine its success.
As the reader can see, we use the word in this essay
"Hellenism" in the sense, not only does not match the words
"Hellenism", but to some extent even opposite him. Th